1
|
Xu L, Luo ML, Dai JJ, Zhu H, Li P, Wang D, Yang FQ. Applications of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity for the detection of phytochemicals and hazardous substances in plant samples. Chin Med 2024; 19:140. [PMID: 39380087 PMCID: PMC11462967 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants such as herbs, vegetables, fruits, and cereals are closely related to human life. Developing effective testing methods to ensure their safety and quantify their active components are of significant importance. Recently, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity (known as nanozymes) have been widely developed in various assays, including colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemical analysis. This review presents the latest advances in analyzing phytochemicals and hazardous substances in plant samples based on nanozymes, including some active ingredients, organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metal ions, and mycotoxins. Additionally, the current shortcomings and challenges of the actual sample analysis were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo X, Zhang Y, Huang B, Han L. Organophosphorus Hydrolase-like Nanozyme with an Activity-Quenched Aggregation-Induced Emission Effect: A Self-Reporting and Specific Assay of Nerve Agents. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39369390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Given the promising prospect of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) in fluorescence assays, it is interesting and significant to endow AIEgens with molecular recognition capability (such as enzyme-like activity). Here, an AIE nanomaterial with intrinsic enzyme-like activity (named as "AIEzyme") is designed and synthesized via a facile coordination polymerization of Zr4+ and AIE ligands. AIEzyme possesses enhanced and stable fluorescence in different solvents because of the AIE effect of ligands in the rigid structure of a coordination polymer. On the other hand, the organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH)-mimicking activity of AIEzyme exhibits excellent affinity and specific activity. Interestingly, the OPH-like activity can quench the inherent fluorescence of AIEzyme by the hydrolysate of a typical organophosphorus nerve agent (OPNA), diethyl-4-nitrophenylphosphate. Due to the sensitive activity-induced quenching effect for AIE, the self-reporting fluorescence assay method based on AIEzyme was established, which shows ultrahigh sensitivity, high selectivity, good storage stability, and acceptable reliability for a real sample assay. Moreover, the simultaneous colorimetric method broadens the detection range and the application scenarios. The proposed assay method avoided the interference of O2 during detection because the OPH-like activity does not derive from the generation of ROS. As a bonus, AIEzyme can also be used for the degradation of OPNAs by OPH-like activity, and the process can be self-monitored by AIE quenching. This work would provide a new opportunity for expanding the application of AIEgens and artificial enzymes by endowing AIEgens with enzyme-like activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Yucui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Baojian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Q, Yan R, Zhang Y, Lei C. Cobalt and zinc nanoparticles from pyrolysis of their MOF precursors exhibiting potent organophosphorus hydrolase-mimicking activities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8216-8219. [PMID: 38919023 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt and zinc nanoparticles from pyrolysis of cobalt-containing ZIF-67 and zinc-containing ZIF-90 exhibited potent organophosphorus hydrolase-mimicking activities for the hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds within minutes at pH 9.0 and 25-40 °C. The resulting nanozymes could find potential applications in many areas such as chemical decontamination, environmental protection and defense of chemical weapons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfang Zhou
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Rongqiu Yan
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Chenghong Lei
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ayaz S, Uluçay S, Üzer A, Dilgin Y, Apak R. A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibition based colorimetric biosensor for the detection of paraoxon ethyl using CUPRAC reagent as chromogenic oxidant. Talanta 2024; 266:124962. [PMID: 37499364 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel colorimetric biosensor for the sensitive and selective detection of an organophosphate pesticide, paraoxon ethyl (POE), was developed based on its inhibitory effect on the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme. The bis-neocuproine copper (II) complex ([Cu(Nc)2]2+) known as the CUPRAC reagent, was used as a chromogenic oxidant in the AChE inhibition-based biosensors for the first time. To initiate the biosensor, an enzymatic reaction takes place between AChE and its substrate acetylthiocholine (ATCh). Then, enzymatically produced thiocholine (TCh) reacts with the light blue [Cu(Nc)2]2+ complex, resulting in the oxidation of TCh to its disulfide form. On the other hand, [Cu(Nc)2]2+ reduces to a yellow-orange cuprous complex ([Cu(Nc)2]+) which gives maximum absorbance at 450 nm. However, the absorbance of [Cu(Nc)2]+ proportionally decreased with the addition of POE because the inhibition of AChE by the organophosphate pesticide reduced the amount of TCh that would give a colorimetric reaction with the CUPRAC reagent. Based on this strategy, the linear response range of a colorimetric biosensor was found to be between 0.15 and 1.25 μM with a detection limit of 0.045 μM. The fabricated biosensor enabled the selective determination of POE in the presence of some other pesticides and metal ions. The recovery results between 92% and 104% were obtained from water and soil samples spiked with POE, indicating that the determination of POE in real water and soil samples can be performed with this simple, accurate, sensitive, and low-cost colorimetric biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Ayaz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sude Uluçay
