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Kwon SH, Ku KB, Le AT, Han GD, Park Y, Kim J, Tuan TT, Chung YS, Mansoor S. Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:322. [PMID: 38172521 PMCID: PMC10764763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit yield is essential for market stability, as it allows businesses to plan for production and distribution. However, yield estimation is a complex and time-consuming process that often requires a large number of field samples to ensure representativeness. To address this challenge, we investigated the optimal altitude for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging to estimate the yield of Citrus unshiu fruit. We captured images from five different altitudes (30 m, 50 m, 70 m, 90 m, and 110 m), and determined that a resolution of approximately 5 pixels/cm is necessary for reliable estimation of fruit size based on the average diameter of C. unshiu fruit (46.7 mm). Additionally, we found that histogram equalization of the images improved fruit count estimation compared to using untreated images. At the images from 30 m height, the normal image estimates fruit numbers as 73, 55, and 88. However, the histogram equalized image estimates 88, 71, 105. The actual number of fruits is 124, 88, and 141. Using a Vegetation Index such as IPCA showed a similar estimation value to histogram equalization, but I1 estimation represents a gap to actual yields. Our results provide a valuable database for future UAV field investigations of citrus fruit yield. Using flying platforms like UAVs can provide a step towards adopting this sort of model spanning ever greater regions at a cheap cost, with this system generating accurate results in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hwa Kwon
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 63607, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bon Ku
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Deok Han
- Department of Practical Arts Education, Cheongju National University of Education, Cheongju, 28690, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosup Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 63607, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 63607, Republic of Korea
| | - Thai Thanh Tuan
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Wen J, Yu Y, Wu J, Cheng L, Cheang WS, Liu W, Fu M. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' at Different Collection Stages Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Foods 2023; 12:3945. [PMID: 37959064 PMCID: PMC10648965 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are essential substances with antioxidant properties and high medicinal value. Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' peel (CRCP) is rich in flavonoids and has numerous health benefits. The different maturity periods of CRCP can affect the flavonoid contents and pharmacological effects. In this study, we successfully performed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolic analysis to compare the metabolites of CRCP at different harvesting periods (Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, and Dec) using a systematic approach. The results revealed the identification of a total of 168 flavonoid metabolites, including 61 flavones, 54 flavonols, 14 flavone C-glycosides, 14 dihydroflavones, 9 flavanones, 8 isoflavones, 3 flavanols, 3 dihydroflavonols, and 2 chalcones. Clustering analysis and PCA were used to separate the CRCP samples collected at different stages. Furthermore, from July to December, the relative contents of isoflavones, dihydroflavones, and dihydroflavonols gradually increased and flavanols gradually decreased over time. The relative content of flavonoid C-glycosides showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, reaching the highest value in August. This study contributes to a better understanding of flavonoid metabolites in CRCP at different harvesting stages and informs their potential future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Jing Wen
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Jijun Wu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Lina Cheng
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Wai-San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China;
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Manqin Fu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
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3
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Lemos da Silva LA, de Athayde AE, Moreira MA, Tizziani T, Gkionis SV, da Silva LV, Biavatti MW, de Moraes ACR, Dos Santos Nascimento MVP, Dalmarco EM, Sandjo LP. Anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregating effects of rangpur in the first trimester of growth: ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry profile and quantification of hesperidin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4151-4161. [PMID: 35000197 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus fruits are a rich source of valuable molecules, and their industrial processing produces bagasses, little explored to generate important by-products. These Citrus residues, including seeds and peels, also contain numerous pharmacologically important substances. To reduce the impact of these Citrus by-products, young, harvested fruits could be used as a functional supplemental food while another part is grown until maturity for industrial production. This study therefore aims to valorize rangpur (Citrus limonia) in the first 3 months of its growth by investigating and comparing its monthly chemical profiles using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) and its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activity. RESULTS Extracts obtained from the fruits harvested in November, December, and January, 2017 and 2018 (L221117, L161217, and L160118) showed different UPLC-ESI-MS profiles. Twenty-five of the 26 detected metabolites were identified as cyclitol, pyrrolidine betaine, aryl propanoyl esters, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, and limonoids. Quantification studies indicated an increased concentration of hesperidin from the younger fruits to the older fruits of the series. L160118 reduced nitrogen oxide (NOx), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels more than other extracts. Their activity followed the same trends as the hesperidin concentration in each fruit. In contrast, the most promising antiplatelet activity was observed with the extracts from the two youngest fruits. This suggests combined effects of the chemical components found in these fruits' extracts. CONCLUSION The extracts obtained from these young fruits showed considerable anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activity. Overall, young rangpur could be used as raw material to produce functional foods without producing any waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layzon A Lemos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda E de Athayde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monalisa A Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Stephanie V Gkionis
