1
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Lee J, Lee H, Kwak G. Aramid-Reinforced UV Curable Adhesive Resins for Use As an Interlayer in Laminated Glass. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404907. [PMID: 39051519 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Colorless, transparent, and mechanically robust aramid polymers are synthesized from two diamine monomers with strong electron-withdrawing groups, using low-temperature solution condensation with diacid chloride. The aramids dissolved very well in the liquid acrylamide monomers. When N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) is used as a reactive diluent, films with the desired features are produced from the hybrid aramid-DMA resins via ultraviolet (UV) curing. The hybrid films are colorless and transparent in the visible region and showed an increase in the glass transition temperature, tensile strength, and elastic modulus in proportion to the aramid content. Laminated glass is manufactured using the hybrid resin as an interlayer, which exhibits very strong adhesion between the two sheets of glass, is not easily broken by an external impact, and do not scatter fragments. Moreover, the laminated glass do not distort images and functioned very effectively in UV blocking, soundproofing, and suppressing changes in the ambient temperature. Heat treatment further improves the light transmittance and impact resistance of the laminated glass. Laminated glass specimens with various fluorescence colors are also manufactured. Aramid-reinforced films prepared using N,N-diethylacrylamide as a reactive diluent underwent thermally induced phase separation in a wet state, providing smart glass with a privacy protection function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-Dong, Buk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-Dong, Buk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Giseop Kwak
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-Dong, Buk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sun K, Lv F, Zhang W, Liu Y, Fu L, Yang R, Wang S, Fan S, Yu X. Self-Reinforced Doping Strategy in the Multiscale PMIA Paper for High Mechanical Properties and Insulating Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53902-53912. [PMID: 37935440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) paper has attracted extensive interests due to its ultrahigh mechanical properties as an ideal protective material for anti-impact damage applications. In the pursuit of additional properties, composites based on the PMIA matrix and various fillers are widely explored. However, additional improvements are frequently obtained at the expense of mechanical properties because of the serious interfacial compatibility brought by different components. In this study, a self-reinforced doping strategy is proposed by combining microscale PMIA fibers as the fillers and nanoscale PMIA fibers as the matrix to form a micronano paper. Without the limitation of the interfacial compatibility issues, the nanofibers are tightly aligned and adhered to the microfibers, enabling the in situ generation of hydrogen bonds at the interfaces. A compact interfacial structure is thus constructed with reduced porosity on the surface. It indicates that the microfibers have a positive impact on the improvement of mechanical properties. In our optimized sample with 5 wt % microfibers, the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation are 1530 MPa, 24.8 MPa, and 5.3%, respectively, which are 142, 49.4, and 65% higher than those of the pristine nano-PMIA paper. In addition, the insulating performance is also improved, facilitating its further application extended to broad fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fangcheng Lv
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071066, China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071066, China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lvqian Fu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shenghui Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sidi Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071066, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071066, China
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3
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Taoka Y, Asmaa Saari R, Kida T, Yamaguchi M, Matsumura K. Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers by Lithium Iodide Addition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32623-32634. [PMID: 37720794 PMCID: PMC10500668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lithium iodide (LiI) on the mechanical strength, properties, and molecular orientation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers spun by wet spinning and then heat-stretched was studied. The stretchability of LiI-PVA fibers was improved, and the rupture during stretching was suppressed compared to PVA fibers. In addition, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the thermally stretched fibers have been significantly improved. It was also found that the addition of LiI improves the molecular orientation of PVA. This was achieved because LiI reduced the hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains of PVA, resulting in reduced crystallinity. Most of the LiI in the fiber could be removed by a coagulation bath and washing during the spinning process. This means that LiI is eventually removed, and the heat-treatment strengthens the hydrogen bonds, resulting in excellent mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Taoka
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Riza Asmaa Saari
