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Gunther D, Alford R, Johnson J, Neilsen P, Zhang L, Harrell R, Day C. Transgenic black soldier flies for production of carotenoids. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 168:104110. [PMID: 38522557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has gained traction recently as a means to achieve closed-loop production cycles. BSF can subsist off mammalian waste products and their consumption of such waste in turn generates compost that can be used in agricultural operations. Their environmental impact is minimal and BSF larvae are edible, with a nutritional profile high in protein and other essential vitamins. Therefore, it is conceivable to use BSF as a mechanism for both reducing organic waste and maintaining a low-impact food source for animal livestock or humans. The main drawback to BSF as a potential human food source is they are deficient in fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, and E. While loading BSF with essential vitamins may be achieved via diet-based interventions, this undercuts the goal of a closed-loop as specialized diets would require additional supply chains. An alternative is to genetically engineer BSF that can synthesize these essential vitamins. Here we describe a BSF line that has been engineered with the two main carotenoid biosynthetic genes, CarRA and CarB for production of provitamin carotenoids within the Vitamin A family. Our data describe the manipulation of the BSF genome to insert transgenes for expression of functional protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Gunther
- Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, United States.
| | - Robert Alford
- University of Maryland, Insect Transformation Facility (ITF), Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States.
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, United States.
| | - Paul Neilsen
- Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, United States.
| | - Liuyin Zhang
- Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, United States.
| | - Robert Harrell
- University of Maryland, Insect Transformation Facility (ITF), Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States.
| | - Cameron Day
- Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, United States.
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2
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Liu Y, Ye J, Zhu M, Atkinson RG, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Lu J, Cao Z, Peng J, Shi C, Xie Z, Larkin RM, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Chen C, Wang R, Luo X, Cheng Y, Deng X, Zeng Y. Multi-omics analyses reveal the importance of chromoplast plastoglobules in carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:924-943. [PMID: 37902994 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplasts act as a metabolic sink for carotenoids, in which plastoglobules serve as versatile lipoprotein particles. PGs in chloroplasts have been characterized. However, the features of PGs from non-photosynthetic plastids are poorly understood. We found that the development of chromoplast plastoglobules (CPGs) in globular and crystalloid chromoplasts of citrus is associated with alterations in carotenoid storage. Using Nycodenz density gradient ultracentrifugation, an efficient protocol for isolating highly purified CPGs from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) pulp was established. Forty-four proteins were defined as likely comprise the core proteome of CPGs using comparative proteomics analysis. Lipidome analysis of different chromoplast microcompartments revealed that the nonpolar microenvironment within CPGs was modified by 35 triacylglycerides, two sitosterol esters, and one stigmasterol ester. Manipulation of the CPG-localized gene CsELT1 (esterase/lipase/thioesterase) in citrus calli resulted in increased lipids and carotenoids, which is further evidence that the nonpolar microenvironment of CPGs contributes to carotenoid accumulation and storage in the chromoplasts. This multi-feature analysis of CPGs sheds new light on the role of chromoplasts in carotenoid metabolism, paving the way for manipulating carotenoid content in citrus fruit and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Citrus Breeding and Culture, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Yan Y, Wen Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Li X, Wang C, Zhao Y. Metabolome integrated with transcriptome reveals the mechanism of three different color formations in Taxus mairei arils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1330075. [PMID: 38322825 PMCID: PMC10844565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1330075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Maire yew (Taxus mairei), an evergreen conifer, has high ornamental and medicinal value. The arils of this species has three different colors. However, the variation mechanisms of arils color formation remains unclear. Here, the gene expression and metabolite concentration were profiled for red (RTM), yellow (YTM), and purple (PTM) arils in different developmental stages. A total of 266 flavonoids and 35 carotenoids were identified. The predominant pigments identified in YTM were epiafzelechin, lutein, and β-Cryptoxanthin, while malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside and apigenin played crucial roles in PTM. And significant differential expression was observed among the HCT, DFR, LAR, ANS, crtB, NCED, and CCoAOMT genes across different color arils. During the maturation of yellow arils, the upregulation of HCT was strongly correlated with the accumulation of epiafzelechin. The diminished expression of DFR, LAR, and ANS seemed to inhibit the production of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside. The decrease in crtB expression and concurrent increase in NCED expression potentially regulate the heightened accumulation of lutein. Meanwhile, the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin appeared seemed to be positively influenced by NCED. As aril turning purple, the decreased expression of CCoAOMT seemed to facilitate the synthesis of apigenin. The substantial upregulation of DFR promoted the production of malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside. Additionally, the overexpression of MYBs may plays the important role in regulating the formation of different colored arils. In total, 14 genes were selected for qRT-PCR validation, the results indicated the reliability of the transcriptome sequences data. Our findings could provide valuable insight into the molecular breeding, development, and application of Maire yew resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Yan
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yafeng Wen
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingtong Wu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanghui Zhao
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, China
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Pinna N, Ianni F, Selvaggini R, Urbani S, Codini M, Grispoldi L, Cenci-Goga BT, Cossignani L, Blasi F. Valorization of Pumpkin Byproducts: Antioxidant Activity and Carotenoid Characterization of Extracts from Peel and Filaments. Foods 2023; 12:4035. [PMID: 37959154 PMCID: PMC10650554 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) represents an unquestionable source of valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds having a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects. The goal of this work was to characterize the byproducts (peels and filaments) of different pumpkin varieties belonging to C. moschata (Butternut, Lunga di Napoli, Moscata di Provenza, and Violina rugosa) and C. maxima (Delica, Delica vanity, Hokkaido, and Mantovana) species in terms of total carotenoid content, antioxidant activity, and carotenoid profiling. The research revealed that peels and filaments were a good source of β-carotene and other non-esterified carotenoids, as well as esterified carotenoids. Considering the growing market demand for safe and healthy food products, pumpkin byproducts, having also an interesting antioxidant bioactivity, could be useful in the development of novel functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (N.P.); (F.I.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (N.P.); (F.I.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Selvaggini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (R.S.)
| | - Stefania Urbani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (R.S.)
