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Duan Y, Sedlak DL. Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Generation and Activation Using a Dual-Cathode Flow-Through Treatment System: Enhanced Selectivity for Contaminant Removal by Electrostatic Repulsion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14042-14051. [PMID: 39042582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
To oxidize trace concentrations of organic contaminants under conditions relevant to surface- and groundwater, air-diffusion cathodes were coupled to stainless-steel cathodes that convert atmospheric O2 into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which then was activated to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH). By separating H2O2 generation from its activation and employing a flow-through electrode consisting of stainless-steel fibers, the two processes could be operated efficiently in a manner that overcame mass-transfer limitations for O2, H2O2, and trace organic contaminants. The flexibility resulting from separate control of the two processes made it possible to avoid both the accumulation of excess H2O2 and the energy losses that take place after H2O2 has been depleted. The decrease in treatment efficacy occurring in the presence of natural organic matter was substantially lower than that typically observed in homogeneous advanced oxidation processes. Experiments conducted with ionized and neutral compounds indicated that electrostatic repulsion prevented negatively charged ·OH scavengers from interfering with the oxidation of neutral contaminants. Energy consumption by the dual-cathode system was lower than values reported for other technologies intended for small-scale drinking water treatment systems. The coordinated operation of these two cathodes has the potential to provide a practical, inexpensive way for point-of-use drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Duan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Wu Y, Wu R, Zhou H, Zeng G, Kuang C, Li C. Sustainable electro-Fenton simultaneous reduction of Cr (VI) and degradation of organic pollutants via dual-site porous carbon cathode driving uncoordinated molybdenum sites conversion. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121835. [PMID: 38810345 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and organic contaminants remains a substantial challenge in the electro-Fenton (EF) system. Herein, we propose a facile and sustainable "iron-free" EF system capable of simultaneously removing hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and para-chlorophenol (4-CP). The system comprises a nitrogen-doped and carbon-deficient porous carbon (dual-site NPC-D) cathode coupled with a MoS2 nanoarray promoter (MoS2 NA). The NPC-D/MoS2 NA system exhibits exceptional synergistic electrocatalytic activity, with removal rates for Cr (VI) and 4-CP that are 20.3 and 4.4 times faster, respectively, compared to the NPC-D system. Mechanistic studies show that the dual-site structure of NPC-D cathode favors the two-electron oxygen reduction pathway with a selectivity of 81 %. Furthermore, an electric field-driven uncoordinated Mo valence state conversion of MoS2 NA enchances the generation of dynamic singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. Notably, this system shows outstanding recyclability, resilience in real wastewater, and sustainability during a 3 L scale-up operation, while effectively mitigating toxicity. Overall, this study presents an effective approach for treating multiple-component wastewater and highlights the importance of structure-activity correlation in synergistic electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rifeng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoshen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaozhi Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanhao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Momin ZH, Lingamdinne LP, Kulkarni R, Pal CA, Choi YL, Yang JK, Kang SH, Chang YY, Koduru JR. Redefining water purification: gC 3N 4-CLDH's electrochemical SMX eradication. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142921. [PMID: 39053778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of water sources by pharmaceutical compounds presents global environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of efficient water treatment technologies. In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel graphitic carbon nitride-calcined (Fe-Ca) layered double hydroxide (gC3N4-CLDH) composite for electrochemical degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water yielded significant outcomes are reported. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses confirmed well-defined composite structures with unique morphology and crystalline properties. Electrochemical degradation experiments demonstrated >98% SMX removal and >75% TOC removal under optimized conditions, highlighting its effectiveness. The composite exhibited excellent mineralization efficiency across various pH levels, with superoxide radicals (O2●-) and hydroxyl radicals (●OH) identified as primary reactive oxygen species. With remarkable regeneration capability for up to 7 cycles, the gC3N4-CLDH composite emerges as a highly promising solution for sustainable water treatment. Humic acid (HA) in water significantly slows SMX degradation, suggests complicating SMX degradation with natural organic matter. Despite this, the gC3N4-CLDH composite effectively degrades SMX in groundwater and industrial wastewater, with slight efficiency reduction in the latter due to higher impurity levels. These findings highlight the complexities of treating pharmaceutical pollutants in various water types. Overall, gC3N4-CLDH's high removal efficiency, broad pH applicability, sustainability, and mechanistic insights provide a solid foundation for future research and real-world environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Husain Momin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea
| | | | - Rakesh Kulkarni
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea
| | - Chandrika Ashwinikumar Pal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Lim Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyu Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hong Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea.
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea.
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4
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Yuan J, Chen X, Wang X, Guo Y, Ren L, Niu C, Li Y. A sequencing electroreduction-electrooxidation system driven by atomic hydrogen for enhancing 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene removal from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118986. [PMID: 38663671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The sequencing electroreduction-electrooxidation process has emerged as a promising approach for the degradation of the chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) due to its elimination of electro-withdrawing groups in the reduction process, facilitating further removal in the subsequent oxidation process. Herein, we developed a cathode consisting of atom Pd on a Ti plate, which enabled the electro-generation of atomic hydrogen (H*) and the efficient electrocatalytic activation of H2O2 to hydroxyl radical (•OH). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra verified the existence of H* and •OH. The electroreduction-electrooxidation system achieved 94.7% of 20 mg L-1 2,4-DCNB removal with a relatively low H2O2 addition (5 mM). Moreover, the inhibition rate of Photobacterium phosphoreum in the effluent decreased from 95% to 52% after the sequencing electroreduction-electrooxidation processes. It was further revealed that the H* dominated the electroreduction process and triggered the electrooxidation process. Our work sheds light on the effective removal of electron-withdrawing groups substituted aromatic contaminants from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lehui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chengxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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5
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Zhou C, Wu M, Song H, Yan Z, Yang L, Liu Y, Mao X, Sun Y. Low energy consumption pathway to improve sulfamethoxazole degradation by carbon fiber@Fe 3O 4-CuO: Electrocatalysis activity, mechanism and toxicity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:834-844. [PMID: 38277840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Catalysts play a pivotal role in advanced oxidation processes for the remediation of organic wastewater. In this study, a 3D carbon fiber@Fe3O4-CuO catalyst was fabricated, and its efficacy for persulfate activation to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was investigated at extremely low current density. The results of characterization revealed that the catalyst was uniformly distributed on the carbon fiber, and the loaded catalyst was Fe3O4-CuO nanoparticles with a diameter range of 20-50 nm. The SMX removal rate was significantly enhanced at extremely low current density by the metallic oxide catalyst loaded on carbon fiber. Approximately 90 % of SMX was degraded within 90 min when the electric current density was set at 0.1 mA cm-2. This modification process not only improved the persulfate activation efficiency but also enhanced the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Both radical and non-radical pathways were involved in the degradation of SMX. The degradation pathway mainly included hydroxylation, carboxylation, aniline cleavage, and desulfonation reactions. The quantitative structure-activity relationship model indicated that the potential risk of intermediate products to fish, daphnia, and green algae significantly decreased during the electrocatalytic oxidation process. This study provides a novel strategy for persulfate activation, which can significantly enhance the degradation efficiency, toxicity abatement, and energy usage effectiveness of electrocatalytic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huarong Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zongyu Yan
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xingzhi Mao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanlong Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
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6
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Jia Y, Li H, Zhao H, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhou W. A new strategy for improving the energy efficiency of electro-Fenton: Using N-doped activated carbon cathode with strong Fe(III) adsorption capacity to promote Fe(II) regeneration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120823. [PMID: 38583380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fe(II) regeneration plays a crucial role in the electro-Fenton process, significantly influencing the rate of ·OH formation. In this study, a method is proposed to improve Fe(II) regeneration through N-doping aimed at enhancing the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon cathode for Fe(III). N-doping not only enriched the pore structure on the surface of activated carbon, providing numerous adsorption sites, but also significantly increased the adsorption energy for Fe(III). Among the types of nitrogen introduced, pyridine-N exhibited the most substantial enhancement effect, followed by pyrrole-N, while graphite-N showed a certain degree of inhibition. Furthermore, N-doping facilitated the adsorption of all forms of Fe(III) by activated carbon. The adsorption and electrosorption rates of the NAC-900 electrode for Fe(III) were 30.33% and 42.36%, respectively. Such modification markedly enhanced the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle within the electro-Fenton system. The NAC-900 system demonstrated an impressive phenol degradation efficiency of 93.67%, alongside the lowest electricity consumption attributed to the effective "adsorption-reduction" synergy for Fe(III) on the NAC-900 electrode. Compared to the AC cathode electro-Fenton system, the degradation efficiency of the NAC-900 cathode electro-Fenton system at pH = levels ranging from 3 to 5 exceeded 90%; thus, extending the pH applicability of the electro-Fenton process. The degradation efficiency of phenol using the NAC-900 cathode electro-Fenton system in various water matrices approached 90%, indicating robust performance in real wastewater treatment scenarios. This research elucidates the impact of cathodic Fe(III) adsorption on Fe(II) regeneration within the electro-Fenton system, and clarifies the influence of different N- doping types on the cathodic adsorption of Fe(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongying Jia
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China
| | - Haiqian Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, China.