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Takumitsu Kida
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
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4
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Meliande NM, Oliveira MS, Lemos MF, Pereira AC, Figueiredo ABHDS, Monteiro SN, Nascimento LFC. Thermal Behavior of Curaua-Aramid Hybrid Laminated Composites for Ballistic Helmet. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3214. [PMID: 37571110 PMCID: PMC10422199 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid composites are expanding applications in cutting-edge technology industries, which need materials capable of meeting combined properties in order to guarantee high performance and cost-effectiveness. This original article aimed for the first time to investigate the hybrid laminated composite thermal behavior, made of two types of fibers: synthetic Twaron® fabric and natural curaua non-woven mat, reinforcing epoxy matrix. The composite processing was based on the ballistic helmets methodology from the North American Personal Armor System for Ground Troops, currently used by the Brazilian Army, aiming at reduced costs, total weight, and environmental impact associated with the material without compromising ballistic performance. Thermal properties of plain epoxy, aramid fabric, and curaua mat were evaluated, as well as the other five configurations of hybrid laminated composites. These properties were compared using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with its derivative (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that the plain epoxy begins thermal degradation at 208 °C while the curaua mat at 231 °C and the aramid fabric at 477 °C. The hybrid laminated composites curves showed two or three inflections in terms of mass loss. The only sample that underwent thermal expansion was the five-aramid and three-curaua layers composite. In the third analyzed temperature interval, related to the glass transition temperature of the composites, there was, in general, an increasing thermal stability behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalin Michele Meliande
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (N.M.M.); (A.C.P.); (A.B.-H.d.S.F.); (S.N.M.); (L.F.C.N.)
- Modeling, Metrology, Simulation and Additive Manufacture Section, Brazilian Army Technology Center—CTEx, Avenida das Américas, 28.705, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Michelle Souza Oliveira
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (N.M.M.); (A.C.P.); (A.B.-H.d.S.F.); (S.N.M.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | | | - Artur Camposo Pereira
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (N.M.M.); (A.C.P.); (A.B.-H.d.S.F.); (S.N.M.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | - André Ben-Hur da Silva Figueiredo
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (N.M.M.); (A.C.P.); (A.B.-H.d.S.F.); (S.N.M.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (N.M.M.); (A.C.P.); (A.B.-H.d.S.F.); (S.N.M.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | - Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (N.M.M.); (A.C.P.); (A.B.-H.d.S.F.); (S.N.M.); (L.F.C.N.)
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5
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Liu H, Fu K, Cui X, Zhu H, Yang B. Shear Thickening Fluid and Its Application in Impact Protection: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102238. [PMID: 37242813 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a dense colloidal suspension of nanoparticles in a carrier fluid in which the viscosity increases dramatically with a rise in shear rate. Due to the excellent energy absorption and energy dissipation of STF, there is a desire to employ STFs in a variety of impact applications. In this study, a comprehensive review on STFs' applications is presented. First, several common shear thickening mechanisms are discussed in this paper. The applications of different STF impregnated fabric composites and the STF's contributions on improving the impact, ballistic and stab resistance performance have also been presented. Moreover, recent developments of STF's applications, including dampers and shock absorbers, are included in this review. In addition, some novel applications (acoustic structure, STF-TENG and electrospun nonwoven mats) based on STF are summarized, to suggest the challenges of future research and propose some more deterministic research directions, e.g., potential trends for applications of STF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunkun Fu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huixin Zhu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Samandra S, Singh J, Plaisted K, Mescall OJ, Symons B, Xie S, Ellis AV, Clarke BO. Quantifying environmental emissions of microplastics from urban rivers in Melbourne, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114709. [PMID: 36821931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the amount and type of microplastics flowing into Port Phillip Bay from urban rivers around Melbourne. Water samples were collected from the Patterson, Werribee, Maribyrnong, and Yarra Rivers, which contribute 97 % to the total flow into Port Phillip Bay. On average, the rivers contained a mean of 9 ± 15 microplastics/L and ranged from 4 ± 3 microplastics/L (Patterson) to 22 ± 11 microplastics/L (Werribee). Of the eight polymers investigated, polyamide and polypropylene were the most frequently detected polymers. Using the mean concentration of each river, the flow of microplastics into Port Philip Bay was estimated to be 7.5 × 106 microplastics per day and 3.7 × 1010 microplastics per year. To fully understand the fate and transport of microplastics into Port Phillip Bay, this study would be the foundation for a more in-depth investigation. Here, further samples will be collected at more points along the river and at the midpoint of each season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subharthe Samandra
