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Kristiansen SM, Leinaas HP, van Gestel CAM, Borgå K. Thermal adaptation affects the temperature-dependent toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to soil invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173845. [PMID: 38871314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change since their biological rates depend on the ambient temperature. As temperature may interact with toxicant exposure, climate change may cause unpredictable responses to toxic stress. A population's thermal adaptation will impact its response to temperature change, but also to interactive effects from temperature and toxicants, but these effects are still not fully understood. Here, we assessed the combined effects of exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid across the temperatures 10-25 °C of two populations of the Collembola Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872), by determining their responses in multiple life history traits. The con-specific populations differ considerably in thermal adaptations; one (arctic) is a temperature generalist, while the other (temperate) is a warm-adapted specialist. For both populations, the sub-lethal concentrations of imidacloprid became lethal with increasing temperature. Although the thermal maximum is higher for the warm-adapted population, the reduction in survival was stronger. Growth was reduced by imidacloprid in a temperature-dependent manner, but only at the adult life stage. The decrease in adult body size combined with the absence of an effect on the age at first reproduction suggests a selection on the timing of maturation. Egg production was reduced by imidacloprid in both populations, but the negative effect was only dependent on temperature in the warm-adapted population, with no effect at 10 °C, and decreases of 41 % at 15 °C, and 74 % at 20 °C. For several key traits, the population best adapted to utilize high temperatures was also the most sensitive to toxic stress at higher temperatures. It could be that by allocating more energy to faster growth, development, and reproduction at higher temperatures, the population had less energy for maintenance, making it more sensitive to toxic stress. Our findings demonstrate the need to take into account a population's thermal adaptation when assessing the interactive effects between temperature and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje M Kristiansen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hans P Leinaas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boolelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Liess M, Gröning J. Latent pesticide effects and their mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168368. [PMID: 37952673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Short pulses of toxicants can cause latent effects that occur long after the contamination event and are currently unpredictable. Here, we introduce an analytical framework for mechanistically predicting latent effects considering interactive effects of multiple stressors and hormetic effect compensation. We conducted an extensive investigation using high temporal resolution microcosm data of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum exposed to the pyrethroid pesticide esfenvalerate for 1 h. For 6 pesticide concentrations and 3 food levels we identified daily general stress information and predicted their synergistic interactions using the Stress Addition Model (SAM). Our analysis revealed that, especially at low concentrations, latent effects contributed most to the overall effect. At low concentrations ranging from 1/100 to 1/10,000 of the acute LC50, resulting in a 30-15 % mortality, latent effects prevailed, accounting for 92 % to 100 % of the observed effects. Notably, the concentration causing 15 % mortality 29 days post-exposure was 1000 times lower than the concentration causing the same mortality 4 days post-exposure, emphasizing the time-dependent nature of this Latent-Effect-Amplification (LEA). We identified both acute mortality and latent effects of pesticides on emergence. Furthermore, we observed pesticide-induced compensation mechanisms at both individual and population levels, transforming the initial monotonic concentration-response relationship into a hormetic, tri-phasic response pattern. Combining these processes enabled a quantification of the underlying causes of latent effects. Our findings highlight that short-term pesticide exposures can lead to latent effects of particular significance, especially at low effect concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Gröning
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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3
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da Costa RL, Souza IC, Morozesk M, de Carvalho LB, Carvalho CDS, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN, Monteiro DA. Toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and bioaccumulative effects of metal mixture from settleable particulate matter on American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122846. [PMID: 37926415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are more susceptible to environmental stressors than other vertebrates due to their semipermeable skin and physiological adaptations to living in very specific microhabitats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a metal mixture from settleable particulate matter (SePM) released from metallurgical industries on Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. Endpoints analyzed included metal bioconcentration, morphological (biometrical indices), hematological parameters (hemoglobin and blood cell count), and erythrocyte DNA damage (genotoxicity and mutagenicity). American bullfrog tadpoles (Gosner's stage 25) were kept under control condition (no contaminant addition) or exposed to a sub-lethal and environmentally relevant concentration (1 g.L-1) of SePM for 96 h. Tadpoles exposed to SePM exhibited elevated whole blood levels of Fe56, AL, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ti, Rb, V, Ce, La, Ag, As. SePM-exposed tadpoles showed a significant decrease in condition factor (12%) and increases in hepatosomatic index (25%), hemoglobin concentration (17%), and total leukocytes (82%), thrombocytes (90%), and monocytes (78%) abundance. In addition, exposed tadpoles showed higher MN and ENAs (340 and 140%, respectively) frequencies, and erythrocyte DNA damage with approximately 1.2- to 1.8-fold increases in comet parameters. Taken together, these results suggest that the multimetal mixture found in SePM is potentially genotoxic and mutagenic to L. catesbeianus tadpoles, induces stress associated with hematological changes, and negatively affects growth. Although such contamination occurs at sublethal levels, regulatory standards are needed to control the emission of SePM and protect amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Luiza da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCAm), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil
| | - Iara Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Morozesk
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Beserra de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCAm), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- ICYTAC, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Dpto. Qca. Orgánica, Fac. Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- ICYTAC, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Dpto. Qca. Orgánica, Fac. Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhan C, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhao Y, Peng Y. Effects of the toxic metal zinc on the growth, development, and reproduction of the wolf spider Pardosa laura through its food Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140425. [PMID: 37832889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, toxic metal pollution has become a serious problem, and its influence on human society and the ecological environment has become a hot topic for people. Toxic metal pollution is ubiquitous in the environment, and it can affect the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms through food chain transmission. In this study, we used ZnSO4 and set three different Zn concentrations [0 mg/mL (CK), 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.50 mg/mL] to study the enrichment of toxic zinc metal in the wolf spider Pardosa laura through the food chain (medium-Drosophila melanogaster-P. laura) and the effects on the growth, development, and reproduction of D. melanogaster and P. laura. The results of the study showed that the Zn content in D. melanogaster and P. laura significantly increased with the increase of Zn concentration in the culture medium, reflecting the obvious food chain enrichment phenomenon. The inhibitory effect of zinc treatment on the growth, development, and reproduction of D. melanogaster was significant and more pronounced with increasing Zn concentration. The transfer of zinc through the food chain also had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth, development, and reproduction of P. laura. The developmental duration and preoviposition period were significantly prolonged. Moreover, the survival rate, body size, and egg laying amount were significantly reduced. This study will enrich and improve the research on the effects of toxic Zn metal pollution on spiders and provide a theoretical basis for monitoring and evaluating the environmental quality using farmland spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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5
