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Kumar N, Gupta P. DFT Struggles to Predict the Energy Landscape for Iron Pyridine Diimine-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes: Insights into the Problem and Alternative Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4114-4127. [PMID: 38659086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, noninnocent pyridine diimine (PDI) complexes featuring first-row transition metals have emerged as prominent catalysts, demonstrating efficacy in a diverse range of vital organometallic transformations. However, the inherent complexity of the fundamental reactivity paradigm in these systems arises from the presence of a noninnocent ligand and the multispin feasibility of 3d metals. While density functional theory (DFT) has been widely used to unravel mechanistic insights, its limitations as a single-reference method can potentially misrepresent spin-state energetics, compromising our understanding of these intricate systems. In this study, we employ extensive high-level ab initio state averaged-complete active space self-consistent field/N-electron valence state perturbation theory (SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2) calculations in combination with DFT to investigate an iron-PDI-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of alkenes. The transformation proceeds through two major steps: oxidative cyclization and reductive elimination. Contrary to the predictions of DFT calculations, which suggest two-state reactivity in the reaction and identify reductive elimination as the turnover-limiting step, SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2-corrected results unequivocally establish a single-state reactivity scenario with oxidative cyclization as the turnover-limiting step. SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2-based insights into electronic ground states and electron distribution elucidate the intriguing interactions between the PDI ligand and the iron center, revealing the highly multiconfigurational nature of these species and providing a precise depiction of metal-ligand cooperativity throughout the transformation. A comparative assessment of several widely recognized DFT functionals against SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2-corrected data indicates that single-point energy calculations using the modern density functional MN15 on TPSSh geometries offer the most reliable density functional methodology, in scenarios where SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2 computational cost is a consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Kumar
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Center for Sustainable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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2
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Swatiputra AA, Mukherjee D, Dinda S, Roy S, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Electron transfer catalysis mediated by 3d complexes of redox non-innocent ligands possessing an azo function: a perspective. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15627-15646. [PMID: 37792473 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
It was first reported almost two decades ago that ligands with azo functions are capable of accepting electron(s) upon coordination to produce azo-anion radical complexes, thereby exhibiting redox non-innocence. Over the past two decades, there have been numerous reports of such complexes along with their structures and diverse characteristics. The ability of a coordinated azo function to accept one or more electron(s), thereby acting as an electron reservoir, is currently employed to carry out electron transfer catalysis since they can undergo redox transformation at mild potentials due to the presence of energetically accessible energy levels. The cooperative involvement of redox non-innocent ligand(s) containing an azo group and the coordinated metal centre can adjust and modulate the Lewis acidity of the latter through selective ligand-centred redox events, thereby manipulating the capacity of the metal centre to bind to the substrate. We have summarized the list of first row transition metal complexes of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc with redox non-innocent ligands incorporating an azo function that have been exploited as electron transfer catalysts to effectuate sustainable synthesis of a wide variety of useful chemicals. These include ketazines, pyrimidines, benzothiazole, benzoxazoles, N-acyl hydrazones, quinazoline-4(3)H-ones, C-3 alkylated indoles, N-alkylated anilines and N-alkylated heteroamines. The reaction pathways, as demonstrated by catalytic loops, reveal that the azo function of a coordinated ligand can act as an electron sink in the initial steps to bring about alcohol oxidation and thereafter, they serve as an electron pool to produce the final products either via HAT or PCET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Apan Swatiputra
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Debaarjun Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Soumitra Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry, The ICFAI University Tripura, Tripura 799210, India
| | - Kausikisankar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
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3
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Acosta CM, Belov DS, Lamur AH, Brantley CL, Solans-Monfort X, Rue KL, Christou G, Bukhryakov KV. Mononuclear Four-Coordinate Bis-Fluoride Bis-NHC Complexes of Chromium(II), Iron(II), and Cobalt(II). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18108-18115. [PMID: 37876243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between silylamido complexes of Cr(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) and IMes·2HF salt in the presence of IMes (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) led to isolation of Cr(IMes)2F2 (2-Cr), Fe(IMes)2F2 (2-Fe), and Co(IMes)2F2 (2-Co). X-ray structural studies revealed that 2-Cr adopts square planar geometry, while 2-Fe and 2-Co have distorted tetrahedral geometry. Magnetic susceptibility studies of 2-Cr, 2-Fe, and 2-Co were consistent with high-spin complexes, S = 2 for 2-Cr/2-Fe and S = 3/2 for 2-Co. We demonstrated that fluoride can be successfully exchanged for cyanide and azide using trimethylsilyl cyanide and trimethylsilyl azide (3-Fe and 4-Fe). DFT studies suggest that the preference of 2-Cr to adopt square planar geometry over tetrahedral is due to its d4 metal center, where four electrons fill the lower-lying d-orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Acosta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Andy H Lamur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - ChristiAnna L Brantley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | - Kelly L Rue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Konstantin V Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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4
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Akhtar N, Chauhan M, Gupta P, Antil N, Manna K. A supported pyridylimine-cobalt catalyst for N-formylation of amines using CO 2. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15384-15393. [PMID: 37043211 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
N-Formylation of amines with CO2 as a cheap and non-toxic C1-feedstock and hydrosilane reducing agent is a practical and environment friendly method to synthesize formamides. This study describes an efficient and chemoselective mono-N-formylation of amines using CO2 and phenylsilane under mild conditions using a porous metal-organic framework (MOF)-supported single-site cobalt catalyst (pyrim-UiO-Co). The pyrim-UiO-Co MOF has a UiO-topology, and its organic linkers bear a pyridylimine ligated Co catalytic moiety. A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic amines are transformed into desired N-formamides in moderate to excellent yields under 1-5 bar CO2. Pyrim-UiO-Co is tolerant to various functional groups and could be recycled and reused at least 10 times. Mechanistic investigation using kinetic, spectroscopic and density functional theory studies suggests that the formylation of benzylamine proceeds sequentially via oxidative addition of PhSiH3 and CO2 insertion, followed by a turn-over limiting reaction with an amine. Our work highlights the importance of MOF-based Earth-abundant metal catalysts for the practical and eco-friendly synthesis of fine chemicals using cheap feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naved Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Manav Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Poorvi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Neha Antil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Kuntal Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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5
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Naskar S, Halder S, Kanrar G, Jana D, Dinda S, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Role of ligand disposition and oxime…oximato hydrogen bonding upon redox non-innocent character of rhodium(III) phenylazooximates. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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6