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry Engineering, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- İstanbul University -Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul-Avcılar, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Dilgin
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Reşat Apak
- İstanbul University -Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul-Avcılar, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liquid crystal-based sensor for real-time detection of paraoxon pesticides based on acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:122. [PMID: 36890280 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
A liquid crystal-based assay (LC) was developed to monitor paraoxon by incorporating a Cu2+ -coated substrate and the inhibitory effect of paraoxon with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We observed that thiocholine (TCh), a hydrolysate of AChE and acetylthiocholine (ATCh), interfered with the alignment of 5CB films through a reaction between Cu2+ ions and the thiol moiety of TCh. The catalytic activity of AChE was inhibited in the presence of paraoxon due to the irreversible interaction between TCh and paraoxon; consequently, no TCh molecule was available to interact with Cu2+ on the surface. This resulted in a homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal. The proposed sensor platform sensitively quantified paraoxon with a detection limit of 2.20 ± 0.11 (n = 3) nM within a range of 6 to 500 nM. The specificity and reliability of the assay were verified by measuring paraoxon in the presence of various suspected interfering substances and spiked samples. As a result, the sensor based on LC can potentially be used as a screening tool for accurate evaluation of paraoxon and other organophosphorus compounds.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gai P, Pu L, Wang C, Zhu D, Li F. CeO2@NC nanozyme with robust dephosphorylation ability of phosphotriester: A simple colorimetric assay for rapid and selective detection of paraoxon. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 220:114841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Rehman AU, Fayaz M, Lv H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Du L, Wang R, Shi K. Controllable Synthesis of a Porous PEI-Functionalized Co 3O 4/rGO Nanocomposite as an Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous as Well as Individual Detection of Heavy Metal Ions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5870-5882. [PMID: 35224348 PMCID: PMC8867791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the strategy of employing an electrochemical sensor with a porous polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (NCP) to detect heavy metal ions (HMIs: Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+). The porous PEI-functionalized Co3O4/rGO NCP (rGO·Co3O4·PEI) was prepared via a hydrothermal method. The synthesized NCP was based on a conducting polymer PEI, rGO, nanoribbons of Co3O4, and highly dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), which have shown excellent performance in the detection of HMIs. The as-prepared PEI-functionalized rGO·Co3O4·PEI NCP-modified electrode was used for the sensing/detection of HMIs by means of both square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWV) and differential normal pulse voltammetry (DNPV) methods for the first time. Both methods were employed for the simultaneous detection of HMIs, whereas SWV was employed for the individual analysis as well. The limits of detection (LOD; 3σ method) for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ determined using the rGO·Co3O4·PEI NCP-modified electrode were 0.285, 1.132, 1.194, and 1.293 nM for SWV, respectively. Similarly, LODs of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ were 1.069, 0.285, 2.398, and 1.115 nM, respectively, by DNPV during simultaneous analysis, whereas they were 0.484, 0.878, 0.462, and 0.477 nM, respectively, by SWV in individual analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afrasiab Ur Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, Khushal Khan Khattak University,
Karak, 27200 Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of
Education. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Fayaz
- Department
of Chemistry, Khushal Khan Khattak University,
Karak, 27200 Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan
| | - He Lv
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of
Education. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of
Education. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Modern
Experiment Center, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of
Education. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Modern
Experiment Center, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of
Education. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Keying Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of
