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Léandri-Breton DJ, Jouanneau W, Legagneux P, Tarroux A, Moe BR, Angelier F, Blévin P, Bråthen VS, Fauchald P, Gabrielsen GW, Herzke D, Nikiforov VA, Elliott KH, Chastel O. Winter Tracking Data Suggest that Migratory Seabirds Transport Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Their Arctic Nesting Site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12909-12920. [PMID: 38991194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Seabirds are often considered sentinel species of marine ecosystems, and their blood and eggs utilized to monitor local environmental contaminations. Most seabirds breeding in the Arctic are migratory and thus are exposed to geographically distinct sources of contamination throughout the year, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Despite the abundance and high toxicity of PFAS, little is known about whether blood concentrations at breeding sites reliably reflect local contamination or exposure in distant wintering areas. We tested this by combining movement tracking data and PFAS analysis (nine compounds) from the blood of prelaying black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) nesting in Arctic Norway (Svalbard). PFAS burden before egg laying varied with the latitude of the wintering area and was negatively associated with time upon return of individuals at the Arctic nesting site. Kittiwakes (n = 64) wintering farther south carried lighter burdens of shorter-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs, C9-C12) and heavier burdens of longer chain PFCAs (C13-C14) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid compared to those wintering farther north. Thus, blood concentrations prior to egg laying still reflected the uptake during the previous wintering stage, suggesting that migratory seabirds can act as biovectors of PFAS to Arctic nesting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Jean Léandri-Breton
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3 V9, Canada
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372-CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - William Jouanneau
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372-CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromso̷, Norway
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372-CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1 V0A6, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tarroux
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromso̷, Norway
| | - Bo Rge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372-CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | | | - Vegard S Bråthen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Fauchald
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromso̷, Norway
| | | | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Fram Centre, 9296 Tromso̷, Norway
| | | | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372-CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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2
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Pala N, Vorkamp K, Bossi R, Ancora S, Ademollo N, Baroni D, Sarà G, Corsolini S. Chemical threats for the sentinel Pygoscelis adeliae from the Ross Sea (Antarctica): Occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury within the largest marine protected area worldwide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174562. [PMID: 38981544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The Ross Sea Marine Protected Area (RS-MPA) hosts endemic species that have to cope with multiple threats, including chemical contamination. Adèlie penguin is considered a good sentinel species for monitoring pollutants. Here, 23 unhatched eggs, collected from three colonies along the Ross Sea coasts, were analysed to provide updated results on legacy pollutants and establish a baseline for newer ones. Average sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (∑PCBs) at the three colonies ranged 20.9-24.3 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and included PCBs IUPAC nos. 28, 118, 153, 138, 180. PCBs were dominated by hexachlorinated congeners as previously reported. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) ranged between 134 and 166 and 181-228 ng/g lw, respectively. Overall, ∑PCBs was exceeded by pesticides, contrary to previous studies from the Ross Sea. Sum of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs) ranged between 0.90 and 1.18 ng/g lw and consisted of BDE-47 (that prevailed as expected, representing 60-80 % of the ∑PBDEs) and BDE-85. Sum of perfluoroalkyl substances (∑PFAS) ranged from 1.04 to 1.53 ng/g wet weight and comprised five long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) was also detected. The PFAS profile was dominated by PFCAs as already observed in Arctic seabirds. Mercury ranged from 0.07 to 0.15 mg/kg dry weight similarly to previous studies. Legacy pollutants confirmed their ongoing presence in Antarctic biota and their levels seemed mostly in line with the past, but with minor variations in some cases, likely due to continued input or release from past reservoirs. PFAS were reported for the first time in penguins from the Ross Sea, highlighting their ubiquity. Although further studies would be useful to increase the sample size and accordingly improve our knowledge on spatial and temporal trends, this study provides interesting data for future monitoring programs within the RS-MPA that will be crucial to test its effectiveness against human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pala
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Stefania Ancora
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ademollo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, Italian National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, Italian National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Morrissey C, Fritsch C, Fremlin K, Adams W, Borgå K, Brinkmann M, Eulaers I, Gobas F, Moore DRJ, van den Brink N, Wickwire T. Advancing exposure assessment approaches to improve wildlife risk assessment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:674-698. [PMID: 36688277 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The exposure assessment component of a Wildlife Ecological Risk Assessment aims to estimate the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure to a chemical or environmental contaminant, along with characteristics of the exposed population. This can be challenging in wildlife as there is often high uncertainty and error caused by broad-based, interspecific extrapolation and assumptions often because of a lack of data. Both the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have broadly directed exposure assessments to include estimates of the quantity (dose or concentration), frequency, and duration of exposure to a contaminant of interest while considering "all relevant factors." This ambiguity in the inclusion or exclusion of specific factors (e.g., individual and species-specific biology, diet, or proportion time in treated or contaminated area) can significantly influence the overall risk characterization. In this review, we identify four discrete categories of complexity that should be considered in an exposure assessment-chemical, environmental, organismal, and ecological. These may require more data, but a degree of inclusion at all stages of the risk assessment is critical to moving beyond screening-level methods that have a high degree of uncertainty and suffer from conservatism and a lack of realism. We demonstrate that there are many existing and emerging scientific tools and cross-cutting solutions for tackling exposure complexity. To foster greater application of these methods in wildlife exposure assessments, we present a new framework for risk assessors to construct an "exposure matrix." Using three case studies, we illustrate how the matrix can better inform, integrate, and more transparently communicate the important elements of complexity and realism in exposure assessments for wildlife. Modernizing wildlife exposure assessments is long overdue and will require improved collaboration, data sharing, application of standardized exposure scenarios, better communication of assumptions and uncertainty, and postregulatory tracking. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:674-698. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Katharine Fremlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Igor Eulaers
- FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Frank Gobas
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nico van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ted Wickwire
- Woods Hole Group Inc., Bourne, Massachusetts, USA