| | - Guole Zhang
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
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7
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Liu H, Li K, Wang K, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhu S, Qu D, Zhang Y, Wang J. A novel electro-Fenton hybrid system for enhancing the interception of volatile organic compounds in membrane distillation desalination. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:189-199. [PMID: 38135387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising alternative desalination technology, but the hydrophobic membrane cannot intercept volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resulting in aggravation in the quality of permeate. In term of this, electro-Fenton (EF) was coupled with sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) in a more efficient way to construct an advanced oxidation barrier at the gas-liquid interface, so that the VOCs could be trapped in this layer to guarantee the water quality of the distillate. During the so-called EF-MD process, an interfacial interception barrier containing hydroxyl radical formed on the hydrophobic membrane surface. It contributed to the high phenol rejection of 90.2% with the permeate phenol concentration lower than 1.50 mg/L. Effective interceptions can be achieved in a wide temperature range, even though the permeate flux of phenol was also intensified. The EF-MD system was robust to high salinity and could electrochemically regenerate ferrous ions, which endowed the long-term stability of the system. This novel EF-MD configuration proposed a valuable strategy to intercept VOCs in MD and will broaden the application of MD in hypersaline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zimou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sichao Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Qu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Mancuso F, Fornasiero P, Prato M, Melchionna M, Franco F, Filippini G. Nanostructured electrocatalysts for organic synthetic transformations. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5926-5940. [PMID: 38441238 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic chemists have made and are still making enormous efforts toward the development of novel green catalytic synthesis. The necessity arises from the imperative of safeguarding human health and the environment, while ensuring efficient and sustainable chemical production. Within this context, electrocatalysis provides a framework for the design of new organic reactions under mild conditions. Undoubtedly, nanostructured materials are under the spotlight as the most popular and in most cases efficient platforms for advanced organic electrosynthesis. This Minireview focuses on the recent developments in the use of nanostructured electrocatalysts, highlighting the correlation between their chemical structures and resulting catalytic abilities, and pointing to future perspectives for their application in cutting-edge areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mancuso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Franco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Chen Y, Tian L, Liu W, Mei Y, Xing QJ, Mu Y, Zheng LL, Fu Q, Zou JP, Wu D. Controllable Pyridine N-Oxidation-Nucleophilic Dechlorination Process for Enhanced Dechlorination of Chloropyridines: The Cooperation of HCO 4- and HO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4438-4449. [PMID: 38330552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dechlorination of chloropyridines can eliminate their detrimental environmental effects. However, traditional dechlorination technology cannot efficiently break the C-Cl bond of chloropyridines, which is restricted by the uncontrollable nonselective species. Hence, we propose the carbonate species-activated hydrogen peroxide (carbonate species/H2O2) process wherein the selective oxidant (peroxymonocarbonate ion, HCO4-) and selective reductant (hydroperoxide anion, HO2-) controllably coexist by manipulation of reaction pH. Taking 2-chloropyridine (Cl-Py) as an example, HCO4- first induces Cl-Py into pyridine N-oxidation intermediates, which then suffer from the nucleophilic dechlorination by HO2-. The obtained dechlorination efficiencies in the carbonate species/H2O2 process (32.5-84.5%) based on the cooperation of HCO4- and HO2- are significantly higher than those in the HO2--mediated sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide process (0-43.8%). Theoretical calculations confirm that pyridine N-oxidation of Cl-Py can effectively lower the energy barrier of the dechlorination process. Moreover, the carbonate species/H2O2 process exhibits superior anti-interference performance and low electric energy consumption. Furthermore, Cl-Py is completely detoxified via the carbonate species/H2O2 process. More importantly, the carbonate species/H2O2 process is applicable for efficient dehalogenation of halogenated pyridines and pyrazines. This work offers a simple and useful strategy to enhance the dehalogenation efficiency of halogenated organics and sheds new insights into the application of the carbonate species/H2O2 process in practical environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yi Mei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Ju Xing
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Yi Mu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Zheng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Qian Fu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
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10
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Jiang X, Chen C, Chen J, Yu S, Yu W, Shen L, Li B, Zhou M, Lin H. Atomically dispersed dual-atom catalysts: A new rising star in environmental remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169142. [PMID: 38070550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts, characterized by individual metal atoms as active centers, have emerged as promising candidates owing to their remarkable catalytic efficiency, maximum atomic utilization efficiency, and robust stability. However, the limitation of single-atom catalysts lies in their inability to cater to multistep reactions using a solitary active site. Introducing an additional metal atom can amplify the number of active sites, modulate the electronic structure, bolster adsorption ability, and enable a gamut of core reactions, thus augmenting their catalytic prowess. As such, dual-atom catalysts have risen to prominence. However, a comprehensive review elucidating the realm of dual-atom catalysts in environmental remediation is currently lacking. This review endeavors to bridge this gap, starting with a discourse on immobilization techniques for dual-atom catalysts, which includes configurations such as adjacent atoms, bridged atoms, and co-facially separated atoms. The review then delves into the intrinsic activity mechanisms of these catalysts, elucidating aspects like adsorption dynamics, electronic regulation, and synergistic effects. Following this, a comprehensive summarization of dual-atom catalysts for environmental applications is provided, spanning electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like reactions. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities in the field of dual-atom catalysts are extensively discussed. This work aims to be a beacon, illuminating the path towards the evolution and adoption of dual-atom catalysts in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialiang Jiang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shuning Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wei Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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11
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Peng Y, Bian Z, Wang F, Li S, Xu S, Wang H. Electrocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol on metal-free cathode: Superoxide radical (O 2•-) production via molecular oxygen activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132797. [PMID: 37865078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Although metal-free electrodes in molecular oxygen-activated Fenton-like wastewater treatment technologies have been developed, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation mechanisms are still not sufficiently clear. As a typical example of refractory phenolic wastewater, p-nitrophenol (PNP) has been widely studied. This study demonstrated the critical role of superoxide radicals (O2•-) in PNP degradation by metal-free electrodes through electron spin resonance (ESR), ROS quenching, and density functional theory (DFT) tests. The most superior metal-free electrode exhibited a mass activity of approximately 133.5 h-1 gcatalyst-1. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed the mechanism of O2•- generation via oxygen activation, including one- and three-electron transfer pathways, and found that O2•- mainly attacked the nitro group of PNP to degrade and transform the pollutant. This study enhances the mechanistic understanding of metal-free materials in the electrochemical degradation of refractory pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Peng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhaoyong Bian
