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Yan CX, Zhang Y, Yang WQ, Ma W, Sun XM, Huang H. Universal and unique strategies for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in industrial oleaginous microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108298. [PMID: 38048920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), are beneficial for reducing blood cholesterol and enhancing memory. Traditional PUFA production relies on extraction from plants and animals, which is unsustainable. Thus, using microorganisms as lipid-producing factories holds promise as an alternative way for PUFA production. Several oleaginous microorganisms have been successfully industrialized to date. These can be divided into universal and specialized hosts according to the products range of biosynthesis. The Yarrowia lipolytica is universal oleaginous host that has been engineered to produce a variety of fatty acids, such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), EPA, ARA and so on. By contrast, the specialized host are used to produce only certain fatty acids, such as ARA in Mortierella alpina, EPA in Nannochloropsis, and DHA in Thraustochytrids. The metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies for improving PUFA production in universal and specialized hosts are different, which is the subject of this review. In addition, the widely applicable strategies for microbial lipid production that are not specific to individual hosts were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li YW, Guo Q, Peng QQ, Shen Q, Nie ZK, Ye C, Shi TQ. Recent Development of Advanced Biotechnology in the Oleaginous Fungi for Arachidonic Acid Production. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3163-3173. [PMID: 36221956 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is an essential ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which plays a significant role in cardiovascular health and neurological development, leading to its wide use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, ARA is obtained from deep-sea fish oil. However, this source is limited by season and is depleting the already threatened global fish stocks. With the rapid development of synthetic biology in recent years, oleaginous fungi have gradually attracted increasing attention as promising microbial sources for large-scale ARA production. Numerous advanced technologies including metabolic engineering, dynamic regulation of fermentation conditions, and multiomics analysis were successfully adapted to increase ARA synthesis. This review summarizes recent advances in the bioengineering of oleaginous fungi for ARA production. Finally, perspectives for future engineering approaches are proposed to further improve the titer yield and productivity of ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Peng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Kui Nie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., Ltd, Salt & Chemical Industry, Xingan, Jiangxi 331399, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu F, Wu R, Ma X, Su E. The Advancements and Prospects of Nervonic Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12772-12783. [PMID: 36166330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) and has been identified with critical biological functions in medical and health care for brain development and injury repair. Yet, the approaches to producing NA from the sources of plants or animals continue to pose challenges to meet increasing market demand, as they are generally associated with high costs, a lack of natural resources, a long life cycle, and low production efficiency. The recent technological advance in metabolic engineering allows us to precisely engineer oleaginous microbes to develop high-content NA-producing strains, which has the potential to provide a possible solution to produce NA on a commercial fermentation scale. In this Review, the biosynthetic pathway, natural sources, and metabolic engineering of NA are summarized. The strategies of metabolic engineering that could be adopted to modify oleaginous yeast to produce NA are discussed in detail, providing the prospecting views for the microbial cells producing NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Liu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Zhuang XY, Zhang YH, Xiao AF, Zhang AH, Fang BS. Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:851402. [PMID: 35284441 PMCID: PMC8905437 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.851402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary bioactive lipids, one of the three primary nutrients, is not only essential for growth and provides nutrients and energy for life's activities but can also help to guard against disease, such as Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases, which further strengthen the immune system and maintain many body functions. Many microorganisms, such as yeast, algae, and marine fungi, have been widely developed for dietary bioactive lipids production. These biosynthetic processes were not limited by the climate and ground, which are also responsible for superiority of shorter periods and high conversion rate. However, the production process was also exposed to the challenges of low stability, concentration, and productivity, which was derived from the limited knowledge about the critical enzyme in the metabolic pathway. Fortunately, the development of enzymatic research methods provides powerful tools to understand the catalytic process, including site-specific mutagenesis, protein dynamic simulation, and metabolic engineering technology. Thus, we review the characteristics of critical desaturase and elongase involved in the fatty acids' synthesis metabolic pathway, which aims to not only provide extensive data for enzyme rational design and modification but also provides a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the dietary bioactive lipids' synthetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhuang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - An-Feng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ai-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Ai-Hui Zhang
