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Abdelhamid HN. Nanocellulose-Based Materials for Water Pollutant Removal: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8529. [PMID: 39126097 PMCID: PMC11312605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose in the nano regime, defined as nanocellulose, has been intensively used for water treatment. Nanocellulose can be produced in various forms, including colloidal, water redispersible powders, films, membranes, papers, hydrogels/aerogels, and three-dimensional (3D) objects. They were reported for the removal of water contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, dyes, drugs, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, microbial cells, and other pollutants from water systems. This review summarized the recent technologies for water treatment using nanocellulose-based materials. A scientometric analysis of the topic was also included. Cellulose-based materials enable the removal of water contaminants, and salts offer advanced technologies for water desalination. They are widely used as substrates, adsorbents, and catalysts. They were applied for pollutant removal via several methods such as adsorption, filtration, disinfection, coagulation/flocculation, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, filtration (e.g., ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF)), electrofiltration (electrodialysis), ion-exchange, chelation, catalysis, and photocatalysis. Processing cellulose into commercial products enables the wide use of nanocellulose-based materials as adsorbents and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
- Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Nabavi SR, Seyednezhad SM, Shakiba M. Fabrication of Polyamide6/Polyaniline as an Effective Nano-web Membrane for Removal of Cr (VI) from Water and a Black Box Approach in Modeling of Adsorption Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85968-85985. [PMID: 37395880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), as a highly toxic heavy metal ion, is still a severe environmental issue, although many research efforts have been put into its removal from water. Polyaniline (PANI), as a conductive polymer, demonstrated great capability in heavy metal adsorption due to its low cost, ease of synthesis, reversible redox behavior, and chemical stability. However, using PANI powder alone in heavy metal removal causes secondary pollution and aggregation in water. The PANI coating on a substrate could tackle this problem. In this study, polyaniline-coated polyamide6 (PA6/PANI) nano-web membrane was used for the removal of Cr(VI) in both adsorption and filtration-adsorption modes. The PA6/PANI nano-web membrane was fabricated via PA6 electrospinning followed by in-situ polymerization of the aniline monomer. The electrospinning condition of PA6 was optimized by the Taguchi method. The PA6/PANI nano-web membrane was characterized by FESEM, N2-adsorption/desorption, FT-IR, contact angle measurement, and tensile test. FT-IR and FESEM results demonstrated the successful synthesis of PA6/PANI nano-web and PANI homogeneous coating on PA6 nanofibers, respectively. The N2 adsorption/desorption results indicated that the pore volume of the PA6/PANI nano-web decreased by 39% compared to PA6 nanofibers. The tensile test and water contact angle studies showed that the coating of PANI on PA6 nanofibers improves the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of PA6 by 10% and 25%, respectively. The application of PA6/PANI nano-web in the removal of Cr(VI) in batch and filtration modes exhibits excellent removal of 98.4 and 86.7%, respectively. A pseudo first order model well described the adsorption kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm was best fitted by the Langmuir model. A black box modeling approach based on artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed to predict the removal efficiency of the membrane. The superior performance of PA6/PANI in both adsorption and filtration-adsorption systems makes it a potential candidate for the removal of heavy metals from water on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Nabavi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | | | - Mohamadreza Shakiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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3
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Raie DS, Tsonas I, Canales M, Mourdikoudis S, Simeonidis K, Makridis A, Karfaridis D, Ali S, Vourlias G, Wilson P, Bozec L, Ciric L, Kim Thanh NT. Enhanced detoxification of Cr 6+ by Shewanella oneidensis via adsorption on spherical and flower-like manganese ferrite nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2897-2910. [PMID: 37260478 PMCID: PMC10228370 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the safe removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) from waste streams is an increasing demand due to the environmental, economic and health benefits. The integrated adsorption and bio-reduction method can be applied for the elimination of the highly toxic Cr6+ and its detoxification. This work describes a synthetic method for achieving the best chemical composition of spherical and flower-like manganese ferrite (MnxFe3-xO4) nanostructures (NS) for Cr6+ adsorption. We selected NS with the highest adsorption performance to study its efficiency in the extracellular reduction of Cr6+ into a trivalent state (Cr3+) by Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) MR-1. MnxFe3-xO4 NS were prepared by a polyol solvothermal synthesis process. They were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The elemental composition of MnxFe3-xO4 was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Our results reveal that the oxidation state of the manganese precursor significantly affects the Cr6+ adsorption efficiency of MnxFe3-xO4 NS. The best adsorption capacity for Cr6+ is 16.8 ± 1.6 mg Cr6+/g by the spherical Mn0.22+Fe2.83+O4 nanoparticles at pH 7, which is 1.4 times higher than that of Mn0.8Fe2.2O4 nanoflowers. This was attributed to the relative excess of divalent manganese in Mn0.22+Fe2.83+O4 based on our XPS analysis. The lethal concentration of Cr6+ for S. oneidensis MR-1 was 60 mg L-1 (determined by flow cytometry). The addition of Mn0.22+Fe2.83+O4 nanoparticles to S. oneidensis MR-1 enhanced the bio-reduction of Cr6+ 2.66 times compared to the presence of the bacteria alone. This work provides a cost-effective method for the removal of Cr6+ with a minimum amount of sludge production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Raie