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Mollier M, Bustamante P, Martinez-Alvarez I, Schull Q, Labadie P, Budzinski H, Cherel Y, Carravieri A. Blood Kinetics of Lipophilic and Proteinophilic Pollutants during Two Types of Long-Term Fast in King Penguins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6138-6148. [PMID: 38533664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, fasting is an intricate physiological process associated with strong metabolic changes, yet its effect on pollutant residue variation is poorly understood. Here, we quantified long-term changes in plasma concentrations of 20 organochlorine and 16 perfluoroalkyl pollutants in king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus during the breeding and molting fasts, which are marked by low and high levels of protein catabolism, respectively, and by strong lipid use. The profile of measured pollutants in plasma was dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, initial relative contribution of 60%). Initial total pollutant concentrations were similar in molting (3.3-5.7 ng g-1 ww) and breeding penguins (range of 4.2-7.3 ng g-1 wet weight, ww). Long-term fasting (25 days) for molting and breeding led, respectively, to a 1.8- and 2.2-fold increase in total plasma pollutant concentrations, although the rate and direction of change were compound-specific. Hexachlorbenzene (HCB) and PFOS concentrations increased in plasma (net mobilization) during both types of fasting, likely due to lipid use. Plasma perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) concentrations increased in breeders (net mobilization) but decreased in molting individuals (net excretion), suggesting a significant incorporation of these pollutants into feathers. This study is a key contribution to our understanding of pollutant variation in blood during long-term fasting in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mollier
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Ignacio Martinez-Alvarez
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Quentin Schull
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, IFREMER, IRD, CNRS, Avenue Jean Monnet CS 30171, 34203 Sète, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Alice Carravieri
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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5
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Padilha JAG, Santos S, Willems T, Souza-Kasprzyk J, Leite A, Cunha LST, Costa ES, Pessôa AR, Eens M, E P, Torres JPM, Das K, Lepoint G, Dorneles PR, Bervoets L, Groffen T. Assessing the trophic ecology and migration on the exposure of cape petrels and Wilson's storm petrels from Antarctica to perfluoroalkylated substances, trace and major elements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117827. [PMID: 38072112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is a global concern as contaminants are transported and reach even the remote regions of Antarctica. Seabirds serve as important sentinels of pollution due to their high trophic position and wide distribution. This study examines the influence of migration and trophic ecology on the exposure of two Antarctic seabirds, Wilson's storm petrel (Oceanites oceanicus - Ooc), and Cape petrel (Daption capense - Dca), to chemical elements and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Our methodology involved assessing the concentration of these pollutants in feather samples obtained from carcasses, offering a practical means for monitoring contamination. Trace and major element concentrations were comparable in both species, suggesting that migratory patterns have a minimal impact on exposure levels. However, Ooc had higher concentration of PFAS compared to Dca (mean, ng g-1dry weight, PFOA: Ooc:0.710, Dca:0.170; PFTrDA: Ooc:0.550, Dca:0.360, and PFTeDA: Ooc:1.01, Dca:0.190), indicating that migration to the more polluted Northern Hemisphere significantly affects PFAS exposure. Furthermore, while no strong associations were found between either trace elements or PFAS and the three stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S), a negative association was observed between PFUnDA and δ15N, hinting at potential biodilution. The research concludes that the migratory patterns of these seabird species affect their PFAS exposure, underscoring the critical need for further exploration and understanding of these relationships to better inform conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A G Padilha
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - S Santos
- CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - T Willems
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Souza-Kasprzyk
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Leite
- CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - L S T Cunha
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E S Costa
- Environment and Sustainability, State University of Rio Grande do Sul, Assis Brasil Street, 842, Downtown, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A R Pessôa
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Prinsen E
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J P M Torres
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic ScienCes Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic ScienCes Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Trophic and Isotope Ecology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - P R Dorneles
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Freshwater and Oceanic ScienCes Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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6
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Wells MR, Coggan TL, Stevenson G, Singh N, Askeland M, Lea MA, Philips A, Carver S. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in little penguins and associations with urbanisation and health parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169084. [PMID: 38056658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly detected in wildlife and present concerning and unknown health risks. While there is a growing body of literature describing PFAS in seabird species, knowledge from temperate Southern Hemisphere regions is lacking. Little penguins (Eudyptula minor) can nest and forage within heavily urbanised coastal environments and hence may be at risk of exposure to pollutants. We analysed scat contaminated nesting soils (n = 50) from 17 colonies in lutruwita/Tasmania for 16 PFAS, plasma samples (n = 45) from nine colonies, and three eggs for 49 PFAS. We detected 14 PFAS across the sample types, with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) most commonly detected. Mean concentration of PFOS in plasma was 2.56 ± 4.3 ng/mL (
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Wells
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Battery Point 7004, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Timothy L Coggan
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, 200 Victoria Street, Carlton 3053, Victoria, Australia; ADE Consulting Group, U 4/95 Salmon Street, Port Melbourne 3207, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Stevenson
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde 2113, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Navneet Singh
- ADE Consulting Group, U 4/95 Salmon Street, Port Melbourne 3207, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Askeland
- ADE Consulting Group, U 4/95 Salmon Street, Port Melbourne 3207, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Battery Point 7004, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Annie Philips
- Wildlife Veterinary Consultant, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, USA 30602; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, GA, USA 30602
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7
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Cortés-Avizanda A, Donázar-Aramendía I, Arrondo E, Ceballos O, Colomer-Vidal P, Jiménez B, Donázar JA. Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the role of anthropic subsidies in the diet of avian scavengers tracked by stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123188. [PMID: 38123115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have been identified as a significant factor driving declines in wildlife populations. These contaminants exhibit a dual tendency to biomagnify up the food chains and persist within tissues, rendering long-lived vertebrates, such as raptors, highly vulnerable to their adverse effects. We assessed the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fledglings of two vulture species, the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) and the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), coexisting in northern Spain. Vultures, currently facing a severe threat with a population decline exceeding 90%, represent one of the most critically endangered avian groups in the Old World. Despite this critical situation, there remains a scarcity of research examining the intricate relationship between contaminant levels and individual foraging behaviors. In parallel, we analyzed stable isotope levels (δ15N and δ13C) in fledgling's feathers and prey hair to determine the association between individual dietary and contaminant burdens. Our findings revealed higher levels of PCBs in Egyptian vultures, while pesticide concentrations remained very similar between focal species. Furthermore, higher individual values of δ13C, indicating a diet based on intensive farming carcasses and landfills, were associated with higher levels of PCBs. While the levels of POPs found do not raise immediate alarm, the presence of individuals with unusually high values reveals the existence of accessible contamination sources in the environment for avian scavengers. The increasing reliance of these birds on intensive livestock farming and landfills, due to the decline of extensive livestock farming, necessitates long-term monitoring of potential contaminant effects on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Av. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain; Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - I Donázar-Aramendía
