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Mendoza-Mendoza A, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Soth S, Whelan H, Alizadeh H, Echaide-Aquino JF, Kandula D, Hampton JG. Uncovering the multifaceted properties of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone for control of plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1420068. [PMID: 38957597 PMCID: PMC11217547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1420068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms have the ability to inhibit the growth and development of plant pathogens, induce the activation of plant defenses, and promote plant growth. Among them, 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), a ketone produced by Trichoderma fungi, has emerged as a focal point of interest. 6-PP has been isolated and characterized from thirteen Trichoderma species and is the main VOC produced, often accounting for >50% of the total VOCs emitted. This review examines abiotic and biotic interactions regulating the production of 6-PP by Trichoderma, and the known effects of 6-PP on plant pathogens through direct and indirect mechanisms including induced systemic resistance. While there are many reports of 6-PP activity against plant pathogens, the vast majority have been from laboratory studies involving only 6-PP and the pathogen, rather than glasshouse or field studies including a host plant in the system. Biopesticides based on 6-PP may well provide an eco-friendly, sustainable management tool for future agricultural production. However, before this can happen, challenges including demonstrating disease control efficacy in the field, developing efficient delivery systems, and determining cost-effective application rates must be overcome before 6-PP's potential for pathogen control can be turned into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sereyboth Soth
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen Whelan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hossein Alizadeh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Diwakar Kandula
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John G. Hampton
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Staropoli A, Di Mola I, Ottaiano L, Cozzolino E, Pironti A, Lombardi N, Nanni B, Mori M, Vinale F, Woo SL, Marra R. Biodegradable Mulch Films and Bioformulations Based on Trichoderma sp. and Seaweed Extract Differentially Affect the Metabolome of Industrial Tomato Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:97. [PMID: 38392769 PMCID: PMC10890107 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of biostimulants and biofilms in agriculture is constantly increasing, as they may support plant growth and productivity by improving nutrient absorption, increasing stress resilience and providing sustainable alternatives to chemical management practices. In this work, two commercial products based on Trichoderma afroharzianum strain T22 (Trianum P®) and a seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum (Phylgreen®) were tested on industrial tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum var. Heinz 5108F1) in a field experiment. The effects of single and combined applications of microbial and plant biostimulants on plants grown on two different biodegradable mulch films were evaluated in terms of changes in the metabolic profiles of leaves and berries. Untargeted metabolomics analysis by LC-MS Q-TOF revealed the presence of several significantly accumulated compounds, depending on the biostimulant treatment, the mulch biofilm and the tissue examined. Among the differential compounds identified, some metabolites, belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids and their derivatives, were more abundant in tomato berries and leaves upon application of Trichoderma-based product. Interestingly, the biostimulants, when applied alone, similarly affected the plant metabolome compared to control or combined treatments, while significant differences were observed according to the mulch biofilm applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Staropoli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Di Mola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Ottaiano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cozzolino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Viale Douhet, 8, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Pironti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Nanni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Mori
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Panara A, Gikas E, Koupa A, Thomaidis NS. Longitudinal Plant Health Monitoring via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening Workflows: Application to a Fertilizer Mediated Tomato Growth Experiment. Molecules 2023; 28:6771. [PMID: 37836613 PMCID: PMC10574498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been spent in the modern era towards implementing environmentally friendly procedures like composting to mitigate the negative effects of intensive agricultural practices. In this context, a novel fertilizer was produced via the hydrolysis of an onion-derived compost, and has been previously comprehensively chemically characterized. In order to characterize its efficacy, the product was applied to tomato plants at five time points to monitor plant health and growth. Control samples were also used at each time point to eliminate confounding parameters due to the plant's normal growth process. After harvesting, the plant leaves were extracted using aq. MeOH (70:30, v/v) and analyzed via UPLC-QToF-MS, using a C18 column in both ionization modes (±ESI). The data-independent (DIA/bbCID) acquisition mode was employed, and the data were analyzed by MS-DIAL. Statistical analysis, including multivariate and trend analysis for longitudinal monitoring, were employed to highlight the differentiated features among the controls and treated plants as well as the time-point sequence. Metabolites related to plant growth belonging to several chemical classes were identified, proving the efficacy of the fertilizer product. Furthermore, the efficiency of the analytical and statistical workflows utilized was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
