1
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Wierman SSG, Schichtel B, Collett JL, Wentworth GR, Davidson C, Legge AH, Driscoll CT, Bell M, Henze DK, Milford JB. Discussion of "Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management". JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:688-698. [PMID: 39374368 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2396783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan S G Wierman
- Engineering for Professionals Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bret Schichtel
- Air Resource Division, Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Collett
- Atmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bell
- U.S. National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jana B Milford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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2
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Golin Almeida T, Martí C, Kurtén T, Zádor J, Johansen SL. Theoretical analysis of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation reactions of imidazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23570-23587. [PMID: 39106054 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Imidazoles are present in Earth's atmosphere in both the gas-phase and in aerosol particles, and have been implicated in the formation of brown carbon aerosols. The gas-phase oxidation of imidazole (C3N2H4) by hydroxyl radicals has been shown to be preferentially initiated via OH-addition to position C5, producing the 5-hydroxyimidazolyl radical adduct. However, the fate of this adduct upon reaction with O2 in the atmospheric gas-phase is currently unknown. We employed an automated approach to investigate the reaction mechanism and kinetics of imidazole's OH-initiated gas-phase oxidation, in the presence of O2 and NOx. The explored mechanism included reactions available to first-generation RO2 radicals, as well as alkoxyl radicals produced from RO2 + NO reactions. Product distributions were obtained by assembling and solving a master equation, under conditions relevant to the Earth's atmosphere. Our calculations show a complex, branched reaction mechanism, which nevertheless converges to yield two major closed-shell products: 4H-imidazol-4-ol (4H-4ol) and N,N'-diformylformamidine (FMF). At 298 K and 1 atm, we estimate the yields of 4H-4ol and FMF from imidazole oxidation initiated via OH-addition to position C5 to be 34 : 66, 12 : 85 and 2 : 95 under 10 ppt, 100 ppt and 1 ppb of NO respectively. This work also revealed O2-migration pathways between the α-N-imino peroxyl radical isomers. This reaction channel is fast for the first-generation RO2 radicals, and may be important during the atmospheric oxidation of other unsaturated organic nitrogen compounds as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Golin Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Carles Martí
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Judit Zádor
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| | - Sommer L Johansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
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3
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Shang Y, Yan G, Cai Y, Lu L, Zhao H, Sun R. Theoretical Investigation on Water-Free, Water- and Self-Assisted H-Abstraction Reactions from Dimethylamine by Hydroxy Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6264-6273. [PMID: 39034617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurate branching ratios of the H-abstraction reactions from dimethylamine (DMA) by OH radicals are important in understanding the atmospheric fate of DMA. In this work, the reaction kinetics of the water-free, water-assisted, and self-assisted H-abstraction reactions between DMA and OH radicals are accurately determined using the multipath canonical variational theory with the small-curvature tunneling correction, to explore the catalytic effects of the reactant (DMA) and product (water). To choose a suitable method that well describes the current reaction systems, various combinations with seven DFT methods and six basis sets are first evaluated, and the M08-HX/ma-TZVP method is identified as the most appropriate, with a mean unsigned deviation of 0.9 kcal mol-1 against the gold-standard CCSD(T)/CBS(T-Q) method. Based on the determined potential energy surfaces with the considerations of ground-state structures and specific-reaction parameters of zero-point energies, rate constants and branching ratios are calculated in a wide temperature range. The calculations show that the participation of water and DMA can lead to three-body complexes with a lower energy and influence the energy barriers, but neither of them shows the catalytic effect on the H-abstraction reactions in terms of kinetics. Additionally, the branching ratio analysis demonstrates that the product distribution is significantly altered in the presence of DMA and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Shang
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Guihuan Yan
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
- Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Lei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dynamic Materials Data Science Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Haiyong Zhao
- Xiling DigitIntel Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P. R. China
| | - Rongfeng Sun
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
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4
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Shang Y, Luo SN. Insights into the role of the H-abstraction reaction kinetics of amines in understanding their degeneration fates under atmospheric and combustion conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39028293 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Amines, a class of prototypical volatile organic compounds, have garnered considerable interest within the context of atmospheric and combustion chemistry due to their substantial contributions to the formation of hazardous pollutants in the atmosphere. In the current energy landscape, the implementation of carbon-neutral energy and strategic initiatives leads to generation of new amine sources that cannot be overlooked in terms of the emission scale. To reduce the emission level of amines from their sources and mitigate their impact on the formation of harmful substances, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental reaction kinetics during the degeneration process of amines is imperative. This perspective article first presents an overview of both traditional amine sources and emerging amine sources within the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and then highlights the importance of H-abstraction reactions in understanding the atmospheric and combustion chemistry of amines from the perspective of reaction kinetics. Subsequently, the current experimental and theoretical techniques for investigating the H-abstraction reactions of amines are introduced, and a concise summary of research endeavors made in this field over the past few decades is provided. In order to provide accurate kinetic parameters of the H-abstraction reactions of amines, advanced kinetic calculations are performed using the multi-path canonical variational theory combined with the small-curvature tunneling and specific-reaction parameter methods. By comparing with the literature data, current kinetic calculations are comprehensively evaluated, and these validated data are valuable for the development of the reaction mechanism of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Shang
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - S N Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
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5