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Seville Aquarium R + D + I Biological Research Area, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - E Arrondo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - O Ceballos
- UGARRA, Avda. Carlos III 1, 31002, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - P Colomer-Vidal
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain
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8
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Casas G, Iriarte J, D'Agostino LA, Roscales JL, Martinez-Varela A, Vila-Costa M, Martin JW, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Inputs, amplification and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances at coastal Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122608. [PMID: 37742857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The sources, biogeochemical controls and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), in polar coastal regions are largely unknown. These were evaluated by measuring a large multi-compartment dataset of PFAAs concentrations at coastal Livingston and Deception Islands (maritime Antarctica) during three austral summers. PFAAs were abundant in atmospheric-derived samples (aerosols, rain, snow), consistent with the importance of atmospheric deposition as an input of PFAAs to Antarctica. Such PFAAs deposition was unequivocally demonstrated by the occurrence of PFAAs in small Antarctic lakes. Several lines of evidence supported the relevant amplification of PFAAs concentrations in surface waters driven by snow scavenging of sea-spray aerosol-bound PFAAs followed by snow-melting. For example, vertical profiles showed higher PFAAs concentrations at lower-salinity surface seawaters, and PFAAs concentrations in snow were significantly higher than in seawater. The higher levels of PFAAs at Deception Island than at Livingston Island are consistent with the semi-enclosed nature of the bay. Concentrations of PFOS decreased from 2014 to 2018, consistent with observations in other oceans. The sink of PFAAs due to the biological pump, transfer to the food web, and losses due to sea-spray aerosols alone are unlikely to have driven the decrease in PFOS concentrations. An exploratory assessment of the potential sinks of PFAAs suggests that microbial degradation of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates should be a research priority for the evaluation of PFAAs persistence in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casas
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; BETA Tech Center, University of Vic, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Jon Iriarte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa A D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Martinez-Varela
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Tu W, Wang Q, Liu S, Zhang M, Wu Y, Mai B. Bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, and maternal transfer of novel PFOS alternatives (6:2 Cl-PFESA and OBS) in wild freshwater fish from Poyang Lake, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139253. [PMID: 37331668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
As emerging alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenox-benzenesulfonate (OBS) were frequently detected in the four freshwater fish species collected from Poyang Lake. Median concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and OBS in fish tissues were 0.046-6.0 and 0.46-5.1 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The highest concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA was found in fish livers, whereas OBS was found in the pancreas, brain, gonads, and skin. The tissue distribution pattern of 6:2 Cl-PFESA is similar to that of PFOS. The tissue/liver ratios of OBS were higher than those of PFOS, suggesting that OBS has a greater tendency to transfer from the liver to other tissues. The logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs) of 6:2 Cl-PFESA in three carnivorous fish species were greater than 3.7, whereas those of OBS were less than 3.7, indicating that 6:2 Cl-PFESA had a strong bioaccumulation potential. Notably, sex- and tissue-specific bioaccumulation of OBS has also been observed in catfish. Most tissues (except the gonads) exhibited higher OBS concentrations in males than in females. However, no differences were found for 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS. Maternal transfer efficiency of OBS was higher than that of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS in catfish (p < 0.05), indicating that OBS presents a higher risk of exposure to males and offspring through maternal offloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Wang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China.
| | - Xinghui Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China; Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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10
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Sun J, Xing L, Chu J. Global ocean contamination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review of seabird exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138721. [PMID: 37080473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively produced and used as surfactants and repellents for decades. To date, the global contamination pattern of PFAS in marine biota has seldomly been reviewed. Seabirds are ideal biomonitoring tools to study environmental contaminants and their effects. Here, we compiled and synthesized reported PFAS concentrations in various seabird species to reflect spatiotemporal patterns and exposure risks of major PFAS on a global ocean scale. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most studied PFAS in seabirds, which showed the highest level in eggs of common guillemots (U. aalge) from the Baltic Sea, followed by great cormorants (P. carbo) from the North Sea and double-crested cormorants (P.auritus) from the San Francisco Bay, whereas the lowest were those reported for Antarctic seabirds. The temporal pattern showed an overall higher level of PFOS in the late 1990s and early 2000s, consistent with the phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride-based products. Maximum liver PFOS concentrations in several species such as cormorants and fulmars from Europe and North America exceeded the estimated toxicity reference values. Systematic evaluations using representative species and long time-series are necessary to understand contamination patterns in seabirds in South America, Africa, and Asia where information is lacking. In addition, limited research has been conducted on the identification and toxic effects of novel substitutes such as fluorotelomers and ether PFAS (F-53B, Gen-X etc.) in seabirds. Further research, including multi-omics analysis, is needed to comprehensively characterize the exposure and toxicological profiles of PFAS in seabirds and other wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lingling Xing
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiansong Chu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Padilha JA, Carvalho GO, Espejo W, Pessôa ARL, Cunha LST, Costa ES, Torres JPM, Lepoint G, Das K, Dorneles PR. Trace elements in migratory species arriving to Antarctica according to their migration range. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114693. [PMID: 36773589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The levels of eighteen trace elements (TEs) were evaluated in association with stable isotopes (δ15N, δ34S, and δ13C) in feathers and eggs of five migratory species breeding on the Antarctic Peninsula to test the factors that influence their exposure to contaminants. The feathers of seabirds migrating to the Northern Hemisphere (South polar skua) have concentrations (mean ± SD, μg. g-1) of Li (1.71 ± 2.08) and Mg (1169.5 ± 366.8) one order of magnitude higher than southern migrants, such as Snowy sheathbill Li (0.01 ± 0.005) and Mg (499.6 ± 111.9). Feathers had significantly higher concentrations for 11 of a total of 18 metals measured compared to eggs. South polar skua have higher concentrations of all TEs in eggs compared to antarctic tern. Therefore, the present study showed that migration and trophic ecology (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) influence Fe, Mn, Cu, and Se concentrations in feathers of Antarctic seabirds. The concentrations of Cu, Mn, Rb, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr are higher than previously reported, which may be due to increased local and global human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Padilha
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network & IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - G O Carvalho
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W Espejo