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Abd El-Rahman AA, El-Shafei SMA, Shehab GMG, Mansour L, Abuelsaad ASA, Gad RA. Assessment of Biochemical and Neuroactivities of Cultural Filtrate from Trichoderma harzianum in Adjusting Electrolytes and Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus of Epileptic Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1815. [PMID: 37763219 PMCID: PMC10533195 DOI: 10.3390/life13091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurological disorder, which is accompanied by recurrent seizures. Repeated seizures cause physical injuries and neuronal dysfunction and may be a risk of cancer and vascular diseases. However, many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have side effects of mood alteration or neurocognitive function, a reduction in neuron excitation, and the inhibition of normal activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum cultural filtrate (ThCF) when adjusting different electrolytes and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. METHODS Cytotoxicity of ThCF against LS-174T cancer cells was assessed using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Quantitative estimation for some neurotransmitters, electrolytes in sera or homogenate of hippocampi tissues, and mRNA gene expression for ion or voltage gates was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with ThCF reduces the proliferative percentage of LS-174T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ThCF administration improves hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia in the sera of the epilepticus model. ThCF rebalances the elevated levels of many neurotransmitters and reduces the release of GABA and acetylcholine-esterase. Also, treatments with ThCF ameliorate the downregulation of mRNA gene expression for some gate receptors in hippocampal homogenate tissues and recorded a highly significant elevation in the expression of SCN1A, CACNA1S, and NMDA. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma (ThCF) have cytotoxic activity against LS-174T (colorectal cancer cell line) and anxiolytic-like activity through a GABAergic mechanism of action and an increase in GABA as inhibitory amino acid in the selected brain regions and reduced levels of NMDA and DOPA. The present data suggested that ThCF may inhibit intracellular calcium accumulation by triggering the NAADP-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway. Therefore, the present results suggested further studies on the molecular pathway for each metabolite of ThCF, e.g., 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP), harzianic acid (HA), and hydrophobin, as an alternative drug to mitigate the side effects of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Sally M. A. El-Shafei
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Gaber M. G. Shehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelaziz S. A. Abuelsaad
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Rania A. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, NAHDA University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
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Chen L, Hao D, Dou K, Lang B, Wang X, Li Y, Chen J. Preparation of High Water-Soluble Trichoderma Co-Culture Metabolite Powder and Its Effects on Seedling Emergence Rate and Growth of Crops. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:767. [PMID: 37504755 PMCID: PMC10381636 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are widely used beneficial microbes in agricultural production; however, the improper carrier choice for Trichoderma agent preparation can alter the effectiveness of Trichoderma fungicides. In this study, the co-culture of four Trichoderma strains produced a large amount of free amino acids, with a content of 392.8414 ug/mL, and significantly improved the production level of γ-aminobutyric acid. A greenhouse experiment further showed that the co-culture of Trichoderma synergistically improved the female flower development and bacterial angular leaf spot resistance. The effects of ten kinds of carriers were compared in terms of water absorption and heat generation, as well as their effects on the seedling emergence rate and the plant growth promotion of maize, cucumber, and pakchoi cabbage. Each carrier was screened to mix with four strains of co-culture metabolites to prepare highly soluble and quality powders. The results showed that there were different effects of the carriers themselves and Trichoderma strain co-culture metabolite powder prepared with the carriers on seedling emergence rate and seedling growth. Β-cyclodextrin performed best in high solubility and low heat generation upon absorbing water and in easy drying in processing operations. Trichoderma strains co-culture metabolite powder with β-cyclodextrin as a carrier provided the most obvious promotion effects on seedling emergence rate and seedling growth. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin was determined to be an ideal carrier to prepare a highly water-soluble Trichoderma agent. Taken together, the study successfully developed a new type of highly soluble powder containing Trichoderma co-culture metabolites that is expected to benefit farming drip irrigation and spraying systems for the promotion of crop growth and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dazhi Hao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Dou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Lang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Approaches to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033025. [PMID: 36769343 PMCID: PMC9918255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore changes in proteins and metabolites under stress circumstances, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics methods are used. In-depth research over the previous ten years has gradually revealed the fundamental processes of plants' responses to environmental stress. Abiotic stresses, which include temperature extremes, water scarcity, and metal toxicity brought on by human activity and urbanization, are a major cause for concern, since they can result in unsustainable warming trends and drastically lower crop yields. Furthermore, there is an emerging reliance on agrochemicals. Stress is responsible for physiological transformations such as the formation of reactive oxygen, stomatal opening and closure, cytosolic calcium ion concentrations, metabolite profiles and their dynamic changes, expression of stress-responsive genes, activation of potassium channels, etc. Research regarding abiotic stresses is lacking because defense feedbacks to abiotic factors necessitate regulating the changes that activate multiple genes and pathways that are not properly explored. It is clear from the involvement of these genes that plant stress response and adaptation are complicated processes. Targeting the multigenicity of plant abiotic stress responses caused by genomic sequences, transcripts, protein organization and interactions, stress-specific and cellular transcriptome collections, and mutant screens can be the first step in an integrative approach. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the genomes, proteomics, and metabolomics of tomatoes under abiotic stress.