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Etz BD, Woodley CM, Shukla MK. Reaction mechanisms for methyl isocyanate (CH 3NCO) gas-phase degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134628. [PMID: 38795480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is a toxic chemical found in many commercial, industrial, and agricultural processes, and was the primary chemical involved in the Bhopal, India disaster of 1984. The atmospheric environmental chemical reactivity of MIC is relatively unknown with only proposed reaction channels, mainly involving OH-initiated reactions. The gas-phase degradation reaction pathways of MIC and its primary product, formyl isocyanate (FIC), were investigated with quantum mechanical (QM) calculations to assess the fate of the toxic chemical and its primary transformation products. Transition state energy barriers and reaction energetics were evaluated for thermolysis/pyrolysis-like reactions and bimolecular reactions initiated by relevant radicals (•OH and Cl•) to evaluate the potential energy surfaces and identify the primary reaction pathways and products. Thermolysis/pyrolysis of MIC requires high energy to initiate N-CH3 and C-H bond dissociation and is unlikely to dissociate except under extreme conditions. Bimolecular radical addition and H-abstraction reaction pathways are deemed the most kinetically and thermodynamically favorable mechanisms. The primary transformation products of MIC were identified as FIC, methylcarbamic acid, isocyanic acid (isocyanate radical), and carbon dioxide. The results of this work inform the gas-phase reaction channels of MIC and FIC reactivity and identify transformation products under various reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Etz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Christa M Woodley
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
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6
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Zheng K, Wu M, Zhu J, Zhang W, Liu S, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li L, Li B, Liu W, Hu J, Liu C, Zhu J, Pan Y, Zhou M, Sun Y, Xie Y. Breaking the Activity-Selectivity Trade-off for CH 4-to-C 2H 6 Photoconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12233-12242. [PMID: 38626786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of methane (CH4) to ethane (C2H6) has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. Typically, the traditional oxidative coupling of CH4 (OCM) reaches a high C2H6 productivity, yet the inevitable overoxidation limits the target product selectivity. Although the traditional nonoxidative coupling of CH4 (NOCM) can improve the product selectivity, it still encounters unsatisfied activity, arising from being thermodynamically unfavorable. To break the activity-selectivity trade-off, we propose a conceptually new mechanism of H2O2-triggered CH4 coupling, where the H2O2-derived ·OH radicals are rapidly consumed for activating CH4 into ·CH3 radicals exothermically, which bypasses the endothermic steps of the direct CH4 activation by photoholes and the interaction between ·CH3 and ·OH radicals, affirmed by in situ characterization techniques, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density-functional theory calculation. By this pathway, the designed Au-WO3 nanosheets achieve unprecedented C2H6 productivity of 76.3 mol molAu-1 h-1 with 95.2% selectivity, and TON of 1542.7 (TOF = 77.1 h-1) in a self-designed flow reactor, outperforming previously reported photocatalysts regardless of OCM and NOCM pathways. Also, under outdoor natural sunlight irradiation, the Au-WO3 nanosheets exhibit similar activity and selectivity toward C2H6 production, showing the possibility for practical applications. Interestingly, this strategy can be applied to other various photocatalysts (Au-WO3, Au-TiO2, Au-CeO2, Pd-WO3, and Ag-WO3), showing a certain universality. It is expected that the proposed mechanism adds another layer to our understanding of CH4-to-C2H6 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingyu Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Juncheng Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Siying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bangwang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongfu Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Zhu Q, Long J, Song X, Wang K, Zeng J, Fan Y. KO tBu/DMF-Mediated Hydroalkylation of Alkenes via Benzylic C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3726-3731. [PMID: 38417109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic hydroalkylation reaction of alkenes with benzylic hydrocarbons involving t-BuOK/DMF-mediated benzylic C-H bond activation is demonstrated. This direct and operational simple protocol affords a rapid and reliable access to a wide scope of benzylic compounds in good-to-excellent yields. The benzylic C-H's of either activated diarylmethanes (pKa ∼ 32.2) and benzyl thioethers (pKa ∼ 30.8) or inert alkylbenzenes could all act as useful synthetic platforms to be conveniently alkylated under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhu
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Long
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Xianchen Song
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Zeng
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Yuyuan Fan
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
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8
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Sviatenko LK, Gorb L, Leszczynski J. Role of Hydroxyl Radical in Degradation of NTO: DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8584-8594. [PMID: 37796737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals are important reactive oxygen species produced in the aquatic environment under sunlight irradiation. Many organic pollutants may be decomposed as they encounter hydroxyl radicals, due to their high oxidative ability. NTO (5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one), an energetic material used in military applications, may be released to the environment and dissolved in surface water and groundwater due to its good water solubility. A detailed investigation of the possible mechanism for NTO decomposition in water induced by hydroxyl radical as one of the pathways for NTO environmental degradation was performed by computational study at the PCM/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level. Decomposition of NTO was found to be a multistep process that may begin with an addition of hydroxyl radical to the carbon atom of C═N double bond and consequent release of a nitrite radical. The formed intermediate undergoes a series of chemical transformations that include the attachments of hydroxyl radical to carbon atoms, the transfer of hydrogen to hydroxyl radical, isomerization, and bond cleavage, leading to low-weight inorganic compounds, such as ammonia, nitrogen gas, nitrous acid, nitric acid, and carbon(IV) oxide. The anionic form of NTO is more reactive toward interaction with the hydroxyl radical as compared with its neutral form. Calculated activation energies and high exergonicity of the studied process support the significant contribution of the hydroxyl radical to NTO mineralization in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmyla K Sviatenko
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics & Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Leonid Gorb
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotny Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
- QSAR Lab Sp. z o.o., Trzy Lipy 3, B, Gdansk 80-172, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics & Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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9