- Department of Soils and Natural Resources, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 537, Chillán, Chile
| | - A R L Pessôa
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S T Cunha
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E S Costa
- Mestrado Profissional em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Assis Brasil, 842, Centro, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J P M Torres
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - K Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - P R Dorneles
- Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
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12
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Ojemaye CY, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Green L, Petrik L. The burden of emerging contaminants upon an Atlantic Ocean marine protected reserve adjacent to Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12625. [PMID: 36619409 PMCID: PMC9816787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and levels of fifteen chemicals of emerging concerns, including five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), two industrial chemicals, seven pharmaceuticals and one personal care product, were evaluated in biota, seawater and sediments obtained from near-shore coastal zone in Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Eight compounds were found in seawater, and between nine to twelve compounds were quantified in marine invertebrates, sediment and seaweed. Diclofenac was the prevalent pharmaceutical with a maximum concentration of 2.86 ng/L in seawater, ≥110.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments and ≥67.47 ng/g dw in marine biotas. Among PFCs, perfluoroheptanoic acid was predominant in seawater (0.21-0.46 ng/L). Accumulation of perfluorodecanoic acid (764 ng/g dw) as well as perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid (504.52 and 597.04 ng/g dw, respectively) was highest in samples of seaweed. The environmental risk assessment carried out in this study showed that although individual pollutants pose a low acute and chronic risk, yet individual compounds each had a high bioaccumulation factor in diverse marine species, and their combination as a complex mixture in marine organisms might have adverse effects upon aquatic organisms. Data revealed that this Atlantic Ocean marine protected environment is affected by the presence of numerous and diverse emerging contaminants that could only have originated from sewage discharges. The complex mixture of persistent chemicals found bioaccumulating in marine organisms could bode ill for the propagation and survival of marine protected species, since many of these compounds are known toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y. Ojemaye
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, N. O. 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magne O. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, N. O. 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lesley Green
- Environmental Humanities South and Department of Anthropology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Xu L, Chen H, Han X, Yu K, Wang Y, Du B, Zeng L. First report on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in coral communities from the Northern South China sea: Occurrence, seasonal variation, and interspecies differences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120214. [PMID: 36150619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the contamination levels and seasonal variation of 22 PFASs were investigated in coastal reef-building corals (n = 68) from the northern South China Sea (SCS) during wet and dry seasons. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) was the predominant PFASs in all coral samples, representing 43% of the total PFAS. Long-chain PFASs, as well as PFAS alternatives, were frequently detected above the MQL (>88%) but showed relatively low concentrations compared to short-chain PFASs in most species and seasons. Seasonal variation of PFAS concentrations were observed in branching corals, indicating that the accumulation of PFASs may be associated with coral morphological structures. Interspecies differences in PFAS levels agree well with different bioaccumulation potentials among coral species. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that seasonal factor and coral genus could partly influence PFAS concentrations in coral tissues. In summary, our study firstly reported the occurrence of PFASs in coral communities from the SCS and highlights the necessity for future investigations on more toxicity data for coral communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Xu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xu Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Bibai Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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14
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Padilha J, de Carvalho GO, Willems T, Lepoint G, Cunha L, Pessoa ARL, Eens M, Prinsen E, Costa E, Torres JP, Dorneles P, Das K, Bervoets L, Groffen T. Perfluoroalkylated compounds in the eggs and feathers of resident and migratory seabirds from the Antarctic Peninsula. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114157. [PMID: 36027956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated factors that influence the differences in exposure of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from eight species of Antarctic seabirds, including Pygoscelis penguins, Stercorarius maccormicki, and Macronectes giganteus. We analyzed the relationship between foraging ecology (based on δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values) and PFAAs accumulated in eggs and breast feathers. Ten out of 15 targeted PFAAs were detected in eggs compared to eight in feathers. Mean ∑PFAA concentrations in feathers ranged from 0.47 in P. antarcticus to 17.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) in S. maccormicki. In eggs, ∑PFAA concentrations ranged from 3.51 in P. adeliae to 117 ng/g dw in S. maccormicki. The highest concentrations of most PFAAs were found in trans-equatorial migrators such as S. maccormicki, probably due their high trophic position and higher concentrations of PFAAs in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere. Based on stable isotopes correlations, our results suggest that the trophic position (δ15N) and the foraging area (δ13C and δ34S) influence PFAAs concentrations in Antarctic seabirds. Our results point to the possibility that long-distance migratory birds may have as bio-vectors in the transport of pollutants, including PFCAs, in Antarctic environments, although this must be further confirmed in future studies using a mass balanced approach, such as extractable organofluorine (EOF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeide Padilha
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel O de Carvalho
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tim Willems
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Larissa Cunha
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana R L Pessoa
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erli Costa
- Mestrado Profissional Em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Assis Brasil, 842, Centro, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Torres
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Dorneles
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Krishna Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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15
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Weber EJ, Tebes-Stevens C, Washington JW, Gladstone R. Development of a PFAS reaction library: identifying plausible transformation pathways in environmental and biological systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:689-753. [PMID: 35485941 PMCID: PMC9361427 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used in many consumer applications due to their stain repellency, surfactant properties, ability to form water-proof coatings and use in fire suppression. The production, application, transport, use and disposal of PFAS and PFAS-treated products have resulted in their wide-spread occurrence in environmental and biological systems. Concern over exposure to PFAS and their transformation products and metabolites has necessitated the development of tools to predict the transformation of PFAS in environmental systems and metabolism in biological systems. We have developed reaction libraries for predicting transformation products and metabolites in a variety of environmental and biological reaction systems. These reaction libraries are based on generalized reaction schemes that encode the process science of PFAS reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The PFAS reaction libraries will be executed through the Chemical Transformation Simulator, a web-based tool that is available to the public. These reaction libraries are intended for predicting the environmental transformation and metabolism of PFAS only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Weber
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.
| | - Caroline Tebes-Stevens
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.
