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Tan C, Yang J, Xue X, Wei J, Li H, Li Z, Duan Y. MsMYB62-like as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus spectabilis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2318509. [PMID: 38375800 PMCID: PMC10880495 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2318509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Crabapple is a valuable tree species in gardens due to its captivating array of flower and leaf colors, rendering it a favored choice in landscaping. The economic and ornamental values of Malus crabapple are closely associated with the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, a pigment responsible for its vibrant hues. The intricate regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis involves the concerted activity of various genes. However, the specific mechanism governing this process in crabapple warrants in-depth exploration. In this study, we explored the inhibitory role of MsMYB62-like in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We identified MsDFR and MsANS as two downstream target genes of MsMYB62-like. These genes encode enzymes integral to the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The findings demonstrate that MsMYB62-like directly binds to the promoters of MsDFR and MsANS, resulting in the downregulation of their expression levels. Additionally, our observations indicate that the plant hormone cytokinins exert a suppressive effect on the expression levels of MsMYB62-like, while concurrently upregulating MsDFR and MsANS. This study reveals that the MsMYB62-like-MsDFR/MsANS module plays an important role in governing anthocyanin levels in Malus crabapple. Notably, the regulatory interplay is modulated by the plant hormone cytokinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyue Xue
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wei
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Houhua Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zenglin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Yang L, Deng H, Wang M, Li S, Wang W, Yang H, Pang C, Zhong Q, Sun Y, Hong L. A high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of blood orange, an important pigmented sweet orange variety. Sci Data 2024; 11:460. [PMID: 38710725 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood orange (BO) is a rare red-fleshed sweet orange (SWO) with a high anthocyanin content and is associated with numerous health-related benefits. Here, we reported a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly for Neixiu (NX) BO, reaching 336.63 Mb in length with contig and scaffold N50 values of 30.6 Mb. Furthermore, 96% of the assembled sequences were successfully anchored to 9 pseudo-chromosomes. The genome assembly also revealed the presence of 37.87% transposon elements and 7.64% tandem repeats, and the annotation of 30,395 protein-coding genes. A high level of genome synteny was observed between BO and SWO, further supporting their genetic similarity. The speciation event that gave rise to the Citrus species predated the duplication event found within them. The genome-wide variation between NX and SWO was also compared. This first high-quality BO genome will serve as a fundamental basis for future studies on functional genomics and genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Changqing Pang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Hong
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Wang M, Chen Y, Li S, Yu J, Yang L, Hong L. Widely Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Provides New Insights into the Effect of Rootstocks on Citrus Fruit Quality. Metabolites 2024; 14:242. [PMID: 38668370 PMCID: PMC11052146 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of different rootstocks has a significant effect on the content of flavor components and overall fruit quality. However, little information is available about the metabolic basis of the nutritional value of citrus plants. In this study, UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) was performed to analyze the metabolites of three late-maturing hybrid mandarin varieties ('Gold Nugget', 'Tango' and 'Orah') grafted on four rootstocks ('Trifoliate orange', 'Carrizo citrange', 'Red tangerine' and 'Ziyang Xiangcheng'). A total of 1006 metabolites were identified through OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis) analysis. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis revealed the most critical pathways among the different pathways associated with genes grafted on the four rootstocks that were differentially activated, including tryptophan metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism in 'Gold Nugget'; tryptophan metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism in 'Tango'; and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis- and photosynthesis-related biosynthesis in 'Orah'. A considerable difference between the different rootstocks was also observed in the accumulation of lipids, phenolic acids and flavonoids; further analysis revealed that the rootstocks regulated specific metabolites, including deacetylnomylinic acid, sudachinoid A, amoenin evodol, rutaevin, cyclo (phenylalanine-glutamic acid), cyclo (proline-phenylalanine), 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, and 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid. The results of this study provide a useful foundation for further investigation of rootstock selection for late-maturation hybrid mandarin varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Lei Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Lin Hong
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
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Zhou Y, Wu W, Sun Y, Shen Y, Mao L, Dai Y, Yang B, Liu Z. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under continuous blue light irradiation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:210. [PMID: 38519909 PMCID: PMC10960449 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essential that we understand how to use light to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. RESULT Pepper leaves were significantly blue-purple only in continuous blue light or white light (with a blue light component) irradiation treatments, and the anthocyanin content of pepper leaves increased significantly after continuous blue light irradiation. This green-to-purple phenotype change in pepper leaves was due to the expression of different genes. We found that the anthocyanin synthesis precursor-related genes PAL and 4CL, as well as the structural genes F3H, DFR, ANS, BZ1, and F3'5'H in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, had high expression under continuous blue light irradiation. Similarly, the expression of transcription factors MYB1R1-like, MYB48, MYB4-like isoform X1, bHLH143-like, and bHLH92-like isoform X3, and circadian rhythm-related genes LHY and COP1, were significantly increased after continuous blue light irradiation. A correlation network analysis revealed that these transcription factors and circadian rhythm-related genes were positively correlated with structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Metabolomic analysis showed that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside were significantly higher under continuous blue light irradiation relative to other light treatments. We selected 12 genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pepper leaves for qRT-PCR analysis, and the accuracy of the RNA-seq results was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that blue light and 24-hour irradiation together induced the expression of key genes and the accumulation of metabolites in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, thus promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper leaves. These results provide a basis for future study of the mechanisms of light quality and photoperiod in anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism, and our study may serve as a valuable reference for screening light ratios that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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Wang Y, Lu RS, Li MH, Lu XY, Sun XQ, Zhang YM. Unraveling the Molecular Basis of Color Variation in Dioscorea alata Tubers: Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolomics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2057. [PMID: 38396734 PMCID: PMC10889544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea alata L. (Dioscoreaceae) is a widely cultivated tuber crop with variations in tuber color, offering potential value as health-promoting foods. This study focused on the comparison of D. alata tubers possessing two distinct colors, white and purple, to explore the underlying mechanisms of color variation. Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols known to influence plant color and exhibit antioxidant properties, were of particular interest. The total phenol and total flavonoid analyses revealed that purple tubers (PTs) have a significantly higher content of these metabolites than white tubers (WTs) and a higher antioxidant activity than WTs, suggesting potential health benefits of PT D. alata. The transcriptome analysis identified 108 differentially expressed genes associated with the flavonoid synthesis pathway, with 57 genes up-regulated in PTs, including CHS, CHI, DFR, FLS, F3H, F3'5'H, LAR, ANS, and ANR. The metabolomics analysis demonstrated that 424 metabolites, including 104 flavonoids and 8 tannins, accumulated differentially in PTs and WTs. Notably, five of the top ten up-regulated metabolites were flavonoids, including 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-glucoside, pinocembrin-7-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3,7,6-O-triglycoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-triglycoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-feruloyl)sophoroside-5-O-glucoside, with the latter being a precursor to anthocyanin synthesis. Integrating transcriptome and metabolomics data revealed that the 57 genes regulated 20 metabolites within the flavonoid synthesis pathway, potentially influencing the tubers' color variation. The high polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of PTs indicate their suitability as nutritious and health-promoting food sources. Taken together, the findings of this study provide insights into the molecular basis of tuber color variation in D. alata and underscore the potential applications of purple tubers in the food industry and human health promotion. The findings contribute to the understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and pigment accumulation in D. alata tubers, opening avenues for future research on enhancing the nutritional quality of D. alata cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.W.); (R.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rui-Sen Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.W.); (R.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ming-Han Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.W.); (R.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.W.); (R.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.W.); (R.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.W.); (R.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