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Zhu S, Yan C, Zheng J, Chen C, Ning H, Yang D, Wang M, Ma Y, Zhan J, Hua C, Yin R, Li Y, Liu Y, Jiang J, Yao L, Wang L, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR. Observation and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Alkaline Gases in Urban Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17545-17555. [PMID: 36441962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline gases, including NH3, C1-3-amines, C1-3-amides, and C1-3-imines, were measured in situ using a water cluster-CIMS in urban Beijing during the wintertime of 2018, with a campaign average of 2.8 ± 2.0 ppbv, 5.2 ± 4.3, 101.1 ± 94.5, and 5.2 ± 5.4 pptv, respectively. Source apportionment analysis constrained by emission profiles of in-use motor vehicles was performed using a SoFi-PMF software package, and five emission sources were identified as gasoline-powered vehicles (GV), diesel-powered vehicles (DV), septic system emission (SS), soil emission (SE), and combustion-related sources (CS). SS was the dominant NH3 source (60.0%), followed by DV (18.6%), SE (13.1%), CS (4.3%), and GV (4.0%). GV and DV were responsible for 69.9 and 85.2% of C1- and C2-amines emissions, respectively. Most of the C3-amines were emitted from nonmotor vehicular sources (SS = 61.3%; SE = 17.8%; CS = 9.1%). DV accounted for 71.9 and 34.1% of C1- and C2-amides emissions, respectively. CS was mainly comprised of amides and imines, likely originating from the pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing compounds. Our results suggested that motor vehicle exhausts can not only contribute to criteria air pollutants emission but also promote new particle formation, which has not been well recognized and considered in current regulations. Urban residential septic system was the predominant contributor to background NH3. Enhanced NH3 emissions from soil and combustion-related sources were the major cause of PM2.5 buildup during the haze events. Combustion-related sources, together with motor vehicles, were responsible for most of the observed amides and imines and may be of public health concern within the vicinity of these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Chen Chen
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Heshan Ning
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Dongsen Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Junlei Zhan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Chenjie Hua
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Rujing Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts01821, United States
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10
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Welz O, Pfeifle M, Plehiers PM, Sure R, Deglmann P. Reaction of OH with Aliphatic and Aromatic Isocyanates. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9333-9352. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Welz
- BASF SE, Scientific Modelling − Quantum Chemistry, Group Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein67056, Germany
| | - Mark Pfeifle
- BASF SE, Scientific Modelling − Quantum Chemistry, Group Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein67056, Germany
| | - Patrick M. Plehiers
- International Isocyanate Institute Inc. (III), 333 Route 46 West, Suite. 206, Mountain Lakes, New Jersey07046, United States
| | - Rebecca Sure
- BASF SE, Scientific Modelling − Quantum Chemistry, Group Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein67056, Germany
| | - Peter Deglmann
- BASF SE, Scientific Modelling − Quantum Chemistry, Group Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein67056, Germany
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11
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You B, Zhou W, Li J, Li Z, Sun Y. A review of indoor Gaseous organic compounds and human chemical Exposure: Insights from Real-time measurements. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107611. [PMID: 36335895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous organic compounds, mainly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have become a wide concern in various indoor environments where we spend the majority of our daily time. The sources, compositions, variations, and sinks of indoor VOCs are extremely complex, and their potential impacts on human health are less understood. Owing to the deployment of the state-of-the-art real-time mass spectrometry during the last two decades, our understanding of the sources, dynamic changes and chemical transformations of VOCs indoors has been significantly improved. This review aims to summarize the key findings from mass spectrometry measurements in recent indoor studies including residence, classroom, office, sports center, etc. The sources and sinks, compositions and distributions of indoor VOCs, and the factors (e.g., human activities, air exchange rate, temperature and humidity) driving the changes in indoor VOCs are discussed. The physical and chemical processes of gas-particle partitioning and secondary oxidation processes of VOCs, and their impacts on human health are summarized. Finally, the recommendations for future research directions on indoor VOCs measurements and indoor chemistry are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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González D, Lema-Saavedra A, Espinosa S, Martínez-Núñez E, Fernández-Ramos A, Canosa A, Ballesteros B, Jiménez E. Reaction of OH radicals with CH 3NH 2 in the gas phase: experimental (11.7-177.5 K) and computed rate coefficients (10-1000 K). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23593-23601. [PMID: 36134502 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-bearing molecules, like methylamine (CH3NH2), can be the building blocks of amino acids in the interstellar medium (ISM). At the ultralow temperatures of the ISM, it is important to know its gas-phase reactivity towards interstellar radicals and the products formed. In this work, the kinetics of the OH + CH3NH2 reaction was experimentally and theoretically investigated at low- and high-pressure limits (LPL and HPL) between 10 and 1000 K. Moreover, the CH2NH2 and CH3NH yields were computed in the same temperature range for both pressure regimes. A pulsed CRESU (French acronym for Reaction Kinetics in a Uniform Supersonic Flow) apparatus was employed to determine the rate coefficient, k(T), in the 11.7-177.5 K range. A drastic increase of k(T) when the temperature is lowered was observed in agreement with theoretical calculations, evaluated by the competitive canonical unified statistical (CCUS) theory, below 300 K in the LPL regime. The same trend was observed in the HPL regime below 350 K, but the theoretical k(T) values were higher than the experimental ones. Above 200 K, the calculated rate coefficients are improved with respect to previous computational studies and are in excellent agreement with the experimental literature data. In the LPL, the formation of CH3NH becomes largely dominant below ca. 100 K. Conversely, in the HPL regime, CH2NH2 is the only product below 100 K, whereas CH3NH becomes dominant at 298 K with a branching ratio similar to the one found in the LPL regime (≈70%). At T > 300 K, both reaction channels are competitive independently of the pressure regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1b, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Anxo Lema-Saavedra
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sara Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1b, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Emilio Martínez-Núñez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ramos
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - André Canosa
- CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bernabé Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1b, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 1b, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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13