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Shunlin Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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12
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Jiang W, Haider MR, Duan Y, Han J, Ding Y, Mi B, Wang A. Metal-free electrified membranes for contaminants oxidation: Synergy effect between membrane rejection and nanoconfinement. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120862. [PMID: 37976953 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton processes are frequently impeded by depletion of metal catalysts, unbalance between H2O2 generation and activation, and low concentration of reactive species (e.g., •OH) in the bulk solution. A metal-free electro-Fenton membrane was fabricated with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (N-CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). N-CNT acted as a catalyst for both H2O2 generation and activation, while the incorporated RGO served as the second catalyst for H2O2 generation and improved the performance of membrane rejection. The electrified membrane was optimized in terms of nitrogen precursors selection and composition of N-CNT and RGO to achieve optimal coupling between H2O2 generation and activation. The membrane fabricated with 67% mass of N-CNT with urea as the precursor achieved over 95% removal of the target contaminants in a single pass through the membrane with a water flux of 63 L m-2 h-1. This membrane also exhibited efficient transformation of various concentrations of contaminants (i.e., 1-10 mg L-1) over a broad range of pH (i.e., 3-9). Due to its good durability and low energy consumption, the metal-free electro-Fenton membrane holds promise for practical water treatment application. The concentration-catalytic oxidation model elucidated that the elevated contaminant concentration near the membrane surface enhanced the transformation rate by 40%. The nanoconfinement enhanced the transformation rate constant inside the membrane by a factor of 105 because of elevated •OH concentration inside the nanopores. Based on the prediction of this model, the configuration of the membrane reactor has been optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Jiang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Haider
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yanghua Duan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jinglong Han
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Baoxia Mi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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Zhang D, Tang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Liu X, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang D, Long Y, Liu C. Electrocatalytic Deep Dehalogenation and Mineralization of Florfenicol: Synergy of Atomic Hydrogen Reduction and Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation over Bifunctional Cathode Catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20315-20325. [PMID: 37978928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to achieve deep dehalogenation or mineralization for halogenated antibiotics using traditional reduction or oxidation processes, posing the risk of microbial activity inhibition and bacterial resistance. Herein, an efficient electrocatalytic process coupling atomic hydrogen (H*) reduction with hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation on a bifunctional cathode catalyst is developed for the deep dehalogenation and mineralization of florfenicol (FLO). Atomically dispersed NiFe bimetallic catalyst on nitrogen-doped carbon as a bifunctional cathode catalyst can simultaneously generate H* and •OH through H2O/H+ reduction and O2 reduction, respectively. The H* performs nucleophilic hydro-dehalogenation, and the •OH performs electrophilic oxidization of the carbon skeleton. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that reductive dehalogenation and oxidative mineralization processes can promote each other mutually, showing an effect of 1 + 1 > 2. 100% removal, 100% dechlorination, 70.8% defluorination, and 65.1% total organic carbon removal for FLO are achieved within 20 min (C0 = 20 mg·L-1, -0.5 V vs SCE, pH 7). The relative abundance of the FLO resistance gene can be significantly reduced in the subsequent biodegradation system. This study demonstrates that the synergy of reduction dehalogenation and oxidation degradation can achieve the deep removal of refractory halogenated organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Research Institute of HNU in Chongqing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Liu
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Hunan Zhengda Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD., Hunan University National Science Park, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yi Long
- Hunan Zhengda Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD., Hunan University National Science Park, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Taqieddin A, Sarrouf S, Ehsan MF, Alshawabkeh AN. New Insights on Designing the Next-Generation Materials for Electrochemical Synthesis of Reactive Oxidative Species Towards Efficient and Scalable Water Treatment: A Review and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:111384. [PMID: 38186676 PMCID: PMC10769459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical water remediation technologies offer several advantages and flexibility for water treatment and degradation of contaminants. These technologies generate reactive oxidative species (ROS) that degrade pollutants. For the implementation of these technologies at an industrial scale, efficient, scalable, and cost-effective in-situ ROS synthesis is necessary to degrade complex pollutant mixtures, treat large amount of contaminated water, and clean water in a reasonable amount of time and cost. These targets are directly dependent on the materials used to generate the ROS, such as electrodes and catalysts. Here, we review the key design aspects of electrocatalytic materials for efficient in-situ ROS generation. We present a mechanistic understanding of ROS generation, including their reaction pathways, and integrate this with the key design considerations of the materials and the overall electrochemical reactor/cell. This involves tunning the interfacial interactions between the electrolyte and electrode which can enhance the ROS generation rate up to ~ 40% as discussed in this review. We also summarized the current and emerging materials for water remediation cells and created a structured dataset of about 500 electrodes and 130 catalysts used for ROS generation and water treatment. A perspective on accelerating the discovery and designing of the next generation electrocatalytic materials is discussed through the application of integrated experimental and computational workflows. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive review and perspectives on designing and discovering materials for ROS synthesis, which are critical not only for successful implementation of electrochemical water remediation technologies but also for other electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stephanie Sarrouf
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Muhammad Fahad Ehsan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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15
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Haider MR, Jiang WL, Han JL, Mahmood A, Djellabi R, Liu H, Asif MB, Wang AJ. Boosting Hydroxyl Radical Yield via Synergistic Activation of Electrogenerated HOCl/H 2O 2 in Electro-Fenton-like Degradation of Contaminants under Chloride Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18668-18679. [PMID: 36730709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical production via catalytic activation of HOCl is a new type of Fenton-like process. However, metal-chlorocomplex formation under high chloride conditions could deactivate the catalyst and reduce the process efficiency. Herein, in situ electrogenerated HOCl was activated to •OH via a metal-free, B/N-codoped carbon nanofiber cathode for the first time to degrade contaminant under high chloride condition. The results show 98% degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) within 120 min (k = 0.036 min-1) under sulfate conditions, while complete degradation (k = 0.188 min-1) was obtained in only 30 min under chloride conditions. An enhanced degradation mechanism consists of an Adsorb & Shuttle process, wherein adsorption concentrates the pollutants at the cathode surface and they are subsequently oxidized by the large amount of •OH produced via activation of HOCl and H2O2 at the cathode. Density functional theory calculations verify the pyridinic N as the active site for the activation of HOCl and H2O2. The process efficiency was also evaluated by treating tetracycline and bisphenol A as well as high chloride-containing real secondary effluents from a pesticide manufacturing plant. High yields of •OH and HOCl allow continuous regeneration of the cathode for several cycles, limiting its fast deactivation, which is promising for real application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Haider