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Hierlmeier G, Tosatti P, Puentener K, Chirik PJ. Identification of Cyclohexadienyl Hydrides as Intermediates in Molybdenum-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216026. [PMID: 36351208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of phosphino(imino)pyridine (PIP) molybdenum cyclooctadiene (COD) complexes [(PIP)Mo(COD)] with dihydrogen in the presence of benzene selectively furnished the molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydrides [(PIP)MoH(η5 -C6 H7 )], which are precatalysts for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane. [(PIP)MoH(η5 -C6 H7 )] arises from a rarely observed insertion of benzene into a molybdenum-hydride bond, a key step in the molybdenum-catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation of arenes. The reaction with toluene afforded a single isomer of the corresponding molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydride while para-xylene predominantly formed the molybdenum η6 -arene complex with the insertion product being a minor component. Addition of carbon monoxide to a cyclohexane-d12 solution of [(PIP)MoH(η5 -C6 H7 )] liberated cyclohexadiene, providing experimental support for a higher kinetic barrier for the subsequent steps en route to cycloalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Tosatti
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Puentener
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Day C, Do CD, Odena C, Benet-Buchholz J, Xu L, Foroutan-Nejad C, Hopmann KH, Martin R. Room-Temperature-Stable Magnesium Electride via Ni(II) Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13109-13117. [PMID: 35830190 PMCID: PMC9345648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of highly reduced bipyridyl magnesium complexes and the first example of a stable organic magnesium electride supported by quantum mechanical computations and X-ray diffraction. These complexes serve as unconventional homogeneous reductants due to their high solubility, modular redox potentials, and formation of insoluble, non-coordinating byproducts. The applicability of these reductants is showcased by accessing low-valent (bipy)2Ni(0) species that are challenging to access otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig
S. Day
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cuong Dat Do
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Department of
Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of
Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carlota Odena
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Department of
Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of
Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Chacon-Teran MA, Findlater M. Redox‐active BIAN‐based Iron Complexes in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Findlater
- University of California Merced Department of Chemistry 5200 N. Lake Road 95340 Merced UNITED STATES
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9
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Dinda S, Pramanik S, Basu J, Patra SC, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Azo-oximate metal-carbonyl to metallocarboxylic acid via the intermediate Ir(III) radical congener: quest for co-ligand driven stability of open- and closed-shell complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10121-10135. [PMID: 35731229 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00345g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The redox non-innocent behavior of the diaryl-azo-oxime ligand LNOH1 has been accentuated via the synthesis of metastable anion radical complexes of type trans-[Ir(LNO˙-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] 2 (CO is trans to azo group of the ligand) by the oxidative coordination reaction of 1 with Vaska's complex. The stereochemical role of co-ligands vis-à-vis the interplay of π-bonding has been found to be decisive in controlling the aptitude of the coordinated redox non-innocent ligand to accept or reject an electron. This has been clarified via the isolation of quite a few complexes as well as the failure to synthesize some others. The oxidized analogues of type trans-[Ir(LNO-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2]+2+ (CO and azo group of the ligand are trans) as well as its cis isomer cis-[Ir(LNO-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2]+3+ (CO and azo group of the ligand are cis) have been structurally characterized but the radical anion congener of the latter could not be synthesized. Furthermore, the closed shell complexes [Ir(LNO-)Cl2(PPh3)2] 4 and [Ir(LNO-)2Cl(PPh3)] 5 have been well characterized by diffraction as well as spectral techniques but their corresponding azo anion radical complexes could not be isolated and this is attributed to the trans influence of ancillary ligands. The anion radical complexes trans-[Ir(LNO˙-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] 2 may be rapidly transformed to the metallocarboxylic acids trans-[Ir(LNO-)Cl(CO2H)(PPh3)2] 6via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, thereby demonstrating the role of odd electron over the coordinated ligand framework to trigger metal-mediated carbonyl to carboxylic acid functionalization. Complexes 6 are further stabilized via intramolecular -CO2H⋯ON- (carboxylic acid⋯oximato) H-bonding. The optoelectronic properties as well as the origin of transitions in the complexes were analyzed by TD-DFT and theoretical analysis, which further disclose that the odd electron in trans-[Ir(LNO˙-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] 2 is primarily azo-oxime centric with very low contribution from the iridium center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Shuvam Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jaydeep Basu
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | | | | | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
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10
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Regenauer NI, Wadepohl H, Roşca DA. Metal-Ligand Cooperativity in Iron Dinitrogen Complexes: Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Disproportionation and an Anionic Fe(0)N 2 Hydride. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7426-7435. [PMID: 35508073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity and redox-active ligands enable the use of open-shell first-row transition metals in catalysis. However, the fleeting nature of the reactive intermediates prevents direct inspection of the relevant catalytic species. By employing phosphine α-iminopyridine (PNN)-based complexes, we show that chemical and redox metal-ligand cooperativity can be combined in the coordination sphere of iron dinitrogen complexes. These systems show dual activation modes either through deprotonation, which triggers reversible core dearomatization, or through reversibly accepting one electron by reducing the imine functionality. (PNN)Fe(N2) fragments can be obtained under mildly reducing conditions. Deprotonation of such complexes induces dearomatization of the pyridine core while retaining a terminally coordinated N2 ligand. This species is nevertheless stable in solution only below -30 °C and undergoes unusual ligand-assisted redox disproportionation through proton-coupled electron transfer at room temperature. The origin of this phenomenon is the significant lability of the α-imine C-H bonds in the dearomatized species, where the calculated bond dissociation free energy is 48.7 kcal mol-1. The dispropotionation reaction yields an overreduced iron compound, demonstrating that the formation of such species can be triggered by mild bases, and does not require harsh reducing agents. Reaction of the dearomatized species with dihydrogen yields a rare anionic Fe hydride that binds dinitrogen and features a rearomatized core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragoş-Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Chodkiewicz M, Pawlędzio S, Woińska M, Woźniak K. Fragmentation and transferability in Hirshfeld atom refinement. IUCRJ 2022; 9:298-315. [PMID: 35371499 PMCID: PMC8895009 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) is one of the most effective methods for obtaining accurate structural parameters for hydrogen atoms from X-ray diffraction data. Unfortunately, it is also relatively computationally expensive, especially for larger molecules due to wavefunction calculations. Here, a fragmentation approach has been tested as a remedy for this problem. It gives an order of magnitude improvement in computation time for larger organic systems and is a few times faster for metal-organic systems at the cost of only minor differences in the calculated structural parameters when compared with the original HAR calculations. Fragmentation was also applied to polymeric and disordered systems where it provides a natural solution to problems that arise when HAR is applied. The concept of fragmentation is closely related to the transferable aspherical atom model (TAAM) and allows insight into possible ways to improve TAAM. Hybrid approaches combining fragmentation with the transfer of atomic densities between chemically similar atoms have been tested. An efficient handling of intermolecular interactions was also introduced for calculations involving fragmentation. When applied in fragHAR (a fragmentation approach for polypeptides) as a replacement for the original approach, it allowed for more efficient calculations. All of the calculations were performed with a locally modified version of Olex2 combined with a development version of discamb2tsc and ORCA. Care was taken to efficiently use the power of multicore processors by simple implementation of load-balancing, which was found to be very important for lowering computational time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Magdalena Woińska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