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Ács A, Komáromy A, Kovács AW, Fodor I, Somogyvári D, Győri J, Farkas A. Temperature related toxicity features of acute acetamiprid and thiacloprid exposure in Daphnia magna and implications on reproductive performance. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109601. [PMID: 36906245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential for elevated temperature to alter the toxicity of acetamiprid (ACE) and thiacloprid (Thia) in the ecotoxicity model Daphnia magna. The modulation of CYP450 monooxygenases (ECOD), ABC transporter activity (MXR) and incident cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction was screened in premature daphnids following acute (48 h) exposure to sublethal concentrations of ACE and Thia (0.1-, 1.0 μM) at standard 21 °C and elevated 26 °C temperatures. Delayed outcomes of acute exposures were further evaluated based on the reproduction performance of daphnids monitored over 14 days of recovery. Exposures to ACE and Thia at 21o C elicited moderate induction of ECOD activity, pronounced inhibition of MXR activity and severe ROS overproduction in daphnids. In the high thermal regime, treatments resulted in significantly lower induction of ECOD activity and inhibition of MXR activity, suggesting a suppressed metabolism of neonicotinoids and less impaired membrane transport activity in daphnids. Elevated temperature on its own, caused a three-fold rise in ROS levels in control daphnids, while ROS overproduction upon neonicotinoid exposure was less accentuated. Acute exposures to ACE and Thia caused significant decreases also in the reproduction of daphnids, indicating delayed outcomes even at environmentally relevant concentrations. Both the cellular alterations in exposed daphnids and decreases in their reproductive output post exposures evidenced closely similar toxicity patterns and potentials for the two neonicotinoids. While elevated temperature elicited only a shift in baseline cellular alterations evoked by neonicotinoids, it significantly worsened the reproductive performance of daphnids following neonicotinoid exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Ács
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - András Komáromy
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Attila W Kovács
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - István Fodor
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Dávid Somogyvári
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - János Győri
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Anna Farkas
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
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6
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Jorissen S, Janssens L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Synergistic survival-related effects of larval exposure to an aquatic pollutant and food stress get stronger during and especially after metamorphosis and shape fitness of terrestrial adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121471. [PMID: 36958652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve the ecological risk assessment of aquatic pollutants it is needed to study their effects not only in the aquatic larval stage, but also in the terrestrial adult stage of the many animals with a complex life cycle. This remains understudied, especially with regard to interactive effects between aquatic pollutants and natural abiotic stressors. We studied effects of exposure to the pesticide DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) and how these were modulated by limited food availability in the aquatic larvae, and the possible delayed effects in the terrestrial adults of the damselfly Lestes viridis. Our results revealed that DNP and low food each had large negative effects on the life history, behaviour and to a lesser extent on the physiology of not only the larvae, but also the adults. Food limitation magnified the negative effects of DNP as seen by a strong decline in larval survival, metamorphosis success and adult lifespan. Notably, the synergism between the aquatic pollutant and food limitation for survival-related traits was stronger in the non-exposed adults than in the exposed larvae, likely because metamorphosis is stressful itself. Our results highlight that identifying effects of aquatic pollutants and synergisms with natural abiotic stressors, not only in the aquatic larval but also in the terrestrial adult stage, is crucial to fully assess the ecological impact of aquatic pollutants and to reveal the impact on the receiving terrestrial ecosystem through a changed aquatic-terrestrial subsidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jorissen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Mack L, de la Hoz CF, Penk M, Piggott J, Crowe T, Hering D, Kaijser W, Aroviita J, Baer J, Borja A, Clark DE, Fernández-Torquemada Y, Kotta J, Matthaei CD, O'Beirn F, Paerl HW, Sokolowski A, Vilmi A, Birk S. Perceived multiple stressor effects depend on sample size and stressor gradient length. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119260. [PMID: 36279611 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors are continuously deteriorating surface waters worldwide, posing many challenges for their conservation and restoration. Combined effect types of multiple stressors range from single-stressor dominance to complex interactions. Identifying prevalent combined effect types is critical for environmental management, as it helps to prioritise key stressors for mitigation. However, it remains unclear whether observed single and combined stressor effects reflect true ecological processes unbiased by sample size and length of stressor gradients. Therefore, we examined the role of sample size and stressor gradient lengths in 158 paired-stressor response cases with over 120,000 samples from rivers, lakes, transitional and marine ecosystems around the world. For each case, we split the overall stressor gradient into two partial gradients (lower and upper) and investigated associated changes in single and combined stressor effects. Sample size influenced the identified combined effect types, and stressor interactions were less likely for cases with fewer samples. After splitting gradients, 40 % of cases showed a change in combined effect type, 30 % no change, and 31 % showed a loss in stressor effects. These findings suggest that identified combined effect types may often be statistical artefacts rather than representing ecological processes. In 58 % of cases, we observed changes in stressor effect directions after the gradient split, suggesting unimodal stressor effects. In general, such non-linear responses were more pronounced for organisms at higher trophic levels. We conclude that observed multiple stressor effects are not solely determined by ecological processes, but also strongly depend on sampling design. Observed effects are likely to change when sample size and/or gradient length are modified. Our study highlights the need for improved monitoring programmes with sufficient sample size and stressor gradient coverage. Our findings emphasize the importance of adaptive management, as stress reduction measures or further ecosystem degradation may change multiple stressor-effect relationships, which will then require associated changes in management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Mack
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany.
| | - Camino Fernández de la Hoz
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain; Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcin Penk
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Tasman Crowe
- Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Hering
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Willem Kaijser
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany
| | - Jukka Aroviita
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan Baer
- Fisheries Research Station Baden-Württemberg, Langenargen, Germany
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain; Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, USA
| | - Adam Sokolowski
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Annika Vilmi
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Oulu, Finland
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany
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8
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Zamora-Camacho FJ, Zambrano-Fernández S, Aragón P. Carryover effects of chronic exposure to ammonium during the larval stage on post-metamorphic frogs. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106196. [PMID: 35598377 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination poses an important challenge to aquatic fauna, including well-documented effects on amphibian larvae. However, little is known about how contamination during the larval stages may affect post-metamorphic phases, or whether resistance may have evolved in some populations. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to ammonium (a common contaminant in agroecosystems with confirmed effects on anuran tadpoles) during the larval stage of Pelophylax perezi frogs would affect growth and locomotor performance of metamorph, juvenile, subadult and adult stages. We also predicted that the effects of ammonium would be milder in offspring originated from parental agroecosystem frogs than those originating from forests. We compared tadpoles from both habitats either reared in untreated water or chronically exposed to ammonium. We found that exposure to ammonium during the larval stage inflicted effects on morphology (different measures of body size) and swimming speed after metamorphosis until adulthood. However, these effects were not always consistent through post-metamorphic stages and the effects differed as a function of treatment and habitat. In adults, body size and condition were greater in non-ammonium and ammonium exposed individuals, respectively. These differences were not detectable in metamorphs, for which only ammonium-exposed individuals from agroecosystem showed reduced body size in intermediate post-metamorphic stages. In turn, treatment reduced jumping distance only in agroecosystem adults, subadults and juveniles, which was opposite to the trend observed just after metamorphosis. These changes of patterns throughout the ontogeny of P. perezi could be due to processes such as compensatory growth, delayed energy costs derived from it, or early sexual differences that could be present even before they can be accounted for. In summary, this study suggests that exposure to ammonium during larval stages can result in diverse biological and long-term outcomes in later life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 2, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Pedro Aragón