| | - John W Washington
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.
| | - Rachel Gladstone
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Hosted at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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16
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Jouanneau W, Léandri-Breton DJ, Corbeau A, Herzke D, Moe B, Nikiforov VA, Gabrielsen GW, Chastel O. A Bad Start in Life? Maternal Transfer of Legacy and Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances to Eggs in an Arctic Seabird. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6091-6102. [PMID: 34874166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In birds, maternal transfer is a major exposure route for several contaminants, including poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Little is known, however, about the extent of the transfer of the different PFAS compounds to the eggs, especially for alternative fluorinated compounds. In the present study, we measured legacy and emerging PFAS, including Gen-X, ADONA, and F-53B, in the plasma of prelaying black-legged kittiwake females breeding in Svalbard and the yolk of their eggs. We aimed to (1) describe the contaminant levels and patterns in both females and eggs, and (2) investigate the maternal transfer, that is, biological variables and the relationship between the females and their eggs for each compound. Contamination of both females and eggs were dominated by linPFOS then PFUnA or PFTriA. We notably found 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid─a precursor of long-chain carboxylates─in 84% of the egg yolks, and provide the first documented finding of ADONA in wildlife. Emerging compounds were all below the detection limit in female plasma. There was a linear association between females and eggs for most of the PFAS. Analyses of maternal transfer ratios in females and eggs suggest that the transfer is increasing with PFAS carbon chain length, therefore the longest chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were preferentially transferred to the eggs. The mean ∑PFAS in the second-laid eggs was 73% of that in the first-laid eggs. Additional effort on assessing the outcome of maternal transfers on avian development physiology is essential, especially for PFCAs and emerging fluorinated compounds which are under-represented in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Don-Jean Léandri-Breton
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Corbeau
- ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553 CNRS - Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dorte Herzke
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Børge Moe
- NINA - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vladimir A Nikiforov
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France
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17
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Ding X, Song X, Xu M, Yao J, Xu C, Tang Z, Zhang Z. Co-occurrence and correlations of PFASs and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) in subsurface in a fluorochemical industrial park: Laboratory and field investigations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152814. [PMID: 34990671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorochemical industrial park (FIP) represents an important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs). Exploring the co-occurrence and correlations of PFASs and cVOCs is a key step towards the understanding their distributions in the field. In this study, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant compound in groundwater and aquifer solids, and elevated concentrations of short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomers were also detected in the field, suggesting their wide applications as substitutes for PFOA. Correlation analyses between PFASs and cVOCs suggested that cVOCs had a significant influence on the distribution and composition of PFASs in the field. In addition, the presence of cVOCs in the form of dense non-aqueous-phase organic liquids (DNAPL) affected the distribution and migration of PFASs at various depths, as evidenced by the relatively high PFASs concentrations (204 μg/L) and PFOA abundance (85.4%) in the deep aquifer, likely due to DNAPL-water interfaces sorption or partition into bulk DNAPL. The log Kd values, determined in the laboratory, were found to increase in the presence of DNAPL, especially for PFOA, with more than one time higher than those of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA). This conclusion further demonstrated that PFOA had a higher potential to participate into DNAPL, which can migrate with DNAPL to the deep aquifer, supporting the higher abundance of PFOA in the deep aquifer mentioned above. However, the log Kd-field values of PFBA and HFPO-DA in the field were higher than that of PFOA, and no significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between log Kd-field values and the chain-length of PFCAs at various depths, suggesting that the phenomena observed in the field are a result of composite influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Minmin Xu
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Zhongke Hualu Soil Remediation Engineering Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253500, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sichuan Tianshengyuan Environmental Services Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020044. [PMID: 35202231 PMCID: PMC8878656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts. In this review, starting from PFAS chemistry, uses and environmental fate, we summarize the current knowledge on PFAS occurrence in different environmental media and their effects on living organisms, with a particular emphasis on humans. Also, we describe present and provisional legislative measures in the European Union framework strategy to regulate PFAS manufacture, import and use as well as some of the most promising treatment technologies designed to remediate PFAS contamination in different environmental compartments.
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Morales P, Roscales JL, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Barbosa A, Jiménez B. Evaluation of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in two penguin species from Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131871. [PMID: 34426291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a global threat, but impacts of these chemicals upon remote areas such as Antarctica remain unclear. Penguins can be useful species to assess the occurrence of POPs in Antarctic food webs. This work's aim was the evaluation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in eggs of two penguin species, chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarticus) and gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), breeding in the South Shetland Islands. Results showed a common pattern in POP levels regardless of the species, characterized by a major abundance of PCBs (98 %), followed by PBDEs (1-2%) and PCDD/Fs (<1 %). Concentrations of POPs in chinstrap and gentoo penguin eggs were 482 and 3250 pg/g l.w., respectively. PCBs, PBDEs and PCDD/Fs were found at higher concentrations in chinstrap penguin eggs, being these differences significant for PBDEs. Interspecies differences in POP levels agree well with potential trophic position differences among species due to changes in prey composition and foraging areas. POP profiles were dominated by congeners with a low degree of halogenation. Our results therefore suggest similar sources of POPs in the food webs exploited by both species and in both cases attributable to the long-range transportation rather than to the presence of local sources of POPs. TEQs were found between 1.38 and 7.33 pg/g l.w. and followed the pattern non-ortho dl-PCBs > PCDFs > PCDDs > mono-ortho dl-PCBs. TEQ values were lower than the threshold level for harmful effects in birds of 210 pg/g WHO-TEQ/g l.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Roscales JL, Suárez de Puga BR, Vicente A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Sánchez AI, Ros M, Jiménez B. Levels and trends of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water (2013-2020) and fish from selected riverine basins in Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131940. [PMID: 34435575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), namely perfluoroalkane sulfonates and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, in Spanish river basins in order to: identify potential spatiotemporal variations; evaluate the effectiveness of the measures implemented for the reduction/elimination of these pollutants; verify the fulfillment of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) in the European Union. PFOS and PFOA were determined in 116 water samples from four sites in the Duero basin, the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, collected seasonally from 2013 to 2020. In addition, 30 fish sample composites from the sample banks of Duero, Tagus, Ebro, Eastern Cantabrian and Catalonian basins were analyzed for 15 PFAAs. Median PFOS and PFOA concentrations were 0.72 and 0.42 ng/L, ranging from values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 81 and 22 ng/L, respectively. During the studied period, 51% of water samples were above the EQS of 0.65 ng/L for PFOS. In the case of fish, the PFOS range was <LOQ-59 with 33% of the samples above the EQS of 9.1 ng/g wet weight. Moreover, fish from the Tagus and Catalonian basins showed median concentrations above the EQS. Particularly, fish collected around highly populated areas such as Madrid and Barcelona showed the greatest PFAA concentrations. Overall, PFAA concentrations in water and fish increased significantly with population density suggesting urban areas as their main source. Although our results suggested decreasing tendencies for PFOS and PFOA in water, significant trends only could be confirmed at two sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén R Suárez de Puga
