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Sharma MK, Weinert HM, Wölper C, Schulz S. Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL: A novel phosphinidene transfer reagent. Chemistry 2024:e202400110. [PMID: 38235843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL 1 (L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2 ; Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) reacts with N-heterocyclic carbenes R NHC (R NHC=[CMeN(R)]2 C; R=Me, iPr) to R NHC-coordinated phosphinidenes R NHC→PGa(Cl)L (R=Me 2 a, iPr 2 b) and with isonitriles RNC (R=iPr, Cy) to 1,3-phosphaazaallenes L(Cl)GaP=C=N-R (R=iPr 3 a, Cy 3 b), respectively. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that 2 a/2 b possess two localized lone pair of electrons, whereas 3 a/3 b only show one localized lone pair as was reported for gallaphosphene 1. 2 b reacts with 2.5 equivalents of a borane (THF ⋅ BH3 ) to the NHC-stabilized phosphinidene-borane complex [iPr NHC→P(BH2 )]2 (BH3 )3 4 with concomitant formation of LGa(H)Cl 5. 2-5 are characterized by heteronuclear (1 H, 13 C{1 H}, 31 P{1 H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Hanns M Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, D-47057, Duisburg
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2
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Yadav R, Das B, Singh A, Anmol, Sharma A, Majumder C, Kundu S. Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC)-supported phosphinidenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16680-16687. [PMID: 37960973 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC)-stabilized phosphinidenes (1-4) are reported. Compounds 1-3 were obtained by reacting trihalophosphine [PX3, X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)] with BICAAC in THF. A BICAAC-stabilized bis-phosphinidene (4) was obtained from the reduction of compound 2. All four compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations indicated the predominant C(carbene)P double bond characteristic in compounds 1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Bindusagar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Ashi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Anmol
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Chinmoy Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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3
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Siewert JE, Schumann A, Wellnitz T, Dankert F, Hering-Junghans C. Triphosphiranes as phosphinidene-transfer agents - synthesis of regular and chelating NHC phosphinidene adducts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15747-15756. [PMID: 37846491 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02690f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution we describe the general use of aryl-substituted triphosphiranes (Ar3P3; Ar = Mes, Dip, Tip) as phosphinidene transfer reagents towards N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to give a library of twelve N-heterocyclic carbene phosphinidene adducts of the type ArPNHC (NHCPs), in which the NHCs have varying steric profiles, allowing a systematic evaluation of their structural and NMR-spectroscopic properties. In the next series of experiments we utilized 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene bridged bis-NHCs to access a new class of chelating bis(NHCP)s, of which three derivatives could be structurally characterized. The 1,4-phenylene derivatives were shown to be susceptible to P-CNHC bond cleavage when irradiated with an LED (396 nm), providing a rare example of phosphinidene release from NHCPs. The coordination chemistry of 1,3-phenylene bridged bis(NHCP)s towards GeCl2(dioxane) and GaI3 was investigated and revealed the formation of ion-separated cationic complexes, with significant charge transfer from the ligand to the metal center according to NBO analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - André Schumann
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Siewert JE, Puerta Lombardi BM, Jannsen N, Roesler R, Hering-Junghans C. Synthesis and Ligand Properties of Chelating Bis( N-heterocyclic carbene)-Stabilized Bis(phosphinidenes). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16832-16841. [PMID: 37782848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
NHC-phosphinidene (NHCP) adducts are an emerging class of ligands with proven binding ability for main group and transition metal elements. They possess electron-rich P atoms with two lone pairs (LPs) of electrons, making them interesting platforms for the formation of multimetallic complexes. We describe herein a modular, high-yielding synthesis of bis(NHCP)s, starting from alkylidene-bridged bis(NHC)s ((IMe)2CnH2n; n = 1,3) and triphosphirane (PDip)3 (Dip = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) as phosphinidene transfer reagent. The coordination chemistry of [{DipP(IMe)}2CH2], 1, was studied in detail, and complexes [1·FeBr2] and [1·Rh(cod)]Cl were prepared, showing that the ligand has a flexible bite angle. The dicarbonyl complex [1·Rh(CO)2]Cl, with an average value for the CO stretching frequency of 2029 cm-1, indicates a strongly donating ligand when compared to related complexes. The binding ability of the remaining two phosphorus LPs was demonstrated with AuCl(SMe2), giving the heterotrimetallic complex [1·(AuCl)2·Rh(cod)]Cl. Moreover, [1·Rh(cod)]X (X- = Cl, B(3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3)4) was tested in the catalytic hydrogenation of methyl-Z-α-acetamidocinnamate (MAC) and dimethyl itaconate (ItMe2), revealing that the chloride complex was inactive, while the BArF complex demonstrated moderate activity. Additionally, [1·Rh(cod)]Cl was shown to be moderately air- and moisture-stable, slowly decomposing to the corresponding NHC-stabilized bis-dioxophosphorane, which was independently synthesized by treating the free ligand with dry O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Braulio M Puerta Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nora Jannsen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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5