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Jing-Long Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
| | - Ayyaz Mahmood
- College of Physics and Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, P.R. China
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Huiling Liu
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha410205, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Advanced Membrane and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, P.R. China
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16
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Gu Z, Ni N, He G, Shan Y, Wu K, Hu C, Qu J. Enhanced Hydrosaturation Selectivity and Electron Transfer for Electrocatalytic Chlorophenols Hydrogenation on Ru Sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16695-16706. [PMID: 37844151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation is acknowledged as a promising strategy for chlorophenol dechlorination. However, the widely used Pd catalysts exhibit drawbacks, such as high costs and low selectivity for phenol hydrosaturation. Herein, we demonstrate the potential and mechanism of Ru in serving as a Pd substitute using 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) as a model pollutant. Up to 99.8% TCP removal efficiency and 99% selectivity to cyclohexanol, a value-added compound with an extremely low toxicity, were achieved on the Ru electrode. In contrast, only 66% of TCP was removed on the Pd electrode, with almost no hydrosaturation selectivity. The superiority of Ru over Pd was especially noteworthy in alkaline conditions or the presence of interfering species such as S2-. The theoretical simulation demonstrates that Ru possesses a hydrodechlorination energy barrier of 0.72 eV, which is comparable to that on Pd. Meanwhile, hydrosaturation requires an activation energy of 0.69 eV on Ru, which is much lower than that on Pd (0.92 eV). The main reaction mechanism on Ru is direct electron transfer, which is distinct from that on Pd (indirect pathway via atomic hydrogen, H*). This work thereby provides new insights into designing cost-effective electrocatalysts for halogenated phenol detoxification and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Wang J, Long X, Zhang IY, Huang R. Pulsed versus direct current electrochemical co-catalytic peroxymonosulfate-based system: Elevated degradation and energy efficiency with enhanced oxidation mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132004. [PMID: 37423130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the pulsed electrochemical (PE) system was investigated to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with the addition of Fe(III) to achieve efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) with reduced energy consumption, in comparison with the direct current (DC) electrochemical system. The operational conditions of PE/PMS/Fe(III) system were optimized as 4 kHz pulse frequency, 50% duty cycle, and pH 3, at which 67.6% reduction of energy consumption and enhanced degradation performance were achieved compared to the DC/PMS/Fe(III) system. Results of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis and quenching and chemical probe experiment revealed the presence of •OH, SO4•-, and 1O2 in the system, with •OH being the dominant role. The concentrations of these active species were averagely 15 ± 1% higher in the PE/PMS/Fe(III) system than those of the DC/PMS/Fe(III) system. Identification of SMX byproducts was achieved based on high resolution mass spectrometry analysis to predict the degradation pathways. The SMX byproducts could eventually be eliminated by the PE/PMS/Fe(III) system with extended treatment time. Overall, the PE/PMS/Fe(III) system was demonstrated with high energy and degradation performance, and is appear to be an robust strategy for practical treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianhu Long
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovation Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Luo H, Wan Y, Li J, Cai Y, Dang Z, Yin H. Mg xCu-biochar activated peroxydisulfate triggers reductive species for the reduction and enhanced electron-transfer degradation of electron-deficient aromatic pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131267. [PMID: 36989783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In wastewater treatment by persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs), electron-deficient aromatic pollutants (EDAPs) are refractory to nonradical pathway. To explore an efficient degradation pathway for EDAPs, MgxCu-biochar (BC) (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5) activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) was developed, which could trigger reductive species (•H) to reduce EDAPs first, and subsequently facilitate electron-transfer degradation of reduced intermediates. The roles of Mg-doping in MgxCu-BC to promote PDS activation and 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) degradation were investigated. The mechanisms were then explored via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), chemical probes and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The results showed that Mg-doping improved metal-support interactions (MSIs) of MgxCu-BC, inducing •H formation via electron transfer from Cu atoms during PDS activation, which was thermodynamically favorable. The degradation rate of DBP (kobs, 0.0494 min-1) and Br- release (5.35 mg L-1) in Mg1Cu-BC systems were more 31 and 33 times than that in Cu-BC/PDS system, respectively. The degradation mechanism of •H-enhanced electron transfer processes was that •H attacked one Br group of DBP, and then debrominated intermediates were mineralized by electron transfer processes in the Mg1Cu-BC/PDS system. Overall, this study reports a novel pathway in PS-AOPs for selective degradation of EDAPs in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhao Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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19
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Li M, Bai L, Jiang S, Sillanpää M, Huang Y, Liu Y. Electrocatalytic transformation of oxygen to hydroxyl radicals via three-electron pathway using nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube-encapsulated nickel nanocatalysts for effective organic decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131352. [PMID: 37027919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The selective electrochemical reduction of oxygen (O2) via 3e- pathway for the production of hydroxyl radicals (HO) is a promising alternative to conventional electro-Fenton process. Here, we developed a nitrogen-doped CNT-encapsulated Ni nanoparticle electrocatalyst (Ni@N-CNT) with high O2 reduction selectivity for the generation of HO•via 3e- pathway. Exposed graphitized N on the CNT shell, and Ni nanoparticles encapsulated within the tip of the N-CNT, played a key role in the generation of H2O2 intermediate (*HOOH) via a 2e- oxygen reduction reaction. Meanwhile, those encapsulated Ni nanoparticles at the tip of the N-CNT facilitated the sequential HO• generation by directly decomposing the electrogenerated *H2O2 in a 1e- reduction reaction on the N-CNT shell without inducing Fenton reaction. Improved bisphenol A (BPA) degradation efficiency were observed when compared with conventional batch system (97.5% vs 66.4%). Trials using Ni@N-CNT in a flow-through configuration demonstrated a complete removal of BPA within 30 min (k = 0.12 min-1) with a limited energy consumption of 0.068 kW·h·g-1 TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohua Li
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Liang Bai
