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Guo L, Liu J, Liu Y, Ren J, Xiao J. Study on quantitative generation technology of bio-fluorescence calibration particles based on inkjet generator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174633. [PMID: 38992348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Accurate measurements are critical for timely early warning and effective prevention of epidemics due to the continuing impact of bioaerosols on human health. In recent years, researchers have been focused on developing and calibrating online monitoring instruments. However, there is still a lack of laboratory-generated standard aerosol samples suitable for calibration. Therefore, in this study, we utilized a self-developed Ink Jet Aerosol Generator (H-IJAG) to achieve controllable generation of monodisperse aerosol standard particles. The Aerosol Particle Size Spectrometer (APSS, TOPAS 323) was employed as the particle detector. The diameter of the droplet was calculated by measuring the projected area of the droplet in the same image using Image-J software. Experimental results demonstrated that under standardized inkjet parameters, H-IJAG exhibited good reliability and reproducibility, and generated solid particles within (0.4-15) μm. To better simulate the laser-induced fluorescence emission properties of ambient bioaerosol, tryptophan (Trp) and 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid (7-HCA) were selected as solutes of the laboratory-generated aerosol samples, which are known bio-fluorescent materials. According to the law of propagation of uncertainty, the relative uncertainty of the volume equivalent diameter of Trp and 7-HCA solid particles by H-IJAG were 0.42 %, while the relative uncertainty of the particle number concentrations of Trp and 7-HCA solid particles generated by H-IJAG were 1.4 %. This optimized IJAG technique provides a promising solution for the accurate calibration of bioaerosol monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Technology (Taiyuan University of Technology), Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Environmental Metrology Center, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Environmental Metrology Center, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Technology (Taiyuan University of Technology), Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Environmental Metrology Center, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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An T, Liang Z, Chen Z, Li G. Recent progress in online detection methods of bioaerosols. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:442-454. [PMID: 38933213 PMCID: PMC10239662 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aerosol transmission of coronavirus disease in 2019, along with the spread of other respiratory diseases, caused significant loss of life and property; it impressed upon us the importance of real-time bioaerosol detection. The complexity, diversity, and large spatiotemporal variability of bioaerosols and their external/internal mixing with abiotic components pose challenges for effective online bioaerosol monitoring. Traditional methods focus on directly capturing bioaerosols before subsequent time-consuming laboratory analysis such as culture-based methods, preventing the high-resolution time-based characteristics necessary for an online approach. Through a comprehensive literature assessment, this review highlights and discusses the most commonly used real-time bioaerosol monitoring techniques and the associated commercially available monitors. Methods applied in online bioaerosol monitoring, including adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence, laser/light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and bioaerosol mass spectrometry are summarized. The working principles, characteristics, sensitivities, and efficiencies of these real-time detection methods are compared to understand their responses to known particle types and to contrast their differences. Approaches developed to analyze the substantial data sets obtained by these instruments and to overcome the limitations of current real-time bioaerosol monitoring technologies are also introduced. Finally, an outlook is proposed for future instrumentation indicating a need for highly revolutionized bioaerosol detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhishu Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Grewling Ł, Ribeiro H, Antunes C, Apangu GP, Çelenk S, Costa A, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Galveias A, Gonzalez Roldan N, Lika M, Magyar D, Martinez-Bracero M, Ørby P, O'Connor D, Penha AM, Pereira S, Pérez-Badia R, Rodinkova V, Xhetani M, Šauliene I, Skjøth CA. Outdoor airborne allergens: Characterization, behavior and monitoring in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167042. [PMID: 37709071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aeroallergens or inhalant allergens, are proteins dispersed through the air and have the potential to induce allergic conditions such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Outdoor aeroallergens are found predominantly in pollen grains and fungal spores, which are allergen carriers. Aeroallergens from pollen and fungi have seasonal emission patterns that correlate with plant pollination and fungal sporulation and are strongly associated with atmospheric weather conditions. They are released when allergen carriers come in contact with the respiratory system, e.g. the nasal mucosa. In addition, due