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12
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Munshi S, Sinha A, Yiga S, Banerjee S, Singh R, Hossain MK, Haukka M, Valiati AF, Huelsmann RD, Martendal E, Peralta R, Xavier F, Wendt OF, Paine TK, Nordlander E. Hydrogen-atom and oxygen-atom transfer reactivities of iron(IV)-oxo complexes of quinoline-substituted pentadentate ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:870-884. [PMID: 34994361 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of iron(II) complexes with the general formula [FeII(L2-Qn)(L)]n+ (n = 1, L = F-, Cl-; n = 2, L = NCMe, H2O) have been isolated and characterized. The X-ray crystallographic data reveals that metal-ligand bond distances vary with varying ligand field strengths of the sixth ligand. While the complexes with fluoride, chloride and water as axial ligand are high spin, the acetonitrile-coordinated complex is in a mixed spin state. The steric bulk of the quinoline moieties forces the axial ligands to deviate from the Fe-Naxial axis. A higher deviation/tilt is noted for the high spin complexes, while the acetonitrile coordinated complex displays least deviation. This deviation from linearity is slightly less in the analogous low-spin iron(II) complex [FeII(L1-Qn)(NCMe)]2+ of the related asymmetric ligand L1-Qn due to the presence of only one sterically demanding quinoline moiety. The two iron(II)-acetonitrile complexes [FeII(L2-Qn)(NCMe)]2+ and [FeII(L1-Qn)(NCMe)]2+ generate the corresponding iron(IV)-oxo species with higher thermal stability of the species supported by the L1-Qn ligand. The crystallographic and spectroscopic data for [FeIV(O)(L1-Qn)](ClO4)2 bear resemblance to other crystallographically characterized S = 1 iron(IV)-oxo complexes. The hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactivities of both the iron(IV)-oxo complexes were investigated, and a Box-Behnken multivariate optimization of the parameters for catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane by [FeII(L2-Qn)(NCMe)]2+ using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant is presented. An increase in the average Fe-N bond length in [FeII(L1-Qn)(NCMe)]2+ is also manifested in higher HAT and OAT rates relative to the other reported complexes of ligands based on the N4Py framework. The results reported here confirm that the steric influence of the ligand environment is of critical importance for the reactivity of iron(IV)-oxo complexes, but additional electronic factors must influence the reactivity of iron-oxo complexes of N4Py derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Munshi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
| | - Arup Sinha
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Solomon Yiga
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sridhar Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
| | - Reena Singh
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Box 35, FI-400 14, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Andrei Felipe Valiati
- Department of Chemistry, LABINC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dagnoni Huelsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Technological Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), 89219-710 Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edmar Martendal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Technological Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), 89219-710 Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rosely Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, LABINC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Xavier
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Technological Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), 89219-710 Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ola F Wendt
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Tapan K Paine
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Pokhriyal D, Heins SP, Sifri RJ, Gentekos DT, Coleman RE, Wolczanski PT, Cundari TR, Fors BP, Lancaster KM, MacMillan SN. Reversible C-C Bond Formation, Halide Abstraction, and Electromers in Complexes of Iron Containing Redox-Noninnocent Pyridine-imine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18662-18673. [PMID: 34889590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of pyridine-imine (PI) iron complexes that exhibit redox noninnocence (RNI) led to several interesting discoveries. The reduction of (PI)FeX2 species afforded disproportionation products such as (dmpPI)2FeX (dmp = 2,6-Me2-C6H3, X = Cl, Br; 8-X) and (dippPI)2FeX (dipp = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3, X = Cl, Br; 9-X), which were independently prepared by reductions of (PI)FeX2 in the presence of PI. The crystal structure of 8-Br possessed an asymmetric unit with two distinct electromers, species with different electronic GSs: a low-spin (S = 1/2) configuration derived from an intermediate-spin S = 1 core antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled to an S = 1/2 PI ligand, and an S = 3/2 center resulting from a high-spin S = 2 core AF-coupled to an S = 1/2 PI ligand. Calculations were used to energetically compare plausible ground states. Polydentate diazepane-PI (DHPI) ligands were applied to the synthesis of monomeric dihalides (DHPI)FeX2 (X = Cl, 1-Cl2; X = Br, 1-Br2); reduction generated the highly distorted bioctahedral dimers (DHPA)2Fe2X2 ((3-X)2) containing a C-C bond formed from imine coupling; the monomers 1-X2 could be regenerated upon Ph3CX oxidation. Dihalides and their reduced counterparts were subjected to various alkyl halides and methyl methacrylate (MMA), generating polymers with little to no molecular weight control, indicative of simple radical-initiated polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Pokhriyal
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Spencer P Heins
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Renee J Sifri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Dillon T Gentekos
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Rachael E Coleman
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Peter T Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, CASCaM, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
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14
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Doll JS, Regenauer NI, Bothe VP, Wadepohl H, Roşca DA. Redox Activity of Iron Diazine-Diimine Carbonyl and Dinitrogen Complexes: A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Heterocyclic Ring. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:520-532. [PMID: 34913670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the electronic structure of diazinediimine iron complexes and their comparison with the pyridine analogues reveals subtle but important differences, imparted by the supporting heterocycle. In the case of LFe(CO)2 complexes (L = pyrazine- and pyrimidinediimine), the characterization of three available redox states confirmed that whereas the nature of the electron-transfer processes is similar, the differences in π-acidity of the supporting heterocycle significantly affect the redox potentials. The reduction of LFe(CO)2 can yield either a ligand-centered radical (for L = pyrimidine) or a C-C-bonded dimer (for L = pyrazine), supported by a dearomatized core. In the latter case, the C-C bond can be reversibly cleaved oxidatively. Compared to the carbonyl analogues, employing weak-field N2 ligands triggers changes in electronic structure for the neutral and reduced LFe(N2) complexes (L = pyrimidinediimine). En route to the synthesis of the nitrogen complexes, the square-planar LFeCl (L = pyrimidinediimine) was isolated. The monoradical character of the supporting chelate triggers the asymmetric distribution of electron density around the heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna S Doll
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas I Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria P Bothe
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragoş-Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Kamitani M. Chemically robust and readily available quinoline-based PNN iron complexes: application in C-H borylation of arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13246-13258. [PMID: 34812447 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron catalysts have been used for over a century to produce ammonia industrially. However, the use of iron catalysts generally remained quite limited until relatively recently, when the abundance and low toxicity of iron spurred the development of a variety of iron catalysts. Despite the fact that iron catalysts are being developed as alternatives to precious metal catalysts, their reactivities and stabilities are quite different because of their unique electronic structures. In this context, our group previously developed a new family of quinoline-based PNN pincer-type ligands for low- to mid-valent iron catalysts. These chemically robust PNN ligands provide air- and moisture-tolerant iron complexes, which exhibit excellent catalytic performances in the C-H borylation of arenes. This feature article summarises our recent work on PNN iron complexes, including their conception and design, as well as related reports on iron pincer complexes and iron-catalysed C-H borylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan.