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Eurofins Environment Testing Australia & New Zealand, Australia
| | - Jai Singh
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katie Plaisted
- Eurofins Environment Testing Australia & New Zealand, Australia
| | | | - Bob Symons
- Eurofins Environment Testing Australia & New Zealand, Australia
| | - Shay Xie
- Eurofins Environment Testing Australia & New Zealand, Australia
| | - Amanda V Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bradley O Clarke
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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7
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Cheng Q, Lyu J, Shi N, Zhang X. Smart Energy-Absorbing Aerogel-Based Honeycombs with Selectively Nanoconfined Shear-Stiffening Gel. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300002. [PMID: 36732848 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels, shaped as fibers, films, as well as monoliths, have demonstrated a plethora of applications in both academia and industry due to charming properties including ultralow density, large specific surface area, high porosity, etc., however studies on more complicated aerogel forms (e.g., honeycombs) with more powerful applications have not been fully explored. Herein, the Kevlar aerogel honeycomb is firstly constructed through a dry ice-assisted 3D printing method, where the Kevlar nanofiber ink is printed directly in dry ice freezing atmosphere, followed by supercritical fluid drying. The subsequent 3D Kevlar/shear-stiffening gel (SSG) honeycomb (3D-KSH) can be obtained by selective nanoconfining of SSG into nanopores of the aerogel skeleton wall (with the loading amount of 93 wt%) rather than into open honeycomb channels, solving the leakage, creep deformation, and shape design infeasibility of the SSG. Combining the advantages of Kevlar, honeycomb and SSG, the fabricated 3D-KSH shows obvious smart responsive behavior to external stimulus. Additionally, the 3D-KSH has high strain rate sensitivity (sensitivity factor of 4.16 × 10-4 ) and excellent impact protection performance (energy absorption value up to 176 J g-1 at the strain rate of 6300 s-1 ), which will significantly broaden application prospect in some intelligent protection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Nan Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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8
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Zhang B, Liu S, Yin L, Tian M, Ning N, Zhang L, Wang W. Nanoscale analysis of the interface of dip layer/rubber in fiber/rubber composites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Diao S, Huang W, Li Y, Wang W, Yu B, Ning N, Tian M, Zhang L. Highly Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanism of Nylon-66/Rubber Composites by Designing Low-Toxic RF-like Dipping Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqi Diao
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yingzhe Li
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wencai Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
| | - Nanying Ning
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
| | - Ming Tian
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
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10
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Ferrocene-Based Terpolyamides and Their PDMS-Containing Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Physical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235087. [PMID: 36501482 PMCID: PMC9735706 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic polyamides are well-known as high-performance materials due to their outstanding properties making them useful in a wide range of applications. However, their limited solubility in common organic solvents restricts their processability and becomes a hurdle in their applicability. This study is focused on the synthesis of processable ferrocene-based terpolyamides and their polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-containing block copolymers, using low-temperature solution polycondensation methodology. All the synthesized materials were structurally characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The ferrocene-based terpolymers and block copolymers were soluble in common organic solvents, while the organic analogs were found only soluble in sulfuric acid. WXRD analysis showed the amorphous nature of the materials, while the SEM analysis exposed the modified surface of the ferrocene-based block copolymers. The structure-property relationship of the materials was further elucidated by their water absorption and thermal behavior. These materials showed low to no water absorption along with their high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values depicting their good flame-retardant behavior. DFT studies also supported the role of various monomers in the polycondensation reaction where the electron pair donation from HOMO of diamine monomer to the LUMO of acyl chloride was predicted, along with the calculation of various other parameters of the representative terpolymers and block copolymers.