to the rupture of allergen carriers, airborne allergen molecules may be released directly into the air in the form of micronic and submicronic particles (cytoplasmic debris, cell wall fragments, droplets etc.) or adhered onto other airborne particulate matter. Therefore, aeroallergen detection strategies must consider, in addition to the allergen carriers, the allergen molecules themselves. This review article aims to present the current knowledge on inhalant allergens in the outdoor environment, their structure, localization, and factors affecting their production, transformation, release or degradation. In addition, methods for collecting and quantifying aeroallergens are listed and thoroughly discussed. Finally, the knowledge gaps, challenges and implications associated with aeroallergen analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grewling
- Laboratory of Aerobiology, Department of Systematic and Environmental Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Portugal
| | - Celia Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Sevcan Çelenk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ana Costa
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Ana Galveias
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nestor Gonzalez Roldan
- Group of Biofunctional Metabolites and Structures, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany; Pollen Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirela Lika
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Donát Magyar
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Pia Ørby
- Department of Environmental Science, Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA) Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 E432, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Marchã Penha
- Water Laboratory, School of Sciences and Technology, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora. 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pereira
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Badia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Merita Xhetani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
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Sajjad B, Hussain S, Rasool K, Hassan M, Almomani F. Comprehensive insights into advances in ambient bioaerosols sampling, analysis and factors influencing bioaerosols composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122473. [PMID: 37659632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
While the study of bioaerosols has a long history, it has garnered heightened interest in the past few years, focusing on both culture-dependent and independent sampling and analysis approaches. Observations have been made regarding the seasonal fluctuations in microbial communities and their connection to particular ambient atmospheric factors. The study of airborne microbial communities is important in public health and atmospheric processes. Nevertheless, the establishment of standardized protocols for evaluating airborne microbial communities and utilizing microbial taxonomy as a means to identify distinct bioaerosols sources and seasonal patterns remains relatively unexplored. This article discusses the challenges and limitations of ambient bioaerosols sampling and analysis, including the lack of standardized methods and the heterogeneity of sources. Future prospects in the field of bioaerosols, including the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies, omics studies, spectroscopy and fluorescence-based monitoring to provide comprehensive incite on metabolic capacity, and activity are also presented. Furthermore, the review highlights the factors that affect bioaerosols composition, including seasonality, atmospheric conditions, and pollution levels. Overall, this review provides a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders interested in understanding and managing bioaerosols in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Sajjad
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar; Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Niu C, Hu Z, Cheng X, Gong A, Wang K, Zhang D, Li S, Guo L. Individual Micron-Sized Aerosol Qualitative Analysis-Combined Raman Spectroscopy and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by Optical Trapping in Air. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2874-2883. [PMID: 36701807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The attribution of single particle sources of atmospheric aerosols is an essential problem in the study of air pollution. However, it is still difficult to qualitatively analyze the source of a single aerosol particle using noncontact in situ techniques. Hence, we proposed using optical trapping to combine gated Raman spectroscopy with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in a single levitated micron aerosol. The findings of the spectroscopic imaging indicated that the particle plasma formed by a single particle ablation with a pulsed laser within 7 ns deviates from the trapped particle location. The LIBS acquisition field of view was expanded using the 19-bundle fiber, which also reduces the fluctuation of a single particle signal. In addition, gated Raman was utilized to suppress the fluorescence and increase the Raman signal-to-noise ratio. Based on this, Raman can measure hard-to-ionize substances with LIBS, such as sulfates. The LIBS radical can overcome the restriction that Raman cannot detect ionic chemicals like fluoride and chloride in halogens. To test the capability of directly identifying