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Ali S, Abbas N, Khan SA, Malik I, Mansha M. Chemical-based Hydrogen Storage Systems: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Prospectives. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400320. [PMID: 38838273 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is being acknowledged as the future energy carrier due to its high energy density and potential to mitigate the intermittency of other renewable energy sources. H2 also ensures a clean, carbon-neutral, and sustainable environment for current and forthcoming generations by contributing to the global missions of decarbonization in the transportation, industrial, and building sectors. Several H2 storage technologies are available and have been employed for its secure and economical transport. The existing H2 storage and transportation technologies like liquid-state, cryogenic, or compressed hydrogen are in use but still suffer from significant challenges regarding successful realization at the commercial level. These factors affect the overall operational cost of technology. Therefore, H2 storage demands novel technologies that are safe for mobility, transportation, long-term storage, and yet it is cost-effective. This review article presents potential opportunities for H2 storage technologies, such as physical and chemical storage. The prime characteristics and requirements of H2 storage are briefly explained. A detailed discussion of chemical-based hydrogen storage systems such as metal hydrides, chemical hydrides (CH3OH, NH3, and HCOOH), and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) is presented. Furthermore, the recent developments and challenges regarding hydrogen storage, their real-world applications, and prospects have also been debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreen Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Malik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhou MJ, Miao Y, Gu Y, Xie Y. Recent Advances in Reversible Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems: From Hydrogen Carriers to Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311355. [PMID: 38374727 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have gained significant attention for large-scale hydrogen storage due to their remarkable gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (HSC) and compatibility with existing oil and gas transportation networks for long-distance transport. However, the practical application of reversible LOHC systems has been constrained by the intrinsic thermodynamic properties of hydrogen carriers and the performances of associated catalysts in the (de)hydrogenation cycles. To overcome these challenges, thermodynamically favored carriers, high-performance catalysts, and catalytic procedures need to be developed. Here, significant advances in recent years have been summarized, primarily centered on regular LOHC systems catalyzed by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, including dehydrogenative aromatization of cycloalkanes to arenes and N-heterocyclics to N-heteroarenes, as well as reverse hydrogenation processes. Furthermore, with the development of metal complexes for dehydrogenative coupling, a new family of reversible LOHC systems based on alcohols is described that can release H2 under relatively mild conditions. Finally, views on the next steps and challenges in the field of LOHC technology are provided, emphasizing new resources for low-cost hydrogen carriers, high-performance catalysts, catalytic technologies, and application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yinjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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3
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Wei Z, Bai X, Maximov AL, Wu W. Ultrasound-assisted preparation of PdCo bimetallic nanoparticles loaded on beta zeolite for efficient catalytic hydrogen production from dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106793. [PMID: 38320445 PMCID: PMC10851009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Research and development of high-performance catalysts is a key technology to realize hydrogen energy storage and transportation based on liquid organic hydrogen carriers. Co/beta was prepared using beta zeolite as a carrier via an electrostatic adsorption (ESA)-chemical reduction method, and it was used as the template and reducing agent to prepare bimetallic catalysts via an ultrasonic assisted galvanic replacement process (UGR). The fabricated PdCo/beta were characterized by TEM, XPS, FT-IR, XRD, H2-TPR, and H2-TPD. It was shown that the ultrafine PdCo nanoparticles (NPs) are evenly distributed on the surface of the beta zeolite. There is electron transfer between metal NPs and strong-metal-support-interaction (SMSI), which results in highly efficient catalytic dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole (12H-NEC) dehydrogenation performance of PdCo bimetallic catalysts. The dehydrogenation efficiency reached 100 % in 4 h at 180 °C and 95.3 % in 6 h at 160 °C. The TOF of 146.22 min-1 is 7 times that of Pd/beta. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 66.6 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that of Pd/beta. Under the action of ultrasonic waves, the galvanic replacement reaction is accelerated, and the intermetal and metal-carrier interactions are enhanced, which improves the catalytic reaction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wei
- National Center for International Research on Catalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- National Center for International Research on Catalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - A L Maximov