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Habibi F, García-Pastor ME, Puente-Moreno J, Garrido-Auñón F, Serrano M, Valero D. Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12089-12101. [PMID: 35822279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin concentration is considered an important fruit quality index of blood oranges and has gained popularity among consumers due to its antioxidant capacity, therapeutic properties, and prevention of some human diseases. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum by multi-enzymes complexes through the flavonoid pathway. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and β-glucosidase (anthocyanase) are the enzymes responsible for anthocyanin degradation. Blood oranges are cold-dependent for anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, and thus, the low temperature of storage can enhance anthocyanin concentration and improve internal fruit quality. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation can be accelerated by postharvest technologies, either physical treatments or chemical elicitors. However, low temperatures can induce chilling injury (CI) incidence in blood oranges. Postharvest chemical elicitors treatments can enhance anthocyanin accumulation and prevent CI. This review provides the most updated information about postharvest tools modulating the anthocyanin content, and the role of enhancing and preserving pigmentation to produce blood orange with the highest quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jenifer Puente-Moreno
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Garrido-Auñón
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen J, Sun Y, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. Ultrasound Treatment Improves Fruit Quality of Postharvest Blood Oranges ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck): Anthocyanin Enrichment and Its Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14013-14026. [PMID: 37681676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of different nonthermal treatments on quality attributes, anthocyanin profiles, and gene expressions related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during low-temperature storage, including pulsed light (PL), magnetic energy (ME), and ultrasound (US). Among these treatments, 1 min US treatment was the most effective method for improving fruit quality and increasing total anthocyanin contents (by 29.89 ± 3.32%) as well as individual anthocyanins during low-temperature storage of 28 days. This treatment resulted in high color intensity, intact cellular architectures, and positive sensory evaluation. In contrast, PL and ME treatments displayed negative effects on quality improvement, leading to the destruction of cell architectures and inhibiting anthocyanin levels. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that the structural genes (C4H, CHS1, CHS2, CHI, F3H, ANS, and GST) related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport were the target genes and upregulated in response to the cavitation effect of US treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 31001, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Yang L, Chen Y, Wang M, Hou H, Li S, Guan L, Yang H, Wang W, Hong L. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of grafting on blood orange quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1169220. [PMID: 37360739 PMCID: PMC10286243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1169220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Blood orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a valuable source of nutrition because it is enriched in anthocyanins and has high organoleptic properties. Grafting is commonly used in citriculture and has crucial effects on various phenotypes of the blood orange, including its coloration, phenology, and biotic and abiotic resistance. Still, the underlying genetics and regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored. Methods In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles at eight developmental stages of the lido blood orange cultivar (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Lido) grafted onto two rootstocks. Results and discussion The Trifoliate orange rootstock provided the best fruit quality and flesh color for Lido blood orange. Comparative metabolomics suggested significant differences in accumulation patterns of metabolites and we identified 295 differentially accumulated metabolites. The major contributors were flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids. Moreover, transcriptome profiling resulted in the identification of 4179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 54 DEGs were associated with flavonoids and anthocyanins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified major genes associated to 16 anthocyanins. Furthermore, seven transcription factors (C2H2, GANT, MYB-related, AP2/ERF, NAC, bZIP, and MYB) and five genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis pathway (CHS, F3H, UFGT, and ANS) were identified as key modulators of the anthocyanin content in lido blood orange. Overall, our results revealed the impact of rootstock on the global transcriptome and metabolome in relation to fruit quality in lido blood orange. The identified key genes and metabolites can be further utilized for the quality improvement of blood orange varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifang Hou
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Guan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Hong
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Forner-Giner MÁ, Ballesta-de Los Santos M, Melgarejo P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Núñez-Gómez D, Continella A, Legua P. Influence of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality and Primary and Secondary Metabolites Content of Blood Oranges Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104176. [PMID: 37241916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood oranges have high concentrations of bioactive compounds that are beneficial to health. In Europe, the cultivation of blood oranges is increasing due to their excellent nutritional properties. In Citrus crops, rootstocks play an important role in juice and can increase the content of bioactive compounds. The morphological, qualitative and nutritional parameters were analyzed in cultivars 'Tarocco Ippolito', 'Tarocco Lempso', 'Tarocco Tapi' and 'Tarocco Fondaconuovo' grafted onto Citrus macrophylla and Citrus reshni. 'Tarocco Lempso' grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the highest values of weight (275.78 g), caliber (81.37 mm and 76.79 mm) and juice content (162.11 g). 'Tarocco Tapi' grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most interesting qualitative parameters (15.40 °Brix; 12.0 MI). 'Tarocco Lempso' grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most intense red juice (a* = 9.61). Overall, the highest concentrations of primary metabolites were in proline, aspartate, citric acid, and sucrose. The results showed that 'Tarocco Ippolito' juice grafted onto Citrus reshni had the highest levels of total hydroxycinnamic acids (263.33 mg L-1), total flavones (449.74 mg L-1) and total anthocyanins (650.42 mg L-1). To conclude, 'Tarocco Lempso' grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the best values of agronomic parameters, and the cultivars grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained significantly higher concentrations in primary and secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Ballesta-de Los Santos
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Juan José Martínez-Nicolás
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Alberto Continella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Pilar Legua
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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10
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen J, Wang W, Wu D, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. The potential of different ripeness of blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) for sale in advance after low-temperature storage: Anthocyanin enhancements, volatile compounds, and taste attributes. Food Chem 2023; 417:135934. [PMID: 36940512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore the optimal early harvest time similar to the ripe fruit qualities, the effects of storage temperatures on maturity indexes, weight losses, colour parameters, anthocyanin profiles, volatile and taste components of blood oranges at six different maturity levels were investigated. Total anthocyanin contents of cold-treated fruits increased to or exceed that of ripe fruits (0.24 ± 0.12 mg/100 g), and fruits harvested from 260 d and 280 d after anthesis shared similar individual anthocyanin profiles to ripe fruits during storage at 8 °C for 30 d and 20 d (III-30 d and IV-20 d groups), respectively. Moreover, comparative analyses of e-nose and e-tongue demonstrated the distances of volatile components and scores of taste attributes including sourness, saltiness, bitterness, sweetness, and umami in III-30 d and IV-20 d groups were close to that of ripe fruits, indicating that the fruits could be sold about 20 to 30 d ahead of the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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11
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Chen J, Liu F, Wu RA, Chen J, Wang W, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. An up-to-date review: differential biosynthesis mechanisms and enrichment methods for health-promoting anthocyanins of citrus fruits during processing and storage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3989-4015. [PMID: 36322523 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, naturally found in citrus, play key roles in improving the qualities of citrus fruits and products. Dietary consumption of fruit-derived anthocyanins is concerned increasingly owing to health-promoting properties. However, anthocyanins are vulnerable to many physical and chemical factors during processing and storage, affecting fruit qualities and consumer acceptance. Thus, the aim of this review is to focus on main advances in chemical structures, differential biosynthesis mechanisms, enrichment methods, and bioactivities of anthocyanins in pigmented and unpigmented citrus fruits. In this review, anthocyanin species and concentrations display tissue specificity in citrus, and the chemical structures and contents of main anthocyanins are summarized. For differential biosynthesis mechanisms, the reasons why most citrus fruits lose the ability of anthocyanin biosynthesis compared with pigmented fruits, and the molecular differences of biosynthesis mechanisms in pigmented citrus fruits are both discussed in detail. Furthermore, anthocyanins' enrichment methods (low-temperature stimulus, light irradiation, xenobiotics inductions, and ripeness influence) during processing and storage have been summarized, which achieve quality improvement by promoting structural gene expression, reducing anthocyanin-degrading enzyme activities, or altering DNA methylation status. Meantime, the health benefits of extract from pigmented citrus and their waste are mentioned, which provides a new approach for citrus waste recycling. HIGHLIGHTSChemical structures of individual anthocyanins in citrus are reviewed.Differential anthocyanin biosynthesis in citrus depends on mutations of Ruby genes.Anthocyanins are enriched in response to exogenous stimulus during storage.Health benefits of extract in blood oranges and their waste are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ricardo Antonio Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