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11
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Sharma S, Walia YK, Garg M, Verma SK. Tuning rheological performance of silica concentrated shear thickening fluid by using boric acid as additive. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Shear thickening fluid (STF) are non-Newtonian fluids that usually behave as liquid in normal condition however under sudden impact, they transformed into a solid like structure with abrupt rise in viscosity. The rheological properties of these fluids play a significant role in energy dissipation. In the present work, effect of boric acid (BA) as an additive for the fine tuning of shear thickening (ST) behavior of colloidal silica-based shear thickening fluids (STFs) was investigated. STFs were synthesized with silica particles (600 nm) in liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG-200). Both the steady state and dynamic rheological studies of STFs were carried out to compare ST behavior of BA based STFs with only silica-based STFs. In steady state rheology, it was observed that max. viscosity increases four time compared to only silica based STF. In dynamic rheology, it was observed that the maximum G′ and G″ of the STF composition (69% + 1.2% BA) at a frequency of 70 rad/s has increased by ∼41 times and ∼14 times, respectively, when the deforming strain reaches at 100% strain. Both the steady state and dynamic rheological analyses have confirmed that boric acid based STFs exhibited higher shear/strain thickening behavior, as well as higher energy absorption property.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muskan Garg
- S.S Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sanjeev K. Verma
- Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory , DRDO , Chandigarh 160030 , India
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12
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Rheological and morphological evidence of binary liquid crystalline phases in solutions of an organo-soluble cyano-substituted p-aramid. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Wu W, Song Q, Yu J, Li N, Hu Z, Wang Y, Zhu J. High‐performance heterocyclic para‐aramid aerogels for selective dye adsorption and thermal insulation applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Qingquan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
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14
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Recycling of Thermoset Materials and Thermoset-Based Composites: Challenge and Opportunity. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194153. [PMID: 36236101 PMCID: PMC9570833 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoset materials and their composites are characterized by a long life cycle with their main applications in aircrafts, wind turbines and constructions as insulating materials. Considering the importance of recovery and valorization of these materials at their end-of-life, avoiding landfilling, the interest concerning their recycling grows continuously. The thermoset materials and their composites, to be successfully recovered and valorized, must degrade their three-dimensional structures and recover the mono-oligomers and/or fillers. The thermoset materials could successfully degrade through thermal treatment at different temperatures (for example, above 1000 °C for incineration, ca. 500 °C for oxidation/combustion of organic constituents, etc.), chemical degradation by catalyst, irradiation with or without the presence of water, alcohol, etc., and mechanical recycling, obtaining fine particles that are useful as filler and/or reinforcement additives. Among these recycling methods, this mini-review focuses on the formulation and recovery method of innovative thermoset with in-build recyclability, i.e., materials having chemical links that could be degraded on-demand or containing dynamic covalent bonds to have re-processable and/or recyclable thermoset. This issue could be considered the future perspective in developing novel thermoset materials. The aim of this review is to get an overview of the state of the art in thermoset recycling and of the most commonly used thermoset composites, recovering valuable reinforcing fibers. Additionally, in this work, we also report not only known recycling routes for thermoset and thermoset-based composites, but also new and novel formulating strategies for producing thermosets with built-in recyclability, i.e., containing chemical-triggered on-demand links. This mini-review is also a valuable guide for educational purposes for students and specialized technicians in polymer production and recycling.
