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de Beer D, Beelders T, Human C, Joubert E. Assessment of the stability of compounds belonging to neglected phenolic classes and flavonoid sub-classes using reaction kinetic modeling. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11802-11829. [PMID: 35833472 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are known to degrade and/or undergo changes during food production and storage. Reaction kinetic modeling is generally used to define kinetic parameters of a food system and predict changes during thermal processing and storage. Data for phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, have been reviewed in detail, but the flavonoid sub-classes, dihydrochalcones and flavanones, have been mostly neglected. Other neglected phenolic classes are xanthones and benzophenones. The stability of these types of compounds is important as they are present in fruits and exposed to heat when processed into juice and jam. Other sources of the compounds are herbal teas, which are also subjected to thermal processing, either during the primary processing of the plant material, or the production of extracts for use as food ingredients. The theoretical background is given to understand the review of literature on these classes/sub-classes. Results of research on kinetic modeling are discussed in detail, while research on compound stability without the application of reaction kinetic modeling is briefly mentioned to provide context. The studies discussed included those focusing on heating during the processing and storage of model solutions, liquid foods, plant material, dried extracts, and extracts formulated with other food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theresa Beelders
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Chantelle Human
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Anti-Allergic and Antioxidant Potential of Polyphenol-Enriched Fractions from Cyclopia subternata (Honeybush) Produced by a Scalable Process. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-allergic activity was previously demonstrated for extracts of Cyclopia subternata Vogel plant material, containing substantial amounts of xanthones, benzophenones, dihydrochalcones, flavanones and flavones. Fractionation of a hot water extract on macroporous resin was performed aiming to increase its potency. Operating conditions for scaled-up fractionation of the extract were determined, using small-scale static and dynamic sorption/desorption experiments. The anti-allergic potential of the fractions was assessed based on inhibition of β-hexosaminidase release from IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Given the role of oxidative stress in allergic reactions, the extract and fractions were also tested for their ability to scavenge the superoxide anion radical and inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme involved in its generation. The routine DPPH and ORAC assays were used for determination of the antioxidant capacity of the fractions. 3-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (IDG) had the lowest affinity for the resin, dictating selection of the optimal separation conditions. The extract was separated into four fractions on XAD1180N, using step-wise gradient elution with EtOH-water solutions. The major phenolic compounds present in the fractions were IDG and 3-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (fraction 1), mangiferin, isomangiferin, 3′,5′-di-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxyphloretin and vicenin-2 (fraction 2), 3′,5′-di-β-D-glucopyranosylphloretin, eriocitrin and scolymoside (fraction 3) and hesperidin and p-coumaric acid (fraction 4). Fractionation was only partially effective in increasing activity compared to the extract, i.e., fractions 2, 3 and 4 in the DPPH• and XO assays, fractions 1 and 2 in the ORAC assay and fraction 1 in the β-hexosaminidase release assay. In vivo testing will be required to determine whether the increased activity of fractions is worth the effort and expense of fractionation.
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Mabizela GS, du Preez BVP, Human C, Muller M, de Beer D, van der Rijst M, Slabbert MM, Bester C, Joubert E. A balancing act – Optimising harvest season of Cyclopia genistoides (honeybush tea) for enhanced phenolic content and acceptable sensory profile. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miller N, Petrus A, Moelich EI, Muller M, de Beer D, van der Rijst M, Joubert E. Heat treatment improves the sensory properties of the ultrafiltration by-product of honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extract. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1047-1055. [PMID: 34312869 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrafiltration of green honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extract results in a by-product (retentate). Application of further separation processes for recovery of polyphenols would entail creation of additional waste. Repurposing the retentate as a food flavour ingredient provides an alternative valorization approach. RESULTS The retentate, suspended in water (270 g L-1 ), was heat-treated at 80 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 16 h, and at 90 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h to change its sensory profile. The heat-treated retentate, diluted to beverage strength (2.15 g L-1 ), had prominent 'grape/Muscat-like' and 'marmalade/citrus' aroma and flavour notes. Overall, heating for ≤ 4 h increased the intensities of positive flavour and aroma notes, while reducing those of 'green/grass', 'hay' and bitterness, whereafter further heating only had a slight effect on the aroma profile at 80 °C (P < 0.05), but not at 90 °C (P ≥ 0.05). The heat treatments, 80 °C/4 h and 90 °C/4 h, were subsequently applied to different batches of retentate (n = 10) to accommodate the effect of natural product variation. Heating at 90 °C produced higher intensities of positive aroma attributes (P < 0.05), but was more detrimental to the phenolic stability, compared to 80 °C. CONCLUSION After heat treatment, the phenolic content of C. genistoides retentate, reconstituted to beverage strength, still fell within the range of a typical 'fermented' (oxidized) honeybush leaf tea infusion. The change in phenolic composition will not diminish the benefit of an improved sensory profile for the retentate by-product through heating. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Miller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Alicia Petrus