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Wei Wu
- National Center for International Research on Catalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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Liu L, Zhu T, Xia M, Zhu Y, Ke H, Yang M, Cheng H, Dong Y. Identifying Noble Metal Catalysts for the Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Dibenzyltoluene: A Combined Theoretical-Experimental Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17390-17400. [PMID: 37815543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of dibenzyltoluene (DBT) using Pd-, Pt-, Ru-, and Rh-supported metal catalysts to identify the optimal catalysts for hydrogen storage and release processes. Our results demonstrated significant variation in the catalytic activity of the metal catalysts. 5 wt % Rh/Al2O3 and 5 wt % Pt/Al2O3 showed the highest activity for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation with the highest selectivity and turnover frequency (TOF), respectively. Conversely, 5 wt % Pd/Al2O3 and 5 wt % Ru/Al2O3 exhibited lower catalytic activity toward full hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Rh/Al2O3 showed the best catalytic hydrogenation activity with a TOF of 26.49 h-1 and a hydrogenation degree of 92.69% in 2 h, while Pt/Al2O3 exhibited the best catalytic dehydrogenation activity with a released H2 volume of 3755 mL, a dehydrogenation degree of 78.23%, and a TOF of 39.56 h-1 in 2 h. Additionally, we estimated the activation energies for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation to be 67.20 and 82.78 kJ/mol, respectively. Notably, the produced hydrogen gas was of high purity and suitable for use in fuel cells. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to analyze the adsorption structure and reaction energy changes of all intermediate products of DBT on the surface of the chosen catalysts. Our research provides valuable insights into developing efficient catalysts for liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Xia
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhu
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Key of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hansong Cheng
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Hubei Energy Technology Innovation Center, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Herrmann F, Grünewald M, Meijer T, Gardemann U, Feierabend L, Riese J. Operating window and flexibility of a lab-scale methanation plant. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Shipping accounts for about 3% of global CO2 emissions. In order to achieve the target set by the Paris Agreement, IMO introduced their GHG strategy. This strategy envisages 50% emission reduction from international shipping by 2050, compared with 2008. This target cannot be fulfilled if conventional fuels are used. Amongst others, hydrogen is considered to be one of the strong candidates as a zero-emissions fuel. Yet, concerns around the safety of its storage and usage have been formulated and need to be addressed. “Safety”, in this article, is defined as the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This article aims to propose a new way of comparing two systems with regard to their safety. Since safety cannot be directly measured, fuzzy set theory is used to compare linguistic terms such as “safer”. This method is proposed to be used during the alternative design approach. This approach is necessary for deviations from IMO rules, for example, when hydrogen should be used in shipping. Additionally, the properties of hydrogen that can pose a hazard, such as its wide flammability range, are identified.
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7
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Kim TW, Jeong H, Baik JH, Suh YW. State-of-the-art Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage into Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwiram Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woong Suh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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8
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Recent progress in dehydrogenation catalysts for heterocyclic and homocyclic liquid organic hydrogen carriers. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Southall E, Lukashuk L. Analysis of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16415722152530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) provide attractive opportunities for hydrogen storage and transportation. In this study, a detailed examination of the most prominent LOHCs is performed, with a focus on their properties and scope for successful process implementation, as well as catalytic materials used for the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation steps. Different properties of each potential LOHC offer significant flexibility within the technology, allowing bespoke hydrogen storage and transportation solutions to be provided. Among different LOHC systems, dibenzyltoluene/perhydro-dibenzyltoluene has been identified as one of the most promising candidates for future deployment in commercial LOHC-based hydrogen storage and transport settings, based on its physical and toxicological properties, process conditions requirements, availability and its moderate cost. PGM-based catalysts have been proven to catalyse both the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation steps for various LOHC systems, though base metal catalysts might have a potential for the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Southall
- Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 1LB, UK
| | - Liliana Lukashuk
- Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 1LB, UK
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10
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Shi L, Zhou Y, Tan X, Qi S, Smith KJ, Yi C, Yang B, Liu S. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma grafting carboxylate groups on Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for highly efficient hydrogen release from perhydro-dibenzyltoluene. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The carboxylate groups on Pt/Al2O3 catalysts increase the proportion of Pt (1 1 1) and Pt (1 0 0) planes that facilitate H18-DBT dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Suitao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kevin J. Smith
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chunhai Yi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bolun Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Shida Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Southall E, Lukashuk L. Hydrogen Storage and Transportation Technologies to Enable the Hydrogen Economy: Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16415717819428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reliable storage and transportation of hydrogen at scale is a challenge which needs to be tackled to allow a robust and on-demand hydrogen supply when moving towards a global low carbon hydrogen economy with the aim of meeting net-zero climate goals. Numerous technologies and options are currently being explored for effective hydrogen storage and transportation to facilitate a smooth transition to the hydrogen economy. This paper provides an overview of different hydrogen storage and transportation technologies, focusing in more detail on liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), its advantages and disadvantages, and future considerations for the optimisation of the LOHC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Southall
- Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 1LB, UK
| | - Liliana Lukashuk
- Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 1LB, UK
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12
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Hydrogen Storage: Thermodynamic Analysis of Alkyl-Quinolines and Alkyl-Pyridines as Potential Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are aromatic molecules, which can be considered as an attractive option for the storage and transport of hydrogen. A considerable amount of hydrogen up to 7–8% wt. can be loaded and unloaded with a reversible chemical reaction. Substituted quinolines and pyridines are available from petroleum, coal processing, and wood preservation, or they can be synthesized from aniline. Quinolines and pyridines can be considered as potential LOHC systems, provided they have favorable thermodynamic properties, which were the focus of this current study. The absolute vapor pressures of methyl-quinolines were measured using the transpiration method. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporization of alkyl-substituted quinolines and pyridines were derived from the vapor pressure temperature dependencies. Thermodynamic data on vaporization and formation enthalpies available in the literature were collected, evaluated, and combined with our own experimental results. The theoretical standard molar gas-phase enthalpies of formation of quinolines and pyridines, calculated using the quantum-chemical G4 methods, agreed well with the evaluated experimental data. Reliable standard molar enthalpies of formation in the liquid phase were derived by combining high-level quantum chemistry values of gas-phase enthalpies of formation with experimentally determined enthalpies of vaporization. The liquid-phase hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction enthalpies of alkyl-substituted pyridines and quinolines were calculated and compared with the data for other potential liquid organic hydrogen carriers. The comparatively low enthalpies of reaction make these heteroaromatics a seminal LOHC system.
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Hydrogen production from decalin over silica-supported platinum catalysts: a kinetic and thermodynamic study. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Performance Analysis of the Perhydro-Dibenzyl-Toluene Dehydrogenation System—A Simulation Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The depletion of conventional energy resources has drawn the world’s attention towards the use of alternate energy resources, which are not only efficient but sustainable as well. For this purpose, hydrogen is considered the fuel of the future. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have proved themselves as a potential option for the release and storage of hydrogen. The present study is aimed to analyze the performance of the perhydro-dibenzyl-toluene (PDBT) dehydrogenation system, for the release of hydrogen, under various operational conditions, i.e., temperature range of 270–320 °C, pressure range of 1–3 bar, and various platinum/palladium-based catalysts. For the operational system, the optimum operating conditions selected are 320 °C and 2 bar, and 2 wt. % Pt/Al2O3 as a suitable catalyst. The configuration is analyzed based on exergy analysis i.e., % exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction rate (kW), and two optimization strategies are developed using principles of process integration. Based on exergy analysis, strategy # 2, where the product’s heat is utilized to preheat the feed, and utilities consumption is minimized, is selected as the most suitable option for the dehydrogenation system. The process is simulated and optimized using Aspen HYSYS® V10.
