1
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Potempa K, Paliwoda D, Jarzembska KN, Kamiński R, Krówczyński A, Borowski P, Hanfland M. Pressure-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal nitrite ligand isomerisation accompanied by a piezochromic effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9194-9197. [PMID: 39081028 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02898h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
High-pressure structural study of a piezochromic crystal of a rare di-exo-nitrito nickel(II) complex supported by computational analysis is presented. The examined system is not photoswitchable, however, in the 0-6.2 GPa pressure range the crystal undergoes two phase-transitions accompanied by a colour change and the nitrite ligand isomerisation, which is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Potempa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Paliwoda
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Partikelgatan 2, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna N Jarzembska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Krówczyński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patryk Borowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michael Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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2
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Kalinina PP, Marchuk AS, Sahoo S, Zakharov BA, Boldyreva EV. A comparison of the isostructural [Co(NH 3) 5NO 2]XNO 3 and [Co(NH 3) 5ONO]XNO 3, X = Cl - or Br - in relation to nitro-nitrito linkage isomerization and photomechanical effects. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2024; 80:171-181. [PMID: 38713102 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520624002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A new photoactive cobalt coordination compound, [Co(NH3)5NO2]BrNO3 (I), was obtained. Its crystal structure was shown to be isostructural with previously known [Co(NH3)5NO2]ClNO3 (II) for which linkage isomerization accompanied with mechanical response of the crystal has been already reported. Single crystals of I are transformed into nitrito isomer [Co(NH3)5ONO]BrNO3 (III) on irradiation with blue light (λ = 465 nm) without being destroyed. The crystal structure of III was also solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with previously known [Co(NH3)5ONO]ClNO3 (IV). A detailed comparison of the structures of I, II, III and IV, including unit-cell parameters, the distribution of free space (in particular, reaction cavities around the nitro ligand), the lengths of hydrogen bonds, coordination and Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra has been performed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were complemented with IR spectra. The effect of the replacement of Cl- by Br- on the crystal structure and on the nitro-nitrito photoisomerization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina P Kalinina
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Marchuk
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Subash Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Boris A Zakharov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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3
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Lin J, Zhou J, Li L, Tahir I, Wu S, Naumov P, Gong J. Highly efficient in crystallo energy transduction of light to work. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3633. [PMID: 38684679 PMCID: PMC11059232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Various mechanical effects have been reported with molecular materials, yet organic crystals capable of multiple dynamic effects are rare, and at present, their performance is worse than some of the common actuators. Here, we report a confluence of different mechanical effects across three polymorphs of an organic crystal that can efficiently convert light into work. Upon photodimerization, acicular crystals of polymorph I display output work densities of about 0.06-3.94 kJ m-3, comparable to ceramic piezoelectric actuators. Prismatic crystals of the same form exhibit very high work densities of about 1.5-28.5 kJ m-3, values that are comparable to thermal actuators. Moreover, while crystals of polymorph II roll under the same conditions, crystals of polymorph III are not photochemically reactive; however, they are mechanically flexible. The results demonstrate that multiple and possibly combined mechanical effects can be anticipated even for a simple organic crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Tahir
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Songgu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK‒1000, Skopje, Macedonia.
