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Zheng T, Hou J, Wu T, Jin H, Dai Y, Xu J, Yang K, Lin D. Ferric Oxide Nanomaterials and Plant-Rhizobacteria Symbionts Cogenerate Iron Plaque for Removing Highly Chlorinated Contaminants in Dryland Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11063-11073. [PMID: 38869036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rhizosphere iron plaques derived from Fe-based nanomaterials (NMs) are a promising tool for sustainable agriculture. However, the requirement for flooded conditions to generate iron plaque limits the scope of the NM application. In this study, we achieved in situ Fenton oxidation of a highly chlorinated persistent organic pollutant (2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB101) through iron plaque mediated by the interaction between α-Fe2O3 NMs and plant-rhizobacteria symbionts under dryland conditions. Mechanistically, the coexistence of α-Fe2O3 NMs and Pseudomonas chlororaphis JD37 stimulated alfalfa roots to secrete acidic and reductive agents as well as H2O2, which together mediated the rhizosphere Fenton reaction and converted α-Fe2O3 NMs into iron plaque rich in Fe(II)-silicate. Further verifications reproduced the Fenton reaction in vitro using α-Fe2O3 NMs and rhizosphere compounds, confirming the critical role of •OH in the oxidative degradation of PCB101. Significant reductions in PCB101 content by 18.6%, 42.9%, and 23.2% were respectively found in stem, leaf, and soil after a 120-d treatment, proving the effectiveness of this NMs-plant-rhizobacteria technique for simultaneously safe crop production and soil remediation. These findings can help expand the potential applications of nanobio interaction and its mediated iron plaque generation for both agricultural practice and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunbu Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
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2
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Zheng A, Yuan Y, Xu L, Tang Y, Qin Q. Efficient biostimulation of microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by acetate and lactate under nitrate reducing conditions: Insights into dechlorination pathways and functional genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133775. [PMID: 38367444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial-catalyzed reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is largely affected by the indigenous sediment geochemical properties. In this study, the effects of nitrate on PCB dechlorination and microbial community structures were first investigated in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms. And biostimulation study was attempted supplementing acetate/lactate. PCB dechlorination was apparently inhibited under nitrate-reducing conditions. Lower PCB dechlorination rate and less PCB dechlorination extent were observed in nitrate amended sediment microcosms (T-N) than those in non-nitrate amended microcosms (T-1) during 66 weeks of incubation. The total PCB mass reduction in T-N was 17.6% lower than that in T-1. The flanked-para dechlorination was completely inhibited, while the ortho-flanked meta dechlorination was only partially inhibited in T-N. The 7.5 mM of acetate/lactate supplementation recovered PCB dechlorination by resuming ortho-flanked meta dechlorination. Repeated additions of lactate showed more effective biostimulation than acetate. Phylum Chloroflexi, containing most known PCB dechlorinators, was found to play a vital role on stability of the network structures. In T-N, putative dechlorinating Chloroflexi, Dehalococcoides and RDase genes rdh12, pcbA4, pcbA5 all declined. With acetate/lactate supplementation, Dehalococcoides grew by 1-2 orders of magnitude and rdh12, pcbA4, pcbA5 increased by 1-3 orders of magnitude. At Week 66, parent PCBs declined by 86.4% and 80.9% respectively in T-N-LA and T-N-AC compared to 69.9% in T-N. These findings provide insights into acetate/lactate biostimulation as a cost-effective approach for treating PCB contaminated sediments undergoing nitrate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - An Zheng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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3
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Sun XF, Xu Y, Small MJ, Yaron D, Zeng EY. Modeled Pathways and Fluxes of PCB Dechlorination by Redox Potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5347-5356. [PMID: 38478968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Dechlorination is one of the main processes for the natural degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an anaerobic environment. However, PCB dechlorination pathways and products vary with PCB congeners, types of functional dechlorinating bacteria, and environmental conditions. The present study develops a novel model for determining dechlorination pathways and fluxes by tracking redox potential variability, transforming the complex dechlorination process into a stepwise sequence. The redox potential is calculated via the Gibbs free energy of formation, PCB concentrations in reactants and products, and environmental conditions. Thus, the continuous change in the PCB congener composition can be