| | - Bai-Shan Fang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Li Z, Meng T, Hang W, Cao X, Ni H, Shi Y, Li Q, Xiong Y, He N. Regulation of glucose and glycerol for production of docosahexaenoic acid in Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 with metabolomics analysis. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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7
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Phytohormones as stimulators to improve arachidonic acid biosynthesis in Mortierella alpina. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap/Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics Reveals the Influence of Nitrogen Sources on Lipid Biosynthesis of Mortierella alpina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10984-10993. [PMID: 31525294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to reveal the effects of four types of nitrogen sources (soymeal, yeast extract, KNO3, and ammonium tartrate) on the lipid metabolism of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina using untargeted lipidomics, targeted fatty acid, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Our results showed clear differences in the contents and compositions of lipids between four types of nitrogen sources. Soymeal and ammonium tartrate supplementation favored the accumulation of triglycerides with arachidonic acid (ARA) and C16-18 fatty acids, respectively. These results were further validated by our targeted fatty acid analysis. RT-qPCR analysis of related genes in M. alpina between the four nitrogen source conditions found that soymeal supplementation dramatically increased the expression of GPAT, ELOVL, and Δ12/Δ6 desaturase. Our findings provided new insights into the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in M. alpina and potential avenues for genetic manipulation and highlighted the importance of an optimal nitrogen source for ARA-rich oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiqin Chen
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225004 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225004 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , People's Republic of China
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Liu HH, Wang C, Lu XY, Huang H, Tian Y, Ji XJ. Improved Production of Arachidonic Acid by Combined Pathway Engineering and Synthetic Enzyme Fusion in Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9851-9857. [PMID: 31418561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4) is a typical ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid with special functions. Using Yarrowia lipolytica as an unconventional chassis, we previously showed the performance of the Δ-6 pathway in ARA production. However, a significant increase in the Δ-9 pathway has rarely been reported. Herein, the Δ-9 pathway from Isochrysis galbana was constructed via pathway engineering, allowing us to synthesize ARA at 91.5 mg L-1. To further improve the ARA titer, novel enzyme fusions of Δ-9 elongase and Δ-8 desaturase were redesigned in special combinations containing different linkers. Finally, with the integrated pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusion, a 29% increase in the ARA titer, up to 118.1 mg/L, was achieved using the reconstructed strain RH-4 that harbors the rigid linker (GGGGS). The results show that the combined pathway and protein engineering can significantly facilitate applications of Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Hu Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
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10
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Li Z, Chen X, Li J, Meng T, Wang L, Chen Z, Shi Y, Ling X, Luo W, Liang D, Lu Y, Li Q, He N. Functions of PKS Genes in Lipid Synthesis of Schizochytrium sp. by Gene Disruption and Metabolomics Analysis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:792-802. [PMID: 30136198 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. is a kind of marine microalgae with great potential as promising sustainable source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Polyketide synthase-like (PKS synthase) is supposed to be one of the main ways to synthesize PUFAs in Schizochytrium sp. In order to study the exact relationship between PKS and PUFA biosynthesis, chain length factor (CLF) and dehydrogenase (DH) were cloned from the PKS gene cluster in Schizochytrium sp., then disrupted by homologous recombination. The results showed that DH- and CLF-disrupted strains had significant decreases (65.85 and 84.24%) in PUFA yield, while the saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion in lipids was slightly increased. Meanwhile, the disruption of CLF decreased the C-22 PUFA proportion by 57.51% without effect on C-20 PUFA accumulation while DH-disrupted mutant decreased the production of each PUFA. Combined with analysis of protein prediction, it indicated that CLF gene exerted an enormous function on the carbon chain elongation in PUFA synthesis, especially for the final elongation from C-20 to C-22 PUFAs. Metabolomics analysis also suggested that the disruption of both genes resulted in the decrease of PUFAs but increase of SFAs, thus weakening glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways. This study offers a broad new vision to research the mechanism of PUFA synthesis in Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafeng Liang