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shengtao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Liu XC, Zhang KX, Song JS, Zhou GN, Li WQ, Ding RR, Wang J, Zheng X, Wang G, Mu Y. Tuning Fe 3O 4 for sustainable cathodic heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysis by acetylated chitosan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213480120. [PMID: 36952380 PMCID: PMC10068792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213480120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidase-like catalysts are safe and low-cost candidates to tackle the dilemma in constructing sustainable cathodic heterogeneous electro-Fenton (CHEF) catalysts for water purification, but the elusive structure-property relationship of enzyme-like catalysts constitutes a pressing challenge for the advancement of CHEF processes in practically relevant water and wastewater treatment. Herein, we probe the origins of catalytic efficiency in the CHEF process by artificially tailoring the peroxidase-like activity of Fe3O4 through a series of acetylated chitosan-based hydrogels, which serve as ecofriendly alternatives to traditional carbon shells. The optimized acetylated chitosan wrapping Fe3O4 hydrogel on the cathode shows an impressive activity and stability in CHEF process, overcoming the complicated and environmentally unfavored procedures in the electro-Fenton-related processes. Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the amide group in chitosan can modulate the intrinsic redox capacity of surficial Fe sites on Fe3O4 toward CHEF catalysis via the neutral hydrogen bond. This work provides a sustainable path and molecule-level insight for the rational design of high-efficiency CHEF catalysts and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Kun-Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Guan-Nan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Rong-Rong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230029, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
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21
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Wu F, Nan J, Wang T, Ge Z, Liu B, Chen M, Ye X. Highly selective electrosynthesis of H 2O 2 by N, O co-doped graphite nanosheets for efficient electro-Fenton degradation of p-nitrophenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130733. [PMID: 36630877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activity and selectivity of the cathode towards electrosynthesis of H2O2 are critical for electro-Fenton process. Herein, nickel-foam modified with N, O co-doped graphite nanosheets (NO-GNSs/Ni-F) was developed as a cathode for highly efficient and selective electrosynthesis of H2O2. Expectedly, the accumulation of H2O2 at pH= 3 reached 494.2 mg L-1 h-1, with the selectivity toward H2O2 generation reaching 93.0%. The synergistic effect of different oxygen-containing functional groups and N species on the performance and selectivity of H2O2 electrosynthesis was investigated by density functional theory calculations, and the combination of epoxy and graphitic N (EP + N) was identified as the most favorable configuration with the lowest theoretical overpotential for H2O2 generation. Moreover, NO-GNSs/Ni-F was applied in the electro-Fenton process for p-nitrophenol degradation, resulting in 100% removal within 15 min with the kinetic rate constant of 0.446 min-1 and 97.6% mineralization within 6 h. The efficient removal was mainly attributed to the generation of bulk ·OH. Furthermore, NO-GNSs/Ni-F exhibited excellent stability. This work provides a workable option for the enhancement of H2O2 accumulation and the efficient degradation of pollutants in electro-Fenton system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis, Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhencheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Bohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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22
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Deng F, Olvera-Vargas H, Zhou M, Qiu S, Sirés I, Brillas E. Critical Review on the Mechanisms of Fe 2+ Regeneration in the Electro-Fenton Process: Fundamentals and Boosting Strategies. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4635-4662. [PMID: 36917618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an exhaustive overview on the mechanisms of Fe3+ cathodic reduction within the context of the electro-Fenton (EF) process. Different strategies developed to improve the reduction rate are discussed, dividing them into two categories that regard the mechanistic feature that is promoted: electron transfer control and mass transport control. Boosting the Fe3+ conversion to Fe2+ via electron transfer control includes: (i) the formation of a series of active sites in both carbon- and metal-based materials and (ii) the use of other emerging strategies such as single-atom catalysis or confinement effects. Concerning the enhancement of Fe2+ regeneration by mass transport control, the main routes involve the application of magnetic fields, pulse electrolysis, interfacial Joule heating effects, and photoirradiation. Finally, challenges are singled out, and future prospects are described. This review aims to clarify the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling process in the EF process, eventually providing essential ideas for smart design of highly effective systems for wastewater treatment and valorization at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China.,Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, México
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Feng H, Liao X, Yang R, Chen S, Zhang Z, Tong J, Liu J, Wang X. Generation, toxicity, and reduction of chlorinated byproducts: Overcome bottlenecks of electrochemical advanced oxidation technology to treat high chloride wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119531. [PMID: 36580803 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is recommended for high-strength refractory organics wastewater treatment, but the accompanying chlorinated byproduct generation becomes a bottleneck that limits the application of this technology to actual wastewater. In this study, we applied EAOP (0.4-40 mA cm-2) to treat ultrafiltration effluent of an actual landfill leachate, and quantitatively assessed the toxicities of the dominant chlorinated byproducts in EAOP-treated effluent. Considering both toxic effect and dose, it followed the order: active chlorine > chlorate > perchlorate > organochlorines. The toxic active chlorine could spontaneously decompose by settling. And secondary bioreactor originally serving for denitrification could be used to reduce perchlorate and chlorate. The effects of residual active chlorine and extra carbon addition on simultaneous denitrification, perchlorate, and chlorate reduction were investigated. It seemed that 20 mg of active chlorine was an acceptable level to bioactivity, and sufficient electron donors favored the removal of chlorate and perchlorate. Pseudomonas was identified as an active chlorine tolerant chlorate-reducing bacteria. And Thauera was responsible for perchlorate reduction under the conditions of sufficient carbon source supply. Our results confirmed that the perchlorate and chlorate concentrations in the effluent below their health advisory levels were achievable, solving the issue of toxic chlorinated byproduct generation during EAOP. This study provided a solution to realistic application of EAOP to treat high chloride wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xinqing Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Jinsheng Tong
- Longyan Water Environment Development Co. Ltd., Longyan 364000, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Longyan Water Environment Development Co. Ltd., Longyan 364000, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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24
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Recent advances in application of heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysts for degrading organic contaminants in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39431-39450. [PMID: 36763272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely used in surface and ground water pollution control. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process has gained much attention due to its properties of high catalytic performance, no generation of iron sludge, and good recyclability of catalyst. As of October 2022, the cited papers and publications of EF are around 1.3 × 10-5 and 3.4 × 10-3 in web of science. Among the AOP techniques, the contaminant removal efficiencies by EF process are above 90% in most studies. Current reviews mainly focused on the mechanism of EF and few reviews comprehensively summarized heterogeneous catalysts and their applications in wastewater treatment. Thus, this review focuses on the current studies covering the period 2012-2022, and applications of heterogeneous catalysts in EF process. Two kinds of typical heterogeneous EF systems (the addition of solid catalysts and the functionalized cathode catalysts) and their applications for organic contaminants degradation in water are reviewed. In detail, solid catalysts, including iron minerals, iron oxide-based composites, and iron-free catalysts, are systematically described. Different functionalized cathode materials, containing Fe-based cathodes, carbonaceous-based cathodes, and heteroatom-doped cathodes, are also reviewed. Finally, emphasis and outlook are made on the future prospects and challenges of heterogeneous EF catalyst for wastewater treatments.