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (N.P.); (F.I.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.T.C.-G.)
| | | | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (N.P.); (F.I.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (N.P.); (F.I.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
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5
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Tandel J, Tandel Y, Kapadia C, Singh S, Gandhi K, Datta R, Singh S, Yirgu A. Nontargeted Metabolite Profiling of the Most Prominent Indian Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Using Different Extraction Methods. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40184-40205. [PMID: 37929128 PMCID: PMC10620928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Aroma has a crucial role in assessing the quality of fresh fruit and its processed versions, which serve as reliable indications for advancing local cultivars in the mango industry. The aroma of mango is attributed to a complex of hundreds of volatile, polar, and nonpolar metabolites belonging to different chemical classes like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, nonterpene hydrocarbons (alkanes), alcohols, esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, lactones, amides, amines, ethers, and many more. This study looked at the volatile, nonpolar, and polar metabolites from 16 mango cultivars to determine their relative quantities and intervarietal changes using hexane, ethanol, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In total, 58 volatile compounds through SPME, 50 nonpolar metabolites from hexane extract, and 52 polar metabolites from ethanol extract were detected from all of the cultivars, belonging to various chemical classes. Through the SPME method, all 16 mango cultivars except Dashehari and Neelum exhibited abundant monoterpenes with maximum concentration in Kesar (91.00%) and minimum in Amrapali (60.66%). However, the abundance of fatty acids and sesquiterpenes was detected in Dashehari (37.91%) and Neelum (74.80%), respectively. In the hexane extract, 23 nonterpene hydrocarbons exhibited abundance in all 16 mango cultivars except Baneshan, with a higher concentration in Dashehari (95.45%) and lower in Ratna (77.63%). The ethanol extraction of 16 mango cultivars showed a higher concentration of esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and amides in Jamadar (52.16%), Dadamio (74.30%), Langra (64.38%), and Kesar (37.10%), respectively. There have been a lot of metabolite variations observed and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on the similarity of various chemical compounds. Cluster analysis revealed the true similarity and pedigree of different mango cultivars, viz., Neeleswari, Dashehari, Neelum, Alphonso, Baneshan, Sonpari, and Neeleshan. They occupied the same cluster during analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal Tandel
- Department
of Fruit Science, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India
| | - Yatin Tandel
- Department
of Fruit Science, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India
| | - Chintan Kapadia
- Aspee
Shakilam Biotechnology Institute, Navsari
Agricultural University, God Dod Road, Athwa Farm, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Susheel Singh
- Food
Quality Testing Laboratory, N. M. College Of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India
| | - Kelvin Gandhi
- Food
Quality Testing Laboratory, N. M. College Of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department
of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department
of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat 384315, India
| | - Abraham Yirgu
- Researcher
II, Central Ethiopia Environment and Forestry Research Centre, P.O. Box 33042 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Jang W, Lee C, Suh HJ, Lee J. β-Carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal contents in processed foods in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1501-1513. [PMID: 37637842 PMCID: PMC10449700 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A robust and rapid HPLC method for β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal analyses in various processed foods was developed. The analysis method was validated for low-fat, moderate-fat, and high-fat food matrices. The two carotenoids were identified by LC-MS/MS. The detection limits for β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal in the three food matrices were 0.08-0.27 µg/g and 0.09-0.18 µg/g, respectively. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were in accordance with the Codex guidelines. The validated method was applied to 57 processed food samples, possibly containing β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal, obtained in Korea. The detected β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal levels in the samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 6.92 µg/g and ND to 1.63 µg/g, respectively. Chocolate and cheese samples had the highest β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal levels, respectively. Notably, several samples with no labeled carotenoid additives contained β-carotene. Moreover, the developed analytical method was compatible with various processed food matrices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01285-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Jang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 South Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 South Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Suh
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460 South Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 South Korea
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7
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Li R, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Jing J, Ge X, Zhao L, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Wen J, Shen J. Xanthophyll esterases in association with fibrillins control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of rapeseed (Brassica juncea). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:285-301. [PMID: 37194444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis, stabilization, and storage of carotenoids are vital processes in plants that collectively contribute to the vibrant colors observed in flowers and fruits. Despite its importance, the carotenoid storage pathway remains poorly understood and lacks thorough characterization. We identified two homologous genes, BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2, belonging to the esterase/lipase/thioesterase (ELT) family of acyltransferases. We showed that BjPCs in association with fibrillin gene BjFBN1b control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of Brassica juncea. Through genetic, high-resolution mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy analyses, we demonstrated that both BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2 can promote the accumulation of esterified xanthophylls, facilitating the formation of carotenoid-enriched plastoglobules (PGs) and ultimately producing yellow pigments in flowers. The elimination of BjPCs led to the redirection of metabolic flux from xanthophyll ester biosynthesis to lipid biosynthesis, resulting in white flowers for B. juncea. Moreover, we genetically verified the function of two fibrillin genes, BjA01.FBN1b and BjB05.FBN1b, in mediating PG formation and demonstrated that xanthophyll esters must be deposited in PGs for stable storage. These findings identified a previously unknown carotenoid storage pathway that is regulated by BjPCs and BjFBN1b, while offering unique opportunities for improving the stability, deposition, and bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinyu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jing Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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8
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Huang J, Qin Y, Xie Z, Wang P, Zhao Z, Huang X, Chen Q, Huang Z, Chen Y, Gao A. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal that the white and yellow mango pulp colors are associated with carotenoid and flavonoid accumulation, and phytohormone signaling. Genomics 2023; 115:110675. [PMID: 37390936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a widely appreciated tropical fruit for its rich color and nutrition. However, knowledge on the molecular basis of color variation is limited. Here, we studied HY3 (yellowish-white pulp) and YX4 (yellow pulp), reaped with 24 h gap from the standard harvesting time. The carotenoids and total flavonoids increased with the advance of harvest time (YX4 > HY34). Transcriptome sequencing showed that higher expressions of the core carotenoid biosynthesis genes and flavonoid biosynthesis genes are correlated to their respective contents. The endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and jasmonic acid contents decreased but abscisic acid and ethylene contents increased with an increase in harvesting time (YX4 > HY34). Similar trends were observed for the corresponding genes. Our results indicate that the color differences are related to carotenoid and flavonoid contents, which in turn are influenced by phytohormone accumulation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Yuling Qin
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Ziliang Xie
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, 325006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Zhichang Zhao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaolou Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Qianfu Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | | | - Yeyuan Chen
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Aiping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China.