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15
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Surface modification of aramid fiber with acrylic acid assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Natural silk fibers incorporated aramid nanofibers sponges for efficient oil/water separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Koo MY, Lee GW. The Joule Heating Effect of a Foldable and Cuttable Sheet Made of SWCNT/ANF Composite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2780. [PMID: 36014645 PMCID: PMC9412537 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A foldable and cuttable sheet heater was fabricated using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and aramid nanofibers (ANFs). SWCNTs are particularly well suited for Joule heating based on their high thermal stability, electrical properties, high current density, and aspect ratio. When the SWCNT/ANF composite reaches a high temperature during Joule heating, ANFs will endure this temperature due to their impressive thermal stability, derived from aramid fibers. With the aim of achieving a synergistic effect between the SWCNTs and ANFs, 0-100 wt% SWCNT/ANF composite sheets were fabricated by tip-type sonication and vacuum filtration. After assessing the thermal stability and electrical properties of the composite sheets, the Joule heating effect was analyzed. TGA showed that our sheet had high thermal stability in an air condition up to around 500 °C. The electrical conductivity of the composite sheet was improved as the amount of SWCNT added rose to 790.0 and 747.5 S/cm in the 75 and 100_SWCNTs/ANF, respectively. The maximum heating temperature, up to 280 °C, reached by Joule heating was measured as a function of SWCNT content and input voltage, and the relationship among SWCNT content, input voltage, heating temperature, and electric power was described. Mechanical properties were also measured in a temperature range similar to the heating temperature of 300 °C reached by Joule heating. Ultimately, we obtained a foldable and cuttable composite sheet with a stretchable structure, capable of being molded into a variety of shapes. This energy-efficient material can potentially be employed in any device in which a heater is required to deliver high temperatures.
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Silk Fibroin as Adjuvant in the Fabrication of Mechanically Stable Fibrin Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112251. [PMID: 35683920 PMCID: PMC9183065 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin is a very attractive material for the development of tissue-engineered scaffolds due to its exceptional bioactivity, versatility in the fabrication, affinity to cell mediators; and the possibility to isolate it from blood plasma, making it autologous. However, fibrin application is greatly limited due to its low mechanical properties, fast degradation, and strong contraction in the presence of cells. In this study, we present a new strategy to overcome these drawbacks by combining it with another natural polymer: silk fibroin. Specifically, we fabricated biocomposites of fibrin (5 mg/mL) and silk fibroin (0.1, 0.5 and 1% w/w) by using a dual injection system, followed by ethanol annealing. The shear elastic modulus increased from 23 ± 5 Pa from fibrin alone, to 67 ± 22 Pa for fibrin/silk fibroin 0.1%, 241 ± 67 Pa for fibrin/silk fibroin 0.5% and 456 ± 32 Pa for fibrin/silk fibroin 1%. After culturing for 27 days with strong contractile cells (primary human arterial smooth muscle cells), fibrin/silk fibroin 0.5% and fibrin/silk fibroin 1% featured minimal cell-mediated contraction (ca. 15 and 5% respectively) in contrast with the large surface loss of the pure fibrin scaffolds (ca. 95%). Additionally, the composites enabled the formation of a proper endothelial cell layer after culturing with human primary endothelial cells under standard culture conditions. Overall, the fibrin/silk fibroin composites, manufactured within this study by a simple and scalable biofabrication approach, offer a promising avenue to boost the applicability of fibrin in tissue engineering.
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Abstract
Aramid fiber-reinforced plastic (AFRP) composites are widely used in aerospace, rail transit, marine and military industries, due to their high specific strength, high impact resistance, fatigue resistance and excellent designable properties. In order to meet different application requirements, cutting processes need to be carried out, such as window opening, edge cutting and slit cutting. However, the characteristics of high tensile strength and toughness, low interlaminar strength, non-uniformity and anisotropy make AFRP composites a difficult-to-machine material. They are prone to produce rough cutting surfaces and cutting damages including burr, wire drawing, delamination, resin burn, material flanging, etc. To solve this problem, the ultra-thin diamond dicing blade was used for high-speed cutting of AFRP composites in sub-fiber scale in this research. The influence of process parameters on cutting force, cutting temperature, maximum spindle current, tool wear and cutting surface quality were investigated by establishing the cutting force model, L16(45) orthogonal experiment, single factor experiment, range analysis and variance analysis. The theoretical and experimental results show that cutting AFRP composites with ultra-thin diamond dicing blade can obtain smooth surfaces without common cutting damages. When the cutting speed is 91.11 m/s (spindle speed n = 30,000 r/min), the cutting depth is 0.2 mm and the feed speed is 5 mm/s, the surface roughness Ra can be as low as 32 nm, which realize the precision cutting of AFRP composites.