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15
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Hydrogen Road Transport Analysis in the Energy System: A Case Study for Germany through 2050. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-free transportation is envisaged by means of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) propelled by hydrogen that originates from renewably electricity. However, there is a spatial and temporal gap in the production and demand of hydrogen. Therefore, hydrogen storage and transport remain key challenges for sustainable transportation with FCEVs. In this study, we propose a method for calculating a spatially resolved highway routing model for Germany to transport hydrogen by truck from the 15 production locations (source) to the 9683 fueling stations (sink) required by 2050. We consider herein three different storage modes, namely compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2), liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC). The model applies Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm for all available source-sink connections prior to optimizing the supply. By creating a detailed routing result for each source-sink connection, a detour factor is introduced for “first and last mile” transportation. The average detour factor of 1.32 is shown to be necessary for the German highway grid. Thereafter, the related costs, transportation time and travelled distances are calculated and compared for the examined storage modes. The overall transportation cost result for compressed gaseous hydrogen is 2.69 €/kgH2, 0.73 €/kgH2 for liquid hydrogen, and 0.99 €/kgH2 for LOHCs. While liquid hydrogen appears to be the most cost-efficient mode, with the integration of the supply chain costs, compressed gaseous hydrogen is more convenient for minimal source-sink distances, while liquid hydrogen would be suitable for distances greater than 130 km.
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17
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Energetics of LOHC: Structure-Property Relationships from Network of Thermochemical Experiments and in Silico Methods. HYDROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The storage of hydrogen is the key technology for a sustainable future. We developed an in silico procedure, which is based on the combination of experimental and quantum-chemical methods. This method was used to evaluate energetic parameters for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions of various pyrazine derivatives as a seminal liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC), that are involved in the hydrogen storage technologies. With this in silico tool, the tempo of the reliable search for suitable LOHC candidates will accelerate dramatically, leading to the design and development of efficient materials for various niche applications.
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18
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Zhou QQ, Zou YQ, Ben-David Y, Milstein D. A Reversible Liquid-to-Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier System Based on Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol. Chemistry 2020; 26:15487-15490. [PMID: 33459426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are powerful systems for the efficient unloading and loading molecular hydrogen. Herein, a liquid-to-liquid organic hydrogen carrier system based on reversible dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol (EG) with ethanol catalysed by ruthenium pincer complexes is reported. Noticeable advantages of the current LOHC system is that both reactants (hydrogen-rich components) and the produced esters (hydrogen-lean components) are liquids at room temperature, and the dehydrogenation process can be performed under solvent and base-free conditions. Moreover, the hydrogenation reaction proceeds under low hydrogen pressure (5 bar), and the LOHC system has a relatively high theoretical gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (HSC>5.0 wt %), presenting an attractive hydrogen storage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Quan Zhou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Potential Liquid-Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) Systems: A Review on Recent Progress. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13226040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels and rising global warming challenges encourage to find safe and viable energy storage and delivery technologies. Hydrogen is a clean, efficient energy carrier in various mobile fuel-cell applications and owned no adverse effects on the environment and human health. However, hydrogen storage is considered a bottleneck problem for the progress of the hydrogen economy. Liquid-organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are organic substances in liquid or semi-solid states that store hydrogen by catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes over multiple cycles and may support a future hydrogen economy. Remarkably, hydrogen storage in LOHC systems has attracted dramatically more attention than conventional storage systems, such as high-pressure compression, liquefaction, and absorption/adsorption techniques. Potential LOHC media must provide fully reversible hydrogen storage via catalytic processes, thermal stability, low melting points, favorable hydrogenation thermodynamics and kinetics, large-scale availability, and compatibility with current fuel energy infrastructure to practically employ these molecules in various applications. In this review, we present various considerable aspects for the development of ideal LOHC systems. We highlight the recent progress of LOHC candidates and their catalytic approach, as well as briefly discuss the theoretical insights for understanding the reaction mechanism.