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Magdalena Muller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marieta van der Rijst
- Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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de Beer D, du Preez B, Joubert E. Development of HPLC method for quantification of phenolic compounds in Cyclopia intermedia (honeybush) herbal tea infusions. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shelf-Life Stability of Ready-to-Use Green Rooibos Iced Tea Powder-Assessment of Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175260. [PMID: 34500693 PMCID: PMC8433966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green rooibos extract (GRE), shown to improve hyperglycemia and HDL/LDL blood cholesterol, has potential as a nutraceutical beverage ingredient. The main bioactive compound of the extract is aspalathin, a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone. The study aimed to determine the effect of common iced tea ingredients (citric acid, ascorbic acid, and xylitol) on the stability of GRE, microencapsulated with inulin for production of a powdered beverage. The stability of the powder mixtures stored in semi-permeable (5 months) and impermeable (12 months) single-serve packaging at 30 °C and 40 °C/65% relative humidity was assessed. More pronounced clumping and darkening of the powders, in combination with higher first order reaction rate constants for dihydrochalcone degradation, indicated the negative effect of higher storage temperature and an increase in moisture content when stored in the semi-permeable packaging. These changes were further increased by the addition of crystalline ingredients, especially citric acid monohydrate. The sensory profile of the powders (reconstituted to beverage strength iced tea solutions) changed with storage from a predominant green-vegetal aroma to a fruity-sweet aroma, especially when stored at 40 °C/65% RH in the semi-permeable packaging. The change in the sensory profile of the powder mixtures could be attributed to a decrease in volatile compounds such as 2-hexenal, (Z)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-decenal associated with "green-like" aromas, rather than an increase in fruity and sweet aroma-impact compounds. Green rooibos extract powders would require storage at temperatures ≤ 30 °C and protection against moisture uptake to be chemically and physically shelf-stable and maintain their sensory profiles.
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Miller N, Malherbe CJ, Gerber W, Hamman JH, van der Rijst M, Aucamp M, Joubert E. Physicochemical Stability of Enriched Phenolic Fractions of Cyclopia genistoides and ex vivo Bi-directional Permeability of Major Xanthones and Benzophenones. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:325-335. [PMID: 33142345 DOI: 10.1055/a-1265-1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fractions of an ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, respectively enriched in xanthones and benzophenones, were previously shown to inhibit mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The present study investigated ex vivo intestinal transport of these fractions, using excised porcine jejunal tissue, to determine whether the gut could be a predominant in vivo site of action. The major bioactive compounds, the xanthones (mangiferin, isomangiferin) and benzophenones (3-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone, 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone) exhibited poor permeation in the absorptive direction with a relatively high efflux ratio (efflux ratio > 1). The efflux ratio of 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (3.05) was similar to rhodamine 123 (2.99), a known substrate of intestinal P-glycoprotein 1 efflux transporters. Low epithelial membrane transport rates, coupled with efflux mechanisms, would effectively concentrate these bioactive compounds at the target site (gut lumen). Storage stability testing and moisture sorption assays of the xanthone-enriched fraction, benzophenone-enriched fraction, and ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract were performed to determine their susceptibility to physical and chemical degradation during storage. Hygroscopicity of the powders, indicated by moisture uptake, decreased in the order: benzophenone-enriched fraction (22.7%) > ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract (14.0%) > xanthone-enriched fraction (10.7%). 3-β-D-Glucopyranosylmaclurin, a minor benzophenone, was the least stable of the compounds, degrading faster in the benzophenone-enriched fraction than in ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, suggesting that the ultrafiltered extract matrix may provide a degree of protection against chemical degradation. Compound degradation during 12 wk of storage at 40 °C in moisture-impermeable containers was best explained by first order reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Miller
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Johannes Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Werner Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Marique Aucamp