tracked during dechlorination processes. The new model is assessed against four measurements from several published studies on PCB dechlorination. The simulation errors in all four measurements are calculated between 2.67 and 35.1% under minimum (n = 0) and maximum (n = 34) numbers of co-eluters, respectively. The dechlorination fluxes for para-dechlorination pathways dominate PCB dechlorination in all measurements. Furthermore, the model also considers multiple-step dechlorination pathways containing intermediate PCB congeners absent in both the reactants and the products. The present study indicates that redox potential might be an appropriate indicator for predicting PCB dechlorination pathways and fluxes even without prior knowledge of the functional dechlorinating bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fei Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Mitchell J Small
- Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David Yaron
- Departments of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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4
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Chen C, Xu G, Rogers MJ, He J. Metabolic Synergy of Dehalococcoides Populations Leading to Greater Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2384-2392. [PMID: 38266236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are dioxin-like pollutants that cause persistent harm to life. Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) can detoxify PCBs via reductive dechlorination, but individual OHRB are potent in dechlorinating only specific PCB congeners, restricting the extent of PCB dechlorination. Moreover, the low biomass of OHRB frequently leads to the slow natural attenuation of PCBs at contaminated sites. Here we constructed defined microbial consortia comprising various combinations of PCB-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides strains (CG1, CG4, and CG5) to successfully enhance PCB dechlorination. Specifically, the defined consortia consisting of strains CG1 and CG4 removed 0.28-0.44 and 0.23-0.25 more chlorine per PCB from Aroclor1260 and Aroclor1254, respectively, compared to individual strains, which was attributed to the emergence of new PCB dechlorination pathways in defined consortia. Notably, different Dehalococcoides populations exhibited similar growth when cocultivated, but temporal differences in the expression of PCB reductive dehalogenase genes indicated their metabolic synergy. Bioaugmentation with individual strains (CG1, CG4, and CG5) or defined consortia led to greater PCB dechlorination in wetland sediments, and augmentation with the consortium comprising strains CG1 and CG4 resulted in the greatest PCB dechlorination. These findings collectively suggest that simultaneous application of multiple Dehalococcoides strains, which catalyze complementary dechlorination pathways, is an effective strategy to accelerate PCB dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Guofang Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Matthew James Rogers
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Xu L, Tang Y, Liu S, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Qin Q, Fu D, Xu Y. Short-chain fatty acids facilitated long-term dechlorination of PCBs in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms: Evidence from PCB congener and microbial community analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139935. [PMID: 37619750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination hosts great promise as an in situ bioremediation strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination. However, the slow dechlorination in sediments limits natural attenuation. Short-chain fatty acids, as preferred carbon sources and electron donors for dechlorinating microorganisms, might stimulate PCB dechlorination. Herein, two sets of short-chain fatty acids, sole acetate and a fatty acid mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), were amended periodically into Taihu Lake (China) sediment microcosms containing nine PCB congeners (PCB5, 12, 64, 71, 105, 114, 149, 153, and 170) after 24 weeks of incubation. Short-chain fatty acids facilitated the long-term PCB dechlorination and the promoting effect of the fatty acid mixture compared favorably with that of sole acetate. By the end of 108 weeks, the total PCB mass concentrations in acetate amended and fatty acid mixture amended microcosms significantly declined by 7.6% and 10.3% compared with non-amended microcosms (P < 0.05), respectively. Short-chain fatty acids selectively favored the removal of flanked meta and single-flanked para chlorines. Notably, a rare ortho dechlorination pathway, PCB25 (24-3-CB) to PCB13 (3-4-CB), was enhanced. Supplementary fatty acids significantly increased reductive dehalogenases (RDase) gene pcbA5 instead of improving the growth of Dehalococcoides. These findings highlight the merits of low cost short-chain fatty acids on in situ biostimulation in treating PCBs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Water Affairs Bureau of Nanjing Pukou District, Nanjing, 211899, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Resuscitation-Promoting Factor Accelerates Enrichment of Highly Active Tetrachloroethene/Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Dechlorinating Cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0195122. [PMID: 36629425 PMCID: PMC9888273 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01951-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is largely impeded by difficulties in massively enriching PCB dechlorinators in short periods of time. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) is often utilized as an alternative electron acceptor to preenrich PCB-dechlorinating bacteria. In this study, resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf) was used as an additive to enhance the enrichment of the microbial communities involved in PCE/PCBs dechlorination. The results indicated that Rpf accelerates PCE dechlorination 3.8 to 5.4 times faster than control cultures. In Aroclor 1260-fed cultures, the amendment of Rpf enables significantly more rapid and extensive dechlorination of PCBs. The residual high-chlorinated PCB congeners (≥5 Cl atoms) accounted for 36.7% and 59.8% in the Rpf-amended cultures and in the corresponding controls, respectively. This improvement was mainly attributed to the enhanced activity of the removal of meta-chlorines (47.7 mol % versus 14.7 mol %), which did not appear to affect dechlorination pathways. The dechlorinators, including Dehalococcoides in Chloroflexi and Desulfitobacterium in Firmicutes, were greatly enriched via Rpf amendment. The abundance of nondechlorinating populations, including Methanosarcina, Desulfovibrio, and Bacteroides, was also greatly enhanced via Rpf amendment. These results suggest that Rpf serves as an effective additive for the rapid enrichment of active dechlorinating cultures so as to provide a new approach by which to massively cultivate bioinoculants for accelerated in situ anaerobic bioremediation. IMPORTANCE The resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf) of Micrococcus luteus has been reported to resuscitate and stimulate the growth of functional microorganisms that are involved in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the role of Rpf on anaerobic microbial populations. In this study, the enhancement of Rpf on the anaerobic microbial dechlorination of PCE/PCBs was discovered. Additionally, the Rpf-responsive populations underlying the enhanced dechlorination were uncovered. This report reveals the rapid enrichment of active dechlorinating cultures via Rpf amendment, and this sheds light on massively enriching PCB dechlorinators in short periods of time. The enhanced in situ anaerobic bioremediation of PCBs could be expected by supplementing Rpf.
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Dutta N, Usman M, Ashraf MA, Luo G, Zhang S. A critical review of recent advances in the bio-remediation of chlorinated substances by microbial dechlorinators. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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8
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Xu L, Liu S, Tang Y, Han X, Wang Y, Fu D, Qin Q, Xu Y. Long-Term Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Taihu Lake Sediment Microcosms: Identification of New Pathways, PCB-Driven Shifts of Microbial Communities, and Insights into Dechlorination Potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:938-950. [PMID: 34958198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is regarded as an alternative approach for in situ remediation and detoxification in the environment. To better understand the process of PCB dechlorination in freshwater lake sediment, a long-term (108 weeks) dechlorination study was performed in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms with nine parent PCB congeners (PCB5, 12, 64, 71, 105, 114, 149, 153, and 170). Within 108 weeks, the total PCBs declined by 32.8%, while parent PCBs declined by 84.8%. PCB dechlorinators preferred to attack meta- and para-chlorines, principally para-flanked meta and single-flanked para chlorines. A total of 58 dechlorination pathways were observed, and 20 of them were not in 8 processes, suggesting the broad spectrum of PCB dechlorination in the environment. Rare ortho dechlorination was confirmed to target the unflanked ortho chlorine, indicating a potential for complete dechlorination. PCBs drove the shifts of the microbial community structures, and putative dechlorinating bacteria were growth-linked to PCB dechlorination. The distinct jump of RDase genes ardA, rdh12, pcbA4, and pcbA5 was found to be consistent with the commencement of dechlorination. The maintained high level of putative dechlorinating phylum Chloroflexi (including Dehalococcoides and o-17/DF-1), genus Dehalococcoides, and four RDase genes at the end of incubation revealed the long-term dechlorination potential. This work provided insights into dechlorination potential for long-term remediation strategies at PCB-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuexin Han
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