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16
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Shee J, Loipersberger M, Hait D, Lee J, Head-Gordon M. Revealing the nature of electron correlation in transition metal complexes with symmetry breaking and chemical intuition. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:194109. [PMID: 34240907 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we provide a nuanced view of electron correlation in the context of transition metal complexes, reconciling computational characterization via spin and spatial symmetry breaking in single-reference methods with qualitative concepts from ligand-field and molecular orbital theories. These insights provide the tools to reliably diagnose the multi-reference character, and our analysis reveals that while strong (i.e., static) correlation can be found in linear molecules (e.g., diatomics) and weakly bound and antiferromagnetically coupled (monometal-noninnocent ligand or multi-metal) complexes, it is rarely found in the ground-states of mono-transition-metal complexes. This leads to a picture of static correlation that is no more complex for transition metals than it is, e.g., for organic biradicaloids. In contrast, the ability of organometallic species to form more complex interactions, involving both ligand-to-metal σ-donation and metal-to-ligand π-backdonation, places a larger burden on a theory's treatment of dynamic correlation. We hypothesize that chemical bonds in which inter-electron pair correlation is non-negligible cannot be adequately described by theories using MP2 correlation energies and indeed find large errors vs experiment for carbonyl-dissociation energies from double-hybrid density functionals. A theory's description of dynamic correlation (and to a less important extent, delocalization error), which affects relative spin-state energetics and thus spin symmetry breaking, is found to govern the efficacy of its use to diagnose static correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shee
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Matthias Loipersberger
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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17
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Singh O, Maji A, Singh A, Singh N, Ghosh K. A new family of complexes derived from bis(imino)pyridine‐type ligands: Crystal structures and bio‐molecular interaction studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ovender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju South Korea
| | - Ankur Maji
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
| | - Anshu Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju South Korea
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
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18
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Müller I, Werncke CG. Reductive Coupling of (Fluoro)pyridines by Linear 3d-Metal(I) Silylamides of Cr-Co: A Tale of C-C Bond Formation, C-F Bond Cleavage and a Pyridyl Radical Anion. Chemistry 2021; 27:4932-4938. [PMID: 33453071 PMCID: PMC7986091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the facile reduction of pyridine (and its derivatives) by linear 3d-metal(I) silylamides (M=Cr-Co). This reaction resulted in intermolecular C-C coupling to give dinuclear metal(II) complexes bearing a bridging 4,4'-dihydrobipyridyl ligand. For iron, we demonstrated that the C-C coupling is reversible in solution, either directly or by reaction with substrates, via a presumed monomeric metal(II) complex bearing a pyridyl radical anion. In the course of this investigation, we also observed that the dinuclear metal(II) complex incorporating iron facilitated the isomerisation of 1,4-cyclohexadiene to 1,3-cyclohexadiene as well as equimolar amounts of benzene and cyclohexene. Furthermore, we synthesised and structurally characterised a non-3d-metal-bound pyridyl radical anion. The reactions of the silylamides with perfluoropyridine led to C-F bond cleavage with the formation of metal(II) fluoride complexes of manganese, iron and cobalt along with the homocoupling or reductive degradation of the substrate. In the case of cobalt, the use of lesser fluorinated pyridines led to C-F bond cleavage but no homocoupling. Overall, in this paper we provide insights into the multifaceted behaviour of simple (fluoro)pyridines in the presence of moderately to highly reducing metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie/Department of ChemistryPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435037MarburgGermany
| | - Christian Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie/Department of ChemistryPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435037MarburgGermany
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19
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de Zwart FJ, Reus B, Laporte AAH, Sinha V, de Bruin B. Metrical Oxidation States of 1,4-Diazadiene-Derived Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3274-3281. [PMID: 33587616 PMCID: PMC8023656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
conventional method of assigning formal oxidation states (FOSs)
to metals and ligands is an important tool for understanding and predicting
the chemical reactivity, in particular, in catalysis research. For
complexes containing redox-noninnocent ligands, the oxidation state
of the ligand can be ambiguous (i.e., their spectroscopic oxidation
state can differ from the FOS) and thus frustrates the assignment
of the oxidation state of the metal. A quantitative correlation between
the empirical metric data of redox-active
ligands and their oxidation states using a metrical oxidation state
(MOS) model has been developed for catecholate- and amidophenoxide-derived
ligands by Brown. In the present work, we present a MOS model for
1,4-diazabutadiene (DADn) ligands. This
model is based on a similar approach as reported by Brown, correlating
the intra-ligand bond lengths of the DADn moiety in a quantitative manner with the MOS using geometrical information
from X-ray structures in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center
(CCDC) database. However, an accurate determination of the MOS of
these ligands turned out to be dependent on the coordination mode
of the DAD2– moiety, which can adopt both a planar
κ2-N2-geometry and a
η4-N2C2 π-coordination mode in (transition) metal complexes
in its doubly reduced, dianionic enediamide oxidation state. A reliable
MOS model was developed taking the intrinsic differences in intra-ligand
bond distances between these coordination modes of the DAD2– ligand into account. Three different models were defined and tested
using different geometric parameters (C=C → M distance,
M–N–C angle, and M–N–C–C torsion
angle) to describe the C=C backbone coordination with the metal
in the η4-N2-C2 π-coordination mode of the DAD2– ligand. Statistical analysis revealed that the C=C →
M distance best describes the η4-N2-C2 coordination mode using
a cutoff value of 2.46 Å for π-coordination. The developed
MOS model was used to validate the oxidation state assignment of elements
not contained within the training set (Sr, Yb, and Ho), thus demonstrating
the applicability of the MOS model to a wide range of complexes. Chromium
complexes with complex electronic structures were also shown to be
accurately described by MOS analysis. Furthermore, it is shown that
a combination of MOS analysis and FOD calculations provides an inexpensive
method to gain insight into the electronic structure of singlet spin
state (S = 0) [M(trop2dad)] transition-metal complexes
showing (potential) singlet biradical character. Assigning oxidation states to metals
and ligands is an important
tool for understanding and predicting the chemical reactivity. For
complexes containing redox-noninnocent ligands, the oxidation state
of the ligand can be ambiguous. We present a metrical oxidation state
model for 1,4-diazabutadiene ligands, correlating the intra-ligand
bond lengths with the oxidation state using information from X-ray
structures. This model accounts for the difference in bond length
distances between the different coordination modes of the fully reduced
ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J de Zwart
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Reus
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien A H Laporte