- Curso de Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Lucas V da Silva
- Curso de Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina R de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo M Dalmarco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Kim SS, Kim HJ, Park KJ, Kang SB, Park Y, Han SG, Kim M, Song YH, Kim DS. Metabolomic Profiling of Citrus unshiu during Different Stages of Fruit Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070967. [PMID: 35406947 PMCID: PMC9002680 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits undergo significant metabolic profile changes during their development process. However, limited information is available on the changes in the metabolites of Citrus unshiu during fruit development. Here, we analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles in C. unshiu fruit flesh during different stages of fruit development and evaluated their correlations. The TPC and antioxidant activity significantly decreased during fruit development, whereas the TCC increased. The metabolite profiles, including sugars, acidic compounds, amino acids, flavonoids, limonoids, carotenoids, and volatile compounds (mono- and sesquiterpenes), in C. unshiu fruit flesh also changed significantly, and a citrus metabolomic pathway related to fruit development was proposed. Based on the data, C. unshiu fruit development was classified into three groups: Group 1 (Aug. 1), Group 2 (Aug. 31 and Sep. 14), and Group 3 (Oct. 15 and Nov. 16). Although citrus peel was not analyzed and the sensory and functional qualities during fruit development were not investigated, the results of this study will help in our understanding of the changes in chemical profile during citrus fruit development. This can provide vital information for various applications in the C. unshiu industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Suk Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Kyung Jin Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Seok Beom Kang
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - YoSup Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Seong-Gab Han
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Misun Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Yeong Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Dong-Shin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2555
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Bureš MS, Maslov Bandić L, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K. Determination of Bioactive Components in Mandarin Fruits: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1489-1514. [PMID: 35157545 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2035209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been a continuous rise in the consumption of fresh easy-to-peel mandarins. However, the majority of the knowledge comes from other citrus fruit, like orange, while there are relatively few studies about mandarins and no comprehensive research on literature data about them. One of the most important steps in the analytical process is sample preparation. Its value is evident in analyzing the samples with complex matrices, such as in mandarin fruit. In addition, mandarin contains hundreds to thousands of various compounds and metabolites, some of them present in extremely low concentrations, that interfere with the detection of one another. Hence, mandarin samples are commonly pretreated by extraction to facilitate analysis of bioactive compounds, improve accuracy and quantification levels. There is an abundance of extraction techniques available, depending on the group of compounds of interest. Finally, modern analytical techniques, have been applied to cope with numerous bioactive compounds in mandarins. Considering all the above, this review aims to (i) list the most valuable procedures of sample preparation, (ii) highlight the most important techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from mandarin fruit, and (iii) summarize current trends in the identification and determination of bioactive compounds in mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luna Maslov Bandić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Alam F, Mohammadin K, Shafique Z, Amjad ST, Asad MHHB. Citrus flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:1417-1441. [PMID: 34626134 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The plants Rutaceae family are known to have contributed a lot toward food and medicine. The most important metabolites of the family are flavonoids. A systematic review was conducted to collect chemical and pharmacological information of flavonoids isolated from family Rutaceae till 2018. A plethora of flavonoids have been isolated and studied systematically for various bioactivities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, in bronchitis, ulcers, and so on. The important groups of flavonoids isolated are naringin, poncirin, rhoifolin, marmesin, hesperidin, tangeretin, nobiletin, glychalcone, glyflavanone, lemairone, acacetin 3,6-di-C-glucoside, vicenin-2, lucenin-2 4'-methyl ether, narirutin 4'-O-glucoside, apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, rutin, rhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, dihydrokaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (engeletin) and kaempferol, excavaside A and B, myricetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside, myricetin 3,3'-di-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3'-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and others. The flavonoids isolated from the citrus family need to be considered from a nutraceutical, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical point of view for future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Mohammadin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Shafique