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de Moraes Pontes JG, da Silva Pinheiro MS, Fill TP. Unveiling Chemical Interactions Between Plants and Fungi Using Metabolomics Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:1-20. [PMID: 37843803 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been extensively used in clinical studies in the search for new biomarkers of human diseases. However, this approach has also been highlighted in agriculture and biological sciences, once metabolomics studies have been assisting researchers to deduce new chemical mechanisms involved in biological interactions that occur between microorganisms and plants. In this sense, the knowledge of the biological role of each metabolite (virulence factors, signaling compounds, antimicrobial metabolites, among others) and the affected biochemical pathways during the interaction contribute to a better understand of different ecological relationships established in nature. The current chapter addresses five different applications of the metabolomics approach in fungal-plant interactions research: (1) Discovery of biomarkers in pathogen-host interactions, (2) plant diseases diagnosis, (3) chemotaxonomy, (4) plant defense, and (5) plant resistance; using mass spectrometry and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which are the techniques most used in metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme de Moraes Pontes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Química Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Suelen da Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Química Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taícia Pacheco Fill
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Química Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Li G, Jian T, Liu X, Lv Q, Zhang G, Ling J. Application of Metabolomics in Fungal Research. Molecules 2022; 27:7365. [PMID: 36364192 PMCID: PMC9654507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is an essential method to study the dynamic changes of metabolic networks and products using modern analytical techniques, as well as reveal the life phenomena and their inherent laws. Currently, more and more attention has been paid to the development of metabolic histochemistry in the fungus field. This paper reviews the application of metabolomics in fungal research from five aspects: identification, response to stress, metabolite discovery, metabolism engineering, and fungal interactions with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Tongtong Jian
- Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qingtao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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Moo-Koh FA, Cristóbal-Alejo J, Andrés MF, Martín J, Reyes F, Tun-Suárez JM, Gamboa-Angulo M. In Vitro Assessment of Organic and Residual Fractions of Nematicidal Culture Filtrates from Thirteen Tropical Trichoderma Strains and Metabolic Profiles of Most-Active. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010082. [PMID: 35050022 PMCID: PMC8779102 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematicidal properties of Trichoderma species have potential for developing safer biocontrol agents. In the present study, 13 native Trichoderma strains from T. citrinoviride, T. ghanense (2 strains), T. harzianum (4), T. koningiopsis, T. simmonsii, and T. virens (4) with nematicidal activity were selected and cultured in potato dextrose broth to obtain a culture filtrate (CF) for each. Each CF was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain organic (EA) and residual filtrate (RF) fractions, which were then tested on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita in a microdilution assay. The most lethal strains were T. harzianum Th43-14, T. koningiopsis Th41-11, T. ghanense Th02-04, and T. virens Th32-09, which caused 51–100% mortality (%M) of J2s of both nematodes, mainly due to their RF fractions. Liquid chromatography–diode array detector-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the most-active fractions revealed sesquiterpene and polyketide-like metabolites produced by the four active strains. These native Trichoderma strains have a high potential to develop safer natural products for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Amalia Moo-Koh
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
| | - Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-A.); (M.G.-A.); Tel.: +52-99-9942-8330 (M.G.-A.)
| | - María Fé Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | | | - Jose María Tun-Suárez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-A.); (M.G.-A.); Tel.: +52-99-9942-8330 (M.G.-A.)