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
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9
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Orr JA, Luijckx P, Arnoldi JF, Jackson AL, Piggott JJ. Rapid evolution generates synergism between multiple stressors: Linking theory and an evolution experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1740-1752. [PMID: 33829610 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change encompasses many co-occurring anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the interactions between these multiple stressors, whether they be additive, antagonistic or synergistic, is critical for ecosystem managers when prioritizing which stressors to mitigate in the face of global change. While such interactions between stressors appear prevalent, it remains unclear if and how these interactions change over time, as the majority of multiple-stressor studies rarely span multiple generations of study organisms. Although meta-analyses have reported some intriguing temporal trends in stressor interactions, for example that synergism may take time to emerge, the mechanistic basis for such observations is unknown. In this study, by analysing data from an evolution experiment with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus (~35 generations and 31,320 observations), we show that adaptation to multiple stressors shifts stressor interactions towards synergism. We show that trade-offs, where populations cannot optimally perform multiple tasks (i.e. adapting to multiple stressors), generate this bias towards synergism. We also show that removal of stressors from evolved populations does not necessarily increase fitness and that there is variation in the evolutionary trajectories of populations that experienced the same stressor regimes. Our results highlight outstanding questions at the interface between evolution and global change biology, and illustrate the importance of considering rapid adaptation when managing or restoring ecosystems subjected to multiple stressors under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Orr
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pepijn Luijckx
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-François Arnoldi
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Experimental and Theoretical Ecology Station, Moulis, France
| | - Andrew L Jackson
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Dinh KV, Doan KLU, Doan NX, Pham HQ, Le THO, Le MH, Vu MTT, Dahms HU, Truong KN. Parental exposures increase the vulnerability of copepod offspring to copper and a simulated marine heatwave. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117603. [PMID: 34147778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperatures from marine heatwaves (MHWs) and pollution are dominant stressors in tropical marine ecosystems. However, we know little about the role of transgenerational effects of metals and MHWs in shaping the offspring's vulnerability to these stressors. We addressed this fundamental knowledge gap by exposing the planktonic copepod Pseudodiaptomus incisus to copper (Cu: control, 15 and 60 μg L-1) under 2 temperatures (30 and a simulated marine heatwave at 34 °C) in the first generation (F1) and 16 treatments in F2: offspring from each of 4 F1 conditions (control or 15 μg Cu L-1 × 30 or 34 °C) was reared in 4 F2 conditions (control or 15 μg Cu L-1 × 30 or 34 °C). We assessed changes in copepod performance, particularly survival, adult size, grazing, and reproduction. In F1, Cu or marine heatwave (MHW) exposures reduced all fitness traits of F1; the effects were particularly strong when both stressors were present. Transgenerational effects of Cu or MHW also strongly reduced F2 performance. Direct Cu and MHW effects on the offspring were further strengthened by transgenerational effects, resulting in more substantial reductions in F2 performance when both generations were exposed to these stressors. As copepods are major food resources for corals, shrimps, or fish larvae and juveniles, strong transgenerational and direct effects of Cu and MHW can have a cascading effect on entire coastal food webs. These results highlight the importance of considering the interaction of transgenerational and direct effects of multiple stressors, particularly relevant for short-lived organisms in tropical marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong V Dinh
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam.
| | - Kha L U Doan
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Nam X Doan
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Q Pham
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hoang Oanh Le
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Hoang Le
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Minh T T Vu
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kiem N Truong
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, VNU Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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11
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Lambret P, Janssens L, Stoks R. The impact of salinity on a saline water insect: Contrasting survival and energy budget. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 131:104224. [PMID: 33736984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water salinity is a major driver of aquatic insects' distribution. Saline species are usually generalists with high survival and performance at both low and high salinity levels. Yet, costs of high salinity may be underestimated as these are most often measured in terms of larval life history traits, while effects of larval stressors may only be detectable when looking at physiological traits and traits in the adult stage. Here, we assessed the lethal and sublethal physiological effects of embryonic and larval exposure to a range of salinity levels in the damselfly Lestes macrostigma, both during and after metamorphosis. This species inhabits temporary freshwaters where salinity increases during the drying phase. Salinity had no effect on egg hatching success within the range 2-9.5 g/L sea salt (conductivity range 3.45-14.52 mS/cm). With increasing salinity (up to 16 g/L, 23.35 mS/cm), growth rate decreased and larvae took longer to emerge and did so at a smaller size. Larval survival to metamorphosis increased with salinity up to 8 g/L (12.45 mS/cm) and then declined at 16 g/L. Exposure to salinity in the larval stage had no effect across metamorphosis on both the adult thorax muscle mass and flight performance, and the investment in immune function. Increasing salinity in the larval stage also had no effect on the energy available but increased the energy consumption in the adult stage, resulting in a lower net energy budget. These negative sublethal effects of increasing salinity hence bridged metamorphosis and contrasted with the mortality data, suggesting that the higher mortality at the low salinity levels selected for larvae with the best body condition. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account other life-history and physiological traits, besides mortality, ideally across different life stages, to better understand and predict consequences of increasing salinization on freshwater insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lambret