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK http://www.ntk-thanh.co.uk
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories 21 Albemarle Street London W1S 4BS UK
| | - Ioannis Tsonas
- UCL Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UCL Gower Street London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Melisa Canales
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, UCL Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK http://www.ntk-thanh.co.uk
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories 21 Albemarle Street London W1S 4BS UK
| | | | - Antonis Makridis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karfaridis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Shanom Ali
- Environmental Research Laboratory, ClinicalMicrobiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Georgios Vourlias
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Peter Wilson
- Environmental Research Laboratory, ClinicalMicrobiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lena Ciric
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, UCL Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK http://www.ntk-thanh.co.uk
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories 21 Albemarle Street London W1S 4BS UK
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4
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Ke Y, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Hough R, Fu Q, Li YF, Cui S. Effect of combined aging treatment on biochar adsorption and speciation distribution for Cd(II). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161593. [PMID: 36642275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a passivation material for heavy metals in-situ remediation, biochar (BC) has often been expected to maintain long-term adsorption performance for target pollutants. There is still lack of consensus about the impact of aging processes on biochar properties, particularly with respect to its long-term sorption performance. In this study, the changes to immobilization mechanisms as well as the speciation distribution of Cd(II) triggered by combined aging simulation (dry-wet, freeze-thaw cycle and oxidation treatment) on BC prepared under three levels of pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500 and 700 °C) were investigated. The results showed significant inhibition of aging on adsorption performance with the adsorptive capacity of BC300, BC500 and BC700 for Cd(II) decreased by 31.12 %, 50.63 % and 14.94 %, respectively. However, sequential extraction results indicated little influence of the aging process on the relative fractionation of Cd(II) speciation. The distribution of readily bioavailable, potentially bioavailable and non-bioavailable fractions of Cd(II) on BC showed only minimal changes post-aging. Overall, there was less Cd(II) sorption following aging, but the fractional availability (in relative terms) remained the same. Compared with 300 and 700 °C, the biochar prepared under 500 °C accounted the highest fraction of non-bioavailable Cd(II) (67.23 % of BC500, 59.17 % of Aged-500), and thus showed most promising for Cd(II) immobilization. This study has important practical significance for the long-term application of biochar in real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ke
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Qiang Fu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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5
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Study on the Preparation and Properties of Jute Microcrystalline Cellulose Membrane. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041783. [PMID: 36838771 PMCID: PMC9967143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation and performance control of the cellulose membrane are one of the hot topics in the environmentally friendly separation membrane field. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by microwave-assisted acidic hydrolysis of cellulose obtained from jute, followed by the use of a mixture of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and water as a solvent to obtain the homogeneous casting liquid, which was scraped and subsequently immersed in the coagulation bath to form a smooth and dense cellulose membrane. During membrane formation, the crystal structure of MCC changed from type I to type II, but the chemical structure remained unchanged. The mechanical strength and separation performance of the membrane were related to the content of MCC in the casting liquid. When the content of MCC was about 7%, the tensile strength of the membrane reached a maximum value of 13.49 MPa, and the corresponding elongation at break was 68.12%. The water flux (J) and rejection rate (R) for the bovine serum albumin were 19.51 L/(m2·h) and 95.37%, respectively, under an optimized pressure of 0.2 MPa. In addition, the coagulation bath had a significant effect on the membrane separation performance, and J and R were positively and negatively correlated with the polarity of the coagulation bath. Among them, it was note-worthy that J and R of membrane formed in ethanol were 33.95 L/(m2·h) and 91.43%, separately. Compared with water as a coagulation bath, J was increased by 74% at the situation and R was roughly equivalent, showing better separation performance. More importantly, the relationship between the structure and separation performances has also been studied preliminarily. This work provides certain guidance for the preparation of high-performance MCC membranes.