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25
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Xue C, Cao Z, Tong X, Yang P, Li S, Chen X, Liu D, Huang W. Investigation of CuCoFe-LDH as an efficient and stable catalyst for the degradation of acetaminophen in heterogeneous electro-Fenton system: Key operating parameters, mechanisms and pathways. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116787. [PMID: 36442449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, as anthropogenic pollutants in a wide range of water sources, generally require specific treatment methods for degradation. A trimetallic layered double hydroxide (CuCoFe-LDH) was successfully fabricated by coprecipitation and applied as a novel heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) catalyst for the degradation of acetaminophen (ACT) from aqueous environments. The EF experiments showed that the CuCoFe-LDH/EF process achieved 100% of ACT degradation efficiency within 60 min at pH = 5, catalyst dosage of 0.50 g/L, current density of 10 mA/cm2 and initial ACT concentration of 20 mg/L. An impressive (>80%) mineralization of ACT was obtained over a wide pH range (pH 3-9) after 180 min. Meanwhile, the role of ·OH and O2.- were certified by radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. Through mechanism exploration, the coexistence of Cu and Co on Fe-based LDHs can accelerate the interfacial electron transfer and promote the formation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus facilitating the EF process. Furthermore, the degradation by-products and possible degradation pathways of ACT in the CuCoFe-LDH/EF process were proposed. The reusability test and the treatment of various typical organic pollutants experiments indicated that the CuCoFe-LDH/EF process has excellent stability and broad application prospects. This work provides a valuable reference for the treatment of pharmaceuticals by the heterogeneous EF process in a wide range of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhenhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peizhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Songrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Wenli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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26
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Sun M, Tao XF, Tang SN, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhai LF. Bifunctional Ni@NiO catalyst supported on loofah sponge-derived carbon for electrocatalytic air oxidation of biorefractory pollutant in a coupling system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17585-17596. [PMID: 36197609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) in the air is a green oxidant, and utilization of air for pollutant removal is highly desired. Herein, we report the preparation and utilization of a novel biomass-based three-dimensional (3D) Ni@NiO/carbon composite for the electro-activation of O2 under room condition. The carbon-coated Ni@NiO nanoparticles are fabricated on a hierarchical 3D porous loofah sponge-derived carbon (LSC) support as the bifunctional catalyst for the activation of O2 via both the electro-oxidation and electro-reduction reactions. An electrocatalytic air oxidation coupling system is constructed with the Ni@NiO/LSC shell-core electrodes for pollutant degradation. A variety of organic pollutants, including pharmaceutics and personal care products (PPCPs), dyes, phenolic compounds, and real waters are mineralized by more than 60% with significantly enhanced biodegradability. Notably, the coupling system obtains high mineralization efficiency of 70.2 ± 1.9% on landfill leachate with significant biodegradability enhancement. The specific energy consumptions of the coupling system are only 6.8 ± 0.7 to 60.2 ± 3.6 kWh kg-TOC-1 in mineralizing different pollutants. The hollow structure of the LSC fibers endows the loaded Ni@NiO with superior intrinsic catalytic activity, which is associated with low reaction resistance and facile electron transfer. The Ni@NiO on LSC presents an electrocatalytic wet air oxidation (ECWAO) catalytic activity higher by 35.8% and cathodic air oxidation (CAO) catalytic activity higher by 22.7% as compared to that loaded on commercial graphite felt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Xiong-Fei Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, East China Engineering Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, East China Engineering Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Lin-Feng Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, East China Engineering Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China
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27
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Xu A, Sun X, Fan S, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Bio-FeMnOx integrated carbonaceous gas-diffusion cathode for the efficient degradation of ofloxacin by heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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E-waste derived CuAu bimetallic catalysts supported on carbon cloth enabling effective degradation of bisphenol A via an electro-Fenton process. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Eliminating Thiamphenicol with abundant H* and •OH generated on a morphologically transformed Co3O4 cathode in electric field. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Yang Q, Feng Z, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Zhao G. Boosting Singlet Oxygen Generation for Salinity Wastewater Treatment through Co-activation of Oxygen and Peroxymonosulfate in Photoelectrochemical process. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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31
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Dong C, Fang W, Yi Q, Zhang J. A comprehensive review on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136205. [PMID: 36049639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this account, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were comprehensively reviewed, which were based on electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton processes and correlative membrane filtration technology. Specifically, this review focuses on the fundamental principles and applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on a series of nanomaterials, and we compare the pros and cons of each method and point out the perspective. Further, the emerging reviews regarding AOPs rarely emphasize the involved ROS and consider the convenience of radical classification and transformation mechanism, such a review is of paramount importance to be needed. Owing to the strong oxidation ability of radical (e.g., •OH, O2•-, and SO4•-) and non-radical (e.g., 1O2 and H2O2), these ROS would attack the organic contaminants of emerging concern, thus achieving the goal of environmental remediation. Hopefully, this review can offer detailed theoretical guidance for the researchers, and we believe it able to offer the frontier knowledge of AOPs for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Dong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenzhang Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiuying Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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32
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Ren W, Zhang Q, Cheng C, Miao F, Zhang H, Luo X, Wang S, Duan X. Electro-Induced Carbon Nanotube Discrete Electrodes for Sustainable Persulfate Activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14019-14029. [PMID: 36062466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), the rate-limiting step is the mass transfer of pollutants to the electrodes due to the limited active surface areas. To this end, we established a three-dimensional (3D) EAOP system by coupling conventional graphite electrodes with dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The electrodes (particularly the anode) induced electric field spontaneously polarized CNTs into dispersed reactive particle electrodes (CNT-PEs) in the solution, which remarkably promoted electrochemical activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) to generate surface CNT-PDS* complexes and surface-bound radicals (SBRs). Based on the excited potential (ECNT-PEs) at different positions in the 3D electric field, CNT-PEs were activated into three states. (i) ECNT-PEs < Eorganic, CNT-PEs are chemically inert toward DCP oxidation; (ii) Eorganic < ECNT-PEs < Ewater, CNT-PEs will oxidize DCP via an electron-transfer process (ETP); (iii) ECNT-PEs > Ewater, both CNT-PDS* complexes and the anode will oxidize water to produce SBRs. Thus, DCP could be oxidized by CNT-PDS* complexes via ETP to form polychlorophenols on the CNT surface, causing rapid deactivation of the micro-electrodes. In contrast, SBRs attack DCP directly into chloride ions and hydroxylated products, maintaining the surface cleanliness and activity of CNT-PEs for long-term operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fei Miao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia