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Anirudh S, Jayalakshmi C, Anand A, Kandasubramanian B, Ismail SO. Epoxy/hollow glass microsphere syntactic foams for structural and functional application-A review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Sarkar PK, Pawar SS, Rath SK, Kandasubramanian B. Anti-barnacle biofouling coatings for the protection of marine vessels: synthesis and progress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26078-26112. [PMID: 35076840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling has gnawed both mobile and non-mobile marine structures since time immemorial, leading to the deterioration of designed operational capabilities as well as a loss of valuable economic revenues. Mitigation of biofouling has been the primary focus of researchers and scientists from across the globe to save billions of dollars wasted due to the biological fouling of marine structures. The availability of an appropriate environment along with favorable substrata initiates biofilm formation within a few minutes. The crucial element in establishing a gelatinous biofilm is the excreted metabolites of destructive nature and exopolymeric substances (EPSs). These help in securing as well as signaling numerous foulants to establish themselves on this substrate. The larvae of various benthic invertebrates adhere to these suitable surfaces and transform from juveniles to adult barnacles depending upon the environment. Despite biofouling being characteristically witnessed for a month or lengthier timeframe, the preliminary phases of the fouling process typically transpire on a much lesser timescale. A few natural and synthetic additives had demonstrated excellent non-toxic anti barnacle establishment capability; however, further development into commercial products is still far-fetched. This review collates the specific anti-barnacle coatings, emphasizing natural additives, their sources of extraction, general life cycle analysis, and concluding future perspectives of this niche product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramit Kumar Sarkar
- Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced, Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India
- Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd, Ministry of Defence, Dockyard Road, Mumbai, 400010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushil S Pawar
- Protective Coatings Department, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, DRDO, Ambernath, 421506, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangram K Rath
- Protective Coatings Department, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, DRDO, Ambernath, 421506, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced, Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India.
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22
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Chaudhary K, Kandasubramanian B. Self-Healing Nanofibers for Engineering Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Chaudhary
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Deemed University (DU), Pune, 411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Deemed University (DU), Pune, 411025, India
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Hanifa SM, Venkatakrishnan S. Randomized solid state bulk functionalization of aramid fiber pulp and its application in elastomer compositions. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Mohammed Hanifa
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, MIT Campus Anna University Chennai India
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Endo T, Higashihara T. Direct Synthesis of Thermally Stable Semiaromatic Polyamides by Bulk Polymerization Using Aromatic Diamines and Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8753-8758. [PMID: 35309482 PMCID: PMC8928493 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiaromatic polyamides were directly synthesized by bulk polycondensation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (with 5, 6, 7, and 10 carbon numbers) and aromatic diamines (4,4'-oxydianiline and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane) under natural pressure. In addition, copolyamides were successfully obtained by the copolymerization of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic diamines, and biobased amino acid, 4-aminohydrocinnamic acid. The obtained polyamides had relatively high inherent viscosity values of 0.35-0.76 dL/g. The obtained polyamides exhibited good thermal stability with T d5% in the range of 316-416 °C, even when incorporated with aliphatic methylene units. In particular, some copolyamides (2AO, 2PO, and 2GM) had high T g values of 150, 158, and 156 °C and relatively low T m values of 277, 288, and 234 °C, respectively, which may be preferable thermal properties for melt-drawing processes.