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Carbonell JA, Wang YJ, Stoks R. Evolution of cold tolerance and thermal plasticity in life history, behaviour and physiology during a poleward range expansion. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1666-1677. [PMID: 33724470 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many species that are moving polewards encounter novel thermal regimes to which they have to adapt. Therefore, rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and of thermal plasticity in fitness-related traits in edge populations can be crucial for the success and speed of range expansions. We tested for adaptation in cold tolerance and in life history, behavioural and physiological traits and their thermal plasticity during a poleward range expansion. We reconstructed the thermal performance curves of life history (survival, growth and development rates), behaviour (food intake) and cold tolerance (chill coma recovery time) in the aquatic larval stage of the damselfly Ischnura elegans that is currently showing a poleward range expansion in northern Europe. We studied larvae from three edge and three core populations using a common-garden experiment. Consistent with the colder annual temperatures, larvae at the expansion front evolved an improved cold tolerance. The edge populations showed no overall (across temperatures) evolution of a faster life history that would improve their range-shifting ability. Moreover, consistent with damselfly edge populations from colder latitudes, edge populations evolved at the highest rearing temperature (28°C) a faster development rate, likely to better exploit the rare periods with higher temperatures. This was associated with a higher food intake and a lower metabolic rate. In conclusion, our results suggest that the edge populations rapidly evolved adaptive changes in trait means and thermal plasticity to the novel thermal conditions at the edge front. Our results highlight the importance of considering besides trait plasticity and the evolution of trait means, also the evolution of trait plasticity to improve forecasts of responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Allen J, Gross EM, Courcoul C, Bouletreau S, Compin A, Elger A, Ferriol J, Hilt S, Jassey VEJ, Laviale M, Polst BH, Schmitt-Jansen M, Stibor H, Vijayaraj V, Leflaive J. Disentangling the direct and indirect effects of agricultural runoff on freshwater ecosystems subject to global warming: A microcosm study. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116713. [PMID: 33302039 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors such as agricultural run-off (ARO) and climate-change related increase of temperature. We aimed to determine how ARO and the frequency of its input can affect shallow lake ecosystems through direct and indirect effects on primary producers and primary consumers, and whether warming can mitigate or reinforce the impact of ARO. We performed a set of microcosm experiments simulating ARO using a cocktail of three organic pesticides (terbuthylazine, tebuconazole, pirimicarb), copper and nitrate. Two experiments were performed to determine the direct effect of ARO on primary producers (submerged macrophytes, periphyton and phytoplankton) and on the grazing snail Lymnaea stagnalis, respectively. Three different ARO concentrations added as single doses or as multiple pulses at two different temperatures (22°C and 26°C) were applied. In a third experiment, primary producers and consumers were exposed together to allow trophic interactions. When functional groups were exposed alone, ARO had a direct positive effect on phytoplankton and a strong negative effect on L. stagnalis. When exposed together, primary producer responses were contrasting, as the negative effect of ARO on grazers led to an indirect positive effect on periphyton. Periphyton in turn exerted a strong control on phytoplankton, leading to an indirect negative effect of ARO on phytoplankton. Macrophytes showed little response to the stressors. Multiple pulse exposure increased the effect of ARO on L. stagnalis and periphyton when compared with the same quantity of ARO added as a single dose. The increase in temperature had only limited effects. Our results highlight the importance of indirect effects of stressors, here mediated by grazers and periphyton, and the frequency of the ARO input in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Allen
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | | | - Camille Courcoul
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Bouletreau
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arthur Compin
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Elger
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Laviale
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Bastian H Polst
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herwig Stibor
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Neff E, Dharmarajan G. The direct and indirect effects of copper on vector-borne disease dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116213. [PMID: 33302085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is a growing concern that affects the health of humans and animals globally. Copper is an essential insect micronutrient required for respiration, pigmentation and oxidative stress protection but can also act as a potentially toxic trace element. While several studies have focused on the negative fitness effects of copper on the aquatic larvae of mosquitoes, the effects of larval copper exposure on adult mosquito fitness (i.e., survival and fecundity) and their ability to transmit parasites (i.e., vector competence) remains unclear. Here, using a well-studied model vector-parasite system, the mosquito Aedes aegypti and parasite Dirofilaria immitis, we show that sublethal copper exposure in larval mosquitoes alters adult female fecundity and vector competence. Specifically, mosquitoes exposed to copper had a hormetic fecundity response and mosquitoes exposed to 600 μg/L of copper had significantly fewer infective parasite larvae than control mosquitoes not exposed to copper. Thus, exposure of mosquito larvae to copper levels far below EPA-mandated safe drinking water limits (1300 μg/L) can impact vector-borne disease dynamics not only by reducing mosquito abundance (through increased larval mortality), but also by reducing parasite transmission risk. Our results also demonstrated that larval copper is retained through metamorphosis to adulthood in mosquitoes, indicating that these insects could transfer copper from aquatic to terrestrial foodwebs, especially in urban areas where they are abundant. To our knowledge this is the first study to directly link metal exposure with vector competence (i.e., ability to transmit parasites) in any vector-parasite system. Additionally, it also demonstrates unequivocally that mosquitoes can transfer contaminants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. These results have broad implications for public health because they directly linking contaminants and vector-borne disease dynamics, as well as linking mosquitoes and contaminant dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Neff
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
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15
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Pham HT, Dinh KV, Nguyen CC, Quoc LB. Changes in the Magnitude of the Individual and Combined Effects of Contaminants, Warming, and Predators on Tropical Cladocerans across 11 Generations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15287-15295. [PMID: 33200939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A massive challenge in ecotoxicology is assessing how the interaction of contaminants, climate change, and biotic stressors shapes the structure and functions of natural populations. Furthermore, it is not known whether contemporary evolutionary responses to multiple stressors across multigenerations may alter the interaction of these stressors. To address these issues, we exposed Moina dubia to lead (Pb, 50 μg/L) under two temperatures (25 and 28 °C) with/without predator cues from climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) for 11 generations (F1-F11). We assessed changes in M. dubia fitness, including development time, adult size, lifespan, fecundity, and neonate production. We found strong negative effects of Pb, elevated temperature, and predator cues on the fitness of M. dubia. Strikingly, Pb-induced reduction in the performance of M. dubia was stronger at 25 °C and in the absence of predator cues. The individual and interactive effects of Pb, temperature, and predator cues on M. dubia were stronger across F1-F9 and generally leveled off in F10-F11. Our results highlight the high vulnerability of M. dubia to multiple stressors, thus weakening top-down control on algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. Our study underscores the importance of integrating evolutionary responses in realistic ecotoxicological risk assessments of contaminants interacting with climatic and biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Pham
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Cuong C Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
| | - Lap B Quoc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
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16
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Dinh KV, Nguyen QTT, Vo TMC, Bui TB, Dao TS, Tran DM, Doan NX, Truong TSH, Wisz MS, Nielsen TG, Vu MTT, Le MH. Interactive effects of extreme temperature and a widespread coastal metal contaminant reduce the fitness of a common tropical copepod across generations. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111509. [PMID: 32763562 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical coastal areas are increasingly exposed to temperature extremes from marine heatwaves and contaminants from anthropogenic activities. The interactive effects of these environmental changes on marine life are understudied. We investigated the direct and cross-generational effects of copper (Cu) on F0 and F1 generations of the common tropical copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei under extreme temperatures (30 and 34 °C). In F0, Cu exposure reduced survival and nauplii production; these patterns were more pronounced at 34 °C and in females. F0 Copepods produced more faecal pellets at 34 °C than 30 °C, indicating a higher energetic demand. In F1, the number of F1 adults was lower in CuF0 and at 34 °C. Cu-exposed F0 produced larger adult F1, while exposure to 34 °C resulted in smaller adult F1. Our results show that tropical copepods are highly vulnerable to the interactive effects of contaminants and extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong V Dinh
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam.