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9
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Li M, Wang M, Chen J, Wu J, Xia Z. Sulfur dioxide improves the thermotolerance of maize seedlings by regulating salicylic acid biosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114746. [PMID: 36905845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has become a serious threat to crop growth and yield. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is being verified as a signal molecule in regulating the plant stress response. However, it is unknown whether SO2 plays a significant role in the plant heat stress response (HSR). Herein, maize seedlings were pretreated with various concentrations of SO2 and then kept at 45 °C for heat stress treatment, aiming to study the effect of SO2 pretreatment on HSR in maize by phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical analyses. It was found that SO2 pretreatment greatly improved the thermotolerance of maize seedlings. The SO2-pretreated seedlings showed 30-40% lower ROS accumulation and membrane peroxidation, but 55-110% higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than the distilled water-pretreated seedlings under heat stress. Interestingly, endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels were increased by ∼85% in SO2-pretreated seedlings, as revealed by phytohormone analyses. Furthermore, the SA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol markedly reduced SA levels and attenuated SO2-triggered thermotolerance of maize seedlings. Meanwhile, transcripts of several SA biosynthesis and signaling, and heat stress-responsive genes in SO2-pretreated seedlings were significantly elevated under HS. These data have demonstrated that SO2 pretreatment increased endogenous SA levels, which activated the antioxidant machinery and strengthened the stress defense system, thereby improving the thermotolerance of maize seedlings under HS. Our current study provides a new strategy for mitigating heat stress damage for safe crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jiafa Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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10
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Yang C, Qin J, Xie F, Zhou K, Xi W. Red light-transmittance bagging promotes carotenoid accumulation through xanthophylls esterification during the ripening of blood orange fruit. Food Chem 2023; 404:134578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Yahia EM, de Jesús Ornelas-Paz J, Brecht JK, García-Solís P, Elena Maldonado Celis M. The contribution of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) to human nutrition and health. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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12
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Aburai N, Onda T, Fujii K. Carotenogenesis and carotenoid esterification in biofilms of the microalga Coelastrella rubescens KGU-Y002 in the aerial phase. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Wu J, Fan J, Li Y, Cao K, Chen C, Wang X, Fang W, Zhu G, Wang L. Characterizing of carotenoid diversity in peach fruits affected by the maturation and varieties. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Walliser B, Marinovic S, Kornpointner C, Schlosser C, Abouelnasr M, Hutabarat OS, Haselmair-Gosch C, Molitor C, Stich K, Halbwirth H. The (Bio)chemical Base of Flower Colour in Bidens ferulifolia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101289. [PMID: 35631713 PMCID: PMC9145775 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bidens ferulifolia is a yellow flowering plant, originating from Mexico, which is increasingly popular as an ornamental plant. In the past few years, new colour combinations ranging from pure yellow over yellow-red, white-red, pure white and purple have emerged on the market. We analysed 16 Bidens ferulifolia genotypes to provide insight into the (bio)chemical base underlying the colour formation, which involves flavonoids, anthochlors and carotenoids. In all but purple and white genotypes, anthochlors were the prevalent pigments, primarily derivatives of okanin, a 6′-deoxychalcone carrying an unusual 2′3′4′-hydroxylation pattern in ring A. The presence of a cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenase introducing the additional hydroxyl group in position 3′ of both isoliquiritigenin and butein was demonstrated for the first time. All genotypes accumulate considerable amounts of the flavone luteolin. Red and purple genotypes additionally accumulate cyanidin-type anthocyanins. Acyanic genotypes lack flavanone 3-hydroxylase and/or dihydroflavonol 4-reductase activity, which creates a bottleneck in the anthocyanin pathway. The carotenoid spectrum was analysed in two Bidens genotypes and showed strong variation between the two cultivars. In comparison to anthochlors, carotenoids were present in much lower concentrations. Carotenoid monoesters, as well as diesters, were determined for the first time in B. ferulifolia flower extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Walliser
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Silvija Marinovic
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Christoph Kornpointner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Christopher Schlosser
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Mustafa Abouelnasr
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Olly Sanny Hutabarat
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Christian Haselmair-Gosch
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Christian Molitor
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Karl Stich
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (S.M.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (O.S.H.); (C.H.-G.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Dracocephalum palmatum S. and Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. Originating from Yakutia: A High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approach for the Comprehensive Characterization of Phenolic Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dracocephalum palmatum S. and Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. contain a large number of target analytes, which are biologically active compounds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with an ion trap (tandem mass spectrometry) was used to identify target analytes in extracts of D. palmatum S. and D. ruyschiana L. originating from Yakutia. The results of initial studies revealed the presence of 114 compounds, of which 92 were identified for the first time in the genus Dracocephalum. New identified metabolites belonged to 17 classes, including 16 phenolic acids and their conjugates, 18 flavones, 5 flavonols, 2 flavan-3-ols, 1 flavanone, 2 stilbenes, 10 anthocyanins, 1 condensed tannin, 2 lignans, 6 carotenoids, 3 oxylipins, 2 amino acids, 3 sceletium alkaloids, 3 carboxylic acids, 8 fatty acids, 1 sterol, and 3 terpenes, along with 6 miscellaneous compounds. It was shown that extracts of D. palmatum are richer in the spectrum of polyphenolic compounds compared with extracts of D. ruyschiana, according to a study of the presence of these compounds in extracts, based on the results of mass spectrometric studies.
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16
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Xavier AAO, Mercadante AZ. A guide for the evaluation of in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids. Methods Enzymol 2022; 674:297-327. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Allwood JW, Williams A, Uthe H, van Dam NM, Mur LAJ, Grant MR, Pétriacq P. Unravelling Plant Responses to Stress-The Importance of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:558. [PMID: 34436499 PMCID: PMC8398504 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and an increasing population, present a massive global challenge with respect to environmentally sustainable nutritious food production. Crop yield enhancements, through breeding, are decreasing, whilst agricultural intensification is constrained by emerging, re-emerging, and endemic pests and pathogens, accounting for ~30% of global crop losses, as well as mounting abiotic stress pressures, due to climate change. Metabolomics approaches have previously contributed to our knowledge within the fields of molecular plant pathology and plant-insect interactions. However, these remain incredibly challenging targets, due to the vast diversity in metabolite volatility and polarity, heterogeneous mixtures of pathogen and plant cells, as well as rapid rates of metabolite turn-over. Unravelling the systematic biochemical responses of plants to various individual and combined stresses, involves monitoring signaling compounds, secondary messengers, phytohormones, and defensive and protective chemicals. This demands both targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, as well as a range of enzymatic assays, protein assays, and proteomic and transcriptomic technologies. In this review, we focus upon the technical and biological challenges of measuring the metabolome associated with plant stress. We illustrate the challenges, with relevant examples from bacterial and fungal molecular pathologies, plant-insect interactions, and abiotic and combined stress in the environment. We also discuss future prospects from both the perspective of key innovative metabolomic technologies and their deployment in breeding for stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Alex Williams
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Biosciences, The University of Sheffield Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Henriette Uthe
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Molecular Interaction Ecology Group, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.U.); (N.M.v.D.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Molecular Interaction Ecology Group, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.U.); (N.M.v.D.)