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Zhong Y, Tang J, Zhang X, Wei X, Li M, Feng Y, Wang J. Flexible and durable poly para-phenylene terephthalamide fabric constructed by polydopamine and corrugated Co-Ni-P alloy with reflection characteristic for electromagnetic interference shielding. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Li T, Zou L, Cheng K, Liu X, Shi H, Yang Q, Chang B, Shi X, Ma J, Liu C, Shen C. Environment‐tolerant conductive and superhydrophobic poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) fabric prepared via γ‐ray activation and reduced graphene oxide/nano
SiO
2
modification. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Lin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Kaichang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Honghui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Baobao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xianzhang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jialu Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering China Astronauts Research and Training Center Beijing China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Li T, Wang Z, Zhang H, Cao Y, Hu Z, Yu J, Wang Y. Sulfone-functionalized poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) copolymer fibers with improved interfacial adhesion to epoxy matrices. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211008955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The poor interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber and matrix limits the application of the final composites. In this study, a series of the sulfone-functionalized poly( p-phenylene terephthalamide) (SPPTA) copolymers were satisfactorily synthesized and the effects of polymerization conditions (contents of the additional monomer and the cosolvent LiCl, molar concentration and ratio of the monomer, reaction temperature and time) on the molecular weight of the copolymer were discussed. The introduction of the sulfone group in aromatic polyamides not only increased the polarity of poly( p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) but destroyed the regular arrangement of the molecular chains, which greatly improved the surface free energy and the solubility of the polymers in organic solvents. The polymer maintained excellent thermal and interfacial properties. Compared with the PPTA fiber/epoxy composites, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of SPPTA fiber-reinforced epoxy composites reached 43.5 MPa, with a significantly enhancement of 20.8%, implying that the study provided an effective method to achieve highly interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber-reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Sinochem International Corporation, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutong Cao
- Sinochem International Corporation, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Pan L, Zhong L, Guo HX, Wang ML, Xue PB. Atomistic simulations of functionalization of aramid fiber‐epoxy nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Lang Zhong
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Hua Xin Guo
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Meng Lin Wang
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Peng Bo Xue
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
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29
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Issac MN, Kandasubramanian B. Effect of microplastics in water and aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19544-19562. [PMID: 33655475 PMCID: PMC7924819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surging dismissal of plastics into water resources results in the splintered debris generating microscopic particles called microplastics. The reduced size of microplastic makes it easier for intake by aquatic organisms resulting in amassing of noxious wastes, thereby disturbing their physiological functions. Microplastics are abundantly available and exhibit high propensity for interrelating with the ecosystem thereby disrupting the biogenic flora and fauna. About 71% of the earth surface is occupied by oceans, which holds 97% of the earth's water. The remaining 3% is present as water in ponds, streams, glaciers, ice caps, and as water vapor in the atmosphere. Microplastics can accumulate harmful pollutants from the surroundings thereby acting as transport vectors; and simultaneously can leach out chemicals (additives). Plastics in marine undergo splintering and shriveling to form micro/nanoparticles owing to the mechanical and photochemical processes accelerated by waves and sunlight, respectively. Microplastics differ in color and density, considering the type of polymers, and are generally classified according to their origins, i.e., primary and secondary. About 54.5% of microplastics floating in the ocean are polyethylene, and 16.5% are polypropylene, and the rest includes polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester, and polyamides. Polyethylene and polypropylene due to its lower density in comparison with marine water floats and affect the oceanic surfaces while materials having higher density sink affecting seafloor. The effects of plastic debris in the water and aquatic systems from various literature and on how COVID-19 has become a reason for microplastic pollution are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin N Issac
- CIPET: Institute of Plastics Technology (IPT), HIL Colony, Edayar Road, Pathalam, Eloor, Udyogamandal P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 683501, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano-Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411025, India.