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Giménez-Sanchis A, Zhong K, Pintor A, Farina V, Besada C. Understanding Blood versus Blond Orange Consumption: A Cross-Cultural Study in Four Countries. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172686. [PMID: 36076871 PMCID: PMC9455469 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding consumer perceptions and attitudes to specific fruit is key information for not only increasing fruit consumption, but also for marketing reasons. It may also give clues to breeders to set quality objectives. This study explores different aspects that help to explain blood vs. blond orange consumption: availability and consumption habit, satisfaction attributes, facilitators and consumption barriers, consumption contexts, expectations and purchase intention. The study was conducted in China, Mexico, Spain and Italy, where citrus fruit consumers were invited to respond an online questionnaire. Our results revealed Italy as the country with the highest availability and consumption of blood oranges, followed by China, Mexico and Spain. "Liking" and "healthy properties" were the most important reasons for consumption irrespectively of orange type, but certain differences among countries were detected in secondary reasons. In all the countries, "juicy" was the most relevant attribute for consumer satisfaction, followed by flavour/taste attributes. "Aromatic" and "unfibrous" were substantial requirements for Italians and Chinese, while Spaniards attached importance to the blood oranges colour. Regarding consumption contexts, "eat with salt or chilly powder" was specific for Mexico, while "to improve health", "as a gift" or "at a restaurant" were contexts mainly cited in China. Despite taste preferences for other fruit being the main consumption barrier in all the countries for both orange types, the relevance of other barriers depended on culture and orange type. Mexican participants seemed to take a more neophobic attitude to blood oranges, while "inconvenient" was reported as a barrier for consuming blond ones in Spain and China. We conclude that blond and blood oranges can co-exist on markets at a high consumption rate, as in Italy. Specific interventions are needed in other countries because consumer attitudes to oranges, mainly blood ones, depend on culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Giménez-Sanchis
- Sensory and Consumer Science Research Group, Postharvest Department, Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research Crta Moncada-Náquera km. 4.5, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kui Zhong
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aurora Pintor
- Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Besada
- Sensory and Consumer Science Research Group, Postharvest Department, Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research Crta Moncada-Náquera km. 4.5, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Thilmony R, Dasgupta K, Shao M, Harris D, Hartman J, Harden LA, Chan R, Thomson JG. Tissue-specific expression of Ruby in Mexican lime ( C. aurantifolia) confers anthocyanin accumulation in fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945738. [PMID: 36003820 PMCID: PMC9393592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue specific promoters are important tools for the precise genetic engineering of crop plants. Four fruit-preferential promoters were examined for their ability to confer a novel fruit trait in transgenic Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia). The Ruby transcription factor activates fruit anthocyanin accumulation within Moro blood orange and has been shown to function in activating anthocyanin accumulation in heterologous plant species. Although the CitVO1, CitUNK, SlE8, and PamMybA promoters were previously shown to confer strong fruit-preferential expression in transgenic tomato, they exhibited no detectable expression in transgenic Mexican lime trees. In contrast, the CitWax promoter exhibited high fruit-preferential expression of Ruby, conferring strong anthocyanin accumulation within the fruit juice sac tissue and moderate activity in floral/reproductive tissues. In some of the transgenic trees with high levels of flower and fruit anthocyanin accumulation, juvenile leaves also exhibited purple coloration, but the color disappeared as the leaves matured. We show that the CitWax promoter enables the expression of Ruby to produce anthocyanin colored fruit desired by consumers. The production of this antioxidant metabolite increases the fruits nutritional value and may provide added health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Thilmony
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
| | - Kasturi Dasgupta
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
- Citrus Research Board, Visalia, CA, United States
| | - Min Shao
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
- Citrus Research Board, Visalia, CA, United States
| | - Daren Harris
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
| | - Jake Hartman
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
| | - Leslie A. Harden
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
| | - Ron Chan
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
| | - James G. Thomson
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Albany, CA, United States
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Liu S, Lou Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Li P, Yang B, Gu Q. Review of phytochemical and nutritional characteristics and food applications of Citrus L. fruits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:968604. [PMID: 35923210 PMCID: PMC9339955 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.968604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the dietary regimen rich in fruits is being widely recognized and encouraged, Citrus L. fruits have been growing in popularity worldwide due to their high amounts of health-promoting phytonutrients and bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, carotenoids, pectins, and fatty acids. The diverse physicochemical properties and multiple utilization of citrus fruits in food industry are associated with their unique chemical compositions. Throughout the world, citrus has been used for producing various value-added and nutritionally enhanced products, including juices, wines, jams, canned citrus, and dried citrus. However, the current studies regarding the phytochemical and nutritional characteristics and food applications of citrus are scattered. This review systematically summarizes the existing bibliography on the chemical characteristics, functional and nutraceutical benefits, processing, and potential applications of citrus. A thorough understanding of this information may provide scientific guidance for better utilizing citrus as a functional fruit and benefit the extension of citrus value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Gu
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Habibi F, Valero D, Serrano M, Guillén F. Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine Maintains Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Physicochemical Attributes of Blood Orange Fruit During Prolonged Cold Storage. Front Nutr 2022; 9:873915. [PMID: 35811946 PMCID: PMC9269930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.873915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous application of glycine betaine (GB) was evaluated on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical attributes of blood orange fruit cv. Moro at 3°C for 90 days. Vacuum infiltration (30 kPa) of GB was applied at 15 and 30 mM for 8 min. Parameters were measured after 1, 30, 60, and 90 days of storage plus 2 days at 20°C to simulate the shelf-life period. GB treatments significantly reduced weight and firmness losses in “Moro” blood orange fruit during cold storage. GB treatment maintained a higher concentration of organic acids (citric, malic, succinic, and oxalic acids) and sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), especially for the higher GB doses (30 mM). During storage, GB treatments enhanced total anthocyanin concentration, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity. With respect to enzyme activities, the application of exogenous GB showed increases in catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, while suppressing the polyphenol oxidase activity. Overall, the most effective treatment was 30 mM GB leading to maintaining bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and quality in “Moro” blood orange fruit during long-term storage. The positive results would permit the use of GB as a postharvest tool to maintain the quality attributes of blood orange fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fabián Guillén
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Chen J, Liu F, Ismail BB, wang W, Xu E, Pan H, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. Effects of ethephon and low-temperature treatments on blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck): anthocyanin accumulation and volatile profile changes during storage. Food Chem 2022; 393:133381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Relation between Rind Pigmentation and Internal Quality of Blood Orange ‘Sanguinelli’: Physicochemical and Sensory Studies. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relation between rind colour and the internal physicochemical and sensory qualities of ‘Sanguinelli’ blood oranges, one of the main blood orange cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region. To this end, 400 fruits were harvested in three different orchards and classified according to rind pigmentation intensity (slight, medium, intense, very intense). All fruits were individually evaluated by determining rind and pulp colour, total soluble solids, acidity, maturity index, juice yield, firmness, and size. Moreover, 71 consumers performed a triangle test to evaluate if fruit sensory properties depended on rind pigmentation. Our results revealed (for the first time) that pulp pigmentation and total soluble solid (TSS) content strongly depend on rind colouration. Among the fruit from the same orchard, the redder the pigmented fruit was (externally) the deeper the red pulp, and the higher the TSS became. This pattern was corroborated in the three orchards under study. Other characteristics, such as acidity, juice yield, firmness, and fruit size, did not depend on external pigmentation. Sensory studies showed that the more coloured the fruit, the higher the accumulated sugar content; consumers perceive these fruits as being sweeter than slightly pigmented ones. This information can be very useful for the citrus industry as external colour may become a quality index for blood oranges, as well as for consumers to make purchase decisions.