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK;
| | - Murray R. Grant
- Gibbet Hill Campus, School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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18
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Santos JTDC, Petry FC, Tobaruela EDC, Mercadante AZ, Gloria MBA, Costa AM, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Brazilian native passion fruit (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) is a rich source of proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, and dietary fiber. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110521. [PMID: 34399499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora tenuifila is a Brazilian native passion fruit consumed by the local population and is a dietary source of bioactive compounds with potential biological activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of P. tenuifila fruit and its bioactive compounds at two ripening stages. Three batches of fruit were collected at mature-green and ripe stages, and phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and polyamines were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. The fruit is a good source of dietary fiber. Proanthocyanidin dimers are the major phenolic compounds (up to 84%) at both stages, followed by the C-glycosylated luteolin. Lutein and β-carotene are the major carotenoids, contributing up to 50% of total carotenoids. The OPLS-DA segregates the mature-green and ripe fruits, as carotenoids are responsible for this separation. In conclusion, passion fruit can be consumed at both stages of maturation without losses of bioactive compound contents or nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Thiago do Carmo Santos
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Cristina Petry
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Zerlotti Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Abreu Gloria
- Food Biochemistry (LBqA) & Quality Control Laboratory (LCC) Laboratories, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Watanabe T, Yamagaki T, Azuma T, Horikawa M. Distinguishing between isomeric neoxanthin and violaxanthin esters in yellow flower petals using liquid chromatography/photodiode array atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9142. [PMID: 34114690 PMCID: PMC8365631 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Liquid chromatography/photodiode array atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/PDA-APCI-MS) is used for the analysis of various carotenoid pigments in plants. Among them, it is difficult to distinguish between the isomeric violaxanthin/neoxanthin esters. METHODS The yellow pigments of tomato petals were extracted with acetone, and the extracts were kept at -30°C to allow the contaminating triacylglycerols to settle out physically. The supernatants were analyzed using LC/PDA-APCI-MS with a high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometer for their exact masses. The expected carotenoid esters were calculated with the combination of carotenoids and fatty acids, and they were matched with the experimental exact masses. The fatty acid structures in the carotenoid esters were also identified using collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The isomeric violaxanthin/neoxanthin esters were distinguished using CID MS/MS from their in-source dehydrated product ions as pseudoprecursor ions. RESULTS The in-source dehydrated ions [M - H2 O + H]+ of neoxanthin diesters predominated over their protonated molecules [M + H]+ in LC/MS. By contrast, the protonated molecules of violaxanthin diesters predominated. The 92 u loss product ions [M - H2 O - C7 H8 + H]+ were observed from the dehydrated violaxanthin diesters, but they were not generated from the dehydrated neoxanthin diesters in the CID MS/MS of their dehydrated pseudoprecursor ion [M - H2 O + H]+ . CONCLUSIONS The allene allyl carbocation in neoxanthin diesters was generated from dehydration after preferential protonation at the hydroxy group. The epoxide group of violaxanthin diesters opens easily after protonation; however, the dehydration did not proceed at this stage. The 92 u loss of C7 H8 was explained by an intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which proceeded preferentially in dehydrated violaxanthin diesters because the carbocations in the dehydrated species were conjugated to the polyene and those double bonds were depolarized during CID MS/MS. Therefore, the isomeric neoxanthin/violaxanthin diesters were distinguished using LC/PDA-APCI-MS and MS/MS. This method was a practical and useful method of profiling the carotenoid esters of the yellow petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Watanabe
- Bioorganic Research InstituteSuntory Foundation for Life SciencesKyotoJapan
| | - Tohru Yamagaki
- Bioorganic Research InstituteSuntory Foundation for Life SciencesKyotoJapan
| | - Toshiaki Azuma
- Bioorganic Research InstituteSuntory Foundation for Life SciencesKyotoJapan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Bioorganic Research InstituteSuntory Foundation for Life SciencesKyotoJapan
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20
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Singh J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Improved Sample Preparation and Optimized Solvent Extraction for Quantitation of Carotenoids. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:60-67. [PMID: 33420704 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, rapid quantitation of key antioxidants such as carotenoids is important for assessment of food quality. Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments that are susceptible to oxidation due to their highly conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. Therefore, the present work focuses on improving sample preparation to facilitate rapid analysis of carotenoids. The method involves optimized carotenoid extraction followed by direct HPLC analysis without further concentration and redissolution. For extraction, we tested the effect of blending time (1, 3 and 5 min) and 12 different solvent combinations for carotenoid extraction from cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) and oranges (Citrus sinensis), two popular fruits that are high in carotenoids. The identification of carotenoids was performed by LC-APCI-QTOF-HR-MS in positive-ionization mode. In melon, 1 min blending time gave significantly higher β-carotene content with CHCl3: Ace (1:1) solvent. The optimized method was validated with tomato, watermelon, oranges, grapefruit, melon varieties and commercial products such as fruit juices. Among the different melon varieties, Western Shipper had significantly higher β-carotene (25.1 ± 0.4 µg/g) contents. In oranges, β-carotene and (all-E)-lycopene contents were 4.4 ± 0.1and 3.8 ± 0.1 µg/g, respectively. The optimized method has fewer unit operations and is reproducible for the quantitation of carotenoids and their isomers. This is the first report on the identification of ζ-carotene isomers, and lycopene isomers from cantaloupe varieties and lycopene from oranges. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashbir Singh
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Guddadarangavvanahally K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
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Murador DC, De Souza Mesquita LM, Neves BV, Braga AR, Martins PL, Zepka LQ, De Rosso VV. Bioaccessibility and cellular uptake by Caco-2 cells of carotenoids and chlorophylls from orange peels: A comparison between conventional and ionic liquid mediated extractions. Food Chem 2021; 339:127818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Lara-Abia S, Lobo-Rodrigo G, Welti-Chanes J, Cano MP. Carotenoid and Carotenoid Ester Profile and Their Deposition in Plastids in Fruits of New Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) Varieties from the Canary Islands. Foods 2021; 10:434. [PMID: 33671129 PMCID: PMC7921962 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotenoid profile of non-saponified and saponified extracts of different tissues (pulp and peel) of fruits of three new papaya varieties, Sweet Mary, Alicia, and Eksotika, was characterized for the first time, and almost all carotenoid compounds were quantified. Carotenoids and carotenoid esters were analyzed and characterized using HPLC-photo diode array (PDA-MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization with positive ion mode (APCI+) with a C30 reversed-phase column. The carotenoid deposition in collenchyma and chlorenchyma cells of papaya pulp and peel tissues was assessed by optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The most abundant carotenoids in the fruit of the three papaya varieties (pulp and peel) were (all-E)-lycopene (230.0-421.2 µg/100 g fresh weight), (all-E)-β-carotene (120.3-233.2 µg/100 g fresh weight), and (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin laurate (74.4-223.2 µg/100 g fresh weight. Moreover, high concentrations of (all-E)-lutein (922.5-1381.1 µg/100 g fresh weight) and its esters, such as (all-E)-lutein-3-O-myristate and (all-E)-lutein dimyristate, were found in peel extracts. The optical microscopy study of papaya pulps showed that carotenoid deposition in all papaya varieties, including Maradol, was mainly localized close to the cell walls, showing the presence of some crystalloids and round-shaped structures, with different sizes and distribution due to the different carotenoid content among varieties. No crystalloids or globular depositions were found in any of the peel sections, and no remarkable differences were found in the papaya peel microstructure of the different papaya varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lara-Abia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Sciences and Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey 64000, Mexico;