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Sánchez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ros
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Robuck AR, Hudak CA, Agvent L, Emery G, Ryan PG, Perold VA, Powers KD, Pedersen J, Thompson MA, Suca JJ, Moore MJ, Harms C, Bugoni L, Shield G, Glass T, Wiley DN, Lohmann R. Birds of a feather eat plastic together: high levels of plastic ingestion in Great Shearwater adults and juveniles across their annual migratory cycle. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 8:719721. [PMID: 36248700 PMCID: PMC9558492 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.719721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limited work to date has examined plastic ingestion in highly migratory seabirds like Great Shearwaters (Ardenna gravis) across the their entire migratory range, although this species is prone to ingest plastic as a wide-ranging procellariiform. We examined 217 Great Shearwaters obtained from 2008-2019 at multiple locations spanning their yearly migration cycle across the Northwest and South Atlantic to assess accumulation of ingested plastic as well as trends over time and between locations. A total of 2,328 plastic fragments were documented in the ventriculus portion of the gastrointestinal tract, with an average of 9 plastic fragments per bird. The mass, count, and frequency of plastic occurrence (FO) varied by location, with higher plastic burdens but lower FO in South Atlantic individuals from the breeding colonies. No fragments of the same size or morphology were found in the primary forage fish prey, the sand lance, (Ammodytes spp., n = 202) that supports Great Shearwaters in Massachusetts Bay, USA, suggesting the birds directly ingest the bulk of their plastic loads rather than accumulating via trophic transfer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that low- and high-density polyethylene were the most common polymers ingested, within all years and locations. Individuals from the South Atlantic contained a higher proportion of larger plastic items and fragments compared to juveniles and non-breeding adults from the NW Atlantic, possibly due to increased use of remote, pelagic areas subject to reduced inputs of smaller, more diverse, and potentially less buoyant plastics found adjacent to coastal margins. Different signatures of polymer type, size, and category between similar life stages at different locations suggests rapid turnover of ingested plastics commensurate with migratory stage and location, though more empirical evidence is needed to ground-truth this hypothesis. This work is the first to comprehensively measure the accumulation of ingested plastics by Great Shearwaters over the last decade and across multiple locations spanning their yearly trans-equatorial migration cycle, and underscores their utility as sentinels of plastic pollution in Atlantic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Robuck
- University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | | | - Lindsay Agvent
- University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Gwenyth Emery
- University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Peter G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vonica A. Perold
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kevin D. Powers
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Scituate, MA 02066, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Thompson
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Scituate, MA 02066, USA
| | - Justin J. Suca
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA 02540, USA
| | | | - Craig Harms
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Leandro Bugoni
- Waterbirds and Sea Turtles Lab, Unviersidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gina Shield
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Trevor Glass
- Conservation Department, Government of Tristan da Cunha, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, Tristan da Cunha TDCU 1ZZ, UK (South Atlantic Ocean)
| | - David N. Wiley
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Scituate, MA 02066, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882
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22
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Midthaug HK, Hitchcock DJ, Bustnes JO, Polder A, Descamps S, Tarroux A, Soininen EM, Borgå K. Within and between breeding-season changes in contaminant occurrence and body condition in the Antarctic breeding south polar skua. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117434. [PMID: 34062433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic ecosystem represents a remote region far from point sources of pollution. Still, Antarctic marine predators, such as seabirds, are exposed to organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) which may induce adverse health effects. With increasing restrictions and regulations on OHCs, the levels and exposure are expected to decrease over time. We studied south polar skua (Catharacta maccormiciki), a top predator seabird, to compare OHC concentrations measured in whole blood from 2001/2002 and 2013/2014 in Dronning Maud Land. As a previous study found increasing organochlorine concentrations with sampling day during the 2001/2002 breeding season, suggesting dietary changes, we investigated if this increase was repeated in the 2013/2014 breeding season. In addition to organochlorines, we analyzed hydroxy-metabolites, brominated contaminants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in 2013/2014, as well as dietary descriptors of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, to assess potential changes in diet during breeding. Lipid normalized concentrations of individual OHCs were 63%, 87% and 105% higher for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), and ∑Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), respectively, in 2013/2014 compared to 2001/2002. South polar skuas males in 2013/2014 were in poorer body condition than in 2001/2002, and with higher pollutant levels. Poorer body condition may cause the remobilization of contaminants from stored body reserves, and continued exposure to legacy contaminants at overwintering areas may explain the unexpected higher OHC concentrations in 2013/2014 than 2001/2002. Concentrations of protein-associated PFAS increased with sampling day during the 2013/2014 breeding season, whereas the lipid-soluble chlorinated pesticides, PCBs and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) showed no change. OHC occurrence was not correlated with stable isotopes. The PFAS biomagnification through the local food web at the colony should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Karin Midthaug
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), Pb. 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Hitchcock
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), Pb. 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sébastien Descamps
- Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Fram Centre, Pb. 6606 Langnes, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arnaud Tarroux
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway; Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Fram Centre, Pb. 6606 Langnes, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eeva M Soininen
- Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Fram Centre, Pb. 6606 Langnes, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway; The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Pb. 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), Pb. 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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23