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Ghadwal RS. 1,3-Imidazole-Based Mesoionic Carbenes and Anionic Dicarbenes: Pushing the Limit of Classical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304665. [PMID: 37132480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Classical N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) featuring the carbene center at the C2-position of 1,3-imidazole framework (i.e. C2-carbenes) are well acknowledged as very versatile neutral ligands in molecular as well as in materials sciences. The efficiency and success of NHCs in diverse areas is essentially attributed to their persuasive stereoelectronics, in particular the potent σ-donor property. The NHCs with the carbene center at the unusual C4 (or C5) position, the so-called abnormal NHCs (aNHCs) or mesoionic carbenes (iMICs), are however superior σ-donors than C2-carbenes. Hence, iMICs have substantial potential in sustainable synthesis and catalysis. The main obstacle in this direction is rather demanding synthetic accessibility of iMICs. The aim of this review article is to highlight recent advances, particularly by the author's research group, in accessing stable iMICs, quantifying their properties, and exploring their applications in synthesis and catalysis. In addition, the synthetic viability and use of vicinal C4,C5-anionic dicarbenes (ADCs), also based on an 1,3-imidazole framework, are presented. As will be apparent on following pages, iMICs and ADCs hold potentials in pushing the limit of classical NHCs by enabling access to conceptually new main-group heterocycles, radicals, molecular catalysts, ligands sets, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Ziółkowska A, Doroszuk J, Ponikiewski Ł. Overview of the Synthesis and Catalytic Reactivity of Transition Metal Complexes Based on C═P Bond Systems. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Nag E, Battuluri S, Sinu BB, Roy S. Carbene-Anchored Boryl- and Stibanyl-Phosphaalkenes as Precursors for Bis-Phosphaalkenyl Dichlorogermane and Mixed-Valence Ag I/Ag II Phosphinidenide. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13007-13014. [PMID: 35939532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC)-anchored boryl- and stibanyl-phosphaalkenes with general formula cAAC = P-ER2 [E = B, R = (NiPr2)2 (3a-c); E = Sb, R = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl (5a-b)] have been synthesized and utilized as precursors for the bis-phosphaalkenyl dichlorogermane [(cAAC = P)2GeCl2] (6) and the first molecular example of a neutral polymeric mixed-valence AgI/AgII phosphinidenide complex [(cAACP)2Ag4IAgIICl4]n (7). All compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometric analysis, and UV-vis/fluorescence measurements. The paramagnetic complex 7 has been characterized by ESR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry studies of compounds 3/5 have suggested possible one-electron quasi-reversible reductions, indicating their redox noninnocent behavior in solution. Quantum chemical studies revealed the electron-sharing nature of the P-B and P-Sb σ bonds in compounds 3 and 5, and the polar CcAAC = P bonds in compounds 3, 5, and 6 prevailing their phosphaalkene structures over phosphinidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Sridhar Battuluri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Bhavya Bini Sinu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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8
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203345. [PMID: 35583052 PMCID: PMC9401048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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9
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathese Reaktionen eines NHC‐stabilisierten Phosphaborens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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10
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11
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Peters M, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Cationic Iridium(I) NHC‐Phosphinidene Complexes and Their Application in Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Technische Universität Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig GERMANY
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12
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Reddy SR, Jayakumar J. Cu-Catalysed tandem reactions for building poly hetero atom heterocycles-green chemistry tool. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Of late, regio-selective tandem reactions are given much attention due to the formation of several multiple bonds in a single synthetic operation, avoids altering the reaction conditions, isolation of the intermediates during the reaction, reduces the production of toxic waste to the environment and can produce highly complex organic molecules with desired selectivity. Though, it requires the well-built knowledge for optimization of the process, it permits to make the complex organic molecules with least number of steps, and it has eventually made great interest and inspiration to the upcoming organic chemists. Presentation of current book chapter presents the Cu-Catalysed tandem reactions for building poly hetero atom heterocyclic compounds via green approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyothylakshmi Jayakumar
- Department of Chemistry , Vellore Institute of Technology , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , 632014 , India
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13