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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High-temperature oxidation reduces the bitterness of honeybush infusions depending on changes in phenolic composition. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Human C, Danton O, De Beer D, Maruyama T, Alexander L, Malherbe C, Hamburger M, Joubert E. Identification of a novel di-C-glycosyl dihydrochalcone and the thermal stability of polyphenols in model ready-to-drink beverage solutions with Cyclopia subternata extract as functional ingredient. Food Chem 2021; 351:129273. [PMID: 33662907 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat processing of ready-to-drink beverages is required to ensure a microbiologically safe product, however, this can result in the loss of bioactive compounds responsible for functionality. The objective of this study was to establish the thermal stability of a novel dihydrochalcone, 3',5'-di-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxyphloretin (2), 3',5'-di-β-d-glucopyranosylphloretin (3) and other Cyclopia subternata phenolic compounds, in model solutions with or without citric acid and ascorbic acid. The solutions were heated at 93, 121 and 135 °C, relevant to pasteurisation, commercial sterilisation and ultra-high temperature (UHT) pasteurisation, respectively. For most compounds, the acids decreased the second order reaction rate constants, up to 27 times. Compound 2 (46.29 ± 0.53 (g/100 g)-1 h-1), and to a lesser extent compound 3 (5.94 ± 0.01 (g/100 g)-1 h-1) were the most thermo-unstable compounds when treated at 135 °C without added acids. Even though differential effects were observed for compounds at different temperatures and formulations, overall, the phenolic compounds were most stable under UHT pasteurisation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Human
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Ombeline Danton
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dalene De Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7600, South Africa
| | - Takuma Maruyama
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lara Alexander
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7600, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7600, South Africa.
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Chen Y, Xue J, Luo Y. Encapsulation of Phloretin in a Ternary Nanocomplex Prepared with Phytoglycogen-Caseinate-Pectin via Electrostatic Interactions and Chemical Cross-Linking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13221-13230. [PMID: 32255614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we chemically modified a phytoglycogen structure to introduce negative surface charge via carboxymethylation (CMPG) and then prepared CMPG-based ternary nanocomplex particles through electrostatic interactions with sodium caseinate (core) and chemical cross-linking with pectin (shell). The chemical cross-linking process by glutaradehyde was systematically optimized under various temperatures and durations. The cross-linked ternary nanocomplex was comprehensively characterized, and our results showed that it had a size of 86 nm with a spherical shape, smooth surface, homogeneous distribution, and negative surface charge. The chemical cross-linking process significantly improved colloidal stability of the nanocomplex under simulated gastrointestinal fluids with digestive enzymes. The as-prepared nanocomplex exhibited exceptional capability to encapsulate phloretin, a natural dihydrochalcone, as a model lipophilic bioactive compound. The nanocomplex not only showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phloretin under simulated gastrointestinal fluids but also dramatically enhanced its antioxidant activity under an aqueous environment compared to pure phloretin dissolved in ethanol. Findings from this work revealed the promising features of the as-prepared ternary nanocomplex as a potential oral delivery system for lipophilic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jingyi Xue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Wongwad E, Ingkaninan K, Wisuitiprot W, Sritularak B, Waranuch N. Thermal Degradation Kinetics and pH-Rate Profiles of Iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-d-diglucoside, Iriflophenone 3-C-β-d-Glucoside and Mangiferin in Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214898. [PMID: 33113908 PMCID: PMC7660223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of the Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte leaf extract (AE) make it very useful as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. Iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-d-diglucoside (1), iriflophenone 3-C-β-d-glucoside (2) and mangiferin (3) are bioactive compounds of AE. We assessed the stability of AE by investigating the thermal degradation kinetics and shelf-life (t90%) of compounds 1, 2 and 3 using Arrhenius plot models and studied their pH-rate profiles. The results demonstrate that 1 and 2 were degraded, following a first-order kinetic reaction. The degradation of 3 followed first-order reaction kinetics when present in a solution and second-order reaction kinetics in the dried powder form of the extract. According to the first-order kinetic model, the predicted shelf-life (t90%) of the extract at 25 °C in dried form for compound 1 was 989 days with activation energy 129.86 kJ·mol−1, and for 2 it was 248 days with activation energy 110.57 kJ·mol−1, while in the extract solution, the predicted shelf-life of compounds 1–3 was 189, 13 and 75 days with activation energies 86.83, 51.49 and 65.28 kJ·mol−1, respectively. In addition, the pH-rate profiles of 1–3 indicated that they were stable in neutral to acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkaluk Wongwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Centre of Excellence in Research for Cannabis and Hemp, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (N.W.)