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11
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Sarrocco S, Vicente I, Staropoli A, Vinale F. Genes Involved in the Secondary Metabolism of Trichoderma and the Biochemistry of These Compounds. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Qiao Z, Yates TB, Shrestha HK, Engle NL, Flanagan A, Morrell‐Falvey JL, Sun Y, Tschaplinski TJ, Abraham PE, Labbé J, Wang Z, Hettich RL, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen J. Towards engineering ectomycorrhization into switchgrass bioenergy crops via a lectin receptor-like kinase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2454-2468. [PMID: 34272801 PMCID: PMC8633507 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne microbes can establish compatible relationships with host plants, providing a large variety of nutritive and protective compounds in exchange for photosynthesized sugars. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the establishment of these beneficial relationships remain unclear. Our previous genetic mapping and whole-genome resequencing studies identified a gene deletion event of a Populus trichocarpa lectin receptor-like kinase gene PtLecRLK1 in Populus deltoides that was associated with poor-root colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. By introducing PtLecRLK1 into a perennial grass known to be a non-host of L. bicolor, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), we found that L. bicolor colonizes ZmUbipro-PtLecRLK1 transgenic switchgrass roots, which illustrates that the introduction of PtLecRLK1 has the potential to convert a non-host to a host of L. bicolor. Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses on inoculated-transgenic switchgrass roots revealed genes/proteins overrepresented in the compatible interaction and underrepresented in the pathogenic defence pathway, consistent with the view that pathogenic defence response is down-regulated during compatible interaction. Metabolomic profiling revealed that root colonization in the transgenic switchgrass was associated with an increase in N-containing metabolites and a decrease in organic acids, sugars, and aromatic hydroxycinnamate conjugates, which are often seen in the early steps of establishing compatible interactions. These studies illustrate that PtLecRLK1 is able to render a plant susceptible to colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus L. bicolor and shed light on engineering mycorrhizal symbiosis into a non-host to enhance plant productivity and fitness on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qiao
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Timothy B. Yates
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate EducationUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Him K. Shrestha
- Genome Science and TechnologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Yali Sun
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Robert L. Hettich
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
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13
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Augustijn D, de Groot HJM, Alia A. HR-MAS NMR Applications in Plant Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040931. [PMID: 33578691 PMCID: PMC7916392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is used to reduce the complexity of plants and to understand the underlying pathways of the plant phenotype. The metabolic profile of plants can be obtained by mass spectrometry or liquid-state NMR. The extraction of metabolites from the sample is necessary for both techniques to obtain the metabolic profile. This extraction step can be eliminated by making use of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. In this review, an HR-MAS NMR-based workflow is described in more detail, including used pulse sequences in metabolomics. The pre-processing steps of one-dimensional HR-MAS NMR spectra are presented, including spectral alignment, baseline correction, bucketing, normalisation and scaling procedures. We also highlight some of the models which can be used to perform multivariate analysis on the HR-MAS NMR spectra. Finally, applications of HR-MAS NMR in plant metabolomics are described and show that HR-MAS NMR is a powerful tool for plant metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje Augustijn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - A. Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–17, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (A.A.)