distinctive feature compounds utilizing spectra, we detected anions using Raman spectroscopy and cations using LIBS. Four typical mineral aerosols are subjected to precise qualitative evaluations (marble, gypsum, baking soda, and activated carbon adsorbed potassium bicarbonate). To further validate the application potential for substances with indistinctive feature discrimination, we employed machine learning algorithms to conduct a qualitative analysis of the coal aerosol from ten different origin regions. Three data fusion methodologies (early fusion, intermediate fusion, and late fusion) for Raman and LIBS are implemented, respectively. The accuracy of the late fusion model prediction using StackingClassifier is higher than that of the LIBS data (66.7%) and Raman data (86.1%) models, with an average accuracy of 90.6%. This research has the potential to provide online single aerosol analysis as well as technical assistance for aerosol monitoring and early warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Aojun Gong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianbo Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Lu HL, Su ZM, Li L, Li X. Airborne Microbial Aerosol Detection by Combining Single Particle Mass Spectrometry and a Fluorescent Aerosol Particle Sizer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17861-17867. [PMID: 36519630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection methods for microbiological aerosols based on single particle mass spectrometry (SPAMS) and a fluorescent aerosol particle sizer (FLAPS) have been developed progressively. However, they encounter interference and inefficiency issues. By merging FLAPS and SPAMS technologies, the majority of inorganic ambient aerosols may be eliminated by the FLAPS, thus resolving SPAMS' large data volume. SPAMS, on the other hand, may eliminate the secondary fluorescence interference that plagues the FLAPS. With the addition of the enhanced machine learning classifier, it is possible to extract microbial aerosol signals more precisely. In this work, a FLAPS-SPAMS instrument and a Random Forest classifier based on Kendall's correlation expansion training set approach were built. In addition to analyzing the outdoor microbial proportions, the interference components of non-microbial fluorescent particles were also examined. Results indicate that the fraction of outdoor microbial aerosols in fluorescent particles is 25.72% or roughly 2.57% of total particles. Traditional ART-2A algorithm and semi-empirical feature clustering approaches were used to identify the interference categories of abiotic fluorescent particles, which were mostly constituted of EC/OC, LPG/LNG exhaust, heavy metal organics, nicotine, vinylpyridine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polymers, accounting for 68.51% of fluorescent particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhan Min Su
- Guangdong MS Institute of Scientific Instrument Innovation, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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7
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Tian J, Yan C, Alcega SG, Hassard F, Tyrrel S, Coulon F, Nasir ZA. Detection and characterization of bioaerosol emissions from wastewater treatment plants: Challenges and opportunities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958514. [PMID: 36439798 PMCID: PMC9684734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid population growth and urbanization process have led to increasing demand for wastewater treatment capacity resulting in a non-negligible increase of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in several cities around the world. Bioaerosol emissions from WWTPs may pose adverse health risks to the sewage workers and nearby residents, which raises increasing public health concerns. However, there are still significant knowledge gaps on the interplay between process-based bioaerosol characteristics and exposures and the quantification of health risk which limit our ability to design effective risk assessment and management strategies. This review provides a critical overview of the existing knowledge of bioaerosol emissions from WWTPs including their nature, magnitude and size distribution, and highlights the shortcoming associated with existing sampling and analysis methods. The recent advancements made for rapid detection of bioaerosols are then discussed, especially the emerging real time detection methods to highlight the directions for future research needs to advance the knowledge on bioaerosol emissions from WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghan Tian
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sonia Garcia Alcega
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Hassard
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sean Tyrrel
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Nasir
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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8