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20
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Nazir H, Muthuswamy N, Louis C, Jose S, Prakash J, Buan MEM, Flox C, Chavan S, Shi X, Kauranen P, Kallio T, Maia G, Tammeveski K, Lymperopoulos N, Carcadea E, Veziroglu E, Iranzo A, M Kannan A. Is the H 2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part III: H 2 usage technologies, applications, and challenges and opportunities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2020; 45:28217-28239. [PMID: 32863546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy enthusiasts in developed countries explore sustainable and efficient pathways for accomplishing zero carbon footprint through the H2 economy. The major objective of the H2 economy review series is to bring out the status, major issues, and opportunities associated with the key components such as H2 production, storage, transportation, distribution, and applications in various energy sectors. Specifically, Part I discussed H2 production methods including the futuristic ones such as photoelectrochemical for small, medium, and large-scale applications, while Part II dealt with the challenges and developments in H2 storage, transportation, and distribution with national and international initiatives. Part III of the H2 economy review discusses the developments and challenges in the areas of H2 application in chemical/metallurgical industries, combustion, and fuel cells. Currently, the majority of H2 is being utilized by a few chemical industries with >60% in the oil refineries sector, by producing grey H2 by steam methane reforming on a large scale. In addition, the review also presents the challenges in various technologies for establishing greener and sustainable H2 society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nazir
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Navaneethan Muthuswamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands Vei 4, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Cindrella Louis
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, TN, India
| | - Sujin Jose
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai 625021, TN, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Marthe E M Buan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Cristina Flox
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sai Chavan
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Xuan Shi
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Pertti Kauranen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Gilberto Maia
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, University City, Senador Filinto Müller Avenue No. 1555, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Kaido Tammeveski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nikolaos Lymperopoulos
- Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, Avenue de La Toison D'Or 56-60, B-1060, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Carcadea
- National Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, National R&D Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI, 4 Uzinei Street, Ramnicu Valcea, 240050, Romania
| | - Emre Veziroglu
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, International Association for Hydrogen Energy, USA
| | - Alfredo Iranzo
- School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de Los Descubrimientos, S/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Arunachala M Kannan
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
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21
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Water Removal from LOHC Systems. HYDROGEN 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen1010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) store hydrogen by reversible hydrogenation of a carrier material. Water can enter the system via wet hydrogen coming from electrolysis as well as via moisture on the catalyst. Removing this water is important for reliable operation of the LOHC system. Different approaches for doing this have been evaluated on three stages of the process. Drying of the hydrogen, before entering the LOHC system itself, is preferable. A membrane drying process turns out to be the most efficient way. If the water content in the LOHC system is still so high that liquid–liquid demixing occurs, it is crucial for water removal to enhance the slow settling. Introduction of an appropriate packing can help to separate the two phases as long as the volume flow is not too high. Further drying below the rather low solubility limit is challenging. Introduction of zeolites into the system is a possible option. Water adsorbs on the surface of the zeolite and moisture content is therefore decreased.
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22
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Kormányos A, Speck FD, Mayrhofer KJJ, Cherevko S. Influence of Fuels and pH on the Dissolution Stability of Bifunctional PtRu/C Alloy Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kormányos
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian D. Speck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstaße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstaße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Shi L, Zhou Y, Qi S, Smith KJ, Tan X, Yan J, Yi C. Pt Catalysts Supported on H2 and O2 Plasma-Treated Al2O3 for Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of the Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Pair Dibenzyltoluene and Perhydrodibenzyltoluene. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Suitao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Kevin J. Smith
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xiao Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Yi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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24
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Abstract
The recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO2 and renewable CO2 production is not made, or even between CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.
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25
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Yang X, Song Y, Cao T, Wang L, Song H, Lin W. The double tuning effect of TiO2 on Pt catalyzed dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Density functional theory study on the dehydrogenation of 1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane and 2-methyl piperidine on Pd and Pt catalysts. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Our planet urgently needs sustainable solutions to alleviate the anthropogenic global warming and climate change. Homogeneous catalysis has the potential to play a fundamental role in this process, providing novel, efficient, and at the same time eco-friendly routes for both chemicals and energy production. In particular, pincer-type ligation shows promising properties in terms of long-term stability and selectivity, as well as allowing for mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Indeed, pincer complexes have been applied to a plethora of sustainable chemical processes, such as hydrogen release, CO2 capture and conversion, N2 fixation, and biomass valorization for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. In this work, we show the main advances of the last five years in the use of pincer transition metal complexes in key catalytic processes aiming for a more sustainable chemical and energy production.