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Ke Y, Zhu X, Si S, Zhang T, Wang J, Zhang Z. A Novel Adsorbent of Attapulgite & Carbon Composites Derived from Spent Bleaching Earth for Synergistic Removal of Copper and Tetracycline in Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1573. [PMID: 36674334 PMCID: PMC9865348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously eliminating tetracycline (TC) and copper (Cu-II) from wastewater was investigated by applying a novel adsorbent fabricated by transforming spent bleaching earth (SBE) into attapulgite & carbon composites (A&Cs). Pyrolysis temperature for A&Cs preparation exhibited a positive effect on Cu(II) adsorption, while the AC500 possessed the greatest performance for TC remediation. Interestingly, a synergistic effect instead of competitive adsorption occurred between Cu(II) and TC under the combined binary system, as both TC and Cu(II) adsorption amount on A&C500 increased more than that in the single system, which could be mainly attributed to the bridge actions between the TC and Cu(II). In addition, hydrogen bonding, ᴨ-ᴨ EDA interaction, pore-filling and complexation exerted significant roles in the adsorption process of TC and Cu(II). In general, this study offered a new perspective on the regeneration of livestock and poultry industry wastewater polluted with antibiotics and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ke
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environment Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environment Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Shaocheng Si
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environment Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environment Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Xi’an Jinborui Ecological Tech. Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- Xi’an Jinborui Ecological Tech. Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, China
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7
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Yang L, Changhui S, Dong Y, Liwei Z. A Fluorescent Test Paper Fabricated by In Situ Growth of a Functional Zn-MOG for Fast and Effective Detection of Cr(VI) and Fe(III). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Yi Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Ning P. Adsorption properties and mechanism of Cr(VI) by Fe2(SO4)3 modified biochar derived from Egeria najas. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Yang M, Lotfikatouli S, Chen Y, Li T, Ma H, Mao X, Hsiao BS. Nanostructured all-cellulose membranes for efficient ultrafiltration of wastewater. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Zakernezhad MJ, Seidi S, Manouchehri M. Efficient Ion Separation from Environmental and Biological Samples Using a Novel Sorbent Based on Ni-Substituted ZIF-67: Optimization, Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zakernezhad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, 15418-49611 Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, 15418-49611 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Manouchehri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, 15418-49611 Tehran, Iran
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Priyangga A, Atmaja L, Santoso M, Jaafar J, Ilbeygi H. Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14411-14421. [PMID: 35702242 PMCID: PMC9097861 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) composite membranes containing novel ternary materials including NC, imidazole (Im), and mesoporous phosphotungstic acid (m-PTA) were successfully fabricated by a phase inversion method. The single-particle size of NC was 88.79 nm with a spherical form. A m-PTA filler with a mesopore size of 4.89 nm was also successfully synthesized by a self-assembly method. Moreover, the fabricated membrane NC/Im/m-PTA-5 exhibited the best performances towards its proton conductivity and methanol permeability at 31.88 mS cm−1 and 1.74 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively. The membrane selectivity was 1.83 × 104 S cm−3. A NC/Im/m-PTA membrane was fabricated for direct methanol fuel cell applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Priyangga