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14
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Vitiello G, Venezia V, Verrillo M, Nuzzo A, Houston J, Cimino S, D'Errico G, Aronne A, Paduano L, Piccolo A, Luciani G. Hybrid humic acid/titanium dioxide nanomaterials as highly effective antimicrobial agents against gram(-) pathogens and antibiotic contaminants in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110562. [PMID: 33271143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) provide an important bio-source for redox-active materials. Their functional chemical groups are responsible for several properties, such as metal ion chelating activity, adsorption ability towards small molecules and antibacterial activity, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the poor selectivity and instability of HAs in solution hinder their application. A promising strategy for overcoming these disadvantages is conjugation with an inorganic phase, which leads to more stable hybrid nanomaterials with tuneable functionalities. In this study, we demonstrate that hybrid humic acid/titanium dioxide nanostructured materials that are prepared via a versatile in situ hydrothermal strategy display promising antibacterial activity against various pathogens and behave as selective sequestering agents of amoxicillin and tetracycline antibiotics from wastewater. A physicochemical investigation in which a combination of techniques were utilized, which included TEM, BET, 13C-CPMAS-NMR, EPR, DLS and SANS, shed light on the structure-property-function relationships of the nanohybrids. The proposed approach traces a technological path for the exploitation of organic biowaste in the design at the molecular scale of multifunctional nanomaterials, which is useful for addressing environmental and health problems that are related to water contamination by antibiotics and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy; CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Virginia Venezia
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agro-Alimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Assunta Nuzzo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agro-Alimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Judith Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85747, Germany; European Spallation Source (ESS), Odarslovsvagen 113, 22592, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefano Cimino
- IRC-Istituto di Ricerche Sulla Combustione, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Aronne
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agro-Alimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
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15
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Yamashita M, Hsieh YH, Iwasaki H, Iwai Y, Adachi M, Kitai K, Kuribayashi E, Hirata Y, Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Kojima N. [2+2]Photocycloaddition of 5,6-Substituted 2-Oxo-2H-pyran-3-carboxylates with Alkenes. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Marra R, Coppola M, Pironti A, Grasso F, Lombardi N, d’Errico G, Sicari A, Bolletti Censi S, Woo SL, Rao R, Vinale F. The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040369. [PMID: 33339378 PMCID: PMC7766153 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma can antagonize numerous plant pathogens and promote plant growth using different mechanisms of action, including the production of secondary metabolites (SMs). In this work we analyzed the effects of repeated applications of selected Trichoderma strains or SMs on young olive trees on the stimulation of plant growth and on the development of olive leaf spot disease caused by Fusicladium oleagineum. In addition, metabolomic analyses and gene expression profiles of olive leaves were carried out by LC-MS Q-TOF and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. A total of 104 phenolic compounds were detected from olive leave extracts and 20 were putatively identified. Targeted and untargeted approaches revealed significant differences in both the number and type of phenolic compounds accumulated in olive leaves after Trichoderma applications, as compared to water-treated plants. Different secoiridoids were less abundant in treated plants than in controls, while the accumulation of flavonoids (including luteolin and apigenin derivatives) increased following the application of specific Trichoderma strain. The induction of defense-related genes, and of genes involved in the synthesis of the secoiridoid oleuropein, was also analyzed and revealed a significant variation of gene expression according to the strain or metabolite applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812532253
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Angela Pironti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Filomena Grasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
| | - Giada d’Errico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Andrea Sicari
- Linfa S.c.a r.l., 89900 Vibo Valentia, Italy; (A.S.); (S.B.C.)
| | | | - Sheridan L. Woo
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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17
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Abreu AC, Fernández I. NMR Metabolomics Applied on the Discrimination of Variables Influencing Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Molecules 2020; 25:E3738. [PMID: 32824282 PMCID: PMC7463728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato composition and nutritional value are attracting increasing attention and interest from both consumers and producers. The interest in enhancing fruits' quality with respect to beneficious nutrients and flavor/aroma components is based not only in their economic added value but also in their implications involving organoleptic and healthy properties and has generated considerable research interest among nutraceutical and horticultural industries. The present article reviews up to March 2020 some of the most relevant studies based on the application of NMR coupled to multivariate statistical analysis that have addressed the investigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Specifically, the NMR untargeted technique in the agri-food sector can generate comprehensive data on metabolic networks and is paving the way towards the understanding of variables affecting tomato crops and composition such as origin, variety, salt-water irrigation, cultivation techniques, stage of development, among many others. Such knowledge is helpful to improve fruit quality through cultural practices that divert the metabolism towards the desired pathways and, probably more importantly, drives further efforts towards the differentiation of those crops developed under controlled and desired agronomical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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18
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19