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30
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Surface and interface modification of aramid fiber and its reinforcement for polymer composites: A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liang Q, Zhang D, Ji P, Sheng N, Zhang M, Wu Z, Chen S, Wang H. High-Strength Superstretchable Helical Bacterial Cellulose Fibers with a "Self-Fiber-Reinforced Structure". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1545-1554. [PMID: 33377390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a hydrogel membrane grown on the gas-liquid interface by bacterial culture that can be industrialized, bacterial cellulose (BC) cannot give full play to the advantages of its natural nanofibers. Conversion to the properties of nanofibers from high-performance to macrofibers represents a difficult material engineering challenge. Herein, we construct high-strength BC macrofibers with a "self-fiber-reinforced structure" using a dry-wet spinning method by adjusting the BC dissolution and concentration. The macrofiber with a tensile strength of 649 MPa and a strain of 17.2% can be obtained, which is one of the strongest and toughest cellulose fibers. In addition, the macrofiber can be fabricated to a superstretchable helical fiber without adding other elastomers or auxiliary materials. When the helical diameter is 1.6 mm, the ultimate stretch reaches 1240%. Meanwhile, cyclic tests show that the mechanical properties and morphology of the fiber remained stable after 100 times of 100% cyclic stretching. It is exciting that the helical fiber also owns outstanding knittability, washability, scalability, and dyeability. Furthermore, superstretchable functional helical BC fibers can be fabricated by embedding functional materials (carbon materials, conductive polymers, etc.) on BC or in the spinning dope, which can be made to wearable devices such as fiber solid-state supercapacitors. This work provides a scalable way for high-strength superstretchable and multifunctional fibers applied in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Peng Ji
- Co-Innovation Center for Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Zhuotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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Nayana V, Kandasubramanian B. Polycarbazole and its derivatives: progress, synthesis, and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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The Mechanical Properties of Kevlar Fabric/Epoxy Composites Containing Aluminosilicates Modified with Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173726. [PMID: 32842555 PMCID: PMC7503872 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of modified aluminosilicates, including bentonite from Armenia (BA) modified with quaternary ammonium salts (BAQAS) and phosphonium salts (BAQPS), on the mechanical properties and morphology of Kevlar/epoxy composites. The Kevlar/epoxy composites containing 1.0 or 3.0 wt.% modified bentonites were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. The mechanical properties, including the tensile, flexural, and in-plane shear strength, were tested. Based on the obtained results, we found that the mechanical properties increased with modified bentonite loading. The best results were obtained for composites containing 3 wt.% BAQAS, as most of the mechanical properties were significantly improved (tensile strength 302.9 MPa (+30%), Young’s modulus 16.3 GPa (+17%), flexural modulus 23.4 GPa (+12.5%), in-plane shear strength 22.8 MPa (+24.5%), and in-plane shear modulus 677.2 MPa (+42%)). The obtained improvements in the mechanical properties are attributed to the uniform dispersion of the filler, which was confirmed by the highest increase in the intergallery spacing, from 28.3 Å for BAQAS to 45.1 Å for the composite with 3 wt.% BAQAS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the brittle fracture surface indicated that the addition of modified bentonite to the epoxy matrix changed the morphology of the Kevlar/epoxy/organoclay composites and improved the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion.
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Tandon S, Kandasubramanian B, Ibrahim SM. Silk-Based Composite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Tandon
- Biotechnology Lab, Center for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano Surface Texturing Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Girinagar, Pune-411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sobhy M. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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37
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38
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Cherukattu Gopinathapanicker J, Inamdar A, Anand A, Joshi M, Kandasubramanian B. Radar Transparent, Impact-Resistant, and High-Temperature Capable Radome Composites Using Polyetherimide-Toughened Cyanate Ester Resins for High-Speed Aircrafts through Resin Film Infusion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Cherukattu Gopinathapanicker
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411015, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411025, India
| | - Ahmed Inamdar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411025, India
| | - Anoop Anand
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411015, India
| | - Makarand Joshi
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411015, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411025, India
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