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Wang X, Tang B, Bao L, Zhang H, He M, Yuan S. Degradation evaluation of acrylamide in advanced oxidation processes based on theoretical method: Mechanisms, kinetics, toxicity evaluation and the role of soil particles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127592. [PMID: 34736216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is now recognized as an imminent hazardous chemical in the aqueous environment, causing a potential threat to human health. As a neo-formed contaminant (NFC), the degradation measure of AA is largely lacking. In this work, we used quantum chemistry and experimental methods to identify the main degradation mechanism of AA in the UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the first time. Radical addition reactions dominate the •OH-initiated AA reaction, resulting in few toxic nitrosamines formation. The interaction between AA and the surface model of soil particles (SixOy(OH)z) is weak, and AA can rapidly migrate down to groundwater via seepage. However, the total rate constants of AA and COMADS2-AA with •OH are 2.75 × 109 and 2.09 × 109 M-1 s-1, and the removal of AA from aqueous and heterogeneous systems reaches 62.30% and 62.05% within 2 h. Whether in the aqueous-phase or on the surface of soil particles, •OH initiated AA reaction is an efficient way to remove AA. Furthermore, the toxicity of the main by-products of AA show less harmful to three aquatic organisms and rats than AA. UV/H2O2 AOP is evaluated as an efficient method to degrade AA while decreasing harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shiling Yuan
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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14
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Zhao H, Lu C, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Sun J. A theoretical investigation on the degradation reactions of CH 3CH 2CH 2NH and (CH 3CH 2CH 2) 2N radicals in the presence of NO, NO 2 and O 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131946. [PMID: 34438212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The degradation reactions of propylamino and dipropylamino radicals in the presence of NO, NO2 and O2 were investigated at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G (2d, 2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) levels of theory. Result indicates that nitrosamines, nitramines, nitroso-oxy compounds and imines can be formed at atmosphere. Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculation shows that nitrosamines and nitroso-oxy compounds can photolyze under sunlight, while nitramines cannot undergo photolysis in the daytime. Moreover, the ecotoxicity assessment result implies that the degradation of propyl-substituted amines by OH radicals, NO and NO2 will reduce their toxicity to fish, daphnia and green algae in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, PR China
| | - Chenggang Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, PR China
| | - Yizhen Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, PR China.
| | - Yunju Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road 11, Huangshi, Hubei, 435002, PR China
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15
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Speak TH, Medeiros DJ, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. OH Kinetics with a Range of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: N-Methylformamide, t-Butylamine, and N-Methyl-propane Diamine. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10439-10450. [PMID: 34818012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of amines and amides to the atmosphere are significant from both anthropogenic and natural sources, and amides can be formed as secondary pollutants. Relatively little kinetic data exist on overall rate coefficients with OH, the most important tropospheric oxidant, and even less on site-specific data which control the product distribution. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) can be used to estimate both quantities. Rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with t-butylamine (k1), N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (k2), and N-methylformamide (k3) have been measured using laser flash photolysis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence. Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has been used to ensure the reliable introduction of these low-vapor pressure N-containing compounds and to give qualitative information on products. Supporting ab initio calculations are presented for the t-butylamine system. The following rate coefficients have been determined: k1,298K= (1.66 ± 0.20) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k(T)1 = 1.65 × 10-11 (T/300)-0.69 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k2,293K = (7.09 ± 0.22) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and k3,298K = (1.03 ± 0.23) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. For OH + t-butylamine, ab initio calculations predict that the fraction of N-H abstraction is 0.87. The dominance of this channel was qualitatively confirmed using end-product analysis. The reaction of OH with N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine also had a negative temperature dependence, but the reduction in the rate coefficient was complicated by reagent loss. The measured rate coefficient for reaction 3 is in good agreement with a recent relative rate study. The results of this work and the literature data are compared with the recent SAR estimates for the reaction of OH with reduced nitrogen compounds. Although the SARs reproduce the overall rate coefficients for reactions, site-specific agreement with this work and other literature studies is less strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Speak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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16
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Mai TVT, Nguyen TTD, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, Huynh LK. New Mechanistic Insights into Atmospheric Oxidation of Aniline Initiated by OH Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7858-7868. [PMID: 34043323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study theoretically reports the comprehensive kinetic mechanism of the aniline + OH reaction in the range of 200-2000 K and 0.76-7600 Torr. The temperature- and pressure-dependent behaviors, including time-resolved species profiles and rate coefficients, were studied within the stochastic RRKM-based master equation framework with the reaction energy profile, together with molecular properties of the species involved, characterized at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Hindered internal rotation and Eckart tunneling treatments were included. The H-abstraction from the -NH2 moiety (to form C6H5NH (P1)) is found to prevail over the OH-addition on the C atom at the ortho site of aniline (to form 6-hydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl (I2)) with the atmospheric rate expressions (in cm3/molecule/s) as kabstraction(P1) = 3.41 × 101 × T-4.56 × exp (-255.2 K/T) for 200-2000 K and kaddition(I2) = 3.68 × 109 × T-7.39 × exp (-1163.9 K/T) for 200-800 K. The U-shaped temperature-dependent characteristics and weakly positive pressure dependence at low temperatures (e.g., T ≤ 800 K and P = 760 Torr) of ktotal(T) are also observed. The disagreement in ktotal(T) between the previous calculations and experimental studies is also resolved, and atmospheric aniline is found to be primarily removed by OH radicals (τOH ∼ 1.1 h) in the daytime. Also, via TD-DFT simulations, it is recommended to include P1 and I2 in any atmospheric photolysis-related model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam V-T Mai
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi T-D Nguyen
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Trang T Nguyen
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Lam K Huynh
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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17