Education. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Guo L, Chen L, Lin C, Wang L. A novel imine-linked covalent organic framework for rapid detection of methyl paraoxon. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5727-5734. [PMID: 34812807 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methyl paraoxon (MP) has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its severe neurotoxicity and respiratory toxicity. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop new and sensitive MP detection methods for health protection and public safety. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are widely used in fluorescence detection because they can effectively transmit and amplify probe signals with multiple identical binding sites within an extended framework. Here, COFML-DHTA nanosheet material was synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of melem (ML) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHTA). The resulting COFML-DHTA exhibits remarkable luminescence quenching toward MP due to the relationship of competitive absorption and Förster resonance energy transfer between MP and COFML-DHTA. COFML-DHTA can be used for sensitive and selective detection of MP in a wide concentration range of 0.57 ng mL-1 to 30 μg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.19 ng mL-1. The material has good chemical stability, excellent selectivity, good reusability and hydrophilicity, which provide more possibilities for COFs in the detection of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Lulu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Wei J, Zou J, Cheng Z, Huang Z, Gu L, Zhong Z, Li S, Wang Y, Li P. Electrochemical detection of methyl-paraoxon based on bifunctional cerium oxide nanozyme with catalytic activity and signal amplification effect. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:653-660. [PMID: 34765279 PMCID: PMC8572677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide (methyl-paraoxon) detection based on bifunctional cerium oxide (CeO2) nanozyme is here reported for the first time. Methyl-paraoxon was degraded into p-nitrophenol by using CeO2 with phosphatase mimicking activity. The CeO2 nanozyme-modified electrode was then synthesized to detect p-nitrophenol. Cyclic voltammetry was applied to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode, which indicates that the signal enhancement effect may attribute to the coating of CeO2 nanozyme. The current research also studied and discussed the main parameters affecting the analytical signal, including accumulation potential, accumulation time, and pH. Under the optimum conditions, the present method provided a wider linear range from 0.1 to 100 μmol/L for methyl-paraoxon with a detection limit of 0.06 μmol/L. To validate the proof of concept, the electrochemical sensor was then successfully applied for the determination of methyl-paraoxon in three herb samples, i.e., Coix lacryma-jobi, Adenophora stricta and Semen nelumbinis. Our findings may provide new insights into the application of bifunctional nanozyme in electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticide. A new electrochemical method for methyl-paraoxon detection by using bifunctional nanozyme was presented. The cerium oxide nanozyme modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared to improve the sensitivity. The developed method has been successfully applied in three herbal plant samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhongming Huang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sindhu RK, Najda A, Kaur P, Shah M, Singh H, Kaur P, Cavalu S, Jaroszuk-Sierocińska M, Rahman MH. Potentiality of Nanoenzymes for Cancer Treatment and Other Diseases: Current Status and Future Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5965. [PMID: 34683560 PMCID: PMC8539628 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies from past years have observed various enzymes that are artificial, which are issued to mimic naturally occurring enzymes based on their function and structure. The nanozymes possess nanomaterials that resemble natural enzymes and are considered an innovative class. This innovative class has achieved a brilliant response from various developments and researchers owing to this unique property. In this regard, numerous nanomaterials are inspected as natural enzyme mimics for multiple types of applications, such as imaging, water treatment, therapeutics, and sensing. Nanozymes have nanomaterial properties occurring with an inheritance that provides a single substitute and multiple platforms. Nanozymes can be controlled remotely via stimuli including heat, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound. Collectively, these all can be used to increase the therapeutic as well as diagnostic efficacies. These nanozymes have major biomedical applications including cancer therapy and diagnosis, medical diagnostics, and bio sensing. We summarized and emphasized the latest progress of nanozymes, including their biomedical mechanisms and applications involving synergistic and remote control nanozymes. Finally, we cover the challenges and limitations of further improving therapeutic applications and provide a future direction for using engineered nanozymes with enhanced biomedical and diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.K.S.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna St., 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.K.S.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.K.S.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Parneet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.K.S.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Monika Jaroszuk-Sierocińska
- Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczyńskiego St., 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhan SW, Tseng WB, Tseng WL. Impact of nanoceria shape on degradation of diethyl paraoxon: Synthesis, catalytic mechanism, and water remediation application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109653. [PMID: 32526493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be powerful for direct degradation of diethyl paraoxon (EP) to diethyl phosphate and 4-nitrophenol in aqueous solution. However, comparison of catalytic activity of different nanomaterials toward EP is rarely explored. In the present study, four different morphological nanoceria (cubes, rods, polyhedral, and spheres) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as a catalyst for the degradation of EP in comparison to other commercially available nanomaterials. Among the tested nanoceria, the cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanopolyhedra possess the best catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of EP owing to their abundant oxygen vacancy sites, optimal ratio of Ce(III) to Ce(IV), and specific exposed facets. Under the conditions of 0.2 M NH3/NH4Cl buffer and 25 °C, the CeO2 nanopolyhedra catalyzed the reduction of EP to 4-nitrophenol with a >99% conversion at pH 8.0 for 50 h, at pH 10.0 for 12 h, and at pH 12.0 for 2.5 h. The catalytic degradation of nearly 100% EP in NH3/NH4Cl buffer (pH 10.0) at 25 °C is in the decreasing order of CeO2 nanopolyhedra > CeO2 nanorods > ZnO nanospheres (NSs) > CeO2 nanocubes > TiO2 NSs > CeO2 NSs > Fe3O4 NSs ~ Co3O4 NSs ~ control experiment. The mechanism for the degradation of EP was confirmed by monitoring catalytic kinetics of the CeO2 nanopolyhedra in the presence of EP, dimethyl paraoxon, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, and parathion. The nanocomposites were simply fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly of the CeO2 nanopolyhedra and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-capped gold nanoparticles (PDDA-AuNPs). The resultant nanocomposites still efficiently catalyzed NaBH4-mediated reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with a normalized rate constant of 6.68 ± 0.72 s-1 g-1 and a chemoselectivity of >99%. In confirmation of the robustness and applicability of the as-prepared nanocomposites, they were further used to catalyze the degradation of EP to 4-amionphenol in river water and seawater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Bin Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Department of College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Fujian, 354300, China
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang L, Sun Y, Chen Y, Nan P. From DNA to Nerve Agents – The Biomimetic Catalysts for the Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Changjiang West Road, No.66. Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Changjiang West Road, No.66. Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Yuxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Changjiang West Road, No.66. Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Pengli Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Changjiang West Road, No.66. Qingdao 266580 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Small size nanoparticles—Co3O4 based lateral flow immunoassay biosensor for highly sensitive and rapid detection of furazolidone. Talanta 2020; 211:120729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Wang P, Wang T, Hong J, Yan X, Liang M. Nanozymes: A New Disease Imaging Strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:15. [PMID: 32117909 PMCID: PMC7015899 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like properties. They can specifically catalyze substrates of natural enzymes under physiological condition with similar catalytic mechanism and kinetics. Compared to natural enzymes, nanozymes exhibit the unique advantages including high catalytic activity, low cost, high stability, easy mass production, and tunable activity. In addition, as a new type of artificial enzymes, nanozymes not only have the enzyme-like catalytic activity, but also exhibit the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as photothermal properties, superparamagnetism, and fluorescence, etc. By combining the unique physicochemical properties and enzyme-like catalytic activities, nanozymes have been widely developed for in vitro detection and in vivo disease monitoring and treatment. Here we mainly summarized the applications of nanozymes for disease imaging and detection to explore their potential application in disease diagnosis and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Experimental Center of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juanji Hong
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Liang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang L, Sun DW, Pu H, Wei Q. Development of Nanozymes for Food Quality and Safety Detection: Principles and Recent Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1496-1513. [PMID: 33336906 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The public concerns about agrifood safety call for innovative and reformative analytical techniques to meet the inspection requirements of high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Enzyme-mimetic nanomaterials or nanozymes, which combine enzyme-like properties with nanoscale features, emerge as an excellent tool for quality and safety detection in the agrifood sector, due to not only their robust capacity in detection but also their attraction in future-oriented exploitations. However, in-depth understanding about the fundamental principles of nanozymes for food quality and safety detection remains limited, which makes their applications largely empirical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, designs, and applications of nanozyme-based detection technique in the agrifood industry. The discussion mainly involves three mimicking types, that is, peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase-like nanozymes, capable of detecting major agrifood analytes. The current principles and strategies are classified and then discussed in details through discriminating the roles of nanozymes in diverse detection platforms. Thereafter, recent applications of nanozymes in detecting various endogenous ingredients