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Xu Y, Tang Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu Z, Qin Q. Effects of iron-carbon materials on microbial-catalyzed reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms: Enhanced chlorine removal, detoxification and shifts of microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148454. [PMID: 34465049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron particles (nZVI, 0.09 wt%), micro zero-valent iron particles (mZVI, 0.09 wt%), granular activated carbon (GAC, 3.03 wt%), GAC supported nZVI (nZVI/GAC, 3.12 wt%) and nZVI&GAC (nZVI 0.09 wt%, GAC 3.03 wt%) were evaluated for their effects on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) anaerobic reductive dechlorination, detoxification, as well as microbial community structure in Taihu Lake (China) sediment microcosms. The results showed that all of these five materials could stimulate PCBs reductive dechlorination, especially for dioxin-like PCB congeners, and nZVI&GAC had the best removal effect on PCBs. The reduction of total PCBs increased from 13.5% to 33.2%. H2 generated by zero-valent iron corrosion was utilized by organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) to enhance the dechlorination of PCBs predominantly via meta chlorine removal in the short term. The addition of ZVI had little impact on the total bacterial abundance and the microbial community structure. The adsorption of GAC and potential bioremediation properties of attached biofilm could promote the long-term removal of PCBs. GAC, nZVI/GAC, nZVI&GAC had different influences on the microbial structure. These findings provide insights into the biostimulation technique for in situ remediations of PCBs contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Valizadeh S, Lee SS, Baek K, Choi YJ, Jeon BH, Rhee GH, Andrew Lin KY, Park YK. Bioremediation strategies with biochar for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-contaminated soils: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111757. [PMID: 34303678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are hazardous organic contaminants threatening human health and environmental safety due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. Biochar (BC) is an eco-friendly carbonaceous material that can extensively be utilized for the remediation of PCBs-contaminated soils. In the last decade, many studies reported that BC is beneficial for soil quality enhancement and agricultural productivity based on its physicochemical characteristics. In this review, the potential of BC application in PCBs-contaminated soils is elaborated as biological strategies (e.g., bioremediation and phytoremediation) and specific mechanisms are also comprehensively demonstrated. Further, the synergy effects of BC application on PCBs-contaminated soils are discussed, in view of eco-friendly, beneficial, and productive aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Valizadeh
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment & Energy (BK21 FOUR) and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chitsaz M, Fennell DE, Rodenburg LA. Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls to Upper Hudson River sediment post-dredging. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127438. [PMID: 32585460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Upper Hudson River (UHR) has been contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) since the 1940s due to the manufacture of capacitors at two plants near Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, NY by General Electric (GE). Dredging of portions of the UHR was conducted from 2009 to 2015 as a partial remedy for this contamination. In 2017, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation undertook a comprehensive post-dredging survey of sediment contamination in the UHR. Thousands of samples were collected, and 130 of these were analyzed for PCBs using EPA method 1668A. This data set was analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization. Six factors were observed. One factor resembled the dominant Aroclors used by GE with little alteration. Three factors represented different pathways and/or extents of microbial dechlorination. One factor resembled a mixture of microbial dechlorination products and a higher molecular weight Aroclor used by GE. The congener patterns of the dechlorination factors suggest that removal of chlorines at the ortho position does occur in the UHR sediment, in agreement with several laboratory studies showing that such ortho dechlorination is possible. This ortho dechlorination could theoretically lead to complete dechlorination of PCBs to biphenyl in UHR sediment. Only one factor was not attributable to GE. It represents inputs of PCBs from tributaries and urban areas and explains 1.7% of the PCB mass in the sediments. The small contribution from the non-GE PCB source suggests that recontamination of the sediment after dredging was minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Chitsaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Donna E Fennell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lisa A Rodenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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12