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Ma F, Xie HB, Li M, Wang S, Zhang R, Chen J. Autoxidation mechanism for atmospheric oxidation of tertiary amines: Implications for secondary organic aerosol formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129207. [PMID: 33349467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary amines are one kind of identified amines in the atmosphere. Here, the atmospheric oxidation mechanism and kinetics of tertiary amines were investigated by using computational methods. As proxies of these amines, trimethylamine (TMA) and triethylamine (TEA) have been selected. Results indicate that N-containing peroxy radicals (NRO2⋅), which are key intermediates in ⋅OH initiated oxidation of TMA and TEA, can follow a so-called autoxidation mechanism (a chain reaction of H-shift followed by O2 addition) even on the condition of high NO/HO2⋅ concentration. Such unique mechanism can be ascribed to the ability of N-atom in facilitating the unimolecular H-shift of NRO2⋅ and the absence of H-atoms on N-atom. However, different from TMA reaction system, the pathway dissociating into fragmental products can compete with the autoxidation pathway for TEA system. More importantly, TEA reaction system cannot lead to the formation of products with high O/C ratio due to the autoxidation pathway terminated by the release of fragmental molecules. Such difference can be corroborated by previously observing lower secondary organic aerosol yield of TEA oxidation than that of TMA oxidation. The unveiled mechanism enhances current understanding on atmospheric fate of amines and autoxidation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Mingxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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18
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Zuo C, Zhao X, Wang H, Ma X, Zheng S, Xu F, Zhang Q. A theoretical study of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters of sulfuric acid and organic acids with amides. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:328-339. [PMID: 33279046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH•••O > COH•••O > NH•••O > CH•••O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH3) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpeng Zuo
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hetong Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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19
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Møller KH, Berndt T, Kjaergaard HG. Atmospheric Autoxidation of Amines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11087-11099. [PMID: 32786344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Autoxidation has been acknowledged as a major oxidation pathway in a broad range of atmospherically important compounds including isoprene, monoterpenes, and very recently, dimethyl sulfide. Here, we present a high-level theoretical multiconformer transition-state theory study of the atmospheric autoxidation in amines exemplified by the atmospherically important trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine and generalized by the study of the larger diethylamine. Overall, we find that the initial hydrogen shift reactions have rate coefficients greater than 0.1 s-1 and autoxidation is thus an important atmospheric pathway for amines. This autoxidation efficiently leads to the formation of hydroperoxy amides, a new type of atmospheric nitrogen-containing compounds, and for TMA, we experimentally confirm this. The conversion of amines to hydroperoxy amides may have important implications for nucleation and growth of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols and atmospheric OH recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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20
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Glarborg P, Andreasen CS, Hashemi H, Qian R, Marshall P. Oxidation of methylamine. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Glarborg
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Charlotte S. Andreasen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hamid Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Rachel Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling University of North Texas Denton Texas
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling University of North Texas Denton Texas
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21
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Ashraful AM, da Silva G. A detailed chemical kinetic model for the supercritical water oxidation of methylamine: The importance of imine formation. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ashraful
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Australia
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22
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Zhu Y, Xiao K, Zhou Y, Yu W, Tao S, Le C, Lu D, Yu Z, Liang S, Hu J, Hou H, Liu B, Yang J. Profiling of amino acids and their interactions with proteinaceous compounds for sewage sludge dewatering by Fenton oxidation treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115645. [PMID: 32146204 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During advanced oxidation treatment for enhancing sludge dewaterability, the peptide chains of protein can be decomposed into amino acids. Protein exhibits a great impact on sewage sludge dewaterability. However, the role of amino acids in sludge dewatering remains unclear. In this study, among the 23 types of amino acids investigated, tryptophane (Trp) and lysine (Lys) were identified as the key amino acids affecting sludge dewaterability during Fenton oxidation treatment. The content of lysine showed positive correlations with capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and bound water content, and the concentrations of total protein, low molecular weight protein, amines and amides, and 3-turn helix of proteinaceous compounds in bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), while the content of tryptophane showed negative correlations with the above parameters. The amino acids may be sourced from damage of the membrane and ribosomal proteins by hydroxyl radicals, and the peptide bonds connected with tryptophane were more inclined to be decomposed than other amino acids. Particularly, more amino acids of tryptophane can result in more hydrophobic interaction, and less necessary energy barrier for aggregation of particles. As such, regulating protein degradation towards production of tryptophane may be related with enhanced sludge dewaterability by Fenton oxidation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shuangyi Tao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Chencheng Le
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zecong Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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23
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Liu C, Ma F, Elm J, Fu Z, Tang W, Chen J, Xie HB. Mechanism and predictive model development of reaction rate constants for N-center radicals with O 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124411. [PMID: 31549633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation of NHx-containing (x = 1, 2) compounds can produce N-center radicals, a precursor of toxic nitrosamines. The reaction rate constant (kO2) with O2 has been considered as an important parameter to determine the nitrosamines yield in the subsequent reactions of N-center radicals. However, available kO2 values of N-center radicals are limited. Here, a three-step scheme including mechanistic analysis and kinetics calculation of the reactions of 28 various N-center radicals with O2, and model development was taken to solve the kO2 data shortage. Mainly employed tools include highly cost-expensive coupled-cluster theory (CCSD(T)), kinetic model and statistics. The results indicate that the direct H-abstraction pathway is the most favorable for the reactions of all considered N-center radicals with O2. The specific molecular conformation and the C-H bond energy of the N-center radicals are two important factors to determine kO2 values. Based on the mechanistic understanding of kO2 values, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model of kO2 values was developed. The model has satisfactory goodness-of-fit, robustness and predictive ability. The determined kO2 values and the in silico methods provide a scientific base for assessing formation risk of toxic nitrosamines in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Weihao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China.