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Shan G, Xiang Q, Feng X, Wu W, Yang L, Zhu L. Occurrence and sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the ice-melting lakes of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146747. [PMID: 33812117 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination and sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Antarctic continent have not been systematically investigated. In this study, 21 PFASs including some new emerging one, were measured in the surface waters collected from 21 ice-melting lakes next to the research stations in Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica (EA). All the PFASs had a median concentration lower than 26.7 pg/L, representing the background levels in EA. The contamination of PFASs in EA was generally lower than in West Antarctica (WA), which might be due to the less on-site human activities in EA than in WA. In the ice-melting lakes, perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) was predominant, and its concentrations in several lakes close to the research stations in EA could be up to 458 pg/L. For the first time, an emerging substitute of perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA), was detected in several of the samples. Source apportionment methods including isomer profiling were applied, and the results collectively indicated that the PFASs in the melting lakes in EA were mainly derived from airborne input, but local discharge might also contribute to PFOA in some lakes. The results of this study supplied information about the sources of PFASs in Antarctica, and suggested that caution should be taken in future to control the local discharge due to increasing human activities in EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xuemin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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24
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Alharthy SA, Hardej D. The role of transcription factor Nrf2 in the toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in C57BL/6 mouse astrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103652. [PMID: 33812015 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are members of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study aimed to determine the protective role of Nrf2 against the toxicity of these agents. Nrf2-/- and wild-type astrocytes were exposed to PFOS (75-600 μM) and PFOA (400-1000 μM) for 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was significantly higher in nrf2-/- than in the wild-type astrocytes. Exposure to 600 μM PFOS and 800 μM PFOA showed significant increases in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in nrf2-/- astrocytes as compared to wild-type astrocytes. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in nrf2-/- astrocytes when compared to wild-type astrocytes. Additionally, PFOS and PFOS caused dramatic ultrastructural alterations to the mitochondria. BHT pretreatment in wild-type cells decreased ROS production with exposure to both agents. Results of the present study conclude that PFOS and PFOA are cytotoxic to astrocytes and that nrf2 -/- cells are more sensitive to toxicity by these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif A Alharthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, 11439, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diane Hardej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, 11439, USA.
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25
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Wang W, Lee J, Oh JK, Lee SJ, Choi SD, Oh JE. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives in black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) eggs from South Korea islands during 2012-2018. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125036. [PMID: 33429310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial trends of sixteen per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their three alternatives, chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (F-53B), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX), and dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoate (ADONA) in whole eggs of black-tailed gulls from two South Korean islands, Baengnyeongdo (BLD) and Hongdo (HD), were investigated during 2012-2018. A total of 16 analyzed compounds were detected at concentrations of 21.3-47.8 ng/g ww in BLD and 11.2-40.0 ng/g ww in HD. Meanwhile, the mean levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected at 6.92 ± 4.72 ng/g ww and 0.674 ± 0.993 ng/g ww, respectively. In particular, F-53B, a major alternative to PFOS was detected in each year of the study period with a level of up to 6.66 ng/g ww in all egg samples. Significant increasing temporal trends were observed for PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and one alternative (F-53B) during the investigated period suggesting continuous use or accumulation of these in the Korean environment. Moreover, distinctive spatial distribution patterns such as a significantly higher F-53B level in HD and an increased PFAS (< C11) in BLD were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Lee
- National Environmental Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Keun Oh
- National Environmental Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Chen R, Zhuang Y, Yu Y, Shi B. Enhanced perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) accumulation by combination with in-situ formed Mn oxides under drinking water conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116660. [PMID: 33279743 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate manganese oxide (MnOx) deposition in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) gives rise to the risk of water discoloration at the consumers' tap; however, its role in the fate and transport of trace organic pollutants in DWDS is not clear. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant frequently detected in natural water, was selected to investigate the potential effect of MnOx on its transportation behavior under DWDS conditions through laboratory batch experiments. The results show that PFOA can be greatly combined with MnOx formed in-situ through a Mn(II) oxidation process by free chlorine. However, the accumulation of PFOA by preformed MnOx was negligible. It was found that 1 mg/L Mn captured over 50% of PFOA with an initial concentration of 50 ng/L during oxidation. The water compositions of actual water could contribute to the effect of PFOA accumulation to a certain extent. Characterization of the solid products revealed that PFOA is homogenously embedded into MnOx. The combination of PFOA with MnOx occurs through a bridging effect of Mn(II) between the surface hydroxyls of MnOx and the -COOH group of PFOA. The resulting MnOx-PFOA particles were more inclined to agglomerate, enabling possibly easy deposition onto the pipe wall than ordinary MnOx particles. This study provides insights into the co-occurrence of metal deposits with PFOA and the potential risks posed by PFOA accumulation to consumers through the water distribution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Carravieri A, Warner NA, Herzke D, Brault-Favrou M, Tarroux A, Fort J, Bustamante P, Descamps S. Trophic and fitness correlates of mercury and organochlorine compound residues in egg-laying Antarctic petrels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110518. [PMID: 33245882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers and effects of exposure to contaminants such as mercury (Hg) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in Antarctic wildlife is still limited. Yet, Hg and OCs have known physiological and fitness effects in animals, with consequences on their populations. Here we measured total Hg (a proxy of methyl-Hg) in blood cells and feathers, and 12 OCs (seven polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs, and five organochlorine pesticides, OCPs) in plasma of 30 breeding female Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica from one of the largest colonies in Antarctica (Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land). This colony is declining and there is poor documentation on the potential role played by contaminants on individual physiology and fitness. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values measured in the females' blood cells and feathers served as proxies of their feeding ecology during the pre-laying (austral spring) and moulting (winter) periods, respectively. We document feather Hg concentrations (mean ± SD, 2.41 ± 0.83 μg g-1 dry weight, dw) for the first time in this species. Blood cell Hg concentrations (1.38 ± 0.43 μg g-1 dw) were almost twice as high as those reported in a recent study, and increased with pre-laying trophic position (blood cell δ15N). Moulting trophic ecology did not predict blood Hg concentrations. PCB concentrations were very low (Σ7PCBs, 0.35 ± 0.31 ng g-1 wet weight, ww). Among OCPs, HCB (1.02 ± 0.36 ng g-1 ww) and p, p'-DDE (1.02 ± 1.49 ng g-1 ww) residues were comparable to those of ecologically-similar polar seabirds, while Mirex residues (0.72 ± 0.35 ng g-1 ww) were higher. PCB and OCP concentrations showed no clear relationship with pre-laying or moulting feeding ecology, indicating that other factors overcome dietary drivers. OC residues were inversely related to body condition, suggesting stronger release of OCs into the circulation of egg-laying females upon depletion of their lipid reserves. Egg volume, hatching success, chick body condition and survival were not related to maternal Hg or OC concentrations. Legacy contaminant exposure does not seem to represent a threat for the breeding fraction of this population over the short term. Yet, exposure to contaminants, especially Mirex, and other concurring environmental stressors should be monitored over the long-term in this declining population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Carravieri
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France.