and exogenous contaminants in foods are reviewed, and the outlook of profound developments are explained. Evidenced by the increasing publications, nanozyme-based detection techniques are narrowing the gap to practical-oriented food analytical methods, while some challenges in optimization of nanozymes, diversification of recognition-to-signal manners, and sustainability of methodology need to conquer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lunjie Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Univ. College Dublin, Natl. Univ. of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen J, Han T, Feng X, Wang B, Wang G. A poly(thymine)-templated fluorescent copper nanoparticle hydrogel-based visual and portable strategy for an organophosphorus pesticide assay. Analyst 2019; 144:2423-2429. [PMID: 30816405 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since fluorescence assays with high sensitivity for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are urgently required to protect the ecosystem and prevent disease, an environmentally friendly and label-free fluorescent probe is desirable. Herein, a poly-thymine30 DNA-templated copper nanoparticle (poly T30-Cu NPs) hydrogel fluorescent probe was explored for the construction of an OPs sensing platform via tyrosinase (TYR) enzyme-controlled quenching. Initially, TYR can efficiently quench the fluorescence of poly T30-Cu NPs; however, when OPs are mixed with a certain amount of TYR, the fluorescence of poly T30-Cu NPs can be recovered. Based on this phenomenon, we designed a functionalized hydrogel based on poly T30-Cu NPs for portable and visible detection of OPs with high sensitivity and selectivity. This proposed fluorescent platform was demonstrated to enable rapid detection of OPs (paraoxon as the model analyte) and provide excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 3.33 × 10-5 ng μL-1 and a linear range of 1.0 × 10-4-1.0 ng μL-1. The fluorescent probe does not require a sophisticated synthesis and labeling process; in addition, it is environmentally friendly because of the presence of a biotemplate of DNA and biocompatible copper. Moreover, the functional hydrogel combines the features of portability, visualization, fast signal response and environmental anti-interference that make the proposed strategy more feasible in complex practical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Anhui province, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karimian N, Fakhri H, Amidi S, Hajian A, Arduini F, Bagheri H. A novel sensing layer based on metal–organic framework UiO-66 modified with TiO2–graphene oxide: application to rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous electrochemical detection of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos based on metal–organic framework UiO-66 modified with TiO2–graphene oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashmil Karimian
- Research and Development Department
- Farin Behbood Tashkhis LTD
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hanieh Fakhri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Salimeh Amidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ali Hajian
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems
- TU Wien
- 1040 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Via della Ricerca Scientifica
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu J, Wang X, Wang Q, Lou Z, Li S, Zhu Y, Qin L, Wei H. Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes (II). Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1004-1076. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1628] [Impact Index Per Article: 325.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An updated comprehensive review to help researchers understand nanozymes better and in turn to advance the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiexing Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Zhangping Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Sirong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Yunyao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song J, Li H, Shen H, Zhang X, Su P, Yang Y. Fluoride capped V 6O 13–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites: high activity oxidase mimetics and mechanism investigation. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel high activity of the oxidase-like nanozyme of V6O13–rGO NCs, whose activity can be significantly enhanced by fluoride capping through surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Huifen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li H, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang S, Su P, Yang Y. Intrinsic Triple-Enzyme Mimetic Activity of V6O13 Nanotextiles: Mechanism Investigation and Colorimetric and Fluorescent Detections. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Li
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College
of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College
of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Siming Wang
- The
MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College
of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College
of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tabe H, Terashima C, Yamada Y. Effect of surface acidity of cyano-bridged polynuclear metal complexes on the catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of organophosphates. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis of cyano-bridged polynuclear metal complexes was examined for the hydrolysis of toxic organophosphates. The surface acidity of cyano-bridged polynuclear metal complexes strongly effects on the catalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Tabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Chihiro Terashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|