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Atmaja
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Mardi Santoso
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology (AMTEC) Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Ilbeygi
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Devices for End-User Analysis at Low Levels (IDEAL), Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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12
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Liu F, Hua S, Wang C, Hu B. Insight into the performance and mechanism of persimmon tannin functionalized waste paper for U(VI) and Cr(VI) removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132199. [PMID: 34555582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, using dialdehyde waste paper (DAWP) as a cross-linking agent to immobilize persimmon tannin (PT) was first used to remove the U(VI) and Cr(VI) via the "waste control by waste" concept. The microscopic and macroscopic surface properties of the as-prepared adsorbent was characterized by the advanced characterization techniques. Factors that affected the elimination process such as variable pH, coexistence ions and equilibrium time were investigated by batch techniques. The results showed that the maximal removal capacities of U(VI) and Cr(VI) on DAWP-PT were 242.3 mg/g (pH = 6.0) and 178.7 mg/g (pH = 2.0) at 298 K, which exhibited competitiveness with most of the reported solid materials. Meanwhile, adsorption data were fitted perfectly to the Langmuir and Pseudo-second-order equations, which indicated that the monolayer and homogenous chemisorption dominated the removal process. The SEM-EDX, DFT and XPS analysis conformed that adsorption of U(VI) was mainly via surface complexation, while the elimination of Cr(VI) was a redox reaction process, and about 65.33% of Cr(III) and 34.67% of Cr(VI) co-existed onto the surface of DAWP-PT. Thus, this study would provide a high-efficiency and low-cost adsorbent for radionuclide and heavy metal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Liu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Shan Hua
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China.
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Abdelhamid HN, Mathew AP. Cellulose-Based Materials for Water Remediation: Adsorption, Catalysis, and Antifouling. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.790314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials have been advanced technologies that used in water remediation. They exhibit several advantages being the most abundant biopolymer in nature, high biocompatibility, and contain several functional groups. Cellulose can be prepared in several derivatives including nanomaterials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). The presence of functional groups such as carboxylic and hydroxyls groups can be modified or grafted with organic moieties offering extra functional groups customizing for specific applications. These functional groups ensure the capability of cellulose biopolymers to be modified with nanoparticles such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide (GO), silver (Ag) nanoparticles, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Thus, they can be applied for water remediation via removing water pollutants including heavy metal ions, organic dyes, drugs, and microbial species. Cellulose-based materials can be also used for removing microorganisms being active as membranes or antibacterial agents. They can proceed into various forms such as membranes, sheets, papers, foams, aerogels, and filters. This review summarized the applications of cellulose-based materials for water remediation via methods such as adsorption, catalysis, and antifouling. The high performance of cellulose-based materials as well as their simple processing methods ensure the high potential for water remediation.