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Qiu L, Zheng T, Liu W, Zhuo X, Li P, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Formation Mechanism of Red Stem in Prunus mume. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884883. [PMID: 35599903 PMCID: PMC9120947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prunus mume var. purpurea, commonly known as "Red Bone", is a special variety with pink or purple-red xylem. It is famous due to gorgeous petals and delightful aromas, playing important roles in urban landscaping. The regulation mechanism of color formation in P. mume var. purpurea stem development is unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome in WYY ('Wuyuyu' accession, red stem) and FLE ('Fei Lve' accession, green stem), and found a total of 256 differential metabolites. At least 14 anthocyanins were detected in WYY, wherein cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside and peonidin3-O-glucoside were significantly accumulated through LC-MS/MS analysis. Transcriptome data showed that the genes related to flavonoid-anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in WYY. The ratio of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavonol synthase (FLS) expression levels may affect metabolic balance in WYY, suggesting a vital role in xylem color formation. In addition, several transcription factors were up-regulated, which may be the key factors contributing to transcriptional changes in anthocyanin synthesis. Overall, the results provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of xylem color regulation in P. mume and lay a theoretical foundation for cultivating new varieties.
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Legua P, Modica G, Porras I, Conesa A, Continella A. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and fruit quality evaluation of eleven blood orange cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2960-2971. [PMID: 34766350 PMCID: PMC9299091 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood oranges are grown increasingly in Europe for fresh consumption because of their special taste and excellent nutraceutical properties that confer the status of a functional food. The health benefits are associated with the range of additional bioactive compounds that they contain with respect to blonde oranges. RESULTS We analysed the physicochemical properties and the levels of organic acids, sugars and antioxidants in 11 blood orange cultivars representing the most representative cultivars of blood oranges widespread in the Mediterranean basin. In particular, we examined the levels of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins present in these cultivars at harvest maturity. The physicochemical, antioxidant and colour properties differ significantly among these cultivars. The deepest red peel and juice was found in Sanguinelli, followed by Tarocco Rosso and Moro. High-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector analysis revealed sucrose as the main sugar in all these cultivars, followed by fructose and glucose. Citric acid was the dominant organic acid, followed by malic acid and ascorbic acid. Moro showed the greatest levels of antioxidant activity. Regarding the phenolic composition, we found p-coumaric acid to be the main hydroxycinnamic acid in all cultivars, with maximum amounts in Moro and Sanguinelli. The highest amounts of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(6''-malonyl)-glucoside were found in Moro, for which the juice was of the deepest red colour. CONCLUSION The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the 11 cultivars was assessed. The results showed that Moro was the cultivar with the highest content of polyphenols and levels of antioxidant activity, followed by Sanguinelli. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Legua
- Plant Science and Microbiology DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityAlicanteSpain
| | - Giulia Modica
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Ignacio Porras
- Department of CitricultureInstituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA)MurciaSpain
| | - Agustín Conesa
- Plant Science and Microbiology DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityAlicanteSpain
| | - Alberto Continella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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Carmona L, Sulli M, Diretto G, Alquézar B, Alves M, Peña L. Improvement of Antioxidant Properties in Fruit from Two Blood and Blond Orange Cultivars by Postharvest Storage at Low Temperature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030547. [PMID: 35326197 PMCID: PMC8944625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable health-promoting activities of citrus fruits, all of them related to the accumulation of bioactive compounds, including vitamins and phytonutrients. Anthocyanins are characteristic flavonoids present in blood orange, which require low-temperature for their production. Storage at low-temperature of blood oranges has been proven to be a feasible postharvest strategy to increase anthocyanins in those countries with warm climates. To our knowledge, no studies comparing the effect of postharvest storage effect on phenylpropanoid accumulation in cultivars with and without anthocyanins production have been published. We have investigated the effect of postharvest cold storage in flavonoid accumulation in juice from Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck in two different oranges: Pera, a blond cultivar, and Moro, a blood one. Our findings indicate a different response to low-temperature of fruit from both cultivars at biochemical and molecular levels. Little changes were observed in Pera before and after storage, while a higher production of phenylpropanoids (3.3-fold higher) and flavonoids (1.4-fold higher), including a rise in anthocyanins from 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/L to 60.0 ± 9.4 mg/L was observed in Moro concurrent with an upregulation of the biosynthetic genes across the biosynthetic pathway. We show that postharvest storage enhances not only anthocyanins but also other flavonoids accumulation in blood oranges (but not in blond ones), further stimulating the interest in blood orange types in antioxidant-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Carmona
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
| | - Maria Sulli
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Berta Alquézar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
| | - Mónica Alves
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Modica G, Pannitteri C, Di Guardo M, La Malfa S, Gentile A, Ruberto G, Pulvirenti L, Parafati L, Continella A, Siracusa L. Influence of rootstock genotype on individual metabolic responses and antioxidant potential of blood orange cv. Tarocco Scirè. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Rootstock choice has important effects on the horticultural and pathological traits of the citrus cultivars. Thus, the scion/rootstock combination can affect tree vigour, nutrition, and stress resistance; it can also have positive influences on the fruit quality traits. Although the study of rootstock effects has been a relevant research topic in citrus for many years, the main body of such study has been conducted at the biochemical level, while little effort has been directed to the determination of the rootstock influences at the molecular level. A comparative study of three combinations of scion and rootstock shows a positive correlation between the regulation of the fruit quality-related genes and the accumulations of bioactive compounds, as well as with acid degradation. Monitoring the anthocyanin accumulation during ripening shows the scion/rootstock combination can increase anthocyanin synthesis in the fruit, as well as vitamin C accumulation and acid degradation. Our results show that the rootstock genotype can exert important influences on citrus fruit quality by affecting gene expression in the scion. New insights into the molecular interactions between scion and rootstock may help unravel the systems through which rootstocks exert their influences on the regulatory networks in the scion, so as to influence relevant agronomic traits. This information should result in an improved rootstock breeding selection and definition of scion/rootstock combinations to enhance fruit quality traits.
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Abstract
Due to climate change, we are forced to face new abiotic stress challenges like cold and heat waves that currently result from global warming. Losses due to frost and low temperatures force us to better understand the physiological, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms of response to such stress to face losses, especially in tropical and subtropical crops like citrus fruit, which are well adapted to certain weather conditions. Many of the responses to cold stress that are found are also conserved in citrus. Hence, this review also intends to show the latest work on citrus. In addition to basic research, there is a great need to employ and cultivate new citrus rootstocks to better adapt to environmental conditions.