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Xiao Z, Jiang W, Chen D, Xu Y. Bioremediation of typical chlorinated hydrocarbons by microbial reductive dechlorination and its key players: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110925. [PMID: 32800212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in soils and groundwater has a severe negative impact on the human health. Microbial reductive dechlorination is a major degradation pathway of chlorinated hydrocarbon in anaerobic subsurface environments, has been extensively studied. Recent progress on the diversity of the reductive dechlorinators and the key enzymes of chlororespiration has been well reviewed. Here, we present a thorough overview of the studies related to bioremediation of chloroethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls based on enhanced in situ reductive dechlorination. The major part of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of functional microorganisms which are either detected during in situ biostimulation or applied in bioaugmentation strategies. The applied biostimulants and corresponding reductive dechlorination products are also summarized and the future research needs are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Xiao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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13
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Erickson MD. Environmental PCB forensics: processes and issues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8926-8937. [PMID: 31919816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PCB forensic science is the process of identifying the source(s) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at a site in the context of a legal proceeding to aid in identifying the party(s) responsible for the cost of environmental remediation. The PCB forensic scientist should assemble and examine all the evidence and then develop opinions about sources, discharges, deposition, fate, transport, environmental impact, and other issues at dispute among the parties. PCBs are complex mixtures of compounds (Aroclors in USA) that can simultaneously reveal information about the source of the contamination, but also provide confounding and contradictory evidence. The issues are technically complex and the expert must systematically evaluate the facts, employ deep technical expertise, and use dispassionate judgment to provide expert opinions that assist the judge, jury, arbitrator, or allocator in rendering their decision as to the responsible party(s) or an apportionment of that responsibility. Different PCB products were used and disposed of that have characteristic congener mixture profiles. In the environment, these profiles can mix and weather over decades. Sampling and analysis can generate further uncertainties, notably the possible misidentification of Aroclors. The expert's challenge is to present their opinions clearly and authoritatively without overrepresenting the facts and data. This paper focuses on PCB contamination of sediment in aqueous sediment and uses a case study to illustrate application of forensic principles.
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Xu Y, Gregory KB, VanBriesen JM. Reduction in sulfate inhibition of microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hudson and Grasse River sediments through fatty acid supplementation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:81-91. [PMID: 31170587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic sediments may reduce the need for dredging for remediation. To better understand this biotransformation route under different geochemical conditions, the influence of sulfate on dechlorination in sediments from the Hudson River and the Grasse River spiked with two PCB mixtures (PCB 5/12, 64/71, 105/114 and 149/153/170 in Mixture 1 and PCB 5/12, 64/71, 82/97/99, 144/170 in Mixture 2) was investigated. The results showed that PCB dechlorination was partially inhibited in the sulfate-amended sediment microcosms. The rate, extent and preference of dechlorination were mainly controlled by the indigenous differences (sulfate, carbon content etc.) in sediment, but also affected by the PCB mixture composition. An increase of Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA genes coincided with the resumption of dechlorination. Dechlorination preferences were identified using a modified dechlorination pathway analysis approach. The low carbon content and high background sulfate Hudson sediment exhibited more para dechlorination targeting flanked para chlorines. The high carbon content and low background sulfate Grasse sediment preferentially removed more para-flanked meta chlorines than flanked para chlorines. The supplementation of fatty acids (acetate or a mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate) dramatically increased PCB dechlorination in the Grasse sediment by resuming ortho-flanked meta dechlorination. Rare ortho removals were found in the Grasse sediment after adding fatty acids. This study suggests that supplementary fatty acids might be used to stimulate PCB dechlorination under sulfate reducing conditions, but the effectiveness largely depends on sediment geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213-3890, PA, United States.
| | - Kelvin B Gregory
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213-3890, PA, United States.
| | - Jeanne M VanBriesen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213-3890, PA, United States.