| | - Quyen T T Nguyen
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-My-Chi Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Ba Bui
- Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University - Hochiminh City, 142 To Hien Thanh St., Dist. 10, Hochiminh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Son Dao
- Hochiminh City University of Technology, VNU - HCM, Hochiminh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duc M Tran
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Nam X Doan
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Trinh S H Truong
- Institute of Oceanography, VAST, 01 Cau Da street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Mary S Wisz
- World Maritime University, Fiskehamnsgatan 1, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Minh T T Vu
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Hoang Le
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
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17
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Lidman J, Jonsson M, Berglund ÅMM. The effect of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contamination on aquatic insect community composition and metamorphosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139406. [PMID: 32464398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination of freshwater ecosystems is a great threat to aquatic insect communities. In the past, focus has been on the toxic effects on the insect larvae, despite emerging evidence showing that negative effects can occur during metamorphosis to adults. There is therefore a risk that traditional studies on insect larvae would underestimate effect from metals. In this study, we investigated the effect of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) on aquatic insect abundance, including metamorphosis and adult emergence at 9 lakes, near an abandoned Pb/Zn mine, with different Pb and Zn concentrations in sediment and water. Further, differences in response to metal contamination among taxa, and potential community composition changes, were also investigated. Total insect abundance was not affected by metal contamination, but Zn had a negative effect on metamorphosis and proportionally less adults emerged compared to larval abundance when the bioavailable Zn concentration in water increased. The opposite pattern was found for bioavailable Pb (negative effect on larvae but not on adult emergence). All studied insect groups had similar response to metal contamination, and no change in community structure towards dominance of more tolerant taxa was observed. Our study shows that it is important to include metamorphosis when metal toxicity is evaluated in aquatic insects, and that metals can have opposite and contradicting effects. Thus, although combined cocktail effects of metal mixtures are important to assess, effects of individual metals can be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lidman
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa M M Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Carbonell JA, Stoks R. Thermal evolution of life history and heat tolerance during range expansions toward warmer and cooler regions. Ecology 2020; 101:e03134. [PMID: 32691873 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Species' range edges are expanding to both warmer and cooler regions. Yet, no studies directly compared the changes in range-limiting traits within the same species during both types of range expansions. To increase our mechanistic understanding of range expansions, it is crucial to disentangle the contributions of plastic and genetic changes in these traits. The aim of this study was to test for plastic and evolutionary changes in heat tolerance, life history, and behavior, and compare these during range expansions toward warmer and cooler regions. Using laboratory experiments we reconstructed the thermal performance curves (TPCurves) of larval life history (survival, growth, and development rates) and larval heat tolerance (CTmax) across two recent range expansions from the core populations in southern France toward a warmer (southeastern Spain) and a cooler (northwestern Spain) region in Europe by the damselfly Ischnura elegans. First-generation larvae from field-collected mothers were reared across a range of temperatures (16°-28°C) in incubators. The range expansion to the warmer region was associated with the evolution of a greater ability to cope with high temperatures (increased mean and thermal plasticity of CTmax), faster development, and, in part, a faster growth, indicating a higher time constraints caused by a shorter time frame available for larval development associated with a transition to a greater voltinism. Our results thereby support the emerging pattern that plasticity in heat tolerance alone is inadequate to adapt to new thermal regimes. The range expansion to the cooler region was associated with faster growth indicating countergradient variation without a change in CTmax. The evolution of a faster growth rate during both range expansions could be explained by a greater digestive efficiency rather than an increased food intake. Our results highlight that range expansions to warmer and cooler regions can result in similar evolutionary changes in the TPCurves for life history, and no opposite changes in heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.,Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, 41042, Spain
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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19
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Tüzün N, De Block M, Stoks R. Live fast, die old: oxidative stress as a potential mediator of an unexpected life‐history evolution. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Deberiotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Marjan De Block
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Deberiotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Deberiotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
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20
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Tran TT, Dinh Van K, Janssens L, Stoks R. The effect of warming on pesticide toxicity is reversed between developmental stages in the mosquito Culex pipiens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:134811. [PMID: 31836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of interactions between pesticides and warming is important to improve ecological risk assessment in a warming world. Current insights are almost exclusively based on studies that exposed animals simultaneously to both warming and a pesticide and focused on effects during the pesticide exposure period and within a single developmental stage. We studied two ignored aspects of the interplay between warming and pesticide exposure: (i) the role of delayed effects after the pesticide exposure period, and (ii) the dependence on the developmental stage. We carried out a longitudinal experiment from the egg stage to the adult stage in the mosquito Culex pipiens where we crossed a warming treatment (20 °C vs 24 °C) with 48 h exposures to the pesticide chlorpyrifos in three developmental stages (early L1 larvae, late L4 larvae and adults). Chlorpyrifos induced mild to moderate mortality in all developmental stages (10-30%). A key finding was that warming shaped the chlorpyrifos-induced mortality but in opposite directions between stages. Chlorpyrifos was 7% less toxic under warming in L1 larvae, yet more toxic under warming in L4 larvae (22%) and in adult males (33%), while toxicity did not change under warming in adult females. We hypothesize that the general, stage-specific differences in the effects of warming on body size (increased size in early larvae, decreased size in later stages) caused the reversal of the effects of warming on toxicity between stages. Previous larval exposure to chlorpyrifos caused delayed effects that strongly reduced survival to the adult stage (̰25% at 24 °C). Notably, warming also modulated these delayed mortality effects in opposite ways between developmental stages, matching the patterns of mortality during the pesticide exposure periods. Integrating the general stage-specific patterns of how warming shapes body size is important to advance our mechanistic understanding of the interactions between pesticides and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Tran
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Viet nam.
| | - Khuong Dinh Van
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Viet nam; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Orr JA, Vinebrooke RD, Jackson MC, Kroeker KJ, Kordas RL, Mantyka-Pringle C, Van den Brink PJ, De Laender F, Stoks R, Holmstrup M, Matthaei CD, Monk WA, Penk MR, Leuzinger S, Schäfer RB, Piggott JJ. Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200421. [PMID: 32370677 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental changes, or 'stressors', increasingly threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Multiple-stressor research is a rapidly expanding field of science that seeks to understand and ultimately predict the interactions between stressors. Reviews and meta-analyses of the primary scientific literature have largely been specific to either freshwater, marine or terrestrial ecology, or ecotoxicology. In this cross-disciplinary study, we review the state of knowledge within and among these disciplines to highlight commonality and division in multiple-stressor research. Our review goes beyond a description of previous research by using quantitative bibliometric analysis to identify the division between disciplines and link previously disconnected research communities. Towards a unified research framework, we discuss the shared goal of increased realism through both ecological and temporal complexity, with the overarching aim of improving predictive power. In a rapidly changing world, advancing our understanding of the cumulative ecological impacts of multiple stressors is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Identifying and overcoming the barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge exchange is necessary in rising to this challenge. Division between ecosystem types and disciplines is largely a human creation. Species and stressors cross these borders and so should the scientists who study them.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Orr