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28
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Aakko-Saksa PT, Vehkamäki M, Kemell M, Keskiväli L, Simell P, Reinikainen M, Tapper U, Repo T. Hydrogen release from liquid organic hydrogen carriers catalysed by platinum on rutile-anatase structured titania. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1657-1660. [PMID: 31939461 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) is an interesting concept for hydrogen storage. We describe herein a new, active catalyst system for dehydrogenation of perhydrogenated dibenzyl toluene (H18-DBT), which is a promising LOHC candidate. Pt supported on a rutile-anatase form of titania was found to be more active than Pt supported on anatase-only titania, or on alumina, and almost equally active as Pt supported on carbon. Robust and durable metal oxide supports are preferred for catalysing reactions at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Aakko-Saksa
- University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - M Vehkamäki
- University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Kemell
- University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - L Keskiväli
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - P Simell
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - M Reinikainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - U Tapper
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - T Repo
- University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Auer F, Hupfer A, Bösmann A, Szesni N, Wasserscheidpeter P. Influence of the nanoparticle size on hydrogen release and side product formation in liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems with supported platinum catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an alumina supported Pt catalyst in the hydrogen release from perhydro-dibenzyltoluene is strongly depending on the mean Pt nanoparticle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Auer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Hupfer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Bösmann
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Normen Szesni
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
- 83052 Bruckmühl
- Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheidpeter
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
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30
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A highly active bifunctional Ru–Pd catalyst for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Hydrogen Storage for Mobility: A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12121973. [PMID: 31248099 PMCID: PMC6630991 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reviews on hydrogen storage have previously been published. However, most of these reviews deal either exclusively with storage materials or the global hydrogen economy. This paper presents a review of hydrogen storage systems that are relevant for mobility applications. The ideal storage medium should allow high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, quick uptake and release of fuel, operation at room temperatures and atmospheric pressure, safe use, and balanced cost-effectiveness. All current hydrogen storage technologies have significant drawbacks, including complex thermal management systems, boil-off, poor efficiency, expensive catalysts, stability issues, slow response rates, high operating pressures, low energy densities, and risks of violent and uncontrolled spontaneous reactions. While not perfect, the current leading industry standard of compressed hydrogen offers a functional solution and demonstrates a storage option for mobility compared to other technologies.
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32
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Oh J, Bathula HB, Park JH, Suh YW. A sustainable mesoporous palladium-alumina catalyst for efficient hydrogen release from N-heterocyclic liquid organic hydrogen carriers. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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33
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Intensified LOHC-Dehydrogenation Using Multi-Stage Microstructures and Pd-Based Membranes. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8040112. [PMID: 30463225 PMCID: PMC6315335 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are able to store hydrogen stably and safely in liquid form. The carrier can be loaded or unloaded with hydrogen via catalytic reactions. However, the release reaction brings certain challenges. In addition to an enormous heat requirement, the released hydrogen is contaminated by traces of evaporated LOHC and by-products. Micro process engineering offers a promising approach to meet these challenges. In this paper, a micro-structured multi-stage reactor concept with an intermediate separation of hydrogen is presented for the application of perhydro-dibenzyltoluene dehydrogenation. Each reactor stage consists of a micro-structured radial flow reactor designed for multi-phase flow of LOHC and released hydrogen. The hydrogen is separated from the reactors’ gas phase effluent via PdAg-membranes, which are integrated into a micro-structured environment. Separate experiments were carried out to describe the kinetics of the reaction and the separation ability of the membrane. A model was developed, which was fed with these data to demonstrate the influence of intermediate separation on the efficiency of LOHC dehydrogenation.