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Physicochemical Changes, Peel Colour, and Juice Attributes of Blood Orange Cultivars Stored at Different Temperatures. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7090320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in physicochemical traits, peel colour, and juice attributes of four blood orange cultivars (‘Moro’, ‘Tarocco’, ‘Sanguinello’, and ‘Sanguine’) were evaluated during 180 days at 2 and 5 °C plus 2 days at 20 °C for shelf life. ‘Tarocco’ had the lowest weight and firmness losses at both temperatures during storage. Titratable acidity (TA) at 5 °C was higher than 2 °C, with ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Tarocco’ showing the highest and lowest TA, respectively. Juice content decreased during storage at both temperatures, although ‘Sanguinello’ had the highest juice content among the tested cultivars. Peel colour parameters including L* (lightness), b*, hue angle (h°), and chroma (C*) decreased during cold storage, while a* and citrus colour index (CCI) increased in all cultivars at both temperatures. The order for CCI was ‘Tarocco’ > ‘Moro’ > ‘Sanguinello’ > ‘Sanguine’. Overall, prolonged storage at 5 °C was considered as optimum temperature for all cultivars, although ‘Sanguinello’ cultivar had a better aptitude for the citrus juice industry.
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25
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Pera orange (Citrus sinensis) and Moro orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juices attenuate left ventricular dysfunction and oxidative stress and improve myocardial energy metabolism in acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111350. [PMID: 34265580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating several types of cancer; however, it can induce cardiotoxicity. We evaluated the influence of Pera and Moro orange juices on cardiac remodeling induced by acute administration of doxorubicin in rats. METHODS We allocated 120 male Wistar rats into six groups: control (C), Pera orange juice (PO), Moro orange juice (MO), doxorubicin (D), doxorubicin + Pera orange juice (DPO), and doxorubicin + Moro orange juice (DMO). Groups PO and DPO received Pera orange juice, MO and DMO received Moro orange juice, and C and D received water with maltodextrin (100 g/L) for 4 wk. Subsequently, groups D, DPO, and DMO received 20 mg/kg doxorubicin and C, PO, and MO received saline. Echocardiogram and euthanasia were performed 48 h after doxorubicin injection. Juice and animal-serum flavonoid identification and quantification were evaluated by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress and myocardial metabolism were evaluated by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction increased oxidative stress and pathologic changes in myocardial energy metabolism of rats treated with doxorubicin. Intake of both orange juices improved left ventricular function, decreased oxidative stress, and attenuated the myocardial energy metabolism changes. Moro orange juice had a more pronounced effect than Pera orange juice in glutathione peroxidase activity, citrate synthase, and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. CONCLUSIONS Pera and Moro orange juices attenuated cardiac remodeling induced by doxorubicin, improved myocardial energy metabolism, and attenuated oxidative stress. However, Moro orange juice was more effective than Pera orange juice in modifying energy metabolism.
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26
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Tong Y, Lyu Y, Xu S, Zhang L, Zhou J. Optimum chalcone synthase for flavonoid biosynthesis in microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:1194-1208. [PMID: 33980085 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1922350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones and the subsequently generated flavonoids, as well as flavonoid derivatives, have been proven to have a variety of physiological activities and are widely used in: the pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetic industries. As the content of chalcones and downstream products in native plants is low, the production of these compounds by microorganisms has gained the attention of many researchers and has a history of more than 20 years. The mining and engineering of chalcone synthase (CHS) could be one of the most important ways to achieve more efficient production of chalcones and downstream products in microorganisms. CHS has a broad spectrum of substrates, and its enzyme activity and expression level can significantly affect the efficiency of the biosynthesis of flavonoids. This review summarizes the recent advances in the: structure, mechanism, evolution, substrate spectrum, transformation, and expression regulation in the flavonoid biosynthesis of this vital enzyme. Future development directions were also suggested. The findings may further promote the research and development of flavonoids and health products, making them vital in the fields of human diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Tong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Habibi F, Serrano M, Zacarías L, Valero D, Guillén F. Postharvest Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Reduces Chilling Injury Symptoms and Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content and Antioxidant Activity of Blood Orange Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629733. [PMID: 33643356 PMCID: PMC7905319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Sanguinello) fruit were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (Br) at 1, 5, and 10 μM previous to storage at 5°C during 42 days. The samples were analyzed after 14, 28, and 42 days plus 2 days at 20°C. Chilling injury was reduced in Br-treated fruit based on the lower percentage of electrolyte leakage and visual symptoms of peel dehydration and browning. Treated fruit showed lower acidity losses, due to retention of the main organic acids' concentration (citric and malic acids), as well as was higher content of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), especially in those fruit treated with the highest concentration (10 μM). Total phenolics and hydrophilic total antioxidant activity (H-TAA) decreased in control fruit over storage, while Br-treated fruit showed significantly higher concentration. In addition, total anthocyanins were enhanced in Br-treated oranges, which were correlated with color Hue angle. Overall, the application of Br at 10 μM provides results increasing the storability of blood oranges and their content on bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- IATA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
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28
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Fungal Infection Induces Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Changes in DNA Methylation Configuration of Blood Orange [ Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)]. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020244. [PMID: 33513740 PMCID: PMC7910907 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of sweet orange anthocyanins is triggered by several environmental factors such as low temperature. Much less is known about the effect of biotic stress on anthocyanin production in sweet orange, although in other species anthocyanins are often indicated as “defense molecules”. In this work, citrus fruits were inoculated with Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mold, and the amount of anthocyanins and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis was monitored by RT-real time PCR after 3 and 5 days from inoculation (DPI). Moreover, the status of cytosine methylation of DFR and RUBY promoter regions was investigated by McrBC digestion followed in real-time. Our results highlight that fungal infection induces anthocyanin production by activating the expression of several genes in the biosynthetic pathway. The induction of gene expression is accompanied by maintenance of high levels of methylation at the DFR and RUBY promoters in the inoculated fruits, thus suggesting that DNA methylation is not a repressive mark of anthocyanin related gene expression in sweet orange subjected to biotic stress. Finally, by measuring the expression levels of the Citrus DNA demethylase genes, we found that none of them is up-regulated in response to fungal infection, this result being in accordance with the observed maintenance of high-level DFR and Ruby promoter regions methylation.
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29
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Wistaff EA, Beller S, Schmid A, Neville JJ, Nietner T. Chemometric analysis of amino acid profiles for detection of fruit juice adulterations - Application to verify authenticity of blood orange juice. Food Chem 2020; 343:128452. [PMID: 33139123 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, fruit juices have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure whole amino acid profiles for various fruit types. The fruit juice authentication capabilities of whole amino acid profiles employed in various multivariate analysis methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis have been investigated. PCA of the profiles exhibited a good separation of most fruit types and were validated using quality control samples. Furthermore, these profiles were considered in a blood orange juice versus blond orange juice adulteration study. Applying PLS regression allowed for the detection of ~20 percent blond orange juice adulterant added in blood orange juice. The highest regression coefficients were found for glutamic acid and valine, with regards to blood orange juice, and for phenylalanine and glycine, with regards to orange juice. These results suggest that chemometric approaches have great potential for the implementation in food testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Wistaff
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Silvia Beller
- Chemisches und Veterinaeruntersuchungsamt Sigmaringen, Fidelis-Graf-Strasse 1, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Anton Schmid
- Chemisches und Veterinaeruntersuchungsamt Sigmaringen, Fidelis-Graf-Strasse 1, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - John J Neville
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Thorben Nietner
- Chemisches und Veterinaeruntersuchungsamt Sigmaringen, Fidelis-Graf-Strasse 1, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany.