| | - Gloria Lobo-Rodrigo
- Department of Crop Production in Tropical and Subtropical Areas, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), 38270 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- School of Sciences and Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey 64000, Mexico;
| | - M. Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Sciences and Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey 64000, Mexico;
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Wojdyło A, Nowicka P, Tkacz K, Turkiewicz IP. Fruit tree leaves as unconventional and valuable source of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds determined by liquid chromatography-photodiode-quadrupole/time of flight-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-qTof-ESI-MS). Food Chem 2021; 349:129156. [PMID: 33581431 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the identification (by LC-PDA-qTof-ESI-MS) and quantification (by UPLC-PDA) of isoprenoids of the fruit tree leaves (FTL) of commonly consumed fruits: apple, pears, quince, apricot, peach, plums, sweet and sour cherry. The FTL were collected at 2 time points: after tree blooming and after fruit collection. In FTL 7 carotenoids and 16 chlorophylls were identified, but the number of labeled chlorophyll compounds depended on the species. FTL of apple, sour cherry and apricot were identified as the best sources of chlorophylls (mean 404.8, 388.7 and 364.5 mg/100 g dw, respectively) and sweet and sour cherry leaves as the best sources of carotenoids (831.4 and 1162.0 mg/100 g dw, respectively). A lower content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, but not significantly, was detected in leaves after autumn collection of fruits compared to leaves collected after blooming. Fruit tree leaves are good material for isolation of chlorophylls and carotenoids for application in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or in the food industry, e.g. production of beverages or puree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Wojdyło
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Phenolic and Carotenoid Profile of Lamb's Lettuce and Improvement of the Bioactive Content by Preharvest Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010188. [PMID: 33477681 PMCID: PMC7831921 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the phenolic, carotenoid and chlorophyll profile of lamb's lettuce, a vegetable whose consumption in salads and ready-to-eat products is constantly growing. The MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of thirty-five phenolic compounds including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanones, flavanols and flavanones, many of which are reported here in lamb's lettuce for the first time. Chlorogenic acid was the principal phenolic compound found (57.1% of the total phenolic concentration) followed by its isomer cis-5-caffeoylquinic. Other major phenolic compounds were also hydroxycinnamic acids (coumaroylquinic, dicaffeoylquinic and feruloylquinic acids) as well as the flavones luteolin-7-rutinoside, diosmetin-apiosylglucoside and diosmin. Regarding carotenoids, seven xanthophyll and four carotenes, among which β-carotene and lutein were the major compounds, were detected from their UV-Vis absorption spectrum. In addition, chlorophylls a and b, their isomers and derivatives (pheophytin) were identified. Preharvest factors such as reduced fertilization levels or salinity increased some secondary metabolites, highlighting the importance of these factors on the final nutritional value of plant foods. Lamb's lettuce was seen to be a good potential source of bioactive compounds, and fertilization management might be considered a useful tool for increasing its nutritional interest.
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Petry FC, Mercadante AZ. Addition of either gastric lipase or cholesterol esterase to improve both β-cryptoxanthin ester hydrolysis and micellarization during in vitro digestion of fruit pulps. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109691. [PMID: 33233265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the INFOGEST in vitro digestion protocol adapted to carotenoids, the impact of additional rabbit gastric lipase (RGL) on the hydrolysis extent of β-cryptoxanthin esters was evaluated for the first time, and compared with the addition of porcine cholesterol esterase (CEL). Both the modifications increased the hydrolysis of (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin esters from mandarin and peach pulps, although the outcomes were different. Addition of RGL consistently increased the average hydrolysis extent from 55.2% to 59.5% in mandarin pulp and from 22.7% to 48.8% in peach pulp (p < 0.05). The addition of CEL produced lower hydrolysis extents, i.e., 58.5% in mandarin (not statistically significant) and 28.4% in peach (p < 0.05), compared to those obtained with RGL. The hydrolysis extent positively correlated with the carotenoid ester concentration in both matrices. Bioaccessibility values were higher in mandarin pulp (range 32-34%) compared to those in peach pulp (range 16-21%), and were associated with the hydrolysis extent of the carotenoid esters during digestion. Addition of RGL and CEL produced no significant (p < 0.05) effect on the overall carotenoid bioaccessibility values of mandarin, while positively affected those in peach. Altogether these results corroborate that the hydrolysis extent of xanthophyll esters limits bioaccessibility. Additionally, hydrophobicity of the carotenoid inversely correlates with micellarization, as free (all-E)-xanthophylls micellarized in a higher extent compared to (all-E)-β-carotene and xanthophyll esters. The new information of our results is that the addition of rabbit gastric lipase substantially contributes to the hydrolysis of β-cryptoxanthin esters from fruit pulps, and consequently, to increase carotenoid bioaccessibility, being even more effective than CEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane C Petry
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Z Mercadante
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Giuffrida D, Zoccali M, Mondello L. Recent developments in the carotenoid and carotenoid derivatives chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Fratianni A, Adiletta G, Di Matteo M, Panfili G, Niro S, Gentile C, Farina V, Cinquanta L, Corona O. Evolution of Carotenoid Content, Antioxidant Activity and Volatiles Compounds in Dried Mango Fruits ( Mangifera Indica L.). Foods 2020; 9:E1424. [PMID: 33050135 PMCID: PMC7600135 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the evolution of carotenoid compounds, antioxidant β-ctivity, volatiles and sensory quality in two mango cultivars dried at 50, 60 and 70 °C. Total carotenoids in fresh samples were about 12 and 6 mg/100 g (dry basis) in Keitt and Osteen samples, respectively. β-carotene was the main carotenoid, representing about 50% of total carotenoids. In both cultivars, carotenoids were more susceptible to drying at 60 °C. Total phenols and metal reduction activity were higher in Osteen than in Keitt, which had higher values in radical scavenging capacity. The antioxidant activities were best preserved with drying temperatures at 50 °C in Keitt and 60 °C in Osteen fruits. Fresh Osteen mango fruits had a volatile compound content of about 37.1, while Keitt of about 5.2 mg/kg (dry basis). All the compounds with odorous impact were significantly reduced after drying. As regards organoleptic characteristics through sensory analysis, Keitt dried mangoes were quite similar to the fresh product, compared to Osteen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fratianni
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.F.); (G.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Giuseppina Adiletta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Marisa Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Panfili
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.F.); (G.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Serena Niro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.F.); (G.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Carla Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.F.); (L.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Luciano Cinquanta
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.F.); (L.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Onofrio Corona
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.F.); (L.C.); (O.C.)