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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da Silva AR, de Almeida JS, Rivelino R. A Theoretical Assessment of Spin and Charge States in Binuclear Cobalt-Ruthenium Complexes: Implications for a Creutz-Taube Model Ion Separated by a C 60-Derivative Bridging Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10826-10837. [PMID: 33296201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the spin-state energetics and the role of ionic charges in the electronic configuration of binuclear complexes of the form [(NH3)5Co(py)-X-(py)Ru(NH3)5]q+. In these compounds with q = 4-6, py = pyridine, and X = C≡C and C60, the Co-Ru distance varies from ∼1.4 to ∼2.1 nm. We carry out a systematic electronic structure calculation using different exchange-correlation (xc) approaches within spin-density functional theory, which are largely employed to investigate the properties of a variety of coordination complexes. To evaluate the effects of spin states and type of spacer in the bridging ligand on the valence tautomerism between Co2+/3+ and Ru2+/3+, we examine in more detail the case of Creutz-Taube-type ions [(NH3)5Co(py)-X-(py)Ru(NH3)5]5+. Our analysis shows that the stabilization of low- and high-spin states critically depends on the total charge of the complex, type of X-bridged ligand, and employed xc approach to calculate the electron spin density. Importantly, the C60-bridged group may result in a blockage of the valence tautomerism of the Creutz-Taube complex, inducing bistable charge configurations. Overall, our results also show that an adiabatic description in terms of the frontier molecular spin-orbitals for analyzing the distinct spin-charge states of these complexes may dramatically depend on the density-functional description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro R da Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus São João dos Patos, 65665-000 São João dos Patos, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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21
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Xue Q, Wu R, Wang D, Zhu M, Zuo W. The Stabilization Effect of π‐Backdonation Ligands on the Catalytic Reactivities of Amido‐Ene(amido) Iron Catalysts in the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang District 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rongliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang District 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang District 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang District 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang District 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
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22
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Nasibipour M, Safaei E, Masoumpour MS, Wojtczak A. Ancillary ligand electro-activity effects towards phenyl acetylene homocoupling reaction by a nickel(ii) complex of a non-innocent O-amino phenol ligand: a mechanistic insight. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24176-24189. [PMID: 35516191 PMCID: PMC9055111 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Ni(ii) complex, was synthesized from the reaction of a non-innocent o-aminophenol ligand, and Ni(OAc)2. The crystal structure of NiIIL2 NIS (in which, IS stands for iminosemiquinone radical ligand with cyanide (shown by N in NIS) substituent on phenolate rings) exhibits the square planar environment of Ni(ii). The complex has been crystalized in the monoclinic system and Ni(ii) was surrounded by two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms of two ligands. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement for crystalline samples of complex shows the effective magnetic moment per molecule (μ eff) of near zero and the diamagnetic nature of the complex (S = 0) which emphasize that strong antiferromagnetic coupling prevailed between the two unpaired electrons of LNIS ligands and Ni(ii) high spin electrons. The complex is EPR silent which confirms the diamagnetic character of the Ni(ii) complex. Electrochemical measurement (CV) indicates the redox-active character of ligand and metal. NiIIL2 NIS complex proved to be effective for free metal- or base counterpart homocoupling of phenyl acetylene at room temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of using Ni(ii) complex without using any reducing agent due to the promotion ancillary effect of non-innocent o-aminophenol ligand which acts as an "electron reservoir" and can reversibly accept and donate electrons in the catalytic cycle. The theoretical calculation confirms the magnetostructure, electronic spectrum and confirmed the suggested mechanism of phenyl acetylene homocoupling with emphasis on the role of non-innocent ligand electro-activity and the effect of ligand substituent on the efficiency and stability of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nasibipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry 87-100 Torun Poland
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23
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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24
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Loipersberger M, Zee DZ, Panetier JA, Chang CJ, Long JR, Head-Gordon M. Computational Study of an Iron(II) Polypyridine Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction: Key Roles for Intramolecular Interactions in CO2 Binding and Proton Transfer. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8146-8160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Loipersberger
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Z. Zee
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julien A. Panetier
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Kameo H, Baba Y, Sakaki S, Tanaka Y, Matsuzaka H. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of an SN2-type Pathway for Borate–Fluorine Bond Cleavage by Electron-Rich Late-Transition Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4282-4291. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kameo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Yudai Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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26
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Regenauer NI, Settele S, Bill E, Wadepohl H, Roşca DA. Bis(imino)pyrazine-Supported Iron Complexes: Ligand-Based Redox Chemistry, Dearomatization, and Reversible C-C Bond Formation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2604-2612. [PMID: 31990534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron complexes supported by novel π-acidic bis(imino)pyrazine (PPzDI) ligands can be functionalized at the nonligated nitrogen atom, and this has a marked effect on the redox properties of the resulting complexes. Dearomatization is observed in the presence of cobaltocene, which reversibly reduces the pyrazine core and not the imine functionality, as observed in the case of the pyridinediimine-ligated iron analogues. The resulting ligand-based radical is prone to dimerization through the formation of a long carbon-carbon bond, which can be subsequently cleaved under mild oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Simon Settele
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstraße 24-36 , 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr , Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Dragoş-Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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27
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Oudsen JPH, Venderbosch B, Korstanje TJ, Tromp M. Electronic characterization of redox (non)-innocent Fe 2S 2 reference systems: a multi K-edge X-ray spectroscopic study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:729-738. [PMID: 35494446 PMCID: PMC9048190 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-iron dithiolate hydrogenase model complexes are promising systems for electrocatalytic production of dihydrogen and have therefore been spectroscopically and theoretically investigated in this study. The direct effect of ligand substitution on the redox activity of the complex is examined. In order to understand and eventually optimize such systems, we characterised both metal and ligand in detail, using element specific X-ray absorption Fe- and S-K edge XAS. The (electronic) structure of three different [Fe2S2] hydrogenase systems in their non-reduced state was investigated. The effect of one- and two-electron reduction on the (electronic) structure was subsequently investigated. The S K-edge XAS spectra proved to be sensitive to delocalization of the electron density into the aromatic ring. The earlier postulated charge and spin localization in these complexes could now be measured directly using XANES. Moreover, the electron density (from S K-edge XANES) could be directly correlated to the Fe-CO bond length (from Fe K-edge EXAFS), which are in turn both related to the reported catalytic activity of these complexes. The delocalization of the electron density into the conjugated π-system of the aromatic moieties lowers the basicity of the diiron core and since protonation occurs at the diiron (as a rate determining step), lowering the basicity decreases the extent of protonation and consequently the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P H Oudsen
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B Venderbosch
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - T J Korstanje
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M Tromp