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Chen S, Jia Y, Chen H, Yang W, Luo Y, Li Z, Deng Y, Tan W, Guo P, Zhang Y, Guo J, Hu L, Lv M. Dual-wavelength-excitation aerosol fluorescence spectra detection using combined spectrometer with Czerny-Turner design. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 277:121260. [PMID: 35447557 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a dual-wavelength-excitation aerosol fluorescence spectra detection device prototype. In our system, the 263 nm and 355 nm lasers are used to sequentially excite the fluorescence of aerosol stream, which is located spatially and temporally by two crossed infrared lasers; a bifurcated fiber bundle is applied to receive the fluorescence spectra of 274-463 nm and 374-565 nm. Besides, with a 32-channel photomultiplier tube as detector, a self-developed combined spectrometer with Czerny-Turner design is employed to detect the two band spectra in a preset timing sequence. Experiments show that the system can detect the fluorescence spectra, after dual-wavelength-excitation, of three intrinsic fluorophore samples and three bioaerosol samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiwen Jia
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Chen
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yupeng Luo
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongshi Li
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbao Deng
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wangshu Tan
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pan Guo
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinchao Zhang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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9
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Yue S, Li L, Xu W, Zhao J, Ren H, Ji D, Li P, Zhang Q, Wei L, Xie Q, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Fu P. Biological and Nonbiological Sources of Fluorescent Aerosol Particles in the Urban Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7588-7597. [PMID: 35544717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Online detection of bioaerosols based on the light-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is still challenging due to the complexity of bioaerosols and the external/internal mixing with nonbiological fluorescent compositions. Although many lab studies have measured the fluorescence properties of the biological and nonbiological materials, there is still a scarcity of knowledge of the sources of fluorescent aerosol particles (FAP) in the ambient atmosphere. Here, we fill this gap by combining the online measurement of an LIF-based instrument (wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor, WIBS, 0.8-20 μm) with the measurements of typical biological matter and the compositions related to major nonbiological FAP from May to July in the megacity Beijing. We find that fungal spores and pollen are widely observed in all types of FAP using a WIBS. Bacteria are suggested to be associated with the fine mode FAP (excitation/emission: 280 nm/310-400 nm; 0.8-3 μm). The FL-B and -BC particles (emission in 420-650 nm) contributing the most to FAP are strongly associated with humic-like substances, dust, burning and combustion emissions, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). This study provides a guide for interpreting individual FAP measured by LIF instruments and points to the applicability of online LIF instruments to characterize nonbiological compositions including SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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10
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Zhang M, Su H, Li G, Kuhn U, Li S, Klimach T, Hoffmann T, Fu P, Pöschl U, Cheng Y. High-Resolution Fluorescence Spectra of Airborne Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols: Comparisons to Primary Biological Aerosol Particles and Implications for Single-Particle Measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16747-16756. [PMID: 34699200 PMCID: PMC8697557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) have been found to exhibit fluorescence that may interfere with the laser/light-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs). In this study, we quantified the interference of BSOAs to PBAPs by directly measuring airborne BSOA particles, rather than aqueous extracts. BSOAs were generated by the reaction of d-limonene (LIM) or α-pinene (PIN) and ozone (O3) with or without ammonia in a chamber under controlled conditions. With an excitation wavelength of 355 nm, BSOAs exhibited peak emissions at 464-475 nm, while fungal spores exhibited peak emissions at 460-483 nm; the fluorescence intensity of BSOAs with diameters of 0.7 μm was in the same order of magnitude as that of fungal spores with diameters of 3 μm. The number fraction of 0.7 μm BSOAs that exhibited fluorescence above the threshold was in the range of 1.9-15.9%, depending on the species of precursors, relative humidity (RH), and ammonia. Similarly, the number fraction of 3 μm fungal spores that exhibited fluorescence above the threshold was 4.9-36.2%, depending on the species of fungal spores. Normalized fluorescence by particle volumes suggests that BSOAs exhibited fluorescence in the same order of magnitude as pollen and 10-100 times higher than that of fungal spores. A comparison with ambient particles suggests that BSOAs caused significant interference to ambient fine particles (15 of 16 ambient fine particle measurements likely detected BSOAs) and the interference was smaller for ambient coarse particles (4 of 16 ambient coarse particle measurements likely detected BSOAs) when using LIF instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Guo Li
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhn
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Siyang Li
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Klimach
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva
Research Group, Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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