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rolf D Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Kristy J Kroeker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Kordas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Berkshire, UK
| | - Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Environmental Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wendy A Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada at Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Marcin R Penk
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Leuzinger
- Institute for Applied Ecology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Quantitative Landscape Ecology, iES-Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Song J, Zhou S. Post-transcriptional regulation of insect metamorphosis and oogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1893-1909. [PMID: 31724082 PMCID: PMC11105025 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphic transformation from larvae to adults along with the high fecundity is key to insect success. Insect metamorphosis and reproduction are governed by two critical endocrines, juvenile hormone (JH), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Recent studies have established a crucial role of microRNA (miRNA) in insect metamorphosis and oogenesis. While miRNAs target genes involved in JH and 20E-signaling pathways, these two hormones reciprocally regulate miRNA expression, forming regulatory loops of miRNA with JH and 20E-signaling cascades. Insect metamorphosis and oogenesis rely on the coordination of hormones, cognate genes, and miRNAs for precise regulation. In addition, the alternative splicing of genes in JH and 20E-signaling pathways has distinct functions in insect metamorphosis and oogenesis. We, therefore, focus in this review on recent advances in post-transcriptional regulation, with the emphasis on the regulatory role of miRNA and alternative splicing, in insect metamorphosis and oogenesis. We will highlight important new findings of miRNA interactions with hormonal signaling and alternative splicing of JH receptor heterodimer gene Taiman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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23
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Heneberg P, Bogusch P, Astapenková A, Řezáč M. Neonicotinoid insecticides hinder the pupation and metamorphosis into adults in a crabronid wasp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7077. [PMID: 32341495 PMCID: PMC7184726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are associated with a decline in the diversity and distribution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). The effects of neonicotinoids on the metamorphosis of aculeates have never been addressed in detail; however, recent evidence suggests that neonicotinoids induce wing abnormalities. We hypothesized that the metamorphosis success of bees and wasps differs in response to contact exposure to field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides or in response to combined exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and benzimidazole fungicides. We treated prepupae of the model crabronid wasp Pemphredon fabricii with field-realistic concentrations of four neonicotinoids, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, and/or with the benzimidazole fungicide thiabendazole. Treatment with acetamiprid or imidacloprid decreased the pupation rates to only 39% and 32%, respectively. Treatment with thiacloprid or thiamethoxam did not affect the pupation rate when applied alone, but the subsequent treatment of thiacloprid- or thiamethoxam-treated prepupae with thiabendazole led to significant decreases in pupation rates. A high concentration of acetamiprid, which severely affected the pupation rates, had moderate effects on metamorphosis into adults, resulting in 53% metamorphosis success (as opposed to 95% metamorphosis success in the water-treated group). However, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam treatment resulted in only 5%-10% metamorphosis success into adults. Overall survival decreased in response to treatment with any of the neonicotinoids or benzimidazoles or their combinations, with extremely low survival (<2%) following combined treatment with imidacloprid and thiabendazole or thiamethoxam and thiabendazole. In conclusion, neonicotinoids alter insect metamorphosis success, which can be further potentiated by their combination with other agrochemicals, such as benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Bogusch
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Astapenková
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Řezáč
- Crop Research Institute, Functional Biodiversity Group, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Wang Y, Stoks R, Sentis A, Tüzün N. Support for the climatic variability hypothesis depends on the type of thermal plasticity: lessons from predation rates. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Jie Wang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Debériotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Debériotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Univ. of Aix Marseille, UMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Debériotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
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25
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Verheyen J, Stoks R. Negative bioenergetic responses to pesticides in damselfly larvae are more likely when it is hotter and when temperatures fluctuate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125369. [PMID: 31765902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To make more realistic predictions about the current and future effects of pesticides, we need to better understand physiological mechanisms associated with the widespread higher toxicity of many pesticides under increasing mean temperatures and daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs). One overlooked, yet insightful, mechanism are bioenergetic responses as these provide information about the balance between energy gains and costs. Therefore, we studied how the bioenergetic responses to the insecticide chlorpyrifos were affected by a higher mean temperature and a higher DTF in Ischnura elegans damselfly larvae. To quantify bioenergetic responses we measured energy availability (Ea), energy consumption (Ec) and total net energy budget (cellular energy allocation, CEA). Exposure to chlorpyrifos considerably reduced CEA values when a high mean temperature was combined with a high DTF (up to -18%). Notably, chlorpyrifos had little effect on CEA at a constant 20 °C, meaning that the bioenergetic impact of chlorpyrifos would have been underestimated if we had only tested under standard testing conditions. The chlorpyrifos-induced reductions in CEA under warming were driven by reductions in Ea (up to -16%, mainly through large reductions in sugar and fat contents) while Ec was unaffected by chlorpyrifos. Treatment groups with a lower CEA value showed a higher mortality and a lower growth rate, indicating bioenergetic responses are contributing to the higher toxicity of chlorpyrifos under warming. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating the effects of pesticides under an increase in both mean temperature and DTF to improve the ecological risk assessment of pesticides under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Verheyen J, Tüzün N, Stoks R. Using natural laboratories to study evolution to global warming: contrasting altitudinal, latitudinal, and urbanization gradients. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:10-19. [PMID: 31301449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrating the likelihood of evolution in response to global warming is important, yet challenging. We discuss how three spatial thermal gradients (latitudinal, altitudinal, and urbanization) can be used as natural laboratories to inform about the gradual thermal evolution of populations by applying a space-for-time substitution (SFTS) approach. We compare thermal variables and confounding non-thermal abiotic variables, methodological approaches and evolutionary aspects associated with each type of gradient. On the basis of an overview of recent insect studies, we show that a key assumption of SFTS, local thermal adaptation along these gradients, is often but not always met, requiring explicit validation. To increase realism when applying SFTS, we highlight the importance of integrating daily temperature fluctuations, multiple stressors and multiple interacting species. Finally, comparative studies, especially across gradient types, are important to provide more robust inferences of evolution under gradual global warming. Integrating these research directions will further strengthen the still underused, yet powerful SFTS approach to infer gradual evolution under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Moore MP, Martin RA. On the evolution of carry-over effects. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1832-1844. [PMID: 31402447 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The environment experienced early in life often affects the traits that are developed after an individual has transitioned into new life stages and environments. Because the phenotypes induced by earlier environments are then screened by later ones, these 'carry-over effects' influence fitness outcomes across the entire life cycle. While the last two decades have witnessed an explosion of studies documenting the occurrence of carry-over effects, little attention has been given to how they adapt and diversify. To aid future research in this area, we present a framework for the evolution of carry-over effects. Carry-over effects can evolve in two ways. First, the expression of traits later in life may become more or less dependent on the developmental processes of earlier stages (e.g., 'adaptive decoupling'). Genetic correlations between life stages then either strengthen or weaken. Alternatively, those influential developmental processes that begin early in life may become more or less sensitive to that earlier environment. Here, plasticity changes in all the traits that share those developmental pathways across the whole life cycle. Adaptive evolution of a carry-over effect is governed by selection on the induced phenotypes in the later stage, and also by selection on any developmentally linked traits in the earlier life stage. When these selective pressures conflict, the evolution of the carry-over effect will be biased towards maximizing performance in the life stage with stronger selection. Because life stages often contribute unequally to total fitness, the strength of selection in any one stage depends on: (a) the relationship between the traits and the stage-specific fitness components (e.g., juvenile survival, adult mating success), and (b) the reproductive value of the life stage. Considering the evolution of carry-over effects reveals several intriguing features of the evolution of life histories and phenotypic plasticity more generally. For instance, carry-over effects that manifest as maladaptive plasticity in one life stage may represent an adaptive strategy for maximizing fitness in stages with stronger selection. Additionally, adaptation to novel environments encountered early in the life cycle may be faster in the presence of carry-over effects that influence sexually selected traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Moore