- Materials Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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28
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Nasibipour M, Safaei E, Wrzeszcz G, Wojtczak A. Tuning of the redox potential and catalytic activity of a new Cu(ii) complex byo-iminobenzosemiquinone as an electron-reservoir ligand. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a new Cu(ii) complex, LNIS2CuII(LNIS=o-iminobenzosemiquinone), are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Grzegorz Wrzeszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun
- 87-100 Torun
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun
- 87-100 Torun
- Poland
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29
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He T, Buttner JC, Reynolds EF, Pham J, Malek JC, Keith JM, Chianese AR. Dehydroalkylative Activation of CNN- and PNN-Pincer Ruthenium Catalysts for Ester Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17404-17413. [PMID: 31589441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-pincer complexes bearing CNN- and PNN-pincer ligands with diethyl- or diisopropylamino side groups, which have previously been reported to be active precatalysts for ester hydrogenation, undergo dehydroalkylation on heating in the presence of tricyclohexylphosphine to release ethane or propane, giving five-coordinate ruthenium(0) complexes containing a nascent imine functional group. Ethane or propane is also released under the conditions of catalytic ester hydrogenation, and time-course studies show that this release is concomitant with the onset of catalysis. A new PNN-pincer ruthenium(0)-imine complex is a highly active catalyst for ester hydrogenation at room temperature, giving up to 15 500 turnovers with no added base. This complex was shown to react reversibly at room temperature with two equivalents of hydrogen to give a ruthenium(II)-dihydride complex, where the imine functionality has been hydrogenated to give a protic amine side group. These observations have potentially broad implications for the identities of catalytic intermediates in ester hydrogenation and related transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi He
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - John C Buttner
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Eamon F Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Jack C Malek
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Jason M Keith
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Anthony R Chianese
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
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30
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Tamang SR, Findlater M. Emergence and Applications of Base Metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) in Hydroboration and Hydrosilylation. Molecules 2019; 24:E3194. [PMID: 31484333 PMCID: PMC6749197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Base metal catalysis offers an alternative to reactions, which were once dominated by precious metals in hydrofunctionalization reactions. This review article details the development of some base metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) in the hydroboration and hydrosilylation reactions concomitant with a brief overview of recent advances in the field. Applications of both commercially available metal salts and well-defined metal complexes in catalysis and opportunities to further advance the field is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Raj Tamang
- Memorial Circle & Boston, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Michael Findlater
- Memorial Circle & Boston, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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31
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Panda S, Bera SK, Goel P, Dutta AK, Lahiri GK. Ruthenium-Chelated Non-Innocent Bis(heterocyclo)methanides: A Mimicked β-Diketiminate. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11458-11469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Puneet Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Achintya Kumar Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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32
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Ivanova TM, Sidorov AA, Mazalov LN, Fedorenko AD, Kiskin MA, Savilov SV, Lunin VV, Novotortsev VM, Eremenko IL, Kalinkin AV, Fedoseeva YV, Okotrub AV. An X-ray Spectral Study of the Electronic Structure of Non-Innocent Mono- and Binuclear Platinum Complexes with N-Phenyl-o-Benzosemiquinonediimine. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619060052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Lee J, Head-Gordon M. Two single-reference approaches to singlet biradicaloid problems: Complex, restricted orbitals and approximate spin-projection combined with regularized orbital-optimized Møller-Plesset perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5097613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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34
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Vaddypally S, Tomlinson W, O’Sullivan OT, Ding R, Van Vliet MM, Wayland BB, Hooper JP, Zdilla MJ. Activation of C–H, N–H, and O–H Bonds via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer to a Mn(III) Complex of Redox-Noninnocent Octaazacyclotetradecadiene, a Catenated-Nitrogen Macrocyclic Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5699-5709. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Warren Tomlinson
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, California 93943, United States
| | - Owen T. O’Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Megan M. Van Vliet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bradford B. Wayland
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Joseph P. Hooper
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, California 93943, United States
| | - Michael J. Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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35
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Lukoyanov AN, Ulivanova EA, Razborov DA, Khrizanforova VV, Budnikova YH, Makarov SG, Rumyantcev RV, Ketkov SY, Fedushkin IL. One-Electron Reduction of 2-Mono(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)acenaphthene-1-one (dpp-mian). Chemistry 2019; 25:3858-3866. [PMID: 30570195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical characteristics of 2-mono(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)acenaphthene-1-one (dpp-mian) have been investigated. One-electron reduction of dpp-mian involves the iminoketone fragment, which is revealed by the EPR spectrum obtained after the electrolysis of the dpp-mian solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The reduction of dpp-mian with one equivalent of metallic potassium leads to a similar EPR spectrum. The sodium complex [(dpp-mian)Na(dme)]2 (1) produces an EPR signal with hyperfine coupling on the nitrogen atom of the iminoketone fragment of the dpp-mian ligand. Dpp-mian can also be reduced in a one-electron process by SnCl2 ×(dioxane). In this case, complex (dpp-mian)2 SnCl2 (2) is formed, with the tin atom displaying an oxidation state of +4. Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, SnCl2 ×2(H2 O), also reduces dpp-mian, but the two ligands bound to tin in the product form a new carbon-carbon bond between the ketone moieties of the dpp-mian monoanions to form complex (bis-dpp-mian)HSnCl3 (3). Metallic tin reduces dpp-mian to form the (bis-dpp-mian)2 Sn (4) species. Compounds 1-4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N Lukoyanov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Ulivanova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Danila A Razborov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Vera V Khrizanforova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia H Budnikova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G Makarov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Rumyantcev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Y Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
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36
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Larson PJ, Wekesa FS, Singh A, Smith CR, Rajput A, McGovern GP, Unruh DK, Cozzolino AF, Findlater M. Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical properties and theoretical calculations of (BIAN) iron complexes. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Römelt C, Weyhermüller T, Wieghardt K. Structural characteristics of redox-active pyridine-1,6-diimine complexes: Electronic structures and ligand oxidation levels. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Morris RH. Physical insights into mechanistic processes in organometallic chemistry: an introduction. Faraday Discuss 2019; 220:10-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of late transition metal hydride homogeneous catalysts – 3d versus 4d metals.