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30
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Habibi F, Ramezanian A, Guillén F, Castillo S, Serrano M, Valero D. Changes in Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Quality of Blood Orange Cultivars at Different Storage Temperatures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1016. [PMID: 33092024 PMCID: PMC7589990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the postharvest physiological behavior of blood orange cultivars can provide comprehensive insight into the best period of storage to maintain the highest fruit quality during prolonged cold storage. In this paper, changes in nutritional quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant enzymes in the juice of four blood orange cultivars ("Moro", "Tarocco", "Sanguinello", and "Sanguine") stored at 2 and 5 °C were studied. Parameters were measured after 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days, plus 2 days at 20 °C for shelf life. Sucrose was the sugar found in higher concentrations and decreased during storage in all cultivars, as did glucose and fructose. Organic acids decreased at both temperatures, with the highest content found in "Sanguinello", especially major (citric acid) and ascorbic acid. Total phenolics content (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC), and individual cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside) increased for all cultivars, with "Sanguinello" having higher concentrations. The antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also higher in "Sanguinello" and increased during storage. Overall, these results together with the sensory analysis suggested that "Sanguinello" would be the best cultivar for prolonged storage. The results of this study could be useful to select the best storage duration and temperature for each cultivar and provide the presence of such a high-value commodity for fresh consumption or juice processing long after the harvest season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran; (F.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Asghar Ramezanian
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran; (F.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvador Castillo
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
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31
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Morales J, Bermejo A, Navarro P, Forner-Giner MÁ, Salvador A. Rootstock effect on fruit quality, anthocyanins, sugars, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanones content during the harvest of blood oranges 'Moro' and 'Tarocco Rosso' grown in Spain. Food Chem 2020; 342:128305. [PMID: 33097323 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The physico-chemical quality parameters (external and internal color, firmness, acidity, total soluble solids, anthocyanins, sugars, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanones) of 'Moro' and 'Tarocco Rosso' blood oranges grafted onto eight different rootstocks at three harvest time were studied. The rootstocks were 'Carrizo', 'C-35', 'Cleopatra' mandarin, 'Citrus volkameriana', 'Citrus macrophylla', 'Swingle' citrumelo, 'Forner-Alcaide 5' and 'Forner-Alcaide 13'. All studied parameters were highly rootstock/scion-dependent and showed changes throughout harvest. The content of the main anthocyanins revealed their relation with internal fruit color in both cultivars. The rootstocks that led to fruit with the lowest anthocyanins displayed the least sucrose content. The differences detected in the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic and sinapic) and flavanones (hesperidin, narirutin and didymin) related to anthocyanins content, explained phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morales
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Almudena Bermejo
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Forner-Giner
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandra Salvador
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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32
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Carmona L, Alquézar B, Diretto G, Sevi F, Malara T, Lafuente MT, Peña L. Curing and low-temperature combined post-harvest storage enhances anthocyanin biosynthesis in blood oranges. Food Chem 2020; 342:128334. [PMID: 33077281 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are pigments present in blood oranges which can be enriched by post-harvest cold storage. Additionally, citrus fruits contain appreciable levels of other flavonoids, whose content increases under post-harvest heat treatments. Here, we investigated the effects of curing (37 °C for 3 days) and storage at low-temperature (9 °C) during 15, 30 and 45 days on accumulation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in Moro and Sanguinelli Polidori blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Cured fruits reached up to 191.4 ± 1.4 mg/L of anthocyanins in their juice after cold storage and a 3-fold enrichment of other flavonoids such as flavones and flavanones, compared to 85.7 ± 3.3 mg/L anthocyanins from fruits with cold storage alone. Concomitantly, qPCR analysis showed that curing enhanced upregulation of the main structural and transcription factor genes regulating the flavonoid pathway. GC-MS analysis showed that no unpleasant compounds were generated in the cured plus cold-stored juice volatilome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Carmona
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Berta Alquézar
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria RM, Italy
| | - Filippo Sevi
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria RM, Italy
| | - Tatiane Malara
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.
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Effect of Rootstock and Harvesting Period on the Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Two Orange Cultivars (‘Salustiana’ and ‘Sanguinelli’) Widely Used in Juice Industry. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oranges are a rich source of bioactive compounds with recognized benefits for human health. To guarantee high quality and production levels, citrus farms usually employ the combination of selected cultivars with well adapted rootstocks. This study analyzes the impact of four different citrus rootstocks (Forner-Alcaide no.5, ‘Cleopatra mandarin’, Citrus volkameriana and Carrizo citrange) on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of two orange cultivars (‘Salustiana’ and ‘Sanguinelli’) widely used in the orange juice industry. For the hydrophilic fraction, the phenolic compound, anthocyanin, and organic acid profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD-HRMS, and the antioxidant activity by ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays. Besides, the total carotenoids and ABTS concentrations were calculated for the hydrophobic fraction. A set of three flavanones, one flavone, and eight anthocyanins were tentatively identified and quantified in the orange cultivars tested. The predominant phenolic compounds obtained in both orange cultivars were hesperidin and narirutin, while cyanidin-3-O-(6″-malonyl) glucoside followed by cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins found in the ‘Sanguinelli’ cultivar. Citric acid, followed by malic, oxalic, and ascorbic acids were the main organic acids. The higher amount of antioxidant compounds was found in fruit from the Forner-Alcaide no.5 rootstock. These results indicate that Forner-Alcaide n.5 affects positively the phenolic and organic acid composition and the antioxidant capacity of ‘Sanguinelli’ and ‘Salustiana’ cultivars, and is therefore a good option for the sector based on the healthy promoting properties.