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Vinale F, Sivasithamparam K. Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2835-2842. [PMID: 32578292 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selected microbial strains used as active ingredients of biopesticides for agricultural management practices (e.g., IPM, Integrated Pest Management) are known for their ability to control phytopathogens, promote plant growth, and/or induce disease resistance. Microbes belonging to the Trichoderma genus are considered as an appropriate example of beneficial microbes and are model organisms to study plant-microbe interactions. Several Trichoderma strains are marketed as biocontrol agents and are known to increase plant growth, stress tolerance, and nutrient availability. These effects have sometimes been related to the production of effector metabolites that beneficial microbes produce during the interaction with plant and other microbes. Secondary metabolites (SMs) comprise different classes of natural compounds with low molecular weight and having numerous biological roles, especially in the interactions among organisms. Metabolomic analysis of the interactions between plants, phytopathogens, and beneficial fungi aided in the identification of several bioactive fungal SMs that positively affect plant metabolism. Some of these compounds showed direct activity against phytopathogens, but also increased disease resistance by triggering the plant defence system, and/or enhanced vegetative growth. A new generation of bioformulations based on microbial metabolites and living consortia responsible for the desired beneficial effects on crops may overcome the difficulties associated with the use of a single living microbial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vinale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,CNR Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
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20
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Khan RAA, Najeeb S, Hussain S, Xie B, Li Y. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E817. [PMID: 32486107 PMCID: PMC7356054 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi, causing significant economic and production losses, are becoming a serious threat to global food security. Due to an increase in fungal resistance and the hazardous effects of chemical fungicides to human and environmental health, scientists are now engaged to explore alternate non-chemical and ecofriendly management strategies. The use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs) is one of the potential approaches used today. Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents used globally. Many Trichoderma species are the most prominent producers of SMs with antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Detailed information about these secondary metabolites, when grouped together, enhances the understanding of their efficient utilization and further exploration of new bioactive compounds for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. The current literature provides the information about SMs of Trichoderma spp. in a different context. In this review, we summarize and group different antifungal SMs of Trichoderma spp. against phytopathogenic fungi along with a comprehensive overview of some aspects related to their chemistry and biosynthesis. Moreover, a brief overview of the biosynthesis pathway, action mechanism, and different approaches for the analysis of SMs and the factors affecting the regulation of SMs in Trichoderma is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asad Ali Khan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Saba Najeeb
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shaukat Hussain
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan;
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
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21
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Pota G, Venezia V, Vitiello G, Di Donato P, Mollo V, Costantini A, Avossa J, Nuzzo A, Piccolo A, Silvestri B, Luciani G. Tuning Functional Behavior of Humic Acids through Interactions with Stöber Silica Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E982. [PMID: 32340165 PMCID: PMC7240412 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic acids (HA) exhibit fascinating multifunctional features, yet degradation phenomena as well as poor stability in aqueous environments strongly limit their use. Inorganic nanoparticles are emerging as a powerful interface for the development of robust HA bio-hybrid materials with enhanced chemical stability and tunable properties. Hybrid organic-inorganic SiO2/HA nanostructures were synthesized via an in-situ sol-gel route, exploiting both physical entrapment and chemical coupling. The latter was achieved through amide bond formation between carboxyl groups of HA and the amino group of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), as confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Monodisperse hybrid nanoparticles about 90 nm in diameter were obtained in both cases, yet Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy highlighted the different supramolecular organization of HA. The altered HA conformation was reflected in different antioxidant properties of the conjugated nanoparticles that, however, resulted in being higher than for pure HA. Our findings proved the key role of both components in defining the morphology of the final system, as well as the efficacy of the ceramic component in templating the HA supramolecular organization and consequently tuning their functional features, thus defining a green strategy for bio-waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pota
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (V.V.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Virginia Venezia
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (V.V.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (V.V.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
- CSGI, Center for Colloids and Surface Science, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Di Donato
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@CABHC, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (V.V.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Joshua Avossa
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Assunta Nuzzo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (V.V.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (V.V.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
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22