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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4
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Chizhik S, Gribov P, Kovalskii V, Sidelnikov A. Determining the quantum yield of photochemical reactions in crystals from simultaneous effects of photothermal and photochemical bending of needle-shaped crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11379-11385. [PMID: 38567409 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced bending of needle crystals caused by photochemical transformation can be used as an extremely sensitive method for studying the kinetics of the transformation. However, the determination of the absolute value of the quantum yield of the reaction requires an accurate value of the intensity of light penetrating the crystal, in contrast to reactions in solutions where only the value of the total absorbed irradiation dose is sufficient. To address this problem, this study utilizes the effect of photothermal bending of a crystal due to its heating by light, occurring simultaneously with the bending due to transformation and proportional to the same value of light intensity. The ratio of the amplitudes of the two effects is independent of the light intensity, which allows the quantum yield to be determined without knowledge of the intensity value. In addition, the method allows the light intensity and thermal conductivity of the crystal to be estimated. The method is applied to measure wavelength dependence of the quantum yield of nitro-to-nitrito photoisomerization in [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl(NO3) crystals. A monotonically decreasing value of the quantum yield φ from 0.19 to 0.04 in the range of λ from 403 to 523 nm was obtained. This result indicates the qualitative differences in the transformation mechanism in crystals and in solutions, where φ = 0.03 independent of λ in the same wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Chizhik
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Pavel Gribov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Viktor Kovalskii
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Anatoly Sidelnikov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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5
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Hasebe S, Hagiwara Y, Ueno T, Asahi T, Koshima H. Negative to positive axial thermal expansion switching of an organic crystal: contribution to multistep photoactuation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1088-1097. [PMID: 38239690 PMCID: PMC10793602 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials displaying negative thermal expansion (NTE), in contrast to typical materials with positive thermal expansion (PTE), are attractive for both fundamental research and practical applications, including the development of composites with near-zero thermal expansion. A recent data mining study revealed that approximately 34% of organic crystals may present NTE, indicating that NTE in organic crystals is much more common than generally believed. However, organic crystals that switch from NTE to PTE or vice versa have rarely been reported. Here, we report the crystal of N-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylide-3-nitroaniline in the enol form (enol-1) as the first organic crystal in which the axial thermal expansion changes from negative to positive at around room temperature. When heated, the crystal shrinks along the a-axis below 30 °C and then it expands above 30 °C. Geometric calculations revealed that below 30 °C, the decrease in the tilt angle of the molecule exceeds the increase in the interplanar distance, causing NTE, whereas above 30 °C, the increase in the interplanar distance outweighs the decrease in the tilt angle, resulting in PTE. By combining photoisomerisation and the NTE-PTE switching induced by the photothermal effect, multistep crystal photoactuation was achieved. Moreover, actuation switching of the same crystal sample by changing atmosphere temperature was realised by utilising the NTE-PTE change. Such NTE-PTE switching without a thermal phase transition provides not only new insight into organic crystals but also a new strategy for designing crystal actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shodai Hasebe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yuki Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University 513, Waseda Tsurumakicho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University 513, Waseda Tsurumakicho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
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6
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Potempa K, Deresz KA, Jankowska J, Jarzembska KN, Krówczyński A, Mikhailov A, Schaniel D, Kamiński R. Interrelations between Linkage Isomers of an Efficient Square-planar Nickel(II) Nitrite Photoswitch in the Solid State. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302629. [PMID: 37723126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient nitrite nickel(II) photoswitch, with the 1-phenyl-2-hydroxyimino-3-[(2'-dimethylamino)ethyl]imino-1-propanone moiety used as the ancillary ligand, is reported. In the ground-state ('dark') crystal structure, the studied compound exists predominantly as the nitro-(η1 -N(O)2 ) isomer, however, traces of the exo- and endo-nitrito-(η1 -ONO) forms are detected both at 100 K (4-5 % each) and under ambient conditions (~9 % each). When excited with the 405-530 nm LED light, the nitro-to-nitrito isomerization takes place. The total conversion exceeds 90 %. The exo-nitrito linkage isomer constitutes the dominant photo-generated form, whereas the relative population of both nitrito species depends on temperature. The reaction is fully reversible and reproducible. The photo-products are stable up to 200 K. The system constitutes a good model case for the reaction mechanism studies. Thus, experimental and theoretical investigations on the photo-isomerism were conducted and are presented in detail. Eventually, the nitro→exo-nitrito→endo-nitrito reaction pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Potempa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna A Deresz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jankowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna N Jarzembska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Krówczyński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Mikhailov A, Konieczny KA, Gladysheva M, Plyusnin P, Pillet S, Schaniel D. Photogeneration of Several Linkage Isomers and Investigation of Forward and Backward Nitro-Nitrito Isomerization Processes in a Palladium Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5531-5542. [PMID: 36989116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced linkage isomers (PLIs) of the nitro-ligand were generated and comprehensively characterized in a square planar unit [Pd(NH3)3NO2]+ of the complex salts [Pd(NH3)4][Pd(NH3)3NO2][MOx3]·yH2O (M = Cr (Cr), Rh (Rh), Co (Co), Ox = oxalate). Structural (XRD) and spectroscopic (IR, UV-vis) investigations at 10 and 150 K allowed determining the structures of several photoinduced linkage isomers, endo-ONO (PLI1, 2) and exo-ONO (PLI3, 4) isomers generated by irradiation with 365 nm from the initial NO2 (GS), along with the assignment of the infrared (IR) bands to each structural isomer. Based on a combination of these methods, the photo- and thermally induced interplay of PLIs was investigated. Irradiation in the temperature range of 10-80 K induces the formation of both endo- and exo-ONO isomers, while increasing the temperature up to 150 K results in the formation of only endo-ONO isomers. The structural arrangement of the endo-ONO and exo-ONO PLI is strongly influenced by intermolecular interactions due to the partial occupation of a neighboring site by water molecules. The investigation of thermal dynamics of PLIs revealed that the thermal decay of the exo-ONO isomer occurs via two steps exo-ONO → endo-ONO → NO2. The kinetic parameters (Ea, k0) of both decay processes were determined together with the characteristic decay temperatures (Td) by IR spectroscopy. According to the photoinduced dynamics measured by IR spectroscopy, the mechanism of PLI formation in [Pd(NH3)3NO2]+ could be described as NO2 → endo-ONO → exo-ONO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Mikhailov
- CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France
| | - Krzysztof A Konieczny
- CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Gladysheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Plyusnin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Sébastien Pillet
- CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France
| | - Dominik Schaniel
- CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54000, France
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8
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Hagiwara Y, Hasebe S, Fujisawa H, Morikawa J, Asahi T, Koshima H. Photothermally induced natural vibration for versatile and high-speed actuation of crystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1354. [PMID: 36907883 PMCID: PMC10008822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The flourishing field of soft robotics requires versatile actuation methodology. Natural vibration is a physical phenomenon that can occur in any material. Here, we report high-speed bending of anisole crystals by natural vibration induced by the photothermal effect. Rod-shaped crystal cantilevers undergo small, fast repetitive bending (~0.2°) due to natural vibration accompanied by large photothermal bending (~1°) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The natural vibration is greatly amplified by resonance upon pulsed light irradiation at the natural frequency to realise high frequency (~700 Hz), large bending (~4°), and high energy conversion efficiency from light to mechanical energy. The natural vibration is induced by the thermal load generated by the temperature gradient in the crystal due to the photothermal effect. The bending behaviour is successfully simulated using finite element analysis. Any light-absorbing crystal can be actuated by photothermally induced natural vibration. This finding of versatile crystal actuation can lead to the development of soft robots with high-speed and high-efficient actuation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shodai Hasebe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujisawa
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Junko Morikawa
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
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9
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Deresz KA, Kamiński R, Kutniewska SE, Krówczyński A, Schaniel D, Jarzembska KN. An optically reversible room-temperature solid-state cobalt(III) photoswitch based on nitro-to-nitrito linkage isomerism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13439-13442. [PMID: 36427165 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple trinitro cobalt complex [Co(3,3'-diamino-N-methylpropanediamine)(NO2)3] was proven to be photoswitchable at room temperature as the Pca21 polymorph with the maximum nitro-to-nitrito conversion reaching ca. 55%. Solid-state IR, UV-vis and XRD indicate that the transformation can be triggered optically in both ways via 470 nm and 570-660 nm LED light, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna A Deresz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sylwia E Kutniewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Krówczyński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Katarzyna N Jarzembska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Borowski P, Kutniewska SE, Kamiński R, Krówczyński A, Schaniel D, Jarzembska KN. Exploring Photoswitchable Properties of Two Nitro Nickel(II) Complexes with ( N, N, O)-Donor Ligands and Their Copper(II) Analogues. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6624-6640. [PMID: 35430817 PMCID: PMC9066408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Borowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia E. Kutniewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Krówczyński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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