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Zacarías-García J, Lux PE, Carle R, Schweiggert RM, Steingass CB, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ. Characterization of the Pale Yellow Petal/Xanthophyll Esterase gene family in citrus as candidates for carotenoid esterification in fruits. Food Chem 2020; 342:128322. [PMID: 33092926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In orange-pigmented citrus fruits, the xanthophyll esters are the predominant carotenoids, but their biosynthetic origin is currently unknown. In this work, seven PYP/XES (Pale Yellow Petal/ Xanthophyll esterase) genes were identified in Citrus genomes, but only PYP1-4 and 6 contained the structural domains essential for activity. The PYP/XES expression profiles in sweet orange and in other Citrus species such as lemon, mandarin and pummelo with marked differences in fruit pigmentation and content of xanthophylls esters, showed the upregulation of PYP1,2 and 6 genes during ripening only in orange-pigmented fruits. Moreover, transcript levels of PYP1, 2 and 6 genes in peel and pulp of sweet orange were accompanied by the accumulation of xanthophyll esters during ripening. This work reports for the first time the PYP/XES gene family in Citrus and strongly suggests its involvement in xanthophyll esterification in citrus fruit tissues and its influence in carotenoid accumulation and fruit pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Zacarías-García
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Peter E Lux
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Chair Food Biofunctionality, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Rodrigo
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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Comprehensive GCMS and LC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Chlorella vulgaris. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070367. [PMID: 32709006 PMCID: PMC7404257 DOI: 10.3390/md18070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The commercial cultivation of microalgae began in the 1960s and Chlorella was one of the first target organisms. The species has long been considered a potential source of renewable energy, an alternative for phytoremediation, and more recently, as a growth and immune stimulant. However, Chlorella vulgaris, which is one of the most studied microalga, has never been comprehensively profiled chemically. In the present study, comprehensive profiling of the Chlorella vulgaris metabolome grown under normal culture conditions was carried out, employing tandem LC-MS/MS to profile the ethanolic extract and GC-MS for fatty acid analysis. The fatty acid profile of C. vulgaris was shown to be rich in omega-6, -7, -9, and -13 fatty acids, with omega-6 being the highest, representing more than sixty percent (>60%) of the total fatty acids. This is a clear indication that this species of Chlorella could serve as a good source of nutrition when incorporated in diets. The profile also showed that the main fatty acid composition was that of C16-C18 (>92%), suggesting that it might be a potential candidate for biodiesel production. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed carotenoid constituents comprising violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, vulgaxanthin I, astaxanthin, and antheraxanthin, along with other pigments such as the chlorophylls. In addition to these, amino acids, vitamins, and simple sugars were also profiled, and through mass spectrometry-based molecular networking, 48 phospholipids were putatively identified.
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Etzbach L, Stolle R, Anheuser K, Herdegen V, Schieber A, Weber F. Impact of Different Pasteurization Techniques and Subsequent Ultrasonication on the In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Valencia Orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Juice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E534. [PMID: 32570987 PMCID: PMC7346171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of traditional pasteurization (low pasteurization, conventional pasteurization, hot filling) and alternative pasteurization (pulsed electric fields, high pressure processing), followed by ultrasonication on the carotenoid content, carotenoid profile, and on the in vitro carotenoid bioaccessibility of orange juice were investigated. There was no significant difference in the total carotenoid content between the untreated juice (879.74 µg/100 g juice) and all pasteurized juices. Significantly lower contents of violaxanthin esters were found in the high thermally-treated juices (conventional pasteurization, hot filling) compared to the untreated juice, owing to heat-induced epoxy-furanoid rearrangement. The additional ultrasonication had almost no effects on the carotenoid content and profile of the orange juices. However, the in vitro solubilization and the micellarization efficiency were strongly increased by ultrasound, the latter by approximately 85.3-159.5%. Therefore, among the applied processing techniques, ultrasonication might be a promising technology to enhance the in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and, thus, the nutritional value of orange juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Etzbach
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruth Stolle
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Kerstin Anheuser
- Eckes-Granini Group GmbH, Ludwig-Eckes-Platz 1, D-55268 Nieder-Olm, Germany; (K.A.); (V.H.)
| | - Volker Herdegen
- Eckes-Granini Group GmbH, Ludwig-Eckes-Platz 1, D-55268 Nieder-Olm, Germany; (K.A.); (V.H.)
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
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31
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Wen X, Heller A, Wang K, Han Q, Ni Y, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Carotenogenesis and chromoplast development during ripening of yellow, orange and red colored Physalis fruit. PLANTA 2020; 251:95. [PMID: 32274590 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of specific ultrastructural chromoplastidal elements during ripening of fruits of three different colored Physalis spp. is closely related to their distinct carotenoid profiles. The accumulation of color-determining carotenoids within the chromoplasts of ripening yellow, orange, and red fruit of Physalis pubescens L., Physalis peruviana L., and Physalis alkekengi L., respectively, was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) as well as light and transmission electron microscopy. Both yellow and orange fruit gradually accumulated mainly β-carotene and lutein esters at variable levels, explaining their different colors at full ripeness. Upon commencing β-carotene biosynthesis, large crystals appeared in their chromoplasts, while large filaments protruding from plastoglobules were characteristic elements of chromoplasts of orange fruit. In contrast to yellow and orange fruit, fully ripe red fruit contained almost no β-carotene, but esters of both β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at very high levels. Tubule bundles and unusual disc-like crystallites were predominant carotenoid-bearing elements in red fruit. Our study supports the earlier hypothesis that the predominant carotenoid type might shape the ultrastructural carotenoid deposition form, which is considered important for color, stability and bioavailability of the contained carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Annerose Heller
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kunli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianyun Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80257, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Institute of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
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Petry FC, Mercadante AZ. Bile amount affects both the degree of micellarization and the hydrolysis extent of carotenoid esters during in vitro digestion. Food Funct 2020; 10:8250-8262. [PMID: 31720652 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid esters are present in considerable amounts in most fruits, such as in citrus. Although the bioavailability of carotenoid esters is similar or even higher compared to that of free carotenoids, these molecules are generally detected only in the free form in human plasma, suggesting that hydrolysis of carotenoid esters occurs in vivo. However, the available in vitro digestion methods were not able to achieve satisfactory carotenoid ester hydrolysis so far. As bile salts play an essential role in the hydrolytic action of lipolytic enzymes from pancreatin, we evaluated the effect of increasing the bile extract/food ratio from 0.045 to 0.12 (g g-1) on the hydrolysis of β-cryptoxanthin esters from mandarin pulp during in vitro digestion. Additionally, considering the positive effect of lipids on carotenoid bioavailability, the impact of soybean oil addition on carotenoid ester hydrolysis was studied. Finally, bioaccessibility and recovery of 33 carotenoids were assessed by LC-DAD-MS. The hydrolysis extent of β-cryptoxanthin esters enhanced from 29% to 55% by increasing the bile extract/food ratio, but reduced respectively to 28% and 11% by the addition of 1% and 10% oil (p < 0.05). The bioaccessibility of overall carotenoids improved from 19% to 35% by increasing the bile extract/food ratio, along with that of (all-E)-β-carotene (from 19 to 31%) and total (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin (17% to 49%). Soybean oil addition reduced carotenoid micellarization, regardless of the concentration (p < 0.05). Irrespective of the bile extract amount and oil addition, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids was inversely related to its hydrophobicity, with respect to the following ranking: free xanthophylls > carotenes ≥ xanthophyll esters. Altogether, these results indicate that increasing the bile extract amount is a simple and inexpensive option to improve carotenoid ester hydrolysis in in vitro digestion protocols. Additionally, the constant amounts of bile (and possibly enzymes) of static methods, such as INFOGEST, should be further optimized for experiments involving lipid addition in which carotenoid bioaccessibility is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Cristina Petry