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Maaloul N, Oulego P, Rendueles M, Ghorbal A, Díaz M. Enhanced Cu(II) adsorption using sodium trimetaphosphate-modified cellulose beads: equilibrium, kinetics, adsorption mechanisms, and reusability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46523-46539. [PMID: 32696406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study is focused on the simple synthesis of two novel biosorbent beads: BASB/STMP and CNFB/STMP, derived respectively from bleached almond shell (BAS) and cellulose nanofiber from almond shell (CNF) by means of chemical crosslinking with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). These biosorbents were thoroughly characterized in terms of structure (FTIR), texture (N2 adsorption-desorption), thermal behavior (TGA/DTG), morphology (SEM), and surface properties (XPS). The adsorption kinetics of Cu(II) ions onto BASB/STMP and CNFB/STMP materials proved the chemisorption interaction between Cu(II) ions and the STMP functionalized beads. The BASB/STMP equilibrium data were successfully described by the Redlich-Peterson model and the CNFB/STMP data by the Sips model which disclosed maximum adsorption capacities of 141.44 mg g-1 and 147.90 mg g-1, respectively. Furthermore, the BASB/STMP bioadsorbent offers easy regeneration and better reusability with high efficiency (> 83%). This study sheds light on the preparation of low-cost adsorbents for wastewater treatment in order to improve the competitiveness and eco-friendliness of agrowaste-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeh Maaloul
- Applied Thermodynamic Research Laboratory LR18ES33, National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Achraf Ghorbal
- Applied Thermodynamic Research Laboratory LR18ES33, National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes, University of Gabes, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
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15
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Cao J, He G, Ning X, Wang C, Fan L, Yin Y, Cai W. Hydroxypropyl chitosan-based dual self-healing hydrogel for adsorption of chromium ions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:89-100. [PMID: 33476625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A facile, environmentally benign approach had been developed for the preparation of dual self-healing and adsorption hydrogel through hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS), polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The self-healing capability of the hydrogels without any external stimulus was ascribed to dynamic Schiff-base bonds, borate bonds and hydrogen bonds, while the adsorption capacity of hydrogels came from the protonated amino group effect at a specific pH. It was demonstrated that the HPP DN hydrogel had a maximum equilibrium swelling ratio of 643% and a maximum compressive strength of 267 kPa. The weight loss of HPP DN hydrogel was 14.26% lower than that of HPCS/PAM single network hydrogel, furthermore, HPP DN hydrogel could achieve self-healing within 10 h. Due to the large number of active groups, the adsorption capacity of Cr6+ reached 95.31 mg/g. It could adsorb in a wide pH range of 1 to 6, and could describe by pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, which would provide a new idea for the adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions. In short, the prepared HPP hydrogel had dual self-healing ability, adsorption capacity and mechanical strength, which would make it a promising candidate for long-life adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Cao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanghua He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Ning
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yihua Yin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiquan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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16
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Onwumere J, Pia̧tek J, Budnyak T, Chen J, Budnyk S, Karim Z, Thersleff T, Kuśtrowski P, Mathew AP, Slabon A. CelluPhot: Hybrid Cellulose-Bismuth Oxybromide Membrane for Pollutant Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42891-42901. [PMID: 32840994 PMCID: PMC7586292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater is a complex challenge and requires usually several sequential processes. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a hybrid material that can fulfill both tasks: (i) the adsorption of metal ions due to the negative surface charge, and (ii) photocatalytic decomposition of organic compounds. The bioinorganic hybrid membrane consists of cellulose fibers to ensure mechanical stability and of Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr nanosheets. The composite is synthesized at low temperature of 115 °C directly on the cellulose membrane (CM) in order to maintain the carboxylic and hydroxyl groups on the surface that are responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The composite can adsorb both Co(II) and Ni(II) ions and the kinetic study confirmed a good agreement of experimental data with the pseudo-second-order equation kinetic model. CM/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr showed higher affinity to Co(II) ions than to Ni(II) ions from diluted aqueous solutions. The bioinorganic composite demonstrates a synergistic effect in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by exceeding the removal efficiency of single components. The fabrication of the biologic-inorganic interface was confirmed by various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM EDX) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presented approach for controlled formation of the bioinorganic interface between natural material (cellulose) and nanoscopic inorganic materials of tailored morphology (Bi-O-Br system) enables the significant enhancement of materials functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Onwumere
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jȩdrzej Pia̧tek
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Budnyak
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Budnyk
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2/c, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Zoheb Karim