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39
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Sinha V, Pribanic B, de Bruin B, Trincado M, Grützmacher H. Ligand- and Metal-Based Reactivity of a Neutral Ruthenium Diolefin Diazadiene Complex: The Innocent, the Guilty and the Suspicious. Chemistry 2018; 24:5513-5521. [PMID: 29341297 PMCID: PMC5947567 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of the diazadiene diolefin ligand (trop2 dad) to ruthenium leads to various complexes of composition [Ru(trop2 dad)(L)]. DFT studies indicate that the closed-shell singlet (CSS), open-shell singlet (OSS), and triplet electronic structures of this species are close in energy, with the OSS spin configuration being the lowest in energy for all tested functionals. Singlet-state CASSCF calculations revealed a significant multireference character for these complexes. The closed-shell singlet wavefunction dominates, but these complexes have a significant (≈8-16 %) open-shell singlet [d7 -RuI (L)(trop2 dad.- )] contribution mixed into the ground state. In agreement with their ambivalent electronic structure, these complexes reveal both metal- and ligand-centered reactivity. Most notable are the reactions with AdN3 , diazomethane, and a phosphaalkyne leading to scission of the C-C bond of the diazadiene (dad) moiety of the trop2 dad ligand, resulting in net (formal) nitrene, carbene, or P≡C insertion in the dad C-C bond, respectively. Supporting DFT studies revealed that several of the ligand-based reactions proceed via low-barrier radical-type pathways, involving the dad.- ligand radical character of the OSS or triplet species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sinha
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis GroupVan 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Pribanic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH ZürichLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1ZürichCH-8093Switzerland
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis GroupVan 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH ZürichLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1ZürichCH-8093Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH ZürichLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1ZürichCH-8093Switzerland
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40
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Gutierrez K, Corchado J, Lin S, Chen Z, Piñero Cruz DM. A non-innocent salen naphthalene ligand and its Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ metal complexes: Structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic characterization and computational studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Leipzig BK, Rees JA, Kowalska JK, Theisen RM, Kavčič M, Poon PCY, Kaminsky W, DeBeer S, Bill E, Kovacs JA. How Do Ring Size and π-Donating Thiolate Ligands Affect Redox-Active, α-Imino-N-heterocycle Ligand Activation? Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1935-1949. [PMID: 29411979 PMCID: PMC8312276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of first-row transition-metal catalysts containing redox-active imino-pyridine ligands that are capable of storing multiple reducing equivalents. This property allows abundant and inexpensive first-row transition metals, which favor sequential one-electron redox processes, to function as competent catalysts in the concerted two-electron reduction of substrates. Herein we report the syntheses and characterization of a series of iron complexes that contain both π-donating thiolate and π-accepting (α-imino)-N-heterocycle redox-active ligands, with progressively larger N-heterocycle rings (imidazole, pyridine, and quinoline). A cooperative interaction between these complementary redox-active ligands is shown to dictate the properties of these complexes. Unusually intense charge-transfer (CT) bands, and intraligand metrical parameters, reminiscent of a reduced (α-imino)-N-heterocycle ligand (L•-), initially suggested that the electron-donating thiolate had reduced the N-heterocycle. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data, however, provides evidence for direct communication, via backbonding, between the thiolate sulfur and the formally orthogonal (α-imino)-N-heterocycle ligand π*-orbitals. DFT calculations provide evidence for extensive delocalization of bonds over the sulfur, iron, and (α-imino)-N-heterocycle, and TD-DFT shows that the intense optical CT bands involve transitions between a mixed Fe/S donor, and (α-imino)-N-heterocycle π*-acceptor orbital. The energies and intensities of the optical and S K-edge pre-edge XAS transitions are shown to correlate with N-heterocycle ring size, as do the redox potentials. When the thiolate is replaced with a thioether, or when the low-spin S = 0 Fe(II) is replaced with a high-spin S = 3/2 Co(II), the N-heterocycle ligand metrical parameters and electronic structure do not change relative to the neutral L0 ligand. With respect to the development of future catalysts containing redox-active ligands, the energy cost of storing reducing equivalents is shown to be lowest when a quinoline, as opposed to imidazole or pyridine, is incorporated into the ligand backbone of the corresponding Fe complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Leipzig
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Julian A. Rees
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Joanna K. Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34–36, D–45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roslyn M. Theisen
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | | | | | - Werner Kaminsky
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34–36, D–45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34–36, D–45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Julie A. Kovacs
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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42
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Weliange NM, McGuinness DS, Gardiner MG, Patel J. Cobalt-bis(imino)pyridine complexes as catalysts for hydroalumination-isomerisation of internal olefins. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:10842-9. [PMID: 27296937 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of α- and internal octenes (hydroalumination) and chain walking isomerisation at di-n-octylaluminium hydride [Al(Oct)2H], catalysed by bis(imino)pyridine-Co complexes has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The Co-based catalysts promote efficient hydroalumination of 1-octene. Internal olefins are partially hydroaluminated, with isomerisation to the primary alkyls, but the catalyst responsible appears to deactivate rapidly. The reaction between the Co precatalysts and [Al(Oct)2H] generates a Co-hydride species, likely to be a hydride bridged dinuclear Co and Al complex. This species is reactive towards α-olefins but inert towards internal olefins. In contrast to hydroalumination, the catalysts promote efficient hydroboration, where insertion and isomerisation of internal octenes goes to completion. The differences between the systems may be partially ascribed to formation of an active mononuclear Co catalyst in the borane system versus a less active Co/Al dinuclear complex in hydroalumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita M Weliange
- School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | - David S McGuinness
- School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | - Jim Patel
- CSIRO Energy, 71 Normanby Rd, Clayton North 3169, Australia
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43
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Simler T, Choua S, Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P. Reactivity of a dearomatised pincer CoIIBr complex with PNCNHC donors: alkylation and Si–H bond activation via metal–ligand cooperation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7888-7895. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Whereas [Co(CyP*NaCNHC)Br] (1) with dearomatised pincer CyP*NaCNHC affords the CoII–alkyl complex 3, uncommon silane reduction yields the CoI complex 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Propriétés Optiques et Magnétiques des Architectures Moléculaires
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
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44
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Polezhaev AV, Chen CH, Kinne AS, Cabelof AC, Lord RL, Caulton KG. Ligand Design toward Multifunctional Substrate Reductive Transformations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9505-9514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Polezhaev
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University—Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States,