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan A Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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28
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Synergistic Effects of Climate Change and Marine Pollution: An Overlooked Interaction in Coastal and Estuarine Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152737. [PMID: 31370308 PMCID: PMC6696450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coastal areas have been increasingly affected by human activities, marine pollution and climate change are among the most important pressures affecting these environments. Human-induced pressures occur in a cumulative way and generate additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects. Knowledge on synergistic effects is crucial to coastal zone management, since they may imply a change in human uses of these systems, as well as dedicated action plans in order to reduce hazards and environmental risks. In this work, we provide an overview of the available literature on synergistic effects between climate change and chemical pollution, and discuss current knowledge, methodological approaches, and research gaps and needs. Interactions between these two pressures may be climate change dominant (climate change leads to an increase in contaminant exposure or toxicity) or contaminant-dominant (chemical exposure leads to an increase in climate change susceptibility), but the mechanistic drivers of such processes are not well known. Results from a few meta-analyses studies and reviews showed that synergistic interactions tend to be more frequent compared to additive and antagonistic ones. However, most of the studies are individual-based and assess the cumulative effects of a few contaminants individually in laboratory settings together with few climate variables, particularly temperature and pH. Nevertheless, a wide diversity of contaminants have already been individually tested, spanning from metals, persistent organic pollutants and, more recently, emergent pollutants. Population and community based approaches are less frequent but have generated very interesting and more holistic perspectives. Methodological approaches are quite diverse, from laboratory studies to mesocosm and field studies, or based on statistical or modelling tools, each with their own potential and limitations. More holistic comparisons integrating several pressures and their combinations and a multitude of habitats, taxa, life-stages, among others, are needed, as well as insights from meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
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29
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Zhang C, Jansen M, De Meester L, Stoks R. Rapid evolution in response to warming does not affect the toxicity of a pollutant: Insights from experimental evolution in heated mesocosms. Evol Appl 2019; 12:977-988. [PMID: 31080509 PMCID: PMC6503828 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While human-induced stressors such as warming and pollutants may co-occur and interact, evolutionary studies typically focus on single stressors. Rapid thermal evolution may help organisms better deal with warming, yet it remains an open question whether thermal evolution changes the toxicity of pollutants under warming. We investigated the effects of exposure to a novel pollutant (zinc oxide nanoparticles, nZnO) and 4°C warming (20°C vs. 24°C) on key life history and physiological traits of the water flea Daphnia magna, a keystone species in aquatic ecosystems. To address the role of thermal evolution, we compared these effects between clones from an experimental evolution trial where animals were kept for two years in outdoor mesocosms at ambient temperatures or ambient +4°C. The nZnO was more toxic at 20°C than at 24°C: only at 20°C, it caused reductions in early fecundity, intrinsic growth rate and metabolic activity. This was due to a higher accumulated zinc burden at 20°C than at 24°C, which was associated with an upregulation of a metallothionein gene at 20°C but not at 24°C. Clones from the heated mesocosms better dealt with warming than clones from the ambient mesocosms, indicating rapid thermal evolution. Notably, rapid thermal evolution did not change the toxicity of nZnO, neither at 20°C nor at 24°C, suggesting no pleiotropy or metabolic trade-offs were at work under the current experimental design. Evaluating whether thermal evolution influences the toxicity of pollutants is important for ecological risk assessment. It provides key information to extrapolate laboratory-derived toxicity estimates of pollutants both in space to warmer regions and in time under future global warming scenarios. In general, studying how the evolution of tolerance to one anthropogenic stressor influence tolerance to other anthropogenic stressors should get more attention in a rapidly changing world where animals increasingly face combinations of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mieke Jansen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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30
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Philippe C, Hautekiet P, Grégoir AF, Thoré ESJ, Pinceel T, Stoks R, Brendonck L, Boeck GD. Combined effects of cadmium exposure and temperature on the annual killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2361-2371. [PMID: 29878480 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater organisms are increasingly exposed to combinations of stressors. However, because it is time-consuming and costly, research on the interaction of stressors, such as compound toxicity and global warming on vertebrates, is scarce. Studies on multigenerational effects of these combined stressors are almost nonexistent. In the present study, we tested the combined effects of 4 °C warming and cadmium (Cd) exposure on life-history traits, biomarkers, bioaccumulation, and multigenerational tolerance in the turquoise killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri. The extremely short life cycle of this vertebrate model allows for assessment of sublethal and multigenerational effects within 4 mo. The applied Cd concentrations had only limited effects on the measured endpoints, which suggests that N. furzeri is more resistant to Cd than fathead minnow and rainbow trout. In contrast, the temperature increase of 4 °C was stressful: it delayed female maturation and lowered adult mass and fecundity. Finally, indications of synergistic effects were found on peak fecundity and embryonic survival. Overall, these results indicate the importance of studying chronic and multigenerational effects of combined stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2361-2371. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Philippe
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pauline Hautekiet
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout F Grégoir
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Zhang C, Jansen M, De Meester L, Stoks R. Thermal evolution offsets the elevated toxicity of a contaminant under warming: A resurrection study in Daphnia magna. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1425-1436. [PMID: 30151050 PMCID: PMC6099814 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistic interactions between temperature and contaminants are a major challenge for ecological risk assessment, especially under global warming. While thermal evolution may increase the ability to deal with warming, it is unknown whether it may also affect the ability to deal with the many contaminants that are more toxic at higher temperatures. We investigated how evolution of genetic adaptation to warming affected the interactions between warming and a novel stressor: zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) in a natural population of Daphnia magna using resurrection ecology. We hatched resting eggs from two D. magna subpopulations (old: 1955-1965, recent: 1995-2005) from the sediment of a lake that experienced an increase in average temperature and in recurrence of heat waves but was never exposed to industrial waste. In the old "ancestral" subpopulation, exposure to a sublethal concentration of nZnO decreased the intrinsic growth rate, metabolic activity, and energy reserves at 24°C but not at 20°C, indicating a synergism between warming and nZnO. In contrast, these synergistic effects disappeared in the recent "derived" subpopulation that evolved a lower sensitivity to nZnO at 24°C, which indicates that thermal evolution could offset the elevated toxicity of nZnO under warming. This evolution of reduced sensitivity to nZnO under warming could not be explained by changes in the total internal zinc accumulation but was partially associated with the evolution of the expression of a key metal detoxification gene under warming. Our results suggest that the increased sensitivity to the sublethal concentration of nZnO under the predicted 4°C warming by the end of this century may be counteracted by thermal evolution in this D. magna population. Our results illustrate the importance of evolution to warming in shaping the responses to another anthropogenic stressor, here a contaminant. More general, genetic adaptation to an environmental stressor may ensure that synergistic effects between contaminants and this environmental stressor will not be present anymore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mieke Jansen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Henry BL, Wesner JS. Severing Ties: Different Responses of Larval and Adult Aquatic Insects to Atrazine and Selenium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8848-8857. [PMID: 29979579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through their metamorphosis and subsequent transition from water to land. Chemical stressors in freshwater, such as agricultural contaminants, can potentially disrupt insect life cycles and reduce the number of insects emerging as terrestrial adults, thereby damaging or severing this linkage. Atrazine and selenium, though frequently detected in waterways and often co-occurring, have not been previously studied together in controlled experiments. We conducted a six-week mesocosm experiment to measure the responses of larval and emerging aquatic insects to treatments of atrazine (15 μg/L), selenium (10 μg/L), and a direct combination of the two. Peak adult insect abundance was reduced in all treatments by 35% to 45% relative to the control. Further, cumulative adult emergence in the combined treatment was 33% lower than in the control. However, no reductions in primary production were observed with treatments, and consistent reductions in benthic insect abundance relative to the control were not observed until the end of the experiment, when overall abundance was low. Results suggest that adult insects are more sensitive than larval insects to atrazine and selenium and that the impacts of these contaminants are stronger on the terrestrial than the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Henry