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayyeda Tayyeba Amjad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Lu X, Zhao C, Shi H, Liao Y, Xu F, Du H, Xiao H, Zheng J. Nutrients and bioactives in citrus fruits: Different citrus varieties, fruit parts, and growth stages. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2018-2041. [PMID: 34609268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1969891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are consumed in large quantities worldwide due to their attractive aromas and taste, as well as their high nutritional values and various health-promoting effects, which are due to their abundance of nutrients and bioactives. In addition to water, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers are important nutrients in citrus, providing them with high nutritional values. Citrus fruits are also rich in various bioactives such as flavonoids, essential oils, carotenoids, limonoids, and synephrines, which protect from various ailments, including cancer and inflammatory, digestive, and cardiovascular diseases. The composition and content of nutrients and bioactives differ significantly among citrus varieties, fruit parts, and growth stages. To better understand the nutrient and bioactive profiles of citrus fruits and provide guidance for the utilization of high-value citrus resources, this review systematically summarizes the nutrients and bioactives in citrus fruit, including their contents, structural characteristics, and potential health benefits. We also explore the composition variation in different citrus varieties, fruits parts, and growth stages, as well as their health-promoting effects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of science and technology catalyze, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcheng Liao
- Department of science and technology catalyze, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of science and technology catalyze, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vu TO, Tran PT, Seo W, Lee JH, Min BS, Kim JA. Flavonoids from the peels of Citrus unshiu Markov. and their inhibitory effects on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through the downregulation of c-Fos signaling in vitro. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104613. [PMID: 33485103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Citrus unshiu peels led to the isolation of eight new flavonols (7-9, 11-15) and sixteen known compounds (1-6, 10, 16-24). Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis (1D, 2D NMR, and HR-MS). Besides, all isolated compounds (1-24) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on receptor activator of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in BMMs. Among them, dimethylmikanin (1), quercetogetin (2), 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (3), 3-methoxynobiletin (4) showed a significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation at a concentration of 10 μM. Moreover, 3-methoxynobiletin (4) suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the number of osteoclasts and osteoclast actin-ring formation in a dose-dependent manner without causing any cytotoxic effects on BMMs. At the molecular level, 3-methoxynobiletin (4) inhibited RANKL-induced c-Fos expression and subsequently NFATc1 activation, as well as the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes c-Src and CtsK. These findings suggested that 3-methoxynobiletin (4) attenuated osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting RANKL-mediated c-Fos signaling and that it may have therapeutic potential for treating or preventing bone resorption-related diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Oanh Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Zhu C, Zhou X, Long C, Du Y, Li J, Yue J, Pan S. Variations of Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidant Properties among Different Cultivars, Fruit Tissues and Developmental Stages of Citrus Fruits. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900690. [PMID: 32311206 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A large number of biologically active compounds are present in ripe citrus fruits. However, few studies have been focused on the changes in flavonoids and the evolution of antioxidant activity during citrus fruit growth. In this study, fruits of five citrus cultivars cultivated in China were sampled at 60-210 days post-anthesis (DPA) at intervals of 30 days. The amounts of main flavonoids in the peel and pulp were analyzed by HPLC and their activities were studied by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The results showed that the contents of hesperidin, diosmin, eriodictyol, rutin and nobiletin increased before 90 DPA and then decreased with the growth and development of fruits, but an opposite tendency was observed for naringin and narirutin. The antioxidant activities in citrus peel and pulp were found to be significantly correlated with some flavonoids. The results may be of guiding values in citrus production and utilization of citrus fruit by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changqin Road, Ruili, 678600, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Xianyan Zhou
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changqin Road, Ruili, 678600, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Chunrui Long
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changqin Road, Ruili, 678600, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Du
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changqin Road, Ruili, 678600, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jinxue Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changqin Road, Ruili, 678600, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Yue
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changqin Road, Ruili, 678600, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Food, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
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10