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Bhattacharjee J, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidenide Complexes as Hydroboration Catalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1098-1109. [PMID: 35007063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene adducts (NHC)PSiMe3 and (NHC)PH with the dinuclear ruthenium and osmium complexes [(η6-p-cymene)MCl2]2 (M = Ru, Os) afforded the half-sandwich complexes [(η6-p-cymene){(NHC)P}MCl] and [(η6-p-cymene){(NHC)PH}MCl2] with two- and three-legged piano-stool geometries, respectively (NHC = IDipp, IMes; IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene; IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). The complexes were initially tested as precatalysts for the hydroboration of benzonitrile, and the most active species, the ruthenium complex [(η6-p-cymene){(IMes)P}RuCl], was further used for the efficient hydroboration of a wide range (ca. 50 substrates) of nitriles, carboxylic esters, and carboxamides in neat pinacolborane (HBpin) under comparatively mild reaction conditions (60-80 °C, 3-5 mol % catalyst loading). Preliminary mechanistic and kinetic studies are reported, and stoichiometric reactions with HBpin indicate the initial formation of the monohydride complex [(η6-p-cymene){(IMes)P}RuH] as the putative catalytically active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bhattacharjee
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Weller R, Gonzalez A, Gottschling H, Hänisch C, Werncke CG. NHC‐Stabilized Parent Phosphinidene Adducts of Metal(II) Hexamethyldisilazanides of Manganese – Cobalt and Their Lability in Solution. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Andres Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Hannah Gottschling
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
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15
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Weller R, Balmer M, Hänisch CV, Gunnar Werncke C. Synthesis of the open-shell 3d-transition metal(II) bis(phosphinidenide) [Mn{P(sIDipp)} 2]. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1765-1768. [PMID: 35013743 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the first homoleptic open-shell transition metal phosphinidenide is presented. By reacting [MnL2] (L = -N(SiMe3)2) with [(sIDipp)PK] (sIDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-imidazolidine-2-ylidene), the formation of [Mn{P(sIDipp)}2] instead of the initially expected adduct [KMn{P(sIDipp)}L2] is observed. Interestingly, a solvent change from toluene to n-pentane leads to the formation of [(sIDipp)PK2(Et2O)4][MnL3] after work-up, which can be seen as intermediate in the formation process of [Mn{P(sIDipp)}2]. Contrary to manganese, the highly reducing phosphinidenide [(sIDipp)P]- cannot be stabilized in an analogous fashion by coordination to a low-coordinate high-spin iron(II) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Balmer
- Dockweiler Chemicals GmbH, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - C Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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16
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Switching from Heteronuclear Allyl Cations to Vinyl Cations by Using a Chemical Charge Trap. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:597-604. [PMID: 34941246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halide abstraction of the carbene-coordinated pnictinidenes (MecAAC)EGa(Cl)L (E = As 1, Sb 2, Bi 3, MecAAC = [H2C(CMe2)2NDipp]C; L = HC[C(Me)NDipp]2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) yielded the series of cationic group 15 compounds [(MecAAC)EGaL][Al(ORF)4] (E = As 4, Sb 5; Al(ORF)4 = Al(OC(CF3)3)4) and [(MecAAC)EGaL][B(ArF)4] (E = Sb 6, Bi 7; B(ArF)4 = B[C6H3(CF3)2]4), which were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and sc-XRD. The electronic nature of the cations [(MecAAC)EGaL]+ is controlled by the central pnictogen atom, according to quantum chemical calculations. The calculations furthermore demonstrated that compounds containing the lighter pnictogens (E = N, P) are best described as heteronuclear allyl cations, whereas heavier pnictogen atoms (E = As, Sb, Bi) serve as a trap for the positive charge, resulting in carbene-stabilized heterovinyl-type structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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17
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Auer AA, Schulz S. Formation and Cleavage of a Sb−Sb Double Bond: From Carbene‐Coordinated Distibenes to Stibinidenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
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18
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Ho LP, Neitzel A, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Rhodium and Iridium Complexes of Anionic Thione and Selone Ligands Derived from Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104139. [PMID: 34878696 PMCID: PMC9305287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lithium salts of anionic N‐heterocyclic thiones and selones [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}Li(toluene)] (1: E=S; 2: E=Se; WCA=B(C6F5)3, IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), which contain a weakly coordinating anionic (WCA) borate moiety in the imidazole backbone were reacted with Me3SiCl, to furnish the silylated adducts (WCA‐IDipp)ESiMe3 (3: E=S; 4: E=Se). The reaction of the latter with [(η5‐C5Me5)MCl2]2 (M=Rh, Ir) afforded the rhodium(III) and iridium(III) half‐sandwich complexes [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}MCl(η5‐C5Me5)] (5–8). The direct reaction of the lithium salts 1 and 2 with a half or a full equivalent of [M(COD)Cl]2 (M=Rh, Ir) afforded the monometallic complexes [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}M(COD)] (9–12) or the bimetallic complexes [μ2‐{(WCA‐IDipp)E}M2(COD)2(μ2‐Cl)] (13–16), respectively. The bonding situation in these complexes has been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing thiolate or selenolate ligand character with negligible metal‐chalcogen π‐interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Neitzel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Baierl R, Kostenko A, Hanusch F, Inoue S. Application of ferrocene-bridged N-heterocyclic carbene stabilised bis-phosphinidenes in Sn(II) complexation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14842-14848. [PMID: 34596644 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new bidentate ferrocene-bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene-phospinidenes) (bisNHCPs) were successfully isolated by treating 1,1'-bis-(dichlorophosphine)ferrocene with N-heterocyclic carbenes, followed by dechlorination using sodium naphthalenide. The bisNHCPs were used in complexation of various Sn(II) halides and Sn(II) bistriflate (SnX2 with X = Cl, Br, I, OTf). Transmetalation to a CuCl complex and Sn(II) transfer to a bisimine was performed to investigate the stannyliumylidenes' reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Baierl