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33
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Wang J, Qin J, Liu B, Song S. Reaction mechanisms and toxicity evolution of Sulfamethoxazole degradation by CoFe-N doped C as Electro-Fenton cathode. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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34
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Yang W, Zhu M, Li W, Liu G, Zeng EY. Surface-catalyzed electro-Fenton with flexible nanocatalyst for removal of plasticizers from secondary wastewater effluent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129023. [PMID: 35650739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation of H2O2 with metal-free catalysts is an efficient and environmentally benign alternative to electron-Fenton (EF) for organics degradation. In the present study, flexible nanocatalysts were synthesized with self-regulated metal oxide nanoparticles (FeOx NPs) for efficient removal of plasticizers from secondary wastewater effluent (SWE). Compared with NGr/EF and FeOx@Gr/EF systems, FeOx@NGr/EF could enhance the decay kinetics of plasticizers by 3.9-4.4 times and reduce 48-59% of the disposal cost. Reactive oxygen species tests and trapping experiments proved that the surface-catalyzed EF effectively broadened the range of solution pH. Density functional theory calculations coupled with electrochemical measurements indicated that the electron transfer rates between Fe-O-C atoms were enhanced with N-doping due to strong interactions between N-Fe bond. The synergistic effects of FeOx and N could improve the oxygen reduction activity for H2O2 generation, and accelerate electron transfer between FeOx/NGr and H2O2 for •OH generation, offering an alternative for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wanbin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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35
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Wei K, Wan Y, Liao M, Cao S, Zhang H, Peng X, Gu H, Ling C, Li M, Shi Y, Ai Z, Gong J, Zhang L. A controllable reduction-oxidation coupling process for chloronitrobenzenes remediation: From lab to field trial. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118453. [PMID: 35489147 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) are typical refractory aromatic pollutants. The reduction products of CNBs often possess higher toxicity, and the electron-withdrawing substituent groups are detrimental to the ring-opening during the oxidation treatment, leading to ineffective removal of CNBs by either reduction or oxidation technology. Herein we demonstrate a controllable reduction-oxidation coupling (ROC) process composed of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and H2O2 for the effective removal of CNBs from both water and soil. In water, ZVI first reduced p-CNB into 4-chloronitrosobenzene and 4-chloroaniline intermediates, which were then suffered from the subsequent oxidative ring-opening by ·OH generated from the reaction between Fe(II) and H2O2. By controlling the addition time of H2O2, the final mineralization rate of p-CNB reached 6.6 × 10-1 h-1, about 74 times that of oxidation alone (9.0 × 10-3 h-1). More importantly, this controllable ROC process was also applicable for the site remediation of CNBs contaminated soil by either ex-situ treatment or in-situ injection, and, respectively decreased the concentrations of p-CNB, m-CNB, and o-CNB from 1105, 980, and 94 mg/kg to 3, 1, and < 1mg/kg, meeting the remediation goals (p-CNB: < 32.35 mg/kg, o-CNB and m-CNB: < 1.98 mg/kg). These laboratory and field trial results reveal that this controllable ROC strategy is very promising for the treatment of electron-withdrawing groups substituted aromatic contaminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Minzi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Huayu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Cancan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yanbiao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Jingming Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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36
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Li Y, Cai M, Ji B, Wu F, Huang LZ. Pyridinic nitrogen enables dechlorination of trichloroethylene to acetylene by green rust: Performance, mechanism and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153825. [PMID: 35157856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonous materials were found to catalyze the dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) by green rust (GR), but the catalytic mechanism was not fully understood. We have developed a facile ball milling method to synthesize N-doped graphene (NG) with various N species, catalyzing fast dechlorination of TCE to acetylene by GR with the highest acetylene production rate of ~0.1 d-1. The adsorption of TCE onto NG is mainly derived from the graphene region of NG, and high pyridinic N is essential for the enhanced TCE reduction by GR. Oxygen species did not enhance the TCE reduction in GR/NG system. High dechlorination rates are correlated to a high amount of defect in NG and a high electron conductivity of NG. Pyridinic N has the highest adsorption energy for TCE among all the N species, which leads to the highest catalytic performance. High electrochemically active surface area resulted from the high content of pyridinic N facilitate the NG-catalyzed dechlorination. The acetylene production rate in real groundwater is still around one-third of that in ultrapure water. This work not only reveals the catalytic mechanism of NG-catalyzed dechlorination by GR, but also provide a feasible approach for practical remediations of TCE-contaminated groundwater using GR-NG mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China
| | - Minjuan Cai
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bingbing Ji
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li-Zhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China.
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37
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Shokri A. Employing electro-peroxone process for degradation of Acid Red 88 in aqueous environment by Central Composite Design: A new kinetic study and energy consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133817. [PMID: 35131276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Azo dyes are primarily employed in textile industries to produce high amounts of colored organic and inorganic wastewater. Therefore, their treatments are critical. In this research, the removal and mineralization of Acid red 88 (AR88), as a widely used mono Azo dye, was inspected by the Electro-peroxone(E-peroxone) method. It is a coupling of electrochemically produced H2O2 and ozone that can produce robust hydroxyl radicals. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to explore the influence of operational variables on the removal of AR88 as a response. The optimal conditions predicted by the CCD were as the following; Applied current at 0.7 A, pH at 7.35, O3 Flowrate at 1.03 L min-1 and the concentration of AR88 at 527.29 mg. L-1. The Pareto chart showed that the concentration of AR88 has a significant influence on the response. At the predicted optimal conditions, the actual and predicted AR 88 removal were 95.4 and 92.96%, respectively. The removal of COD after 45 min was 70% representing the excessive efficiency of E-peroxone in mineralization of AR88. The E-peroxone follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics (kobs-E-peroxone = 6.56 × 10-2 min-1), which was more remarkable than the single ozonation, and electrolysis. The calculated specific energy consumption (SEC) in the E-peroxone was 40.14 kWh/Kg AR 18 removal, which was lower than the individual ozonation, and electrolysis methods. The operative production of H2O2 from O2 at the cathode is the critical factor in the high removal of AR88 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Dezful, Iran.