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Cai J, Zeng F, Zheng S, Huang X, Zhang J, Zhang P, Fei P. Preparation of Lipid-Soluble Bilberry Anthocyanins through Acylation with Cinnamic Acids and their Antioxidation Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7467-7473. [PMID: 32551628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To enable the use of anthocyanins in food with high oil content, bilberry anthocyanins were acylated with cinnamic acids to address their poor lipid solubility. Structural analyses based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that cinnamic acids were efficiently grafted onto 6-OH of glucoside and galactoside and 5-OH of arabinose through an esterification reaction. The higher the dose of the acylating agent, the higher the acylation degree (AD) and the lower the total anthocyanidin content (TAC) of bilberry anthocyanins. An-Ci4 presented the highest AD value (6.61%), and An-Ci3 exhibited the lowest TAC value (50.16 mg/g). After acylating with lipophilic cinnamic acids, the lipid solubility of acylated bilberry anthocyanins significantly improved. The color of the native bilberry anthocyanin solution dissolved in ethyl acetate and dioxane was transparent. By contrast, the acylated anthocyanin solution dissolved in these solvents was unmistakably red. In terms of the antioxidant activity, acylated bilberry anthocyanins demonstrated inferior performance in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) clearance but a better inhibition ratio in β-carotene bleaching assay compared with native bilberry anthocyanins. As AD value increased, the DPPH clearance of acylated anthocyanins decreased and their inhibition ratio increased in β-carotene bleaching assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China
| | - Fansen Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristics Garden Plants Resource in Fujian and Taiwan, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristics Garden Plants Resource in Fujian and Taiwan, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Huang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristics Garden Plants Resource in Fujian and Taiwan, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristics Garden Plants Resource in Fujian and Taiwan, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristics Garden Plants Resource in Fujian and Taiwan, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristics Garden Plants Resource in Fujian and Taiwan, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
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Sicilia A, Scialò E, Puglisi I, Lo Piero AR. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and DNA Methylation Dynamics in Sweet Orange Fruit [ Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)] under Cold Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7024-7031. [PMID: 32520546 PMCID: PMC8008385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The blood red color of pigmented orange fruit varieties [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)] is due to the presence of anthocyanin pigments that largely contribute to determine the high organoleptic qualities and the nutritional properties of the fruits. The content of pigments in sweet orange depends primarily on genetic factors and on environmental conditions. In particular, it has been extensively shown that cold temperature induces an increase of anthocyanin content that is achieved by the induction of the related gene expression. The purpose of our work is to understand the mechanism underlying the color variegation occurring inside the blood oranges during the cold induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis, despite the fact that the entire fruit is genotypically programmed to produce pigments. Therefore, the amount of anthocyanin and the expression of both structural and regulatory genes have been monitored in either high-pigmented (HP) or not/low pigmented (NP) segments of the same fruit during the storage at 4 °C for a total experimental period of 25 days. Our results clearly indicate that the anthocyanin content is directly correlated with the levels of gene transcription, with higher pigmented areas showing higher enhancement of gene expression. Furthermore, we analyzed the reshaping of the DNA methylation status at the promoter regions of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, such as DFR and Ruby. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that in the promoter regions of both DFR and Ruby, the amount of cytosine methylation strongly decreases along the cold storage in the HP areas, whereas it increases in the NP areas of the same fruit, probably causing a partial block of the gene transcription. Finally, by measuring the changes in the expression levels of the Citrus DNA demethylases, we found that DML1 might play a crucial role in determining the observed demethylation of DFR and Ruby promoters, with its expression induced by cold in the HP areas of the fruits. This is the first report in which different levels of gene expression implicated in anthocyanin production in blood orange fruit is correlated with an epigenetic control mechanism such as promoter methylation.
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Marchev AS, Georgiev MI. Plant In Vitro Systems as a Sustainable Source of Active Ingredients for Cosmeceutical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092006. [PMID: 32344812 PMCID: PMC7248771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are hybrids between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals which are being designed for a dual purpose: (1) To provide desired esthetical effects and (2) simultaneously treat dermatological conditions. The increased demand for natural remedies and the trends to use natural and safe ingredients resulted in intensive cultivation of medicinal plants. However, in many cases the whole process of plant cultivation, complex extraction procedure, and purification of the targeted molecules are not economically feasible. Therefore, the desired production of natural cosmetic products in sustainable and controllable fashion in the last years led to the intensive utilization of plant cell culture technology. The present review aims to highlight examples of biosynthesis of active ingredients derived through plant in vitro systems with potential cosmeceutical application. The exploitation of different type of extracts used in a possible cosmeceutical formulation, as well as, their activity tested in in vitro/in vivo models is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, opportunities to manipulate the biosynthetic pathway, hence engineering the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, have been highlighted.
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Blood oranges maintain bioactive compounds and nutritional quality by postharvest treatments with γ-aminobutyric acid, methyl jasmonate or methyl salicylate during cold storage. Food Chem 2020; 306:125634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Han F, Xiao Y, Lee IS. Microbial Transformation of Prenylquercetins by Mucor hiemalis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030528. [PMID: 31991807 PMCID: PMC7037548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, one of the most widely distributed flavonoids, has been found to show various biological activities including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been reported that bioactivity enhancement of flavonoids has often been closely associated with nuclear prenylation, as shown in 8-prenylquercetin and 5'-prenylquercetin. It has also been revealed in many studies that the biological activities of flavonoids could be improved after glucosylation. Three prenylated quercetins were prepared in this study, and microbial transformation was carried out in order to identify derivatives of prenylquercetins with increased water solubility and improved bioavailability. The fungus M. hiemalis was proved to be capable of converting prenylquercetins into more polar metabolites and was selected for preparative fermentation. Six novel glucosylated metabolites were obtained and their chemical structures were elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. All the microbial metabolites showed improvement in water solubility.
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Kou P, Kang YF, Wang LT, Niu LJ, Xiao Y, Guo N, Cui Q, Li YY, Fu YJ. An integrated strategy for production of four anthocyanin compounds from Ribes nigrum L. by deep eutectic solvents and flash chromatography. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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The impact of medium composition and photosynthetically active radiation level on the initial in vitro growth and production of flavonoids of Vernonia condensata Baker. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Pigments and vitamins from plants as functional ingredients: Current trends and perspectives. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:259-303. [PMID: 31445597 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The food manufacturing industry has increasingly focused in the development of wholesome and safer products, including certified labeled "super foods," "healthy foods" and "functional foods," which are currently under great demand worldwide. Plant pigments and vitamins are amidst the most common additives incorporated to foodstuff, not only for improving their nutritional status but also for coloration, preservation, and even therapeutic purposes. The recovery of pigments from agro industrial wastes using green emerging approaches is a current trend and clearly the best alternative to ensure their sustainable obtainment and make these ingredients more popular, although still full of challenging aspects. Stability and bioavailability limitations of these active molecules in food matrices have been increasingly studied, and a number of methods have been proposed to minimize these issues, among which the incorporation of a co-pigment, exclusion of O2 during processing and storage, and above all, microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation techniques. The most recent advances and challenges in the application of natural pigments and vitamins in functional foods, considering only reports of the last 5 years, were the focus of this chapter.
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42
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Kou M, Liu YJ, Li ZY, Zhang YG, Tang W, Yan H, Wang X, Chen XG, Su ZX, Arisha MH, Li Q, Ma DF. A novel glutathione S-transferase gene from sweetpotato, IbGSTF4, is involved in anthocyanin sequestration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:395-403. [PMID: 30634134 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are synthesized by multi-enzyme complexes localized at the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (synthesis site), and transported to the destination site, the vacuole. Three mechanisms for the vacuolar accumulation of anthocyanin in plant species have been proposed. Previous studies have indicated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from model and ornamental plants are involved in anthocyanin transportation. In the present study, an anthocyanin-related GST, IbGSTF4, was identified and characterized based on transcriptome results. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that IbGSTF4 was most closely correlated to PhAN9 and CkmGST3, the anthocyanin-related GST of Petunia hybrida and Cyclamen. Furthermore, the expression analysis revealed that IbGSTF4 is strongly expressed in pigmented tissues, when compared to green organs, which is in agreement to the ability to correlate with anthocyanin accumulation. A GST activity assay uncovered that the IbGST4 protein owned similar activities with the GST family. Furthermore, the molecular functional complementation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant tt19 demonstrated that IbGSTF4 might play a vital role in the vacuole sequestration of anthocyanin in sweetpotato. Moreover, the dual luciferase assay revealed that the LUC driven by the promoter of IbGSTF4 could not be directly activated by IbMYB1, suggesting that the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation and sequestration in sweetpotato was intricate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kou
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Ya-Ju Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Zong-Yun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Yun-Gang Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | - Zai-Xing Su
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China
| | | | - Qiang Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China.
| | - Dai-Fu Ma
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China.