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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20
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Grünwald A, Anjana SS, Munz D. Terminal Imido Complexes of the Groups 9–11: Electronic Structure and Developments in the Last Decade. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Grünwald
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - S. S. Anjana
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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21
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Sreejyothi P, Bhattacharyya K, Kumar S, Kumar Hota P, Datta A, Mandal SK. An NHC-Stabilised Phosphinidene for Catalytic Formylation: A DFT-Guided Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:11656-11662. [PMID: 34021640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the applications of low-valent main group compounds have gained momentum in the field of catalysis. Owing to the accessibility of two lone pairs of electrons, NHC-stabilised phosphinidenes have been found to be excellent Lewis bases; however, they cannot yet be used as catalysts. Herein, an NHC-stabilised phosphinidene, 1,3-dimethyl-2-(phenylphosphanylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H imidazole (1), for the activation of CO2 is reported.A closer inspection of the CO2 activation process by DFT calculations along with intrinsic bond orbital analysis shows that phosphinidene is associated with phenylsilane through a noncovalent π-π interaction between two phenyl rings which activates the Si-H bond facilitating hydride transfer to the CO2 molecule. Detailed DFT studies along with spectroscopic experiments were combined to understand the mechanism of CO2 activation and its catalytic reductive functionalisation leading to the formylation of a range of chemically inert primary amides under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sreejyothi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Kalishankar Bhattacharyya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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22
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Bhattacharjee J, Peters M, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Isoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide by Aluminum Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts. Chemistry 2021; 27:5913-5918. [PMID: 33555047 PMCID: PMC8048956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene adducts (NHC)PH were reacted with AlMe3 in toluene to afford the monoaluminum complexes [{(IDipp)PH}AlMe3 ] and [{(IMes)PH}AlMe3 ] (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). In contrast, the dialuminum complex [{(Me IMes)PH}(AlMe3 )2 ] was obtained for Me IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene. These complexes served as initiators for the efficient ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide in toluene at 60 °C. High degrees of isoselectivity were found for the poly(rac-lactide) obtained in the presence of the monoaluminum complexes (Pm up to 0.92, Tm up to 191 °C), whereas almost atactic polymers were produced by the dialuminum complex. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the polymerization proceeds via a coordination-insertion mechanism with the carbene-phosphinidene ligands acting as stereodirecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bhattacharjee
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Marius Peters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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23
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Werner L, Horrer G, Philipp M, Lubitz K, Kuntze‐Fechner MW, Radius U. A General Synthetic Route to NHC‐Phosphinidenes: NHC‐mediated Dehydrogenation of Primary Phosphines. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Günther Horrer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Philipp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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24
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Liu Y, Keil H, Zhong M, Li J, Yang Z, Herbst‐Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. MesPX
2
/IsPX
2
as Precursors for the Preparation of Phosphasilenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashuai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Helena Keil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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25
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Ziółkowska A, Szynkiewicz N, Ponikiewski Ł. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the reactivity of [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η 2-P(SiMe 3)-P iPr 2}] towards selected ketones. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1390-1401. [PMID: 33433538 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new type of reactivity of [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-PiPr2}] (1) towards ketones (BDI* = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-methyldiketiminate ligand). In the reaction of 1 with acetone, cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone, a ketone moiety is inserted into Ti-Pphosphanyl or Ti-Pphosphido bonds to form complexes with a new C-P-P moiety, providing [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-PiPr2-C(Me)2O}] (2a), [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η2-OC(Me)2P(SiMe3)-PiPr2}] (2b), [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-P(iPr)2-{C(CH2)4}O}] (3a), and [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-P(iPr)2-{C(CH2)5}O}] (4a). Starting complex 1 reacts with cyclohexanone, yielding a monocrystalline complex [{(ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Me)CHC(Me)[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr)C(CH2)5O}Ti(Cl){PiPr2-P(SiMe3)C(CH2)5O}] (4d) with the insertion of two ketone molecules. Interestingly, we found that monoinserted complexes 2a and 3a may be oxidized via a reaction with AgCl, leading to elimination of the -SiMe3 group and oxidation of the titanium atom. This reaction led us to isolate the Ti(iv) complex [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){η2-P-P(iPr)2-{C(CH2)5}O}] (5) in crystalline form. To identify the kinds of products that may be formed and determine which products are the most energetically favoured ones, we conducted a thermodynamic DFT study of 1 towards acetone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone. Structures 2a, 2b, 3a, 3e, 4a, 4d, and 5 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, and complex 5 was also identified by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ziółkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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26
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Beheshti A, Bahrani‐Pour M, Kolahi M, Shakerzadeh E, Motamedi H, Mayer P. Synthesis, structural characterization, and density functional theory calculations of the two new Zn (II) complexes as antibacterial and anticancer agents with a neutral flexible tetradentate pyrazole‐based ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azizollah Beheshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Maryam Bahrani‐Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Maryam Kolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Ehsan Shakerzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
- Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie Butenandtstr LMU München University Munich Germany
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27
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Nucleophilic Phosphinidene Transition Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14878-14887. [PMID: 32721063 PMCID: PMC7756676 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chloride abstraction from the complexes [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}MCl] (2 a, M=Ru; 2 b, M=Os) and [(η5 -C5 Me5 ){(IDipp)P}IrCl] (3 b, IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF ) in the presence of trimethylphosphine (PMe3 ), 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene (Me IMe) or carbon monoxide (CO) afforded the complexes [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}M(PMe3 )]BArF ] (4 a, M=Ru; 4 b, M=Os), [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}Os(Me IMe)]BArF ] (5) and [(η5 -C5 Me5 ){(IDipp)P}IrL][BArF ] (6, L=PMe3 ; 7, L=Me IMe; 8, L=CO). These cationic N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene complexes feature very similar structural and spectroscopic properties as prototypic nucleophilic arylphosphinidene complexes such as low-field 31 P NMR resonances and short metal-phosphorus double bonds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the metal-phosphorus bond can be described in terms of an interaction between a triplet [(IDipp)P]+ cation and a triplet metal complex fragment ligand with highly covalent σ- and π-contributions. Crystals of the C-H activated complex 9 were isolated from solutions containing the PMe3 complex, and its formation can be rationalized by PMe3 dissociation and formation of a putative 16-electron intermediate [(η5 -C5 Me5 )Ir{P(IDipp)}I][BArF ], which undergoes C-H activation at one of the Dipp isopropyl groups and addition along the iridium-phosphorus bond to afford an unusual η3 -benzyl coordination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of, Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Govt. ITI BuildingEngineering School Road, Ganjam, Berhampur760010OdishaIndia
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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28
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Abstract
Terminal, electrophilic phosphinidene complexes (M=PR) are attractive platforms for PR-transfer to organic substrates. In contrast to aryl- or alkylphosphinidene complexes terminal chlorophosphinidenes (M=PCl) have only been proposed as transient intermediates but isolable example remain elusive. Here we present the transfer of PCl from chloro-substituted dibenzo-7λ3-phosphanorbornadiene to a square-planar osmium(II) PNP pincer complex to give the first isolable, terminal chlorophosphinidene complex with remarkable thermal stability. Os=P bonding was examined computationally giving rise to highly covalent {OsII=PICl} double bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Abbenseth
- Institute für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077Göttingen
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institute für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077Göttingen
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29
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Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Isolation of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Phosphorus and Arsenic Mononitride. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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30
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Balmer M, Franzke YJ, Weigend F, von Hänisch C. Low-Valent Group 14 Phosphinidenide Complexes [({SIDipp}P) 2 M] Exhibit P-M pπ-pπ Interaction (M=Ge, Sn, Pb). Chemistry 2020; 26:192-197. [PMID: 31702848 PMCID: PMC6972534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of new low-valent Group 14 phosphinidenide complexes [({SIDipp}P)2 M] exhibiting P-M pπ-pπ interactions (SIDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidene, M=Ge, Sn, Pb), is presented. These compounds were investigated by means of structural, spectroscopic, and quantum-chemical methods. Furthermore, the monosubstituted compounds [(SIDippP)MX]2 (M=Sn, X=Cl; M=Pb, X=Br) are presented, which show dimeric structures instead of multiple bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Yannick J. Franzke