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Tang L, Shang J, Song C, Yang R, Shang X, Mao W, Bao D, Tan Q. Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of Antimicrobial Compounds in the Brown Film of Lentinula edodes Mycelium via LC-MS/MS Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7567-7575. [PMID: 32280900 PMCID: PMC7144172 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The brown film (BF) of Lentinula edodes mycelium has been reported to exert biological activities during mushroom cultivation; however, to date, there is limited information on its chemical composition. In this study, untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the results were used to screen the antimicrobial compounds. A total of 236 differential metabolites were found among the BF stages compared with the white hyphal stage. Among them, five important antimicrobial metabolites related to antimicrobial activities, namely, 6-deoxyerythronolide B, tanikolide, hydroxyanthraquinone, benzylideneacetone, and 9-OxooTrE, were present at high levels in the BF samples. The score plots of the principal component analysis indicated that the samples from four time points could be classified into two groups. This study provided a comprehensive profile of the antimicrobial compounds produced during BF formation and partly clarified the antibacterial and antifungal mechanism of the BF of L. edodes mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Tan
- . Phone/Fax: +86-21-6220-6780
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Adeniji AA, Babalola OO, Loots DT. Metabolomic applications for understanding complex tripartite plant-microbes interactions: Strategies and perspectives. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 25:e00425. [PMID: 32099821 PMCID: PMC7031126 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytopathogens from the Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Pseudomonas sp. and their toxigenic metabolites - alternariol, fumonisin, citrinin, and coronatine respectively, negatively impact crop yields and sales by eliciting plant diseases and/or causing human and veterinary toxicoses upon the consumption of contaminated food. These phytopathogens and their associated toxins, however, are present and most likely in undetectable concentrations pre-harvest and post-harvest of many major staple crops. Metabolomic approaches have been used extensively for better characterizing and diagnosing human disease, plant disease and, their etiological agents. Their use in agro-industrial research focusing specifically on tripartite (plant - toxicogenic microbe - beneficial microbe) interactions is, however, limited. Since new approaches for eradicating food-borne pathogens, increasing crop productivity and improving agro-international trade are being sought worldwide, the consequent integration of metabolomic approaches and perspectives in crop protection strategies for better understanding plant - toxicogenic microbe - beneficial microbe interaction in tandem is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetomiwa Ayodele Adeniji
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Human Metabolomics Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Food Security and Safety Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Human Metabolomics Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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de Falco B, Manzo D, Incerti G, Garonna AP, Ercolano M, Lanzotti V. Metabolomics approach based on NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis to explore the interaction between the leafminer Tuta absoluta and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:556-563. [PMID: 31286582 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most devastating and harmful pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops causing up to 80-100% yield losses. A large arsenal of plant metabolites is induced by the leafminer feeding including defence compounds that could differ among varieties. OBJECTIVE To compare the metabolomic changes of different genotypes of tomato (tolerant "T", susceptible "S" and "F1" hybrid obtained between T and S) after exposition to T. absoluta. METHODOLOGY Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis were performed to analyse the metabolic profiles of control and infested samples on three different tomato genotypes. RESULTS Signals related to GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) were relatively much higher in all infested samples compared to the non-infested plants used as control. Infested T genotype samples were the most abundant in organic acids, including fatty acids and acyl sugars, chlorogenic acid, neo-chlorogenic acid and feruloyl quinic acid, indicating a clear link between the exposure to leafminer. Results also showed an increase of trigonelline in all tomato varieties after exposition to T. absoluta. CONCLUSION Metabolomics approach based on NMR spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis allowed for a detailed metabolite profile of plant defences, providing fundamental information for breeding programmes in plant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Falco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
- School of Science, Engineering & Technology, Division of Food & Drink, University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniele Manzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Pietro Garonna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
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Involvement of lytic enzymes and secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. in the biological control of Pythium myriotylum. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:179-188. [PMID: 31267375 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities and involvement of extracellular lytic enzymes produced by four strains of Trichoderma in the inhibition of Pythium myriotylum. Antagonistic effects were tested by dual culture. Activities of lytic enzymes were evaluated from the filtrate of each strain after cultivation in selected media. Organic extracts were obtained from liquid media subsequent to the cultivation of Trichoderma in potato dextrose broth (PDB). Non-volatile organic compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids were evaluated spectrophotometrically while volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the organic extracts was determined using the poisoning method. Results have shown that all the strains were antagonists against P. myriotylum. T. erinaceum (IT-58), T. gamsii (IT-62), T. afroharzianum (P8), and T. harzianum (P11) that were found to produce cellulase, protease, and xylanase. Over 20 compounds were identified in each extract, including esters, lactones, and organic acids. The organic extracts also contained high amounts of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids and significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. myriotylum. The minimal inhibition concentrations were 80 μg/μL, 40 μg/μL, 20 μg/μL, and 10 μg/μL, for extracts obtained from T. erinaceum (IT-58), T. gamsii (IT-62), T. afroharzianum (P8), and T. harzianum (P11), respectively. There was significant correlation between the production of total polyphenol and flavonoid content and the antagonistic effects of the tested strains.