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24
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Liu J, Li S, Zeng J, Mekic M, Yu Z, Zhou W, Loisel G, Gandolfo A, Song W, Wang X, Zhou Z, Herrmann H, Li X, Gligorovski S. Assessing indoor gas phase oxidation capacity through real-time measurements of HONO and NO x in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1393-1402. [PMID: 31322150 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) is one of the most important oxidants controlling the oxidation capacity of the indoor atmosphere. One of the main OH sources indoors is the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO). In this study, real-time measurements of HONO, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) in an indoor environment in Guangzhou, China, were performed under two different conditions: (1) in the absence of any human activity and (2) in the presence of cooking. The maximum NOx and HONO levels drastically increased from 15 and 4 ppb in the absence of human activity to 135 and 40 ppb during the cooking event, respectively. The photon flux was determined for the sunlit room, which has a closed south-east oriented window. The photon flux was used to estimate the photolysis rate constants of NO2, J(NO2), and HONO, J(HONO), which span the range between 8 × 10-5 and 1.5 × 10-5 s-1 in the morning from 9:30 to 11:45, and 8.5 × 10-4 and 1.5 × 10-4 s-1 at noon, respectively. The OH concentrations calculated by photostationary state (PSS) approach, observed around noon, are very similar, i.e., 2.4 × 106 and 3.1 × 106 cm-3 in the absence of human activity and during cooking, respectively. These results suggest that under "high NOx" conditions (NOx higher than a few ppb) and with direct sunlight in the room, the NOx and HONO chemistry would be similar, independent of the geographic location of the indoor environment, which facilitates future modeling studies focused on indoor gas phase oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China.
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25
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Hems RF, Wang C, Collins DB, Zhou S, Borduas-Dedekind N, Siegel JA, Abbatt JPD. Sources of isocyanic acid (HNCO) indoors: a focus on cigarette smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1334-1341. [PMID: 30976776 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sources and sinks of isocyanic acid (HNCO), a toxic gas, in indoor environments are largely uncharacterized. In particular, cigarette smoke has been identified as a significant source. In this study, controlled smoking of tobacco cigarettes was investigated in both an environmental chamber and a residence in Toronto, Canada using an acetate-CIMS. The HNCO emission ratio from side-stream cigarette smoke was determined to be 2.7 (±1.1) × 10-3 ppb HNCO/ppb CO. Side-stream smoke from a single cigarette introduced a large pulse of HNCO to the indoor environment, increasing the HNCO mixing ratio by up to a factor of ten from background conditions of 0.15 ppb. Although there was no evidence for photochemical production of HNCO from cigarette smoke in the residence, it was observed in the environmental chamber via oxidation by the hydroxyl radical (1.1 × 107 molecules per cm3), approximately doubling the HNCO mixing ratio after 30 minutes of oxidation. Oxidation of cigarette smoke by O3 (15 ppb = 4.0 × 1017 molecules per cm3) and photo-reaction with indoor fluorescent lights did not produce HNCO. By studying the temporal profiles of both HNCO and CO after smoking, it is inferred that gas-to-surface partitioning of HNCO acts as an indoor loss pathway. Even in the absence of smoking, the indoor HNCO mixing ratios in the Toronto residence were elevated compared to concurrent outdoor measurements by approximately a factor of two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Hems
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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26
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Ma F, Xie HB, Elm J, Shen J, Chen J, Vehkamäki H. Piperazine Enhancing Sulfuric Acid-Based New Particle Formation: Implications for the Atmospheric Fate of Piperazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8785-8795. [PMID: 31287292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine (PZ), a cyclic diamine, is one of 160 detected atmospheric amines and an alternative solvent to the widely used monoethanolamine in post-combustion CO2 capture. Participating in H2SO4 (sulfuric acid, SA)-based new particle formation (NPF) could be an important removal pathway for PZ. Here, we employed quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling to evaluate the enhancing potential of PZ on SA-based NPF by examining the formation of PZ-SA clusters. The results indicate that PZ behaves more like a monoamine in stabilizing SA and can enhance SA-based NPF at the parts per trillion (ppt) level. The enhancing potential of PZ is less than that of the chainlike diamine putrescine and greater than that of dimethylamine, which is one of the strongest enhancing agents confirmed by ambient observations and experiments. After the initial formation of the (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster, the cluster mainly grows by gradual addition of SA or PZ monomer, followed by addition of (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster. We find that the ratio of PZ removal by NPF to that by the combination of NPF and oxidations is 0.5-0.97 at 278.15 K. As a result, we conclude that participation in the NPF pathway could significantly alter the environmental impact of PZ compared to only considering oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK- 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jiewen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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27
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Alam MA, Ren Z, da Silva G. Nitramine and nitrosamine formation is a minor pathway in the atmospheric oxidation of methylamine: A theoretical kinetic study of the CH
3
NH + O
2
reaction. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhonghua Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
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28