- Guangxi State Farms Sugar Industrial Group Company Limited, Guangxi Sugarcane Industry R&D center, Guangxi, Nanning, 530002, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Sugarcane Improvement and Biorefinery, Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Shi K, Gao Z, Lin L, Wang WJ, Shi XQ, Yu X, Song P, Ren LJ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Manipulating the generation of reactive oxygen species through intermittent hypoxic stress for enhanced accumulation of arachidonic acid-rich lipids. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Li Z, Meng T, Ling X, Li J, Zheng C, Shi Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Li Q, Lu Y, He N. Overexpression of Malonyl-CoA: ACP Transacylase in Schizochytrium sp. to Improve Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5382-5391. [PMID: 29722541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been widely applied in the food and medical industry. In this study, malonyl-CoA: ACP transacylase (MAT) was overexpressed through homologous recombination to improve PUFA production in Schizochytrium. The results showed that the lipid and PUFA concentration were increased by 10.1 and 24.5% with MAT overexpression, respectively. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the intracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle was weakened and glucose absorption was accelerated in the engineered strain. In the mevalonate pathway, intracellular carotene content was decreased, and the carbon flux was then redirected toward PUFA synthesis. Furthermore, a glucose fed-batch fermentation was finally performed with the engineered Schizochytrium. The total lipid yield was further increased to 110.5 g/L, 39.6% higher than the wild strain. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid yield were enhanced to 47.39 g/L and 1.65 g/L with an increase of 81.5 and 172.5%, respectively. This study provided an effective metabolic engineering strategy for industrial PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Xueping Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Chuqiang Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenqi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
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13
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Zhang H, Lu D, Li X, Feng Y, Cui Q, Song X. Heavy ion mutagenesis combined with triclosan screening provides a new strategy for improving the arachidonic acid yield in Mortierella alpina. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29716562 PMCID: PMC5930740 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA), which is a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has a wide range of biological activities and is an essential component of cellular membranes in some human tissues. Mortierella alpina is the best strain for industrial production of ARA. To increase its yield of arachidonic acid, heavy ion beam irradiation mutagenesis of Mortierella alpina was carried out in combination with triclosan and octyl gallate treatment. RESULTS The obtained mutant strain F-23 ultimately achieved an ARA yield of 5.26 g L- 1, which is 3.24 times higher than that of the wild-type strain. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that the expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), Δ5-desaturase, Δ6-desaturase, and Δ9-desaturase were all significantly up-regulated in the mutant F-23 strain, especially Δ6- and Δ9-desaturase, which were up-regulated 3- and 2-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed a feasible mutagenesis breeding strategy for improving ARA production and provided a mutant of Mortierella alpina with high ARA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China. .,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
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14
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Yu Y, Zhang L, Li T, Wu N, Jiang L, Ji X, Huang H. How nitrogen sources influence Mortierella alpina aging: From the lipid droplet proteome to the whole-cell proteome and metabolome. J Proteomics 2018; 179:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Zhang AH, Liu HL, Huang SY, Fu YS, Fang BS. Metabolic profiles analysis of 1,3-propanediol production process by Clostridium butyricum
through repeated batch fermentation coupled with activated carbon adsorption. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:684-693. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Hao-Lin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Shi-Yang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - You-Si Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Bai-Shan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian China
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16
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Wu Q, Zhu L, Xu Q, Huang H, Jiang L, Yang ST. Tailoring the Oxidative Stress Tolerance of Clostridium tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428 by Introducing Trehalose Biosynthetic Capability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8892-8901. [PMID: 28925260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermentations employing anaerobes always suffer from the restriction of stringent anaerobic conditions during the production of bulk and fine chemicals. This work aims to improve the oxidative stress tolerance of C. tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428, an ideal butyric-acid-producing anaerobe, via the introduction of trehalose biosynthesis capability. Compared with the wild type, the engineered strain showed a wider substrate spectrum, an improved metabolic profile, and a significantly increased specific growth rate upon aeration and acid challenge. Molecular simulation experiments indicated that CoA transferase maintained its native folded state when protected by the trehalose system. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was combined assays for acid-related enzyme activities under various conditions to verify the effects of trehalose. These results demonstrate that introducing a trehalose biosynthetic pathway, which is redundant for the metabolism of C. tyrobutyricum, can increase the robustness of the host to achieve a better oxidative resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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17