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43
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Zhao C, Wang F, Lian Y, Xiao H, Zheng J. Biosynthesis of citrus flavonoids and their health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:566-583. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1544885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Lian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Carmona L, Alquézar B, Tárraga S, Peña L. Protein analysis of moro blood orange pulp during storage at low temperatures. Food Chem 2018; 277:75-83. [PMID: 30502212 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A protein analysis in the pulp of Moro blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) at the onset and after 30 days of storage at either 4 or 9 °C was performed. All differential proteins belonged to different functional classes (sugar, amino acid and secondary metabolism, defense, stress response, oxidative process, transport and cellular component biogenesis), displaying a differential accumulation in those Moro oranges kept at 9 versus 4 °C, and in those stored at 4 °C versus onset. Anthocyanin biosynthesis structural proteins chalcone synthases and flavonone 3-hydroxylase and different glutathione S-transferases related with their vacuolar transport were up-accumulated in fruits kept at 9 versus 4 °C and versus the onset. Proteins related with defense and oxidative stress displayed a similar pattern, concomitant with a higher anthocyanin content, denoting a possible role of defense and other stress response pathways in anthocyanin production/accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carmona
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - B Alquézar
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Tárraga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain.
| | - L Peña
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu Y, Zhou B, Qi Y, Liu C, Liu Z, Ren X. Biochemical and functional characterization of AcUFGT3a, a galactosyltransferase involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:409-426. [PMID: 29057484 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Much of the diversity of anthocyanin pigmentation in plant tissues is due to the action of glycosyltransferases, which attach sugar moieties to the anthocyanin aglycone. This step can increase both their solubility and stability. We investigated the pigmentation of the outer and inner pericarps of developing fruits of the red-fleshed kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis cv. 'Hongyang'. The results show that the red color of the inner pericarp is due to anthocyanin. Based on expression analyses of structural genes, AcUFGT was shown to be the key gene involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Expression of AcUFGT in developing fruit paralleled changes in anthocyanin concentration. Thirteen putative UFGT genes, including different transcripts, were identified in the genome of 'Hongyang'. Among these, only the expression of AcUFGT3a was found to be highly consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. Fruit infiltrated with virus-induced gene silencing showed delayed red colorations, lower anthocyanin contents and lower expressions of AcUFGT3a. At the same time, transient overexpression of AcUFGT3a in both Actinidia arguta and green apple fruit resulted in higher anthocyanin contents and deeper red coloration. In vitro biochemical assays revealed that recombinant AcUFGT3a recognized only anthocyanidins as substrate but not flavonols. Also, UDP-galactose was used preferentially as the sugar donor. These results indicate AcUFGT3a is the key enzyme regulating anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingwei Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhande Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang JR, Tolchard J, Bathany K, Langlois d'Estaintot B, Chaudiere J. Production of 3,4-cis- and 3,4-trans-Leucocyanidin and Their Distinct MS/MS Fragmentation Patterns. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:351-358. [PMID: 29231723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
(+)-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-Leucocyanidin was produced by acidic epimerization of (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-trans-leucocyanidin synthesized by reduction of (+)-dihydroquercetin with NaBH4, and structures of the two stereoisomers purified by C18- and phenyl-reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. We confirm that only 3,4-cis-leucocyanidin is used by leucoanthocyanidin reductase as substrate. The two stereoisomers are quite stable in aqueous solution at -20 °C. Characterization of the two stereoisomers was also performed using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), and we discuss here for the first time the corresponding MS/MS fragmentation pathways, which are clearly distinct. The main difference is that of the mode of dehydration of the 3,4-diol in positive ionization mode, which involves a loss of hydroxyl group at either C3 or C4 for the 3,4-cis isomer but only at C3 for the 3,4-trans isomer. Tandem mass spectrometry therefore proves useful as a complementary methodology to NMR to identify each of the two stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Zhang
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN, UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux , 33 608 Pessac, France
| | - James Tolchard
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN, UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux , 33 608 Pessac, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN, UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux , 33 608 Pessac, France
| | | | - Jean Chaudiere
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN, UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux , 33 608 Pessac, France
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Achary VMM, Ram B, Manna M, Datta D, Bhatt A, Reddy MK, Agrawal PK. Phosphite: a novel P fertilizer for weed management and pathogen control. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1493-1508. [PMID: 28776914 PMCID: PMC5698055 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The availability of orthophosphate (Pi) is a key determinant of crop productivity because its accessibility to plants is poor due to its conversion to unavailable forms. Weed's competition for this essential macronutrient further reduces its bio-availability. To compensate for the low Pi use efficiency and address the weed hazard, excess Pi fertilizers and herbicides are routinely applied, resulting in increased production costs, soil degradation and eutrophication. These outcomes necessitate the identification of a suitable alternate technology that can address the problems associated with the overuse of Pi-based fertilizers and herbicides in agriculture. The present review focuses on phosphite (Phi) as a novel molecule for its utility as a fertilizer, herbicide, biostimulant and biocide in modern agriculture. The use of Phi-based fertilization will help to reduce the consumption of Pi fertilizers and facilitate weed and pathogen control using the same molecule, thereby providing significant advantages over current orthophosphate-based fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mohan M. Achary
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babu Ram
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
- Department of BiotechnologyGovind Ballabh Pant Engineering CollegeGhurdauri, Pauri GarhwalUttarakhandIndia
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Dipanwita Datta
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Arun Bhatt
- Department of BiotechnologyGovind Ballabh Pant Engineering CollegeGhurdauri, Pauri GarhwalUttarakhandIndia
| | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Pawan K. Agrawal
- National Agricultural Science FundIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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Wang S, Yang C, Tu H, Zhou J, Liu X, Cheng Y, Luo J, Deng X, Zhang H, Xu J. Characterization and Metabolic Diversity of Flavonoids in Citrus Species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10549. [PMID: 28874745 PMCID: PMC5585201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants and play important roles in many biological processes. Citrus fruits are rich dietary sources of flavonoids. However, there have been very few reports about the comprehensive metabolic profile and natural diversity of flavonoids in different tissues of various Citrus cultivars. In this study, based on the 7416 metabolic signals detected with non-targeted metabolomics approach, Principal Component Analysis revealed the flavedo has the largest differences from other tissues in metabolite levels; as many as 198 flavonoid signals were then detected in 62 Citrus germplasms from 5 species mainly cultivated worldwide, while 117 flavonoids were identified, including 39 polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), 7 flavones, 10 C-O-glycosylflavonoids, 44 O-glycosylflavonoids, 10 C-glycosylflavonoids and 7 newly annotated O-glycosylpolymethoxylated flavonoids. Tissue-specific accumulations were observed: O-glycosylated flavonoids were abundant in all fruit tissues, while PMFs were accumulated preferentially in the flavedo. Among different species, mandarins had the highest levels of PMFs and O-glycosylpolymethoxylated flavonoids, followed by sweet oranges. Based on the flavonoid profiles, 62 germplasms could be clearly grouped into five distinct clusters via hierarchical clustering analysis, which were perfectly matched with their species, with sweet oranges and mandarins clustering closely and being further away from other three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Influence of postharvest treatments on qualitative and chemical parameters of Tarocco blood orange fruits to be used for fresh chilled juice. Food Chem 2017; 230:441-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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50
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Expression of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in white and red fruits of Fragaria pentaphylla and genetic variation in the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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