- Department of Biology , University of South Dakota , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
| | - Jeff S Wesner
- Department of Biology , University of South Dakota , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
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MEESTER LD, STOKS R, BRANS KI. Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change: Potential and limitations. Integr Zool 2018; 13:372-391. [PMID: 29168625 PMCID: PMC6221008 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change profoundly impacts ecosystems and their biota, resulting in range shifts, novel interactions, food web alterations, changed intensities of host-parasite interactions, and extinctions. An increasing number of studies have documented evolutionary changes in traits such as phenology and thermal tolerance. In this opinion paper, we argue that, while evolutionary responses have the potential to provide a buffer against extinctions or range shifts, a number of constraints and complexities blur this simple prediction. First, there are limits to evolutionary potential both in terms of genetic variation and demographic effects, and these limits differ strongly among taxa and populations. Second, there can be costs associated with genetic adaptation, such as a reduced evolutionary potential towards other (human-induced) environmental stressors or direct fitness costs due to tradeoffs. Third, the differential capacity of taxa to genetically respond to climate change results in novel interactions because different organism groups respond to a different degree with local compared to regional (dispersal and range shift) responses. These complexities result in additional changes in the selection pressures on populations. We conclude that evolution can provide an initial buffer against climate change for some taxa and populations but does not guarantee their survival. It does not necessarily result in reduced extinction risks across the range of taxa in a region or continent. Yet, considering evolution is crucial, as it is likely to strongly change how biota will respond to climate change and will impact which taxa will be the winners or losers at the local, metacommunity and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc De MEESTER
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby STOKS
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristien I. BRANS
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationLeuvenBelgium
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Tüzün N, Stoks R. Pathways to fitness: carry-over effects of late hatching and urbanisation on lifetime mating success. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology; Univ. of Leuven; Deberiotstraat 32 BE-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology; Univ. of Leuven; Deberiotstraat 32 BE-3000 Leuven Belgium
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Op de Beeck L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Competition magnifies the impact of a pesticide in a warming world by reducing heat tolerance and increasing autotomy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:226-234. [PMID: 29096295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern that standard laboratory toxicity tests may be misleading when assessing the impact of toxicants, because they lack ecological realism. Both warming and biotic interactions have been identified to magnify the effects of toxicants. Moreover, while biotic interactions may change the impact of toxicants, toxicants may also change the impact of biotic interactions. However, studies looking at the impact of biotic interactions on the toxicity of pesticides and vice versa under warming are very scarce. Therefore, we tested how warming (+4 °C), intraspecific competition (density treatment) and exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos, both in isolation and in combination, affected mortality, cannibalism, growth and heat tolerance of low- and high-latitude populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Moreover, we addressed whether toxicant exposure, potentially in interaction with competition and warming, increased the frequency of autotomy, a widespread antipredator mechanism. Competition increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and made it become lethal. Cannibalism was not affected by chlorpyrifos but increased at high density and under warming. Chlorpyrifos reduced heat tolerance but only when competition was high. This is the first demonstration that a biotic interaction can be a major determinant of 'toxicant-induced climate change sensitivity'. Competition enhanced the impact of chlorpyrifos under warming for high-latitude larvae, leading to an increase in autotomy which reduces fitness in the long term. This points to a novel pathway how transient pesticide pulses may cause delayed effects on populations in a warming world. Our results highlight that the interplay between biotic interactions and toxicants have a strong relevance for ecological risk assessment in a warming polluted world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Tüzün N, Stoks R. Carry-Over Effects Across Metamorphosis of a Pesticide on Female Lifetime Fitness Strongly Depend on Egg Hatching Phenology: A Longitudinal Study under Seminatural Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13949-13956. [PMID: 29112811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current ecological risk assessment of pesticides fails to protect aquatic biodiversity. For the first time, we tested two potential reasons for this failure with regard to carry-over effects across metamorphosis: their dependence on hatching period, and the lack of studies quantifying adult fitness under seminatural conditions. Using the damselfly Coenagrion puella sampled from six populations, we designed an outdoor longitudinal one-year study starting from the egg stage. We exposed the aquatic larvae to the pesticide esfenvalerate (0.11 μg/L) during the initial microcosm part. Next, we monitored the lifetime fitness of the terrestrial adults in an insectary. Exposure to the pesticide negatively impacted not only larval traits, but also drastically reduced lifetime mating success of adult females. The impact of this postmetamorphic effect of the pesticide on the population level was three times more important than the effects in the larval stage. Importantly, this carry-over effect was only present in females that hatched early in the season, and was not mediated by metamorphic traits (age and mass at emergence). We provide proof-of-principle under seminatural conditions for two potential pitfalls that need to be considered when improving risk assessment: carry-over effects on adult fitness can (i) be much more important than effects during the larval stage and may not be captured by metamorphic traits, and (ii) be strongly modulated by egg hatching dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven , Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven , Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Liess M, Gerner NV, Kefford BJ. Metal toxicity affects predatory stream invertebrates less than other functional feeding groups. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:505-512. [PMID: 28499260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem effects of heavy metals need to be identified for a retrospective risk assessment, and potential impacts need to be predicted for a prospective risk assessment. In this study, we established a strong correlation between the toxic pressure of dissolved metals and invertebrate species. We compiled available data from a wide geographical range of Australian streams that were contaminated with heavy metals [mainly copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)] and the corresponding invertebrate communities. Heavy metal toxicity is positively related to the proportion of predators within the invertebrate community, represented by the predatorratio, with an effect threshold range of 2.6 μg/L - 26 μg/L for Cu and 62 μg/L - 617 μg/L for Zn. These effect concentrations are in the ranges of the concentrations identified in model ecosystems and other field investigations and are just above the existing guideline limits. Heavy metals also affects the taxa richness negatively. Other community measures, such as the evenness, number of EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) taxa, SPEcies At Risk (SPEAR)pesticides or SPEARsalinity were relatively poorly correlated with heavy metal toxicity in the streams. Therefore, we suggest applying the predatorratio within the community as a starting point for an indicator of the dissolved metal toxicity, the SPEARmetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nadine V Gerner
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Emschergenossenschaft, Kronprinzenstraße 24, 45128 Essen, Germany; Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ben J Kefford
- University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Institute for Applied Ecology, Australia
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