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University—Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States,
| | - Adam S. Kinne
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University—Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States,
| | - Alyssa C. Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University—Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States,
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45
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Polezhaev AV, Chen C, Losovyj Y, Caulton KG. A Multifunctional Pincer Ligand Supports Unsaturated Cobalt: Five Functionalities in One Pincer. Chemistry 2017; 23:8039-8050. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun‐Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Yaroslav Losovyj
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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46
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Peters GM, Winegrad JB, Gau MR, Imler GH, Xu B, Ren S, Wayland BB, Zdilla MJ. Synthesis and Structure of 2,5-Bis[N-(2,6-mesityl)iminomethyl]pyrrolylcobalt(II): Evidence for One-Electron-Oxidized, Redox Noninnocent Ligand Behavior. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3377-3385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garvin M. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jacob B. Winegrad
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bradford B. Wayland
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael J. Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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47
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Dauth A, Gellrich U, Diskin-Posner Y, Ben-David Y, Milstein D. The Ferraquinone-Ferrahydroquinone Couple: Combining Quinonic and Metal-Based Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2799-2807. [PMID: 28141925 PMCID: PMC5330656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A ferraquinone–ferrahydroquinone
organometallic redox couple
was prepared and characterized. Intricate cooperativity of the metal
was observed with different positions on the ligand. This allowed
cooperative activation of small molecules like molecular hydrogen,
oxygen, and bromine. Likewise, dehydrogenation of alcohols was achieved
through 1,6 metal–ligand cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dauth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
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48
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Frank P, Szilagyi RK, Gramlich V, Hsu HF, Hedman B, Hodgson KO. Spin-Polarization-Induced Preedge Transitions in the Sulfur K-Edge XAS Spectra of Open-Shell Transition-Metal Sulfates: Spectroscopic Validation of σ-Bond Electron Transfer. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1080-1093. [PMID: 28068071 PMCID: PMC5733802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectra of the monodentate sulfate complexes [MII(itao)(SO4)(H2O)0,1] (M = Co, Ni, Cu) and [Cu(Me6tren)(SO4)] exhibit well-defined preedge transitions at 2479.4, 2479.9, 2478.4, and 2477.7 eV, respectively, despite having no direct metal-sulfur bond, while the XAS preedge of [Zn(itao)(SO4)] is featureless. The sulfur K-edge XAS of [Cu(itao)(SO4)] but not of [Cu(Me6tren)(SO4)] uniquely exhibits a weak transition at 2472.1 eV, an extraordinary 8.7 eV below the first inflection of the rising K-edge. Preedge transitions also appear in the sulfur K-edge XAS of crystalline [MII(SO4)(H2O)] (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, but not Zn) and in sulfates of higher-valent early transition metals. Ground-state density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations show that charge transfer from coordinated sulfate to paramagnetic late transition metals produces spin polarization that differentially mixes the spin-up (α) and spin-down (β) spin orbitals of the sulfate ligand, inducing negative spin density at the sulfate sulfur. Ground-state DFT calculations show that sulfur 3p character then mixes into metal 4s and 4p valence orbitals and various combinations of ligand antibonding orbitals, producing measurable sulfur XAS transitions. TDDFT calculations confirm the presence of XAS preedge features 0.5-2 eV below the rising sulfur K-edge energy. The 2472.1 eV feature arises when orbitals at lower energy than the frontier occupied orbitals with S 3p character mix with the copper(II) electron hole. Transmission of spin polarization and thus of radical character through several bonds between the sulfur and electron hole provides a new mechanism for the counterintuitive appearance of preedge transitions in the XAS spectra of transition-metal oxoanion ligands in the absence of any direct metal-absorber bond. The 2472.1 eV transition is evidence for further radicalization from copper(II), which extends across a hydrogen-bond bridge between sulfate and the itao ligand and involves orbitals at energies below the frontier set. This electronic structure feature provides a direct spectroscopic confirmation of the through-bond electron-transfer mechanism of redox-active metalloproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305 USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94309 USA
| | - Robert K. Szilagyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 and MTA-ELTE “Momentum” Chemical Structure/Function Laboratory, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Volker Gramlich
- Laboratorium fuer Kristallographie, Sonneggstrasse 5, ETH-Zentrum, No. G 62, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hua-Fen Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94309 USA
| | - Keith O. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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49
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Hurmalainen J, Mansikkamäki A, Morgan IS, Peuronen A, Tuononen HM. Synthesis and characterisation of p-block complexes of biquinoline at different ligand charge states. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1377-1381. [PMID: 28091656 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of p-block coordination complexes of biquinoline, namely [(biq)BCl2]Cl and [(biq)BCl2]˙, were synthesized and structurally characterized. The acquired data allowed the estimation of the ligand charge state based on its metrical parameters. The subsequent use of this protocol, augmented with theoretical calculations, revealed ambiguities in the published data for transition metal complexes of biquinoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Hurmalainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Ian S Morgan
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Anssi Peuronen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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50
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Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P, Monakhov KY, van Leusen J, Kögerler P, Clémancey M, Latour JM, Benayad A, Tromp M, Rezabal E, Frison G. Heteroleptic, two-coordinate [M(NHC){N(SiMe 3) 2}] (M = Co, Fe) complexes: synthesis, reactivity and magnetism rationalized by an unexpected metal oxidation state. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1163-1171. [PMID: 28054058 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The linear, two-coordinate and isostructural heteroleptic [M(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}] (IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene), formally MI complexes (M = Co, 3; Fe, 4) were obtained by the reduction of [M(IPr)Cl{N(SiMe3)2}] with KC8, or [Co(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}2] with mes*PH2, mes* = 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2. The magnetism of 3 and 4 implies CoII and FeII centres coupled to one ligand-delocalized electron, in line with XPS and XANES data; the ac susceptibility of 4 detected a pronounced frequency dependence due to slow magnetization relaxation. Reduction of [Fe(IPr)Cl{N(SiMe3)2}] with excess KC8 in toluene gave the heteronuclear 'inverse-sandwich' Fe-K complex 7, featuring η6-toluene sandwiched between one Fe0 and one K+ centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT) and Peter Grünberg Institute 6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Equipe de Physicochimie des Métaux en Biologie, UMR 5249 CNRS/CEA-DRF-BIG/Université Grenoble-Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Equipe de Physicochimie des Métaux en Biologie, UMR 5249 CNRS/CEA-DRF-BIG/Université Grenoble-Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Anass Benayad
- CEA/DRT/LITEN/DTNM/SEN/L2N, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Moniek Tromp
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Sustainable Materials Characterisation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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