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Mazzei P, Celano G, Palese AM, Lardo E, Drosos M, Piccolo A. HRMAS-NMR metabolomics of Aglianicone grapes pulp to evaluate terroir and vintage effects, and, as assessed by the electromagnetic induction (EMI) technique, spatial variability of vineyard soils. Food Chem 2019; 283:215-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Non-Volatile Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030058. [PMID: 30909487 PMCID: PMC6468342 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Trichoderma is comprised of many common fungi species that are distributed worldwide across many ecosystems. Trichoderma species are well-known producers of secondary metabolites with a variety of biological activities. Their potential use as biocontrol agents has been known for many years. Several reviews about metabolites from Trichoderma have been published. These reviews are based on their structural type, biological activity, or fungal origin. In this review, we summarize the secondary metabolites per Trichoderma species and elaborate on approximately 390 non-volatile compounds from 20 known species and various unidentified species.
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Ni M, Wu Q, Wang GS, Liu QQ, Yu MX, Tang J. Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:20-26. [PMID: 30896331 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1507227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72 h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24 h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72 h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72 h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ni
- a Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction , Fuyang Normal University , Fuyang , Anhui , China
| | - Qiong Wu
- a Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction , Fuyang Normal University , Fuyang , Anhui , China
| | - Gui S Wang
- a Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction , Fuyang Normal University , Fuyang , Anhui , China
| | - Qian Q Liu
- a Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction , Fuyang Normal University , Fuyang , Anhui , China
| | - Mei X Yu
- a Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction , Fuyang Normal University , Fuyang , Anhui , China
| | - Jun Tang
- a Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction , Fuyang Normal University , Fuyang , Anhui , China
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Mazzei P, Cozzolino V, Piccolo A. High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Spectroscopies Distinguish Metabolome and Structural Properties of Maize Seeds from Plants Treated with Different Fertilizers and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2580-2588. [PMID: 29323890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Both high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HRMAS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) NMR spectroscopies were applied here to identify the changes of metabolome, morphology, and structural properties induced in seeds (caryopses) of maize plants grown at field level under either mineral or compost fertilization in combination with the inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The metabolome of intact caryopses was examined by HRMAS-NMR, while the morphological aspects, endosperm properties and seed water distribution were investigated by MRI. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate 1H CPMG (Carr-Purcel-Meiboom-Gill) HRMAS spectra as well as several MRI-derived parameters ( T1, T2, and self-diffusion coefficients) of intact maize caryopses. PCA score-plots from spectral results indicated that both seeds metabolome and structural properties depended on the specific field treatment undergone by maize plants. Our findings show that a combination of multivariate statistical analyses with advanced and nondestructive NMR techniques, such as HRMAS and MRI, enables the evaluation of the effects induced on maize caryopses by different fertilization and management practices at field level. The spectroscopic approach adopted here may become useful for the objective appraisal of the quality of seeds produced under a sustainable agriculture.
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Gessler NN, Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Kharchenko EA, Groza NV, Belozerskaya TA. Oxylipins and oxylipin synthesis pathways in fungi. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Covering: up to January 2017This review gives a comprehensive overview of the production of fungal volatiles, including the history of the discovery of the first compounds and their distribution in the various investigated strains, species and genera, as unravelled by modern analytical methods. Biosynthetic aspects and the accumulated knowledge about the bioactivity and biological functions of fungal volatiles are also covered. A total number of 325 compounds is presented in this review, with 247 cited references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Gil A. Nutrimetabolomics: An Update on Analytical Approaches to Investigate the Role of Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds in Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122072. [PMID: 27941699 PMCID: PMC5187872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of low-weight molecules present in biological samples such as biofluids, tissue/cellular extracts, and culture media. Metabolomics research is increasing, and at the moment, it has several applications in the food science and nutrition fields. In the present review, we provide an update about the most frequently used methodologies and metabolomic platforms in these areas. Also, we discuss different metabolomic strategies regarding the discovery of new bioactive compounds (BACs) in plant-based foods. Furthermore, we review the existing literature related to the use of metabolomics to investigate the potential protective role of BACs in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Ciberobn, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Zeilinger S, Gruber S, Bansal R, Mukherjee PK. Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma – Chemistry meets genomics. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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