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34
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Wunsch A, Kant P, Mohr M, Haas-Santo K, Pfeifer P, Dittmeyer R. Recent Developments in Compact Membrane Reactors with Hydrogen Separation. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8040107. [PMID: 30441750 PMCID: PMC6316824 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen production and storage in small and medium scale, and chemical heat storage from renewable energy, are of great interest nowadays. Micro-membrane reactors for reforming of methane, as well as for the dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), have been developed. The systems consist of stacked plates with integrated palladium (Pd) membranes. As an alternative to rolled and electroless plated (Pd) membranes, the development of a cost-effective method for the fabrication of Pd membranes by suspension plasma spraying is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wunsch
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Paul Kant
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Marijan Mohr
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Katja Haas-Santo
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Peter Pfeifer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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35
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Kim TW, Park S, Oh J, Shin CH, Suh YW. Hydrogenation of the LOHC Compound Monobenzyl Toluene over ZrO2
-supported Ru Nanoparticles: A Consequence of Zirconium Hydroxide's Surface Hydroxyl Group and Surface Area. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Wangsimni-ro 222 04763 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seowoo Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Wangsimni-ro 222 04763 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Wangsimni-ro 222 04763 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ho Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Chungbuk National University; Chungdae-ro 1 28644 Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woong Suh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Wangsimni-ro 222 04763 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science; Hanyang University; Wangsimni-ro 222 04763 Seoul Republic of Korea
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36
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Ventura-Espinosa D, Sabater S, Carretero-Cerdán A, Baya M, Mata JA. High Production of Hydrogen on Demand from Silanes Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes as a Versatile Hydrogen Storage System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ventura-Espinosa
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat
s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Sara Sabater
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat
s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Alba Carretero-Cerdán
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat
s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A. Mata
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat
s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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37
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Moro Ouma CN, Modisha P, Bessarabov D. Insight into the adsorption of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, perhydro-i-dibenzyltoluene (i = m, o, p), on Pt, Pd and PtPd planar surfaces. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31895-31904. [PMID: 35547501 PMCID: PMC9086217 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) interaction with a planar surface of a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Naphtaly Moro Ouma
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence
- Faculty of Engineering
- North-West University (NWU)
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
| | - Phillimon Modisha
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence
- Faculty of Engineering
- North-West University (NWU)
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
| | - Dmitri Bessarabov
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence
- Faculty of Engineering
- North-West University (NWU)
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
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38
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Preuster P, Alekseev A, Wasserscheid P. Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 8:445-471. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Future energy systems will be determined by the increasing relevance of solar and wind energy. Crude oil and gas prices are expected to increase in the long run, and penalties for CO2 emissions will become a relevant economic factor. Solar- and wind-powered electricity will become significantly cheaper, such that hydrogen produced from electrolysis will be competitively priced against hydrogen manufactured from natural gas. However, to handle the unsteadiness of system input from fluctuating energy sources, energy storage technologies that cover the full scale of power (in megawatts) and energy storage amounts (in megawatt hours) are required. Hydrogen, in particular, is a promising secondary energy vector for storing, transporting, and distributing large and very large amounts of energy at the gigawatt-hour and terawatt-hour scales. However, we also discuss energy storage at the 120–200-kWh scale, for example, for onboard hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles using compressed hydrogen storage. This article focuses on the characteristics and development potential of hydrogen storage technologies in light of such a changing energy system and its related challenges. Technological factors that influence the dynamics, flexibility, and operating costs of unsteady operation are therefore highlighted in particular. Moreover, the potential for using renewable hydrogen in the mobility sector, industrial production, and the heat market is discussed, as this potential may determine to a significant extent the future economic value of hydrogen storage technology as it applies to other industries. This evaluation elucidates known and well-established options for hydrogen storage and may guide the development and direction of newer, less developed technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Preuster