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An JP, Ha TKQ, Kim HW, Ryu B, Kim J, Park J, Lee CH, Oh WK. Eudesmane Glycosides from Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Common Ragweed) as Potential Neuroprotective Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1128-1138. [PMID: 31009220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain results in neuronal cell death and is one of the major causes of dementia. Because the current therapeutic agents are not yet sufficiently effective or safe, there have been attempts to find new neuroprotective chemicals against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. A 70% EtOH extract of whole plants of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) was selected after the screening of a natural extract library. Seven new eudesmane-type glycosides (1-7) and seven known compounds (8-14) were obtained through bioactivity-guided fractionation from the aerial parts of this plant. Their structures were determined on the basis of their nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 14 showed protective effects against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in Aβ42-transfected HT22 cells. The most active compounds, 5 and 6, exhibited moderate protective activity dose-dependently (10, 20, and 40 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology , Yonsei University , Wonju 220-100 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Cho HM, Ha TKQ, Dang LH, Pham HTT, Tran VO, Huh J, An JP, Oh WK. Prenylated Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Sabia limoniacea and Their Antiviral Activities against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:702-713. [PMID: 30888811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a serious swine epidemic, has been rampant in Asia since the 1990s. Despite the widespread use of PEDV vaccines, the occurrence of PEDV variants requires the discovery of new substances that inhibit these viruses. During a search for PEDV inhibitory materials from natural sources, seven new sabphenosides (1-7) and a new flavonoid (8), as well as eight known phenolic compounds (9-16), were obtained from the leaves of Sabia limoniacea. The structural determination of the new phenolic derivatives (1-8) was accomplished using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Their absolute configurations were assigned by a combination of the ECD exciton chirality method following selective reduction and calculation of their ECD spectra. The bioactivities of the isolated compounds were measured based on their abilities to inhibit viral replication of PEDV. Among the test compounds, 15 and 16 exhibited the most promising antiviral activities, with IC50 values of 7.5 ± 0.7 μM and 8.0 ± 2.5 μM against PEDV replication. This study suggests that compounds 15 and 16 could serve as new scaffolds for the treatment of PEDV infection through the inhibition of PEDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Kim-Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Lan-Huong Dang
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Thanh-Tung Pham
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Van-On Tran
- Department of Botany , Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Jungmoo Huh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Yu JS, Lee JY, Choi SU, Lee J, Kim KH. Cytotoxic Withanolides from the Roots of Indian Ginseng ( Withania somnifera). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:765-773. [PMID: 30776236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera, commonly known as "Indian ginseng" or "ashwagandha", is popular as a functional food because of its diverse purported therapeutic efficacies including invigorating, improvement of cognitive ability, and stress release activities. Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of W. somnifera roots combined with LC/MS-based analysis resulted in the identification of six new withanolides, withasilolides A-F (1-6), as well as seven known compounds (7-13). The structures of the new compounds were established by application of spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and ECD measurements. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against four human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, and withanone (11) each showed cytotoxicity for one or more of the four cancer cell lines used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sil Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Deajeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Deajeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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13
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Narirutin produces antidepressant-like effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model. Neuroreport 2019; 29:1264-1268. [PMID: 30028378 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a highly debilitating and life-threatening mental disorder, which is accompanied by dysregulation of the peripheral and central immune system. Narirutin (NR), which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, is one of the active constituents isolated from Citrus unshiu. However, its potential antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects are poorly understood. The present study was aimed to investigate whether NR confers an antidepressant-like effect in mice exposed to a chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. The results showed that NR treatment for 1 week significantly alleviated the depressive-like behaviours of CMS-exposed mice, as indicated by restored decreased sucrose preference and shortened floating time in the forced swimming test. Moreover, NR treatment significantly blocked the CMS-induced anxiety-like behaviors, including increased time spent in the central zone in the open field test, and shortened the latency to feeding in the novelty suppressed feeding test. Taken together, our findings suggested that NR exerted potential antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects in CMS mice model of depression, which support further exploration into developing NR as a novel agent to treat depression and even other stress-related disorders.
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Bang S, Song JH, Lee D, Lee C, Kim S, Kang KS, Lee JH, Shim SH. Neuroprotective Secondary Metabolite Produced by an Endophytic