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15
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Kaya D, Sowers KR, Demirtepe H, Stiell B, Baker JE, Imamoglu I, Kjellerup BV. Assessment of PCB contamination, the potential for in situ microbial dechlorination and natural attenuation in an urban watershed at the East Coast of the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:154-165. [PMID: 31129325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediment contamination is a major environmental issue in many urban watersheds and coastal areas due to the potential toxic effects of contaminants on biota and human health. Characterizing and delineating areas of sediment contamination and toxicity are important goals of coastal resource management in terms of ecological and economical perspectives. Core and surficial sediment samples were collected from an industrialized urban watershed at the East Coast of the United Stated and analyzed to evaluate the PCB contamination profile and toxicity resulting from dioxin-like PCBs as well as reductive dechlorination potential of indigenous PCB halorespiring bacteria through dechlorination activity assays. To support the experimental results an anaerobic dechlorination model was applied to identify microbial dechlorination pathways. The total PCB concentration in core samples ranged from 3.9 to 225.6 ng/g·dry weight (dw) decreasing with depth compared to 353.2 to 1213.7 ng/g·dw in surficial samples. The results of this study indicated an increase in PCB contamination over the last century as the industrial activity intensified. The toxicity resulting from dioxin-like PCBs was reduced up to 94% in core samples via 21 pathways resulting from the dechlorination model. Dechlorination rates in surficial sediment were between 1.8 and 13.2 · 10-3 mol% PCB116/day, while lower rates occurred in the core sediment samples. Dechlorination was achieved mainly through meta followed by para dechlorination. However, the rarer ortho dechlorination was also observed. Detection of indigenous PCB dechlorinating bacteria in the sediments and reduction of toxicity indicated potential for natural attenuation when point and nonpoint source PCBs in the urban watershed are controlled and PCB loading reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kaya
- University of Maryland College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1146 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Hale Demirtepe
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Joel E Baker
- University of Washington Tacoma, The Center for Urban Waters, 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, WA 98402-3100, USA
| | - Ipek Imamoglu
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birthe V Kjellerup
- University of Maryland College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1146 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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16
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Lou Z, Li Y, Zhou J, Yang K, Liu Y, Baig SA, Xu X. TiC doped palladium/nickel foam cathode for electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-DCBA: Enhanced electrical conductivity and reactive activity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:148-159. [PMID: 30236935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium carbide (TiC) with excellent electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal stabilities has been recognized as one of the most promising electrocatalysts. A novel cathode, titanium carbide doped palladium/nickel foam (TiC-Pd/Ni foam), was synthesized via electroless deposition to improve the performance of Pd/Ni foam in electrocatlytic hydrodechlorination (ECH). TiC can be co-precipitated onto the surface of cathode during galvanic replacement reaction between Pd(II) solution and Ni foam. Both constant potential and constant current tests proved that TiC-Pd/Ni foam cathode performed remarkably higher activity for 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,4-DCBA) than Pd/Ni foam cathode, owing to the excellent conductivity of TiC and enhanced water dissociation over TiC-Pd/Ni foam cathode. Under the optimized reaction conditions of -0.85 V (vs Ag/AgCl), electrolyte of 10 mM and initial pH of 4, 99.8% of aqueous 2,4-DCBA (0.2 mM) was removed within 90 min. The removal process of the aqueous 2,4-DCBA obeyed first-order decay kinetic model. Over 86.3% of 2,4-DCBA can still be removed by TiC-Pd/Ni foam cathode in the fifth consecutive run within 120 min, which was much higher than that of Pd/Ni foam cathode (37.5%). Consequently, TiC-Pd/Ni foam cathode was a promising design for enhanced ECH activity and reduced operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimo Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlun Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shams Ali Baig