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38
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li K, Guo J, Yang C, Liu H, Wang J. In situ coupling of electrochemical oxidation and membrane filtration processes for simultaneous decontamination and membrane fouling mitigation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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An X, Hou Z, Yu Y, Wang J, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Red mud supported on reduced graphene oxide as photo-Fenton catalysts for organic contaminant degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Li S, Liu C, Lv W, Liu G. Incorporating Oxygen Atoms in a SnS 2 Atomic Layer to Simultaneously Stabilize Atomic Hydrogen and Accelerate the Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals for Water Decontamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4980-4987. [PMID: 35349262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) is an efficient way to address various pollutants. Surface-adsorbed atomic hydrogen (H*) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) play a key role in the PEC process. However, the instability of H* and low production of •OH considerably limit the PEC efficiency. In this study, we noted that incorporating oxygen atoms could regulate the behavior of H* by creating a locally favorable electron-rich state of S atoms in the SnS2 catalyst. The finely modulated H* led to a 12-fold decrease in the overpotential of H2O2 generation (H*-OOH*-H2O2-•OH) by decreasing the activation energy barrier of OOH* (rate-determining step). Considering density functional theory calculations, an H*-•OH redox pair suitable for a wide pH range (3-11) was successfully constructed based on the photocathode. The optimal SnS1.85O0.15 AL@TNA photocathode exhibited a ∼90% reduction in Cr(VI) in 10 min and ∼70% TOC removal of 4-nitrophenol, nearly 2- and 3-fold higher than that without oxygen incorporation. Electron spin resonance spectrometry and radical quenching experiments verified that H* and the derived •OH via 1-electron and 3-electron reduction were the main active species. Operando Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the stable SnO2 phase helped constantly activate the production of H* and •OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanpeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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41
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Gu Z, Zhang Z, Ni N, Hu C, Qu J. Simultaneous Phenol Removal and Resource Recovery from Phenolic Wastewater by Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4356-4366. [PMID: 35194996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient pollutants removal and simultaneous resource recovery from wastewater are of great significance for sustainable development. In this study, an electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) approach was developed to selectively and rapidly transform phenol to cyclohexanol, which possesses high economic value and low toxicity and can be easily recovered from the aqueous solution. A three-dimensional Ru/TiO2 electrode with abundant active sites and massive microflow channels was prepared for efficient phenol transformation. A pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.135 min-1 was observed for ECH of phenol (1 mM), which was 34-fold higher than that of traditional electrochemical oxidation (EO). Both direct electron transfer and indirect reduction by atomic hydrogen (H*) played pivotal roles in the hydrogenation of phenol ring. The ECH technique also showed excellent performance in a wide pH range of 3-11 and with a high concentration of phenol (10 mM). Moreover, the functional groups (e.g., chloro- and methyl-) on phenol showed little influence on the superiority of the ECH system. This work provides a novel and practical solution for remediation of phenolic wastewater as well as recovery of valuable organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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42
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Recent advances and trends of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment-review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Zhang J, Zhou Z, Feng Z, Zhao H, Zhao G. Fast Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals by Rerouting the Electron Transfer Pathway via Constructed Chemical Channels during the Photo-Electro-Reduction of Oxygen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1331-1340. [PMID: 34792352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the fast generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO·) via photo-electro-reduction of oxygen by rerouting the electron transfer pathway was proposed. The rate-determining step of HO· production is the formation of H2O2 and the simultaneous reduction of H2O2. Engineering of F-TiO2 with single atom Pd bonded with four F and two O atoms favored the electrocatalytic 2-electron oxygen reduction to H2O2 with as high as 99% selectivity, while the additional channel bond HO-O···Pd-F-TiO2 facilitates the photogenerated electron transfer from the conduction band to single atom Pd to reduce Pd···O-OH to HO·. The optimized HO· production rate is 9.18 μ mol L-1 min-1, which is 2.6-52.5 times higher than that in traditional advanced oxidation processes. In the application of wastewater treatment, this proposed photoelectrocatalytic oxygen reduction method, respectively, shows fast kinetics of 0.324 and 0.175 min-1 for removing bisphenol A and acetaminophen. Around 93.2% total organic carbon and 99.3% acute toxicity removal were achieved. Additionally, the degradation efficiency was less affected by the water source and pH value because of the evitable usage of metallic active sites. This work represents a fundamental investigation on the generation rate of HO·, which would pave the way for the future development of photoelectrocatalytic technologies for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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44
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He J, Yu D, Zou X, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Liu X, Zeng Y. Degradation intermediates of Amitriptyline and fundamental importance of transition metal elements in LDH-based catalysts in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton system. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Review: Clay-Modified Electrodes in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Degradation of Organic Compounds: The Potential of Structural Fe(III) as Catalytic Sites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247742. [PMID: 34947335 PMCID: PMC8703352 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are considered as a promising technology for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from industrial wastewaters. In particular, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process has several advantages such as allowing the working pH to be circumneutral or alkaline, recovering and reusing the catalyst and avoiding the release of iron in the environment as a secondary pollutant. Among different iron-containing catalysts, studies using clay-modified electrodes in HEF process are the focus in this review. Fe(III)/Fe(II) within the lattice of clay minerals can possibly serve as catalytic sites in HEF process. The description of the preparation and application of clay-modified electrodes in the degradation of model pollutants in HEF process is detailed in the review. The absence of mediators responsible for transferring electrons to structural Fe(III) and regenerating catalytic Fe(II) was considered as a milestone in the field. A comprehensive review of studies investigating the use of electron transfer mediators as well as the mechanism behind electron transfer from and to the clay mineral structure was assembled in order to uncover other milestones to be addressed in this study area.
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46
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Li T, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Feng K, Liang J, Wang D, Zhou L. Organic carbon modified Fe3O4/schwertmannite for heterogeneous Fenton reaction featuring synergistic in-situ H2O2 generation and activation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Yao Y, Liu X, Hu H, Tang Y, Hu H, Ma Z, Wang S. Synthesis and characterization of iron-nitrogen-doped biochar catalysts for organic pollutant removal and hexavalent chromium reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:334-346. [PMID: 34923271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fe, N atoms deposited on porous biochar (Fe-N@BC) composites were synthesized and employed as an efficient catalyst for organic pollutant removal and CrVI reduction. Naturally abundant, renewable and N-rich pomelo peel as a carbon and nitrogen source and unsubstituted phthalocyanine/iron phthalocyanine complexes as a Fe and nitrogen resource were used to develop the Fe-N@BC via a carbonization process. It is found that Fe-N@BC hybrids have homogeneous dispersion of Fe and N atoms on 3D hierarchically porous biochar, which significantly improves the performance toward the detoxification of organic pollutants using peroxymonosulfate as an oxidant, as well as the reduction of hexavalent chromium by formic acid as a reductant. Furthermore, the effects of Fe loading and pyrolytic temperature on catalysis were comprehensively analyzed and optimized. The excellent activity of Fe-N@BC in acid media can be attributed to the high dispersion of Fe species, high content of doped nitrogen as well as hierarchical micro-mesopores, which induce to expose more active sites for catalysis. Owing to the structure-enabled acidic stability, Fe-N@BC efficiently retains its activity as well as its structural stability after several cycles of reactions. This work provides a new approach to construct Fe, N-doped biochar as an effective catalyst for the detoxification of organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yinghao Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhenshan Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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48
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Yang Y, Wei X, Miao J, Zhang R, Xu H, Liu J, Zhu S. Electrochemical Degradation of 4-Fluorophenol in a Moveable Pd-Polypyrrole Catalyst-Mediated Reactor. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous solution by graphene/biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent-iron: Reduction enhancement behavior and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Zhao K, Quan X, Su Y, Qin X, Chen S, Yu H. Enhanced Chlorinated Pollutant Degradation by the Synergistic Effect between Dechlorination and Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation on a Bimetallic Single-Atom Catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14194-14203. [PMID: 34618424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic pollutants are highly toxic and widespread in the environment, which cause ecological risk and threaten the human health. Chlorinated pollutants are difficult to degrade and mineralize by the conventional advanced oxidation process as the C-Cl bond is resistant to reactive oxygen species oxidation. Herein, we designed a bifunctional Fe/Cu bimetallic single-atom catalyst anchored on N-doped porous carbon (FeCuSA-NPC) for the electro-Fenton process, in which chlorinated pollutants are dechlorinated on single-atom Cu and subsequently oxidized by the ·OH radical produced from O2 conversion on single-atom Fe. Benefitting from the synergistic effect between dechlorination on single-atom Cu and ·OH oxidation on single-atom Fe, the chlorinated organic pollutants can be efficiently degraded and mineralized. The mass activity for chlorinated organic pollutant degradation by FeCuSA-NPC is 545.1-1374 min-1 gmetal-1, excessing the highest value of the reported electrocatalyst. Moreover, FeCuSA-NPC is demonstrated to be pH-universal, long-term stable, and environment friendly. This work provides a new insight into the rational design of a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient removal of chlorinated organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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