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstrasse 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
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31
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Ho LP, Körner L, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Chalcogen complexes of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13207-13217. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogen complexes of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes were isolated as lithium salts and their protonation and oxidation were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Brauschweig
- Germany
| | - Lukas Körner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Brauschweig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Brauschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Brauschweig
- Germany
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32
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Synthesis of the Cyclic Group 13 Phosphinidenides [(NHC)PMCl
2
]
2
(NHC = SIMes, SIDipp; M = Al, Ga). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Ringkontraktion durch NHC‐induzierte Pnictogen‐Abstraktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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34
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Ring Contraction by NHC‐Induced Pnictogen Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16563-16568. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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35
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Dhara D, Das S, Pati SK, Scheschkewitz D, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. NHC‐Coordinated Diphosphene‐Stabilized Gold(I) Hydride and Its Reversible Conversion to Gold(I) Formate with CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad- 500107 Telangana India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore- 560064 India
- Present address: Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore- 560064 India
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad- 500107 Telangana India
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad- 500107 Telangana India
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36
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Dhara D, Das S, Pati SK, Scheschkewitz D, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. NHC-Coordinated Diphosphene-Stabilized Gold(I) Hydride and Its Reversible Conversion to Gold(I) Formate with CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15367-15371. [PMID: 31414524 PMCID: PMC6916326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An NHC-coordinated diphosphene is employed as ligand for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon-soluble monomeric AuI hydride, which readily adds CO2 at room temperature yielding the corresponding AuI formate. The reversible reaction can be expedited by the addition of NHC, which induces β-hydride shift and the removal of CO2 from equilibrium through the formation of an NHC-CO2 adduct. The AuI formate is alternatively formed by dehydrogenative coupling of the AuI hydride with formic acid (HCO2 H), thus in total establishing a reaction sequence for the AuI hydride mediated dehydrogenation of HCO2 H as chemical hydrogen storage material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad-500107TelanganaIndia
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences UnitJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangalore-560064India
- Present address: Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences UnitJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangalore-560064India
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad-500107TelanganaIndia
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur-208016India
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad-500107TelanganaIndia
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37
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Zaretzke M, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Isolation of Carbene-Stabilized Arsenic Monophosphide [AsP] and its Radical Cation [AsP] +. and Dication [AsP] 2. Chemistry 2019; 25:13119-13123. [PMID: 31433085 PMCID: PMC6856684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic monophosphide (AsP) species supported by two different N-heterocyclic carbenes were prepared by reaction of (IDipp)PSiMe3 (1) (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) with (IMes)AsCl3 (2) (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) to afford the dichloride [(IMes)As(Cl)P(IDipp)]Cl (3), which upon reduction with KC8 furnished heteroleptic [(IMes)AsP(IDipp)] (4). The corresponding mono- and dications [(IMes)AsP(IDipp)][PF6 ], [5]PF6 , and [(IMes)AsP(IDipp)][GaCl4 ]2, [6][GaCl4 ]2 , respectively, were prepared by one-electron oxidation of 4 with ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate, [Fc]PF6, or by chloride abstraction from 3 with two equivalents of GaCl3 , respectively. Compounds 4-6 represent rare examples of heterodiatiomic interpnictogen compounds, and X-ray crystal structure determinations together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a consecutive shortening of the As-P bond lengths and increasing bond order, in agreement with the presence of an arsenic-phosphorus single bond in 4 and a double bond in 62+ . The EPR signal of the cationic radical [5]+. indicates a symmetric spin distribution on the AsP moiety through strong hyperfine coupling with the 75 As and 31 P nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Govt. ITI BuildingEngineering School Road, Ganjam, Berhampur760010OdishaIndia