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Xu Y, Gregory KB, VanBriesen JM. Effects of Ferric Oxyhydroxide on Anaerobic Microbial Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Hudson and Grasse River Sediment Microcosms: Dechlorination Extent, Preferences, Ortho Removal, and Its Enhancement. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1574. [PMID: 30079053 PMCID: PMC6062599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been observed in many PCB-impacted sediments. However, this biodegradation is relatively site-specific and can be affected by PCB compositions and sediment geochemical conditions. To better understand the influence of a common competing electron acceptor, ferric oxyhydroxide (FeOOH), on dechlorination, two sediments (Hudson River and Grasse River sediments), and two PCB mixtures (PCB 5/12, 64/71, 105/114, and 149/153/170 in Mixture 1 and PCB 5/12, 64/71, 82/97/99, 144/170 in Mixture 2) were used for this microcosm study. The addition of 40 mmole/kg FeOOH completely inhibited PCB dechlorination in the Hudson sediment, but only moderately inhibited PCB dechlorination in the Grasse sediment with a 3-week longer lag time. The inhibitory effect in the Grasse sediment was mainly due to the loss of unflanked para dechlorination activity. Fe(II) analysis showed that dechlorination started prior to the consumption of Fe(III), which indicates PCB reduction and Fe(III) reduction were able to take place concurrently. Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA genes increased with the commencement of dechlorination in the Grasse sediment, but not in the completely inhibited Hudson sediment. Rare ortho dechlorination pathways were identified in FeOOH-amended Grasse sediment microcosms, dominated by transformations of PCB 25(24-3-CB) to PCB 13(3-4-CB) and PCB 28(24-4-CB) to PCB 15(4-4-CB). The addition of carbon sources (acetate or a fatty acid mixture with acetate, propionate, and butyrate) after 27 weeks of incubation reinitiated dechlorination in FeOOH-amended Hudson sediment microcosms. Also, the addition of carbon sources greatly enhanced ortho dechlorination in FeOOH-amended Grasse microcosms, indicating the utilization of acetate and/or the fatty acid mixture for ortho dechlorination-related microorganisms. A dechlorination pathway analysis approach revealed that para-flanked meta dechlorination was primarily preferred followed by ortho-/double-flanked meta dechlorination and single-/double-flanked para dechlorination in the Grasse sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelvin B. Gregory
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeanne M. VanBriesen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Kaya D, Imamoglu I, Sanin FD, Sowers KR. A comparative evaluation of anaerobic dechlorination of PCB-118 and Aroclor 1254 in sediment microcosms from three PCB-impacted environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 341:328-335. [PMID: 28800567 PMCID: PMC5593791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 (A1254) is the most toxic commercial PCB mixture produced, primarily due to its relatively high concentrations of dioxin-like congeners. This study demonstrates a comparative evaluation of dechlorination of A1254 and PCB-118 by indigenous organohalide respiring bacteria enriched from three PCB impacted sites: Grasse River (GR), NY; Fox River (FR), WI; and Baltimore Harbor (BH), MD. PCB-118 dechlorination rates in GR, BH, and FR was 0.0308, 0.015, and 0.0006 Cl-/biphenyl/day, respectively. A1254 dechlorination rates in GR, FR, and BH were 0.0153, 0.0144, and 0.0048 Cl-/biphenyl/day, respectively. A1254 dechlorination was achieved through the removal of doubly-/singly-flanked chlorines in meta and para positions of mostly penta- followed by hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners by 88%, 69%, and 51% in GR, and 88%, 87%, and 83% in FR, respectively, while in BH mostly hepta- (70%) followed by hexa-chlorinated congeners (66%) were dechlorinated. A previously developed Anaerobic Dechlorination Model (ADM) quantified a total of 17 toxicity-related dechlorination pathways in all three sediment microcosms. The toxic equivalency of A1254 based on seven dioxin-like congeners decreased by about 53%, 45% and 21%, in GR, FR and BH microcosms, respectively. The dechlorination products were generally tetra- and tri-chlorinated congeners with unflanked chlorines, all of which is susceptible to further degradation by aerobic bacteria. Concerning the toxic congeners, ADM can be useful to initiate further research focusing on the stimulation of the toxicity reducing pathways for risk assessment and effective remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ipek Imamoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Dilek Sanin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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