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Tkacz K, Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz IP, Ferreres F, Moreno DA, Nowicka P. UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS profiling of phenolic and carotenoid compounds and their influence on anticholinergic potential for AChE and BuChE inhibition and on-line antioxidant activity of selected Hippophaë rhamnoides L. cultivars. Food Chem 2020; 309:125766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gómez-Maqueo A, Bandino E, Hormaza JI, Cano MP. Characterization and the impact of in vitro simulated digestion on the stability and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and their esters in two Pouteria lucuma varieties. Food Chem 2020; 316:126369. [PMID: 32062233 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lucuma is a starchy orange-yellow fruit native to the Andean region. It is widely consumed in Latin America and has been recently adapted to the agronomical characteristics of the south region of Spain. However, its carotenoid profile has never been reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the carotenoid and carotenoid ester composition of lucuma pulps (var. Molina and Beltran) and assess their bioaccessibility with an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion according to the INFOGEST® methodology. The carotenoid profile in lucuma pulps revealed a high qualitative diversity composed of 33 compounds, corresponding to 9 free xanthophylls, 9 hydrocarbon carotenes and 15 xanthophyll esters. (13Z)-violaxanthin, (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-antheraxanthin were the most abundant carotenoids in lucuma fruits and were naturally present as xanthophyll esters: (all-E)-antheraxanthin 3-O-palmitate, (all-E)-violaxanthin laurate and (all-E)-violaxanthin palmitate. Carotenoids were stable during in vitro digestion; however, their release from the food matrix was limited which contributed to their low bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Maqueo
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Elisa Bandino
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Hormaza
- Departamento de Fruticultura Subtropical. Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora - CSIC-UMA), Ave. Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120613. [PMID: 31816926 PMCID: PMC6943544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compound’s chemical properties, affecting their bioavailability in the human body, and making it important to characterize the native carotenoid composition of food matrices. We aimed to evaluate the non-saponified carotenoid extracts of orange peel (cv. Pera) obtained using alternative green approaches: extraction with ionic liquid (IL), analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS) in an online system. Both alternative green methods were successfully applied, allowing the total identification of five free carotenoids, one apocarotenoid, seven monoesters, and 11 diesters in the extract obtained with IL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and nine free carotenoids, six carotenoids esters, 19 apocarotenoids, and eight apo-esters with the SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS approach, including several free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters identified for the first time in oranges, and particularly in the Pera variety, which could be used as a fruit authenticity parameter.
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Lux PE, Carle R, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ, Schweiggert RM, Steingass CB. Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13164-13175. [PMID: 31665598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The carotenogenesis in the endocarp and flavedo of Navel oranges over four consecutive maturity stages was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-multistage mass spectrometry. After optimization of the extraction method, 77 carotenoids, including 26 monoesters and 33 diesters of violaxanthin, β-citraurin, and antheraxanthin, were characterized. Whereas chloroplast-specific pigments, such as (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-β-carotene, predominated in the flavedo of green-ripe fruit, a highly complex pattern of xanthophyll esters was found in the mature oranges. Total carotenoid contents of flavedo were approximately 9-fold higher [12 605 μg/100 g of fresh weight (FW)] than those in the endocarp (1354 μg/100 g of FW) at the fully mature stage. The mature endocarp abundantly contained violaxanthin mono- and diesters, in addition to diverse antheraxanthin esters, which were exclusively detected in this fruit fraction. Likewise, β-citraurin esters were found to be unique flavedo constituents of mature fruit. Therefore, they may support the detection of fraudulent use of peel fractions during orange juice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lux
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Chair Food Biofunctionality , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 28 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Post Office Box 80257, Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Catedrático Agustin Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - María-Jesús Rodrigo
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Catedrático Agustin Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Straße 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Straße 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
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Maldonado-Celis ME, Yahia EM, Bedoya R, Landázuri P, Loango N, Aguillón J, Restrepo B, Guerrero Ospina JC. Chemical Composition of Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) Fruit: Nutritional and Phytochemical Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1073. [PMID: 31681339 PMCID: PMC6807195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mango fruit has a high nutritional value and health benefits due to important components. The present manuscript is a comprehensive update on the composition of mango fruit, including nutritional and phytochemical compounds, and the changes of these during development and postharvest. Mango components can be grouped into macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty, and organic acids), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and phytochemicals (phenolic, polyphenol, pigments, and volatile constituents). Mango fruit also contains structural carbohydrates such as pectins and cellulose. The major amino acids include lysine, leucine, cysteine, valine, arginine, phenylalanine, and methionine. The lipid composition increases during ripening, particularly the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The most important pigments of mango fruit include chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids. The most important organic acids include malic and citric acids, and they confer the fruit acidity. The volatile constituents are a heterogeneous group with different chemical functions that contribute to the aromatic profile of the fruit. During development and maturity stages occur important biochemical, physiological, and structural changes affecting mainly the nutritional and phytochemical composition, producing softening, and modifying aroma, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. In addition, postharvest handling practices influence total content of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity, and organoleptic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elhadi M. Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Bedoya
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Landázuri
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Nelsy Loango
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Johanny Aguillón
- Escuela Normal Superior del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Restrepo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Juan Camilo Guerrero Ospina
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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Anunciação PC, Giuffrida D, Murador DC, de Paula Filho GX, Dugo G, Pinheiro-Sant’Ana HM. Identification and quantification of the native carotenoid composition in fruits from the Brazilian Amazon by HPLC–DAD–APCI/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Japanese and Bohemian Knotweeds as Sustainable Sources of Carotenoids. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100384. [PMID: 31569417 PMCID: PMC6843863 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica Houtt.) and Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia x bohemica) are invasive alien plant species, causing great global ecological and economic damage. Mechanical excavation of plant material represents an effective containment method, but it is not economically and environmentally sustainable as it produces an excessive amount of waste. Thus, practical uses of these plants are actively being sought. In this study, we explored the carotenoid profiles and carotenoid content of mature (green) and senescing leaves of both knotweeds. Both plants showed similar pigment profiles. By means of high performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometry and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometric detector, 11 carotenoids (and their derivatives) and 4 chlorophylls were identified in green leaves, whereas 16 distinct carotenoids (free carotenoids and xanthophyll esters) were found in senescing leaves. Total carotenoid content in green leaves of Japanese knotweed and Bohemian knotweed (378 and 260 mg of lutein equivalent (LE)/100 g dry weight (DW), respectively) was comparable to that of spinach (384 mg LE/100 g DW), a well-known rich source of carotenoids. A much lower total carotenoid content was found for senescing leaves of Japanese and Bohemian knotweed (67 and 70 mg LE/100 g DW, respectively). Thus, green leaves of both studied knotweeds represent a rich and sustainable natural source of bioactive carotenoids. Exploitation of these invaders for the production of high value-added products should consequently promote their mechanical control.