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand;
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (N.W.)
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Enhanced production of Th1- and Th2-type antibodies and induction of regulatory T cells in mice by oral administration of Cyclopia extracts with similar phenolic composition to honeybush herbal tea. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Alexander L, de Beer D, Muller M, van der Rijst M, Joubert E. Potential of benzophenones and flavanones to modulate the bitter intensity of Cyclopia genistoides herbal tea. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108519. [PMID: 31554050 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Variation in the bitter taste of Cyclopia genistoides (honeybush) herbal tea and reported modulation between its major xanthones, mangiferin and isomangiferin, prompted further investigation into the potential modulatory effects of honeybush phenolics. Combinations of crude benzophenone (BF)-, xanthone (XF)-, and flavanone (FF)-rich fractions and their major individual phenolic compounds were analysed by descriptive sensory analysis. The fractions were prepared from a bitter, hot water extract of green C. genistoides. Fraction BF, which is below the bitter threshold (intensity 10 on 100-point scale), enhanced the bitter intensity of XF and FF slightly (p < 0.05), although none of the major individual benzophenones retained this bitter enhancing effect. On the contrary, 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-β-d-glucopyranosyloxyiriflophenone, the major benzophenone in BF, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the bitter taste of XF, at a low concentration, whereas FF suppressed the bitter intensity of XF and mangiferin, the major xanthone present in XF. Hesperidin, however, had no effect on the bitter intensity of XF. In contrast, (2S)-5-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy]-naringenin, the major compound of FF, significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the bitter taste of XF when added at concentrations comparable to that of 'fermented' honeybush tea infusions. The concentration-dependence of these bitter taste interactions may be responsible for the variable bitter intensity of C. genistoides herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Alexander
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Magdalena Muller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Marieta van der Rijst
- Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Miller N, Bosman SC, Malherbe CJ, De Beer D, Joubert E. Membrane selection and optimisation of tangential flow ultrafiltration of Cyclopia genistoides extract for benzophenone and xanthone enrichment. Food Chem 2019; 292:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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De Beer D, Tobin J, Walczak B, Van Der Rijst M, Joubert E. Phenolic composition of rooibos changes during simulated fermentation: Effect of endogenous enzymes and fermentation temperature on reaction kinetics. Food Res Int 2019; 121:185-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Genotypic variation in phenolic composition of Cyclopia pubescens (honeybush tea) seedling plants. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Bitter profiling of phenolic fractions of green Cyclopia genistoides herbal tea. Food Chem 2019; 276:626-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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de Beer D, Pauck CE, Aucamp M, Liebenberg W, Stieger N, van der Rijst M, Joubert E. Phenolic and physicochemical stability of a functional beverage powder mixture during storage: effect of the microencapsulant inulin and food ingredients. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2925-2934. [PMID: 29168179 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for a convenience herbal iced tea product with reduced kilojoules merited investigation of the shelf-life of powder mixtures containing a green Cyclopia subternata Vogel (honeybush) extract with proven blood glucose-lowering activity and alternative sweetener mixture. RESULTS Prior to long-term storage testing, the wettability of powder mixtures containing food ingredients and the compatibility of their components were confirmed using the static sessile drop method and isothermal microcalorimetry, respectively. The powders packed in semi-sealed containers remained stable during storage at 25 °C/60% relative humidity (RH) for 6 months, except for small losses of specific phenolic compounds, namely mangiferin, isomangiferin, 3-β-d-glucopyranosyliriflophenone, vicenin-2 and 3',5'-di-β-d-glucopyranosylphloretin, especially when both citric acid and ascorbic acid were present. These acids drastically increased the degradation of phenolic compounds under accelerated storage conditions (40 °C/75% RH). Accelerated storage also caused changes in the appearance of powders and the colour of the reconstituted beverage solutions. Increased moisture content and aw of the powders, as well as moisture released due to dehydration of citric acid monohydrate, contributed to these changes. CONCLUSION A low-kilojoule honeybush iced tea powder mixture will retain its functional phenolic compounds and physicochemical properties during shelf-life storage at 25 °C for 6 months. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Claire E Pauck
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marique Aucamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wilna Liebenberg
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nicole Stieger
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marieta van der Rijst
- Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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19