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Marc‐Kevin Zaretzke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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38
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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39
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Balmer M, Weigend F, von Hänisch C. Low‐Valent Group 14 NHC‐Stabilized Phosphinidenide ate Complexes and NHC‐Stabilized K/P‐Clusters. Chemistry 2019; 25:4914-4919. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für NanotechnologieKarlsruher Institut für Technologie Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Leopoldshafen-Eggenstein Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
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40
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Ho LP, Zaretzke MK, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Heteroleptic diphosphenes and arsaphosphenes bearing neutral and anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10709-10712. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05739k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach afforded heteroleptic arsaphosphene species supported by neutral and anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Marc-Kevin Zaretzke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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41
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Ho LP, Nasr A, Jones PG, Altun A, Neese F, Bistoni G, Tamm M. London Dispersion Interactions in Pnictogen Cations [ECl
2
]
+
and [E=E]
2+
(E=P, As, Sb) Supported by Anionic
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:18922-18932. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexandre Nasr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ahmet Altun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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42
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Synthesis and Structures of RhI
and IrI
Complexes Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; 35032 Marburg Germany
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44
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Kundu S, Sinhababu S, Siddiqui MM, Luebben AV, Dittrich B, Yang T, Frenking G, Roesky HW. Comparison of Two Phosphinidenes Binding to Silicon(IV)dichloride as well as to Silylene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9409-9412. [PMID: 30011193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC) anchored silylene with two phosphinidenes was isolated as (cAAC)Si{P(cAAC)}2 (3) at room temperature, which was synthesized from the reduction of (Cl2)Si{P(cAAC)}2 (2) using 2 equiv of KC8. Compound 2 resulted from the reaction of 2 equiv of (cAAC)PK (1) with 1 equiv of SiCl4. Compounds 2 and 3 are the first examples where two terminal phosphinidenes are binding each to a silicon center characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Furthermore, the structure and bonding of compounds 2 and 3 have been investigated by theoretical methods for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Kundu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Mujahuddin M Siddiqui
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Anna V Luebben
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Anorganische und Strukturchemie II , Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Gebäude 26.42.01.21, Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Tao Yang
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerweinstrasse 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerweinstrasse 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
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45
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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46
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Krachko T, Slootweg JC. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Krachko
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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47
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Schwedtmann K, Zanoni G, Weigand JJ. Recent Advances in Imidazoliumyl-Substituted Phosphorus Compounds. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1388-1405. [PMID: 29573181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the recent developments in the chemistry of selected imidazoliumyl-substituted phosphorus compounds. The synthetic approaches for their preparation with phosphorus in various oxidation states and coordination environments are discussed. Their intriguing properties and versatile chemistry strongly depends on the bonding motif at the P atoms, which is given special focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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48
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Kundu S, Sinhababu S, Luebben AV, Mondal T, Koley D, Dittrich B, Roesky HW. Reagent for Introducing Base-Stabilized Phosphorus Atoms into Organic and Inorganic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:151-154. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Kundu
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna V. Luebben
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Totan Mondal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Anorganische
und Strukturchemie II, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Gebäude
26.42.01.21, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Zaretzke MK, Kleeberg C, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. A modular approach to carbene-stabilized diphosphorus species. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15859-15864. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach has been developed for the synthesis of a series of neutral, cationic and dicationic heteroleptic dicarbene–diphosphorus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Marc-Kevin Zaretzke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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