| | - Nicholas A Warner
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Maud Brault-Favrou
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Arnaud Tarroux
- NINA-Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France
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Robuck AR, Cantwell MG, McCord J, Addison LM, Pfohl M, Strynar MJ, McKinney R, Katz DR, Wiley DN, Lohmann R. Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Juvenile Seabirds from the U.S. Atlantic Coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12938-12948. [PMID: 32894676 PMCID: PMC7700771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic, globally distributed chemicals. Legacy PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been regularly detected in marine fauna but little is known about their current levels or the presence of novel PFAS in seabirds. We measured 36 emerging and legacy PFAS in livers from 31 juvenile seabirds from Massachusetts Bay, Narragansett Bay, and the Cape Fear River Estuary (CFRE), United States. PFOS was the major legacy perfluoroalkyl acid present, making up 58% of concentrations observed across all habitats (range: 11-280 ng/g). Novel PFAS were confirmed in chicks hatched downstream of a fluoropolymer production site in the CFRE: a perfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (Nafion byproduct 2; range: 1-110 ng/g) and two perfluorinated ether carboxylic acids (PFO4DA and PFO5DoDA; PFO5DoDA range: 5-30 ng/g). PFOS was inversely associated with phospholipid content in livers from CFRE and Massachusetts Bay individuals, while δ 13C, an indicator of marine versus terrestrial foraging, was positively correlated with some long-chain PFAS in CFRE chick livers. There is also an indication that seabird phospholipid dynamics are negatively impacted by PFAS, which should be further explored given the importance of lipids for seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Robuck
- University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Mark G. Cantwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - James McCord
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Durham, NC 27709
| | | | - Marisa Pfohl
- University of Rhode Island, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Richard McKinney
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - David R. Katz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - David N. Wiley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 0
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882
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Wang Y, Yao J, Dai J, Ma L, Liu D, Xu H, Cui Q, Ma J, Zhang H. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in blood of captive Siberian tigers in China: Occurrence and associations with biochemical parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114805. [PMID: 32480004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been ubiquitously detected in the environment and marine animals. However, little is known about these substances and their associations with health parameters in wild terrestrial mammals. In this study, we determined PFAS levels and distribution in the blood of captive Siberian tigers in Harbin, China, and evaluated potential exposure pathways by daily intake. In addition, for the first time, we explored the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and clinical parameters. Results showed that perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS compound in blood (accounting for 64%), followed by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). In addition, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) concentrations were also detected in blood and dietary food. Furthermore, significant positive age relationships were observed for levels of perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), PFOA, PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA in the blood of female tigers. Results showed that PFOA and PFOS in dietary food accounted for over 70% of total daily intake of PFASs, indicating that meat consumption is a predominant exposure pathway in tigers. We also found positive associations between higher exposure to PFASs (including PFOA, PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA) and elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), a marker of liver damage. Thus, comprehensive health assessments of PFAS burdens in wildlife are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Liying Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Siberian Tiger Park, Harbin, 150028, PR China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Siberian Tiger Park, Harbin, 150028, PR China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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30
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van der Schyff V, Kwet Yive NSC, Polder A, Cole NC, Bouwman H. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tern eggs from St. Brandon's Atoll, Indian Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111061. [PMID: 32174506 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic fluorinated compounds of concern for human and environmental health. There is no data on PFAS concentrations in marine bird eggs from the Western Indian Ocean. We analysed eight PFAS in eggs of fairy terns (Gygis alba), sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus), and common noddies (Anous stolidus) from St. Brandon's Atoll. Fairy tern eggs contained the highest concentrations, followed by sooty terns and common noddies. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) had the highest mean concentration (2.3 ng/g wm), followed by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (2.0 ng/g wm), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (0.93 ng/g wm) in fairy tern eggs. Concentrations of all PFAS were lower than values found in literature. PFOS and PFOA concentrations were three orders of magnitude lower than toxicity reference values and levels of lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level concentrations. Eggs from St. Brandon's would be useful to monitor background changes on a regional and perhaps global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica van der Schyff
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Anuschka Polder
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nik C Cole
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Trinity, Jersey Channel Islands, UK; Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Gao K, Miao X, Fu J, Chen Y, Li H, Pan W, Fu J, Zhang Q, Zhang A, Jiang G. Occurrence and trophic transfer of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an Antarctic ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113383. [PMID: 31727419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Information on the occurrence and trophodynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Antarctic region is limited. We investigated the occurrence of PFASs in an ecosystem in the Fildes Peninsula at King George Island and Ardley Island, Antarctica. The profiles, spatial distribution, and trophic transfer behavior of PFASs were further studied. ∑PFASs ranged from 0.50 ± 38.0 ng/g dw (dry weight) in algae to 4.97 ± 1.17 ng/g dw in Neogastropoda (Ngas), which was lower than those in the low- and mid-latitude regions and even Arctic regions. Perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA) was predominant with detection frequencies above 50% in all types of samples, and the relative contribution of PFBA ranged from 22% to 57% in the biota samples. The biomagnification factors of PFBA, perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) between Archaeogastropoda (Agas) and Ngas were 0.67 ± 0.54, 0.77 ± 0.38, 1.04 ± 1.56, 3.30 ± 4.07, and 1.61 ± 0.89, respectively. The trophic magnification factors of PFHxS and PFOS were 2.09 and 2.92, respectively, which indicated that they could be biomagnified through the food chain. Considering the increasing production and uncertain toxicological risks of emerging PFASs and the sensitive ecosystems in Antarctic regions, more attention should be paid, especially for the short-chain ones in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Miao
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Nature Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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