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de Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ, Sáyago Ayerdí S, Blancas Benítez FJ, Domínguez Avila JA, González-Aguilar GA. Effects of two different drying methods (freeze-drying and hot air-drying) on the phenolic and carotenoid profile of ‘Ataulfo’ mango by-products. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Modeling of thermal degradation kinetics of the C -glucosyl xanthone mangiferin in an aqueous model solution as a function of pH and temperature and protective effect of honeybush extract matrix. Food Res Int 2018; 103:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Beelders T, de Beer D, Ferreira D, Kidd M, Joubert E. Thermal stability of the functional ingredients, glucosylated benzophenones and xanthones of honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides), in an aqueous model solution. Food Chem 2017; 233:412-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Alexander L, de Beer D, Muller M, van der Rijst M, Joubert E. Modifying the sensory profile of green honeybush ( Cyclopia maculata ) herbal tea through steam treatment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Dual/multitargeted xanthone derivatives for Alzheimer's disease: where do we stand? Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1611-1630. [PMID: 28832188 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the current therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is only symptomatic, being its efficacy limited. Hence, the recent research has been focused in the development of different pharmacological approaches. Here we discuss the potential of xanthone derivatives as new anti-Alzheimer agents. The interference of xanthone derivatives with acetylcholinesterase and other molecular targets and cellular mechanisms associated with AD have been recently systematically reported. Therefore, we report xanthones with anticholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and amyloid β aggregation inhibitory activities as well as antioxidant properties, emphasizing xanthone derivatives with dual/multitarget activity as potential agents to treat AD. We also propose the structural features for these activities that may guide the design of new, more effective xanthone derivatives. [Formula: see text].
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Henc I, Kokotkiewicz A, Łuczkiewicz P, Bryl E, Łuczkiewicz M, Witkowski JM. Naturally occurring xanthone and benzophenone derivatives exert significant anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in vitro on synovial fibroblasts and macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:148-154. [PMID: 28587985 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for novel, safer and cheaper drugs for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), better targeted against the cellular processes involved in the disease pathogenesis. Using advanced analysis of microscopic images and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that naturally occurring xanthone and benzophenone derivatives exert strong, dose- and O2 concentration-dependent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on RA patients' fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and macrophages. Suspensions containing fibroblasts, macrophages and other infiltrating cells were obtained from inflamed synovial tissue collected from female RA patients. Cells were grown in the presence of xanthone (mangiferin, isomangiferin, neomangiferin, norathyriol) or benzophenone (iriflophenone 3-C-glucoside, maclurin) derivatives for 48h or 7days, at 5% or 21% O2. Proportions of macrophages, FLS and infiltrating T cells undergoing apoptosis (annexin- or annexin and 7-AAD-positive) were determined by flow cytometry. The extent of late apoptosis (DNA degradation) was assessed by fluorescent microscopy and image analysis in cultures where DNA was stained with Hoechst 33342. Majority of tested compounds exert anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, O2-dependent effects on T cells, FLS and macrophages. The results indicate that xanthone- and benzophenone-rich plant products provide a basis for the development of dietary strategy for rheumatoid arthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Łuczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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25
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Sun F, Liu Z, Yang B, Xia P. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of isomangiferin in rat plasma with application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2890-5. [PMID: 27257129 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was firstly developed for the measurement of isomangiferin in rat plasma. Chloramphenicol was selected as the internal standard. Sample preparation was carried out through a simple one-step protein precipitation procedure with methanol. Negative electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode with transitions of m/z 421.1/301.1 for isomangiferin, and 321.1/151.9 for chloramphenicol. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1-600 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification at 0.1 ng/mL. The intra- and interday precisions (relative standard deviation) were no more than 8.2% and accuracies (relative error) were within the range of -8.4 to 2.2%. The recovery, matrix effect and stability under different conditions were all proved acceptable. The validated method has been successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of isomangiferin in rats for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Wan BK, Siow LF. Spray Dried Xanthone: Physicochemical Properties, Storage Stability and Controlled Release. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon-Keng Wan
- School of Science; Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan; Bandar Sunway Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lee-Fong Siow
- School of Science; Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan; Bandar Sunway Selangor 47500 Malaysia
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