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Leslie MD, Ridoli M, Murphy JG, Borduas-Dedekind N. Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:793-808. [PMID: 30968101 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanic acid (HNCO) has recently been identified in ambient air at potentially concerning concentrations for human health. Since its first atmospheric detection, significant progress has been made in understanding its sources and sinks. The chemistry of HNCO is governed by its partitioning between the gas and liquid phases, its weak acidity, its high solubility at pH above 5, and its electrophilic chemical behaviour. The online measurement of HNCO in ambient air is possible due to recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques, including chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the detection of weak acids. To date, HNCO has been measured in North America, Europe and South Asia as well as outdoors and indoors, with mixing ratios up to 10s of ppbv. The sources of HNCO include: (1) fossil fuel combustion such as coal, gasoline and diesel, (2) biomass burning such as wildfires and crop residue burning, (3) secondary photochemical production from amines and amides, (4) cigarette smoke, and (5) combustion of materials in the built environment. Then, three losses processes can occur: (1) gas phase photochemistry, (2) heterogenous uptake and hydrolysis, and (3) dry deposition. HNCO lifetimes with respect to photolysis and OH radical oxidation are on the order of months to decades. Consequently, the removal of HNCO from the atmosphere is thought to occur predominantly by dry deposition and by heterogeneous uptake followed by hydrolysis to NH3 and CO2. A back of the envelope calculation reveals that HNCO is an insignificant global source of NH3, contributing only around 1%, but could be important for local environments. Furthermore, HNCO can react due to its electrophilic behaviour with various nucleophilic functionalities, including those present in the human body through a reaction called protein carbamoylation. This protein modification can lead to toxicity, and thus exposure to high concentrations of HNCO can lead to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cataracts. In this critical review, we outline our current understanding of the atmospheric fate of HNCO and its potential impacts on outdoor and indoor air quality. We also call attention to the need for toxicology studies linking HNCO exposure to health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael David Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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29
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Murschell T, Farmer DK. Atmospheric OH oxidation chemistry of trifluralin and acetochlor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:650-658. [PMID: 30805573 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trifluralin and acetochlor are two nitrogen-containing current use herbicides. While both herbicides have been observed in the atmosphere and have the potential to undergo atmospheric oxidation before deposition to off-target areas, the atmospheric photooxidation chemistry of these species is poorly understood. We use an oxidative flow reactor to expose the two herbicides to increasing concentrations of OH radicals, detecting pesticides and products using an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer. We identify new oxidation products and propose photooxidation mechanisms for trifluralin and acetochlor. Both herbicides contain reduced organic nitrogen atoms, and their OH oxidation produces isocyanic acid. While aerosol was observed in the flow reactor only for acetochlor, our results indicate that OH oxidation of neither herbicide would contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation under typical ambient atmospheric conditions. However, high wall losses of both pesticides in the flow reactor suggests that partitioning to pre-existing aerosol may occur and enable subsequent transport in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Murschell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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30
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Kiss B, Picaud S, Szőri M, Jedlovszky P. Adsorption of Formamide at the Surface of Amorphous and Crystalline Ices under Interstellar and Tropospheric Conditions. A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2935-2948. [PMID: 30839213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of formamide is studied both at the surface of crystalline (Ih) ice at 200 K and at the surface of low density amorphous (LDA) ice in the temperature range of 50-200 K by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation. These systems are characteristic of the upper troposphere and of the interstellar medium (ISM), respectively. Our results reveal that while no considerable amount of formamide is dissolved in the bulk ice phase in any case, the adsorption of formamide at the ice surface under these conditions is a very strongly preferred process, which has to be taken into account when studying the chemical reactivity in these environments. The adsorption is found to lead to the formation of multimolecular adsorption layer, the occurrence of which somewhat precedes the saturation of the first molecular layer. Due to the strong lateral interaction acting between the adsorbed formamide molecules, the adsorption isotherm does not follow the Langmuir shape. Adsorption is found to be slightly stronger on LDA than Ih ice under identical thermodynamic conditions, due to the larger surface area exposed to the adsorption. Indeed, the monomolecular adsorption capacity of the LDA and Ih ice surfaces is found to be 10.5 ± 0.7 μmol/m2 and 9.4 μmol/m2, respectively. The first layer formamide molecules are very strongly bound to the ice surface, forming typically four hydrogen bonds with each other and the surface water molecules. The heat of adsorption at infinitely low surface coverage is found to be -105.6 kJ/mol on Ih ice at 200 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kiss
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Miskolc , Egyetemváros A/2 , H-3515 Miskolc , Hungary.,University of Lille, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, LASIR (UMR CNRS 8516), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Sylvain Picaud
- Institut UTINAM (CNRS UMR 6213), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray , F-25030 Besançon , France
| | - Milán Szőri
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Miskolc , Egyetemváros A/2 , H-3515 Miskolc , Hungary
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry , Eszterházy Károly University , Leányka u. 6 , H-3300 Eger , Hungary
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31
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Ge P, Luo G, Luo Y, Huang W, Xie H, Chen J. A molecular-scale study on the hydration of sulfuric acid-amide complexes and the atmospheric implication. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:453-462. [PMID: 30245222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amides are ubiquitous in atmosphere. However, the role of amides in new particle formation (NPF) is poorly understood. Herein, the interaction of urea and formamide with sulfuric acid (SA) and up to four water (W) molecules has been studied at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. The structures and properties of (Formamide)(SA)(W)n (n = 0-4) and (Urea)(SA)(W)n (n = 0-4) clusters were investigated. Results show that the interaction of SA with the CO group of amides plays a more important role in amide clusters compared with the NH2 group. Proton transfer to water molecule become dominant in highly hydrated amide clusters at lower temperatures. There is no proton transfer to CO group in formamide clusters. The Rayleigh light scattering intensities of amide clusters are comparable to that of amine and oxalic acid clusters reported previously. Moreover, unhydrated (Amide)(SA) clusters have similar or even higher ability than hydrated SA clusters to participate in ion-induced nucleation. In comparison with formamide, urea has more interacting sites and its clusters have higher Rayleigh light scattering intensities, larger dipole moment, stronger interaction with SA and lower water affinity. The intermolecular interaction in (Formamide)(SA) is slightly weaker than that of SA dimer, which may be compensated by the high concentration of formamide, thus enabling formamide to participate in initial steps of NPF. This study may bring new insight into the role of amides in initial steps of NPF from molecular scale and could help better understand the properties of amide-containing organic aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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32