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Ionic liquid associated with ultrasonic-assisted extraction: A new approach to obtain carotenoids from orange peel. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108653. [PMID: 31732025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new method for carotenoid extraction from orange peel, using ionic liquid (IL) to replace conventional organic solvents, assisted by ultrasound. Four different IL were tested: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([HMIM][Cl]). Response surface methodology was applied in order to optimize the carotenoid extraction conditions, and Amberlite XAD-7HP resin was used to separate the carotenoids from the IL, allowing their recovery. Determination of carotenoids was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MSn). Thermal stability at different temperatures (60 °C and 90 °C) and peroxyl radical scavenging activity of the carotenoid extracts obtained with acetone and IL were evaluated. [BMIM][Cl] was the most effective IL, leading to a total carotenoid content of 32.08 ± 2.05 μg/g, while 7.88 ± 0.59 μg/g of dry matter was obtained by acetone extraction. IL and carotenoid recoveries using XAD-7HP resin were in the range of 59.5-63.8% and 52.2-58.7%, respectively. A carotenoid extract was successfully obtained with IL, finally isolated just by using ethanol, besides being more stable and presenting higher antioxidant activity than that obtained with acetone.
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Galarza JI, Arredondo Vega BO, Villón J, Henríquez V. Deesterification of astaxanthin and intermediate esters from Haematococcus pluvialis subjected to stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 23:e00351. [PMID: 31312607 PMCID: PMC6609789 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest biological source of astaxanthin under unfavorable growing conditions. Many reports have discussed the optimal astaxanthin extraction methods. Free-astaxanthin could be still hindered by microalgae extracts composition or by prolonged extraction times. In this study we evaluated the effect of enzymolysis and saponification deesterification processes of astaxanthin and its carotenoid precursors under high irradiance and nitrogen deprivation stress time conditions. Results showed that cholesterol esterase facilitated astaxanthin deesterification (975.65 μg mg-1 DW) while saponification positively affected zeaxanthin (1038.68 μg mg-1 DW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth I. Galarza
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador
- Corresponding author. http://
| | - Bertha O. Arredondo Vega
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Microalgas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Jimmy Villón
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Vitalia Henríquez
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular. Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Cano MP, Gómez-Maqueo A, Fernández-López R, Welti-Chanes J, García-Cayuela T. Impact of high hydrostatic pressure and thermal treatment on the stability and bioaccessibility of carotenoid and carotenoid esters in astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb, var. Rojo Brillante). Food Res Int 2019; 123:538-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Manzoni Maroneze M, Jacob-Lopes E, Queiroz Zepka L, Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Esterified carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria. Food Chem 2019; 287:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Lu Y, Guo S, Zhang F, Yan H, Qian DW, Wang HQ, Jin L, Duan JA. Comparison of Functional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Lycium barbarum L. Fruits from Different Regions in China. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122228. [PMID: 31207958 PMCID: PMC6632000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (FLB) has been used as medicines and functional foods for more than 2000 years in East Asia. In this study, carotenoid, phenolic, flavonoid, and polysaccharide contents as well as the antioxidant activities of FLB from 13 different regions in China from a total of 78 samples were analyzed. The results showed that total carotenoid contents ranged from 12.93 to 25.35 mg β-carotene equivalents/g DW. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate was the predominant carotenoid (4.260–10.07 mg/g DW) in FLB. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total polysaccharide contents ranged from 6.899 to 8.253 mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW, 3.177 to 6.144 mg rutin equivalents/g DW, and 23.62 to 42.45 mg/g DW, respectively. Rutin content ranged from 0.1812 to 0.4391 mg/g DW, and ferulic acid content ranged from 0.0994 to 0.1726 mg/g DW. All of these FLB could be divided into two clusters with PCA analysis, and both individual carotenoids and total carotenoid contents could be used as markers for regional characterization. The phenolic components were the main substance for the antioxidant activity of FLB. Considering the functional component and antioxidant activities, FLB produced in Guyuan of Ningxia was the closest to Daodi herbs (Zhongwei of Ningxia), which is commercially available high quality FLB. The results of this study could provide guidance for comprehensive applications of FLB production in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyuan Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Ling Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhou H, Yang N. Electroanalysis of soluble solid content in orange juice at intermediate frequency. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Marigold carotenoids: Much more than lutein esters. Food Res Int 2019; 119:653-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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β-Cryptoxanthin Reduces Body Fat and Increases Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020232. [PMID: 30678209 PMCID: PMC6412578 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) is a major dietary pro-vitamin A carotenoid, found mainly in fruits and vegetables. Several studies showed the beneficial effects of BCX on different aspects of human health. In spite of the evidence, the molecular mechanisms of action of BCX need to be further investigated. The Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to analyze in vivo the activity of BCX on fat reduction and protection to oxidative stress. Dose-response assays provided evidence of the efficacy of BCX at very low dose (0.025 µg/mL) (p < 0.001) on these processes. Moreover, a comparative analysis with other carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, showed a stronger effect of BCX. Furthermore, a transcriptomic analysis of wild-type nematodes supplemented with BCX revealed upregulation of the energy metabolism, response to stress, and protein homeostasis as the main metabolic targets of this xanthophyll. Collectively, this study provides new in vivo evidence of the potential therapeutic use of BCX in the prevention of diseases related to metabolic syndrome and aging.
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Effect of thermal treatment on carotenoids, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in juice of orange cv. Cara Cara. Food Chem 2018; 265:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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García JM, Giuffrida D, Dugo P, Mondello L, Osorio C. Development and characterisation of carotenoid-rich microencapsulates from tropical fruit by-products and yellow tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.). POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Montesano D, Rocchetti G, Cossignani L, Lucini L, Simonetti MS, Blasia F. Italian Lycium barbarum L. Berry: Chemical Characterization and Nutraceutical Value. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. has received considerable attention in recent years also in western countries because of the interesting healthy value of these berries. In this paper, goji samples cultivated in Southern Italy were analyzed for their chemical composition and nutritional profile in order to characterize fruits of Italian origin and to increase the awareness about their nutraceutical value. Lipid fraction was characterized by high percentages of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular oleic and linoleic acids, and very low values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes (0.1 and 0.2, respectively). In addition, goji berry was an interesting source of phytosterols (41.5 mg/100 g), essentially represented by β-sitosterol. Carotenoid analysis showed the presence of zeaxanthin, in esterified form, with high content of zeaxanthin dipalmitate (277.9 mg/100 g). Finally, in vitro antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds were investigated. The results suggested that goji hydro-alcoholic extract possessed the ability to scavenge free radicals. Phenolic acids were clearly the most abundant compounds followed by flavonols and favanols. The results reported in this study confirm that Italian L. barbarum berry is a rich source of bioactive molecules with nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Simonetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Frances Blasia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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