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The Role of Lipid Droplets in Mortierella alpina Aging Revealed by Integrative Subcellular and Whole-Cell Proteome Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43896. [PMID: 28266581 PMCID: PMC5339828 DOI: 10.1038/srep43896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) participate in many cellular processes in oleaginous microorganisms. However, the exact function of LDs in the Mortierella alpina aging process remains elusive. Herein, subcellular proteomics was employed to unveil the composition and dynamics of the LD proteome in the aging M. alpina for the first time. More than 400 proteins were detected in LDs and 62 of them changed expression significantly during aging. By combining the LD proteomic data with whole-cell data, we found that the carbohydrate metabolism and de novo lipid biosynthesis were all inhibited during aging of M. alpina mycelia. The up-regulation of fructose metabolism-related enzymes in LDs might imply that LDs facilitated the fructose metabolism, which in turn might cause pyruvate to accumulate and enter malate-pyruvate cycle, and ultimately, provide additional NADPH for the synthesis of arachidonic acid (ARA). Lysophospholipase and lecithinase were up-regulated in LDs during the aging process, suggesting that the phospholipids and lecithin were starting to be hydrolyzed, in order to release fatty acids for the cells. The impairment of the anti-oxidant system might lead to the accumulation of ROS and consequently cause the up-regulation of autophagy-related proteins in LDs, which further induces the M. alpina mycelia to activate the autophagy process.
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18
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Wu WJ, Zhang AH, Peng C, Ren LJ, Song P, Yu YD, Huang H, Ji XJ. An efficient multi-stage fermentation strategy for the production of microbial oil rich in arachidonic acid in Mortierella alpina. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017; 4:8. [PMID: 28163995 PMCID: PMC5243910 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal morphology and aeration play a significant role in the growth process of Mortierella alpina. The production of microbial oil rich in arachidonic acid (ARA) in M. alpina was enhanced by using a multi-stage fermentation strategy which combined fed-batch culture with precise control of aeration and agitation rates at proper times. RESULTS The fermentation period was divided into four stages according to the cultivation characteristics of M. alpina. The dissolved oxygen concentration was well suited for ARA biosynthesis. Moreover, the ultimate dry cell weight (DCW), lipid, and ARA yields obtained using this strategy reached 41.4, 22.2, 13.5 g/L, respectively. The respective values represent 14.8, 25.8, and 7.8% improvements over traditional fed-batch fermentation processes. CONCLUSIONS This strategy provides promising control insights for the mass production of ARA-rich oil on an industrial scale. Pellet-like fungal morphology was transformed into rice-shaped particles which were beneficial for oxygen transfer and thus highly suitable for biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hui Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition Health and Food Safety, COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing, 102209 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Dong Yu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
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Yu Y, Li T, Wu N, Ren L, Jiang L, Ji X, Huang H. Mechanism of Arachidonic Acid Accumulation during Aging in Mortierella alpina: A Large-Scale Label-Free Comparative Proteomics Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9124-9134. [PMID: 27776414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid having various beneficial physiological effects on the human body. The aging of Mortierella alpina has long been known to significantly improve ARA yield, but the exact mechanism is still elusive. Herein, multiple approaches including large-scale label-free comparative proteomics were employed to systematically investigate the mechanism mentioned above. Upon ultrastructural observation, abnormal mitochondria were found to aggregate around shrunken lipid droplets. Proteomics analysis revealed a total of 171 proteins with significant alterations of expression during aging. Pathway analysis suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were accumulated and stimulated the activation of the malate/pyruvate cycle and isocitrate dehydrogenase, which might provide additional NADPH for ARA synthesis. EC 4.2.1.17-hydratase might be a key player in ARA accumulation during aging. These findings provide a valuable resource for efforts to further improve the ARA content in the oil produced by aging M. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Tao Li
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lujing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
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