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Ma F, Ding Z, Elm J, Xie HB, Yu Q, Liu C, Li C, Fu Z, Zhang L, Chen J. Atmospheric Oxidation of Piperazine Initiated by ·Cl: Unexpected High Nitrosamine Yield. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9801-9809. [PMID: 30063348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine radicals (·Cl) initiated amine oxidation plays an important role for the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamine in the atmosphere. Piperazine (PZ) is considered as a potential atmospheric pollutant since it is an alternative solvent to monoethanolamine (MEA), a benchmark solvent in a leading CO2 capture technology. Here, we employed quantum chemical methods and kinetics modeling to investigate ·Cl-initiated atmospheric oxidation of PZ, particularly concerning the potential of PZ to form nitrosamine compared to MEA. Results showed that the ·Cl-initiated PZ reaction exclusively leads to N-center radicals (PZ-N) that mainly react with NO to produce nitrosamine in their further reaction with O2/NO. Together with the PZ + ·OH reaction, the PZ-N yield from PZ oxidation is still lower than that of the corresponding MEA reactions. However, the nitrosamine yield of PZ is higher than the reported value for MEA when [NO] is <5 ppb, a concentration commonly encountered in a polluted urban atmosphere. The unexpected high nitrosamine yield from PZ compared to MEA results from a more favorable reaction of N-center radicals with NO compared to O2. These findings show that the yield of N-center radicals cannot directly be used as a metric for the yield of the corresponding carcinogenic nitrosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhezheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and Climate , Aarhus University , Aarhus 8000 , Denmark
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130117 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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33
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Reaction of tert-Butylamine with OH Radicals in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4470-4480. [PMID: 29659281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of tert-butylamine (tBA), (CH3)3CNH2, was investigated in a detailed quantum chemistry study and in laboratory experiments at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Spain. The reaction was found to mainly proceed via hydrogen abstraction from the amino group, which in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x), generates tert-butylnitramine, (CH3)3CNHNO2, and acetone as the main reaction products. Acetone is formed via the reaction of tert-butylnitrosamine, (CH3)3CNHNO, and/or its isomer tert-butylhydroxydiazene, (CH3)3CN═NOH, with OH radicals, which yield nitrous oxide (N2O) and the (CH3)3Ċ radical. The latter is converted to acetone and formaldehyde. Minor predicted and observed reaction products include formaldehyde, 2-methylpropene, acetamide and propan-2-imine. The reaction in the EUPHORE chamber was accompanied by strong particle formation which was induced by an acid-base reaction between photochemically formed nitric acid and the reagent amine. The tert-butylaminium nitrate salt was found to be of low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 5.1 × 10-6 Pa at 298 K. The rate of reaction between tert-butylamine and OH radicals was measured to be 8.4 (±1.7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 305 ± 2 K and 1015 ± 1 hPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- IRCELYON, CNRS, University of Lyon , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
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34
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Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Witwicki M, Jerzykiewicz M, Jezierska J. Can Carbamates Undergo Radical Oxidation in the Soil Environment? A Case Study on Carbaryl and Carbofuran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14124-14134. [PMID: 29171253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radical oxidation of carbamate insecticides, namely carbaryl and carbofuran, was investigated with spectroscopic (electron paramagnetic resonance [EPR] and UV-vis) and theoretical (density functional theory [DFT] and ab initio orbital-optimized spin-component scaled MP2 [OO-SCS-MP2]) methods. The two carbamates were subjected to reaction with •OH, persistent DPPH• and galvinoxyl radical, as well as indigenous radicals of humic acids. The influence of fulvic acids on carbamate oxidation was also tested. The results obtained with EPR and UV-vis spectroscopy indicate that carbamates can undergo direct reactions with various radical species, oxidizing themselves into radicals in the process. Hence, they are prone to participate in the prolongation step of the radical chain reactions occurring in the soil environment. Theoretical calculations revealed that from the thermodynamic point of view hydrogen atom transfer is the preferred mechanism in the reactions of the two carbamates with the radicals. The activity of carbofuran was determined experimentally (using pseudo-first-order kinetics) and theoretically to be noticeably higher in comparison with carbaryl and comparable with gallic acid. The findings of this study suggest that the radicals present in soil can play an important role in natural remediation mechanisms of carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Grunwaldzka 53 St., Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University , 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Jerzykiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University , 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University , 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Xie HB, Ma F, Yu Q, He N, Chen J. Computational Study of the Reactions of Chlorine Radicals with Atmospheric Organic Compounds Featuring NHx–π-Bond (x = 1, 2) Structures. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1657-1665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory
of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education),
School of Environmental Science and Technology and ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory
of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education),
School of Environmental Science and Technology and ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory
of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education),
School of Environmental Science and Technology and ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ning He
- Key Laboratory
of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education),
School of Environmental Science and Technology and ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory
of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education),
School of Environmental Science and Technology and ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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