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Preuster P, Papp C, Wasserscheid P. Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): Toward a Hydrogen-free Hydrogen Economy. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:74-85. [PMID: 28004916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The need to drastically reduce CO2 emissions will lead to the transformation of our current, carbon-based energy system to a more sustainable, renewable-based one. In this process, hydrogen will gain increasing importance as secondary energy vector. Energy storage requirements on the TWh scale (to bridge extended times of low wind and sun harvest) and global logistics of renewable energy equivalents will create additional driving forces toward a future hydrogen economy. However, the nature of hydrogen requires dedicated infrastructures, and this has prevented so far the introduction of elemental hydrogen into the energy sector to a large extent. Recent scientific and technological progress in handling hydrogen in chemically bound form as liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) supports the technological vision that a future hydrogen economy may work without handling large amounts of elemental hydrogen. LOHC systems are composed of pairs of hydrogen-lean and hydrogen-rich organic compounds that store hydrogen by repeated catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycles. While hydrogen handling in the form of LOHCs allows for using the existing infrastructure for fuels, it also builds on the existing public confidence in dealing with liquid energy carriers. In contrast to hydrogen storage by hydrogenation of gases, such as CO2 or N2, hydrogen release from LOHC systems produces pure hydrogen after condensation of the high-boiling carrier compounds. This Account highlights the current state-of-the-art in hydrogen storage using LOHC systems. It first introduces fundamental aspects of a future hydrogen economy and derives therefrom requirements for suitable LOHC compounds. Molecular structures that have been successfully applied in the literature are presented, and their property profiles are discussed. Fundamental and applied aspects of the involved hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis are discussed, characteristic differences for the catalytic conversion of pure hydrocarbon and nitrogen-containing LOHC compounds are derived from the literature, and attractive future research directions are highlighted. Finally, applications of the LOHC technology are presented. This part covers stationary energy storage (on-grid and off-grid), hydrogen logistics, and on-board hydrogen production for mobile applications. Technology readiness of these fields is very different. For stationary energy storage systems, the feasibility of the LOHC technology has been recently proven in commercial demonstrators, and cost aspects will decide on their further commercial success. For other highly attractive options, such as, hydrogen delivery to hydrogen filling stations or direct-LOHC-fuel cell applications, significant efforts in fundamental and applied research are still needed and, hopefully, encouraged by this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Preuster
- Lehrstuhl
für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl
für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Dürr S, Müller M, Jorschick H, Helmin M, Bösmann A, Palkovits R, Wasserscheid P. Carbon Dioxide-Free Hydrogen Production with Integrated Hydrogen Separation and Storage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:42-47. [PMID: 27335155 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An integration of CO2 -free hydrogen generation through methane decomposition coupled with hydrogen/methane separation and chemical hydrogen storage through liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems is demonstrated. A potential, very interesting application is the upgrading of stranded gas, for example, gas from a remote gas field or associated gas from off-shore oil drilling. Stranded gas can be effectively converted in a catalytic process by methane decomposition into solid carbon and a hydrogen/methane mixture that can be directly fed to a hydrogenation unit to load a LOHC with hydrogen. This allows for a straight-forward separation of hydrogen from CH4 and conversion of hydrogen to a hydrogen-rich LOHC material. Both, the hydrogen-rich LOHC material and the generated carbon on metal can easily be transported to destinations of further industrial use by established transport systems, like ships or trucks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dürr
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Jorschick
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Helmin
- Lehrstuhl für Heterogene Katalyse und Technische Chemie, RWTH Aachen and JARA Energy, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bösmann
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Lehrstuhl für Heterogene Katalyse und Technische Chemie, RWTH Aachen and JARA Energy, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Do G, Preuster P, Aslam R, Bösmann A, Müller K, Arlt W, Wasserscheid P. Hydrogenation of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier compound dibenzyltoluene – reaction pathway determination by 1H NMR spectroscopy. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic hydrogenation of the LOHC compound dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy in order to elucidate the reaction pathway of its charging process with hydrogen in the context of future hydrogen storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Do
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - P. Preuster
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - R. Aslam
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - A. Bösmann
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - K. Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - W. Arlt
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - P. Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
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