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, Box 70, SE-89122, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Ahmad SZN, Wan Salleh WN, Ismail AF, Yusof N, Mohd Yusop MZ, Aziz F. Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions using graphene-based nanomaterials: Toxicity, roles of functional groups and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126008. [PMID: 32006836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endless introduction of toxic heavy metals through industrialization has worsened the heavy metal pollution in the environment. Thus, the need for its effective removal has become more crucial than before. Studies on graphene-based nanomaterials and their use in removing heavy metals are gaining tremendous traction over the past decade. The properties of graphene oxide (GO), such as large surface areas, desired functional groups and excellent mechanical properties are advantageous. Nevertheless, due to its tendency to agglomerate and difficulty in phase separation after treatment, the functionalization of GO using various materials of different surface functional groups is an ongoing study. The surface modification of GO is done by using various materials to introduce heteroatoms, which have high affinity for heavy metals. This review summarizes the utilization of different surface functional groups, such as oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, and sulphur-containing functionalized graphene oxide composites in the adsorption of cationic and oxyanionic heavy metals. The toxicity of these heavy metals is also addressed. Furthermore, the interactions between adsorbents and heavy metals which are influenced by pH and surface functional groups, are also discussed in detail. This is followed by the review in adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Future research needs are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zu Nurain Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Aziz
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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18
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Ahmad SZN, Salleh WNW, Yusof N, Mohd Yusop MZ, Hamdan R, Awang NA, Ismail NH, Rosman N, Sazali N, Ismail AF. Pb(II) removal and its adsorption from aqueous solution using zinc oxide/graphene oxide composite. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1715957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zu Nurain Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hamdan
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asikin Awang
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafiza Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Norafiqah Rosman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Norazlianie Sazali
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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19
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Modification and management of lignocellulosic waste as an ecofriendly biosorbent for the application of heavy metal ions sorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Ranjith KS, Satilmis B, Huh YS, Han YK, Uyar T. Highly selective surface adsorption-induced efficient photodegradation of cationic dyes on hierarchical ZnO nanorod-decorated hydrolyzed PIM-1 nanofibrous webs. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 562:29-41. [PMID: 31830629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity of catalysts toward harmful cationic pollutants in industrial wastewater remains challenging but is of crucial importance in environmental remediation processes. Here, we present a complex network of a hydrolyzed polymer of intrinsic microporosity (HPIM)-based electrospun nanofibrous web with surface functional decoration of ZnO nanorods (NRs) as a hierarchical platform for selective and rapid degradation of cationic dyes. Over a single species or binary mixtures, cationic dyes were selectively adsorbed by the HPIM surface, which then rapidly degraded under simultaneous photoirradiation through the ZnO NRs. Both HPIM and ZnO exhibited high electronegative surfaces, which induced the selectivity towards the cationic dyes and rapidly degraded the pollutants with the production of reactive oxygen species under photoirradiation. Further, as a free-standing web, the catalytic network could be easily separated and reused without any significant loss of catalytic activity after multiple cycles of use. The hierarchical platform of ZnO/HPIM-based heterostructures could be a promising catalytic template for selective degradation of synthetic dyes in mixed wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kugalur Shanmugam Ranjith
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Energy and Material Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bekir Satilmis
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir 40100, Turkey
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22122, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Material Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tamer Uyar
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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21
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Cheng CK, Rahman Khan MM, Rasid RA, Setiabudi HD. 2018 International Conference of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB) Preface. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Ghavidel N, Fatehi P. Synergistic effect of lignin incorporation into polystyrene for producing sustainable superadsorbent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17639-17652. [PMID: 35520539 PMCID: PMC9064571 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products. Polystyrene (PS) is known for its worldwide application in water purification processes. To induce a sustainable PS, kraft lignin (KL) and polystyrene were polymerized via free radical polymerization in a facile aqueous emulsion process. KL enhanced surface area and porosity of PS. The physicochemical properties of induced KL–PS were analyzed, and the fate of lignin in KL–PS was discussed fundamentally. Wettability and surface energy analyses were implemented to monitor the surface properties of KL, PS and KL–PS. Incorporation of KL in PS (40 wt%) boosted its surface energy and oxygen content, which led to KL–PS with better compatibility than PS with copper ions in aqueous systems. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) confirmed the noticeably higher adsorption performance of copper ion on KL–PS than on PS and KL. The sorption mechanism, which was revealed by FTIR studies, was primarily attributed to the coordination of Cu(ii) and hydroxyl group of KL–PS as well as the quadrupolar system of KL–PS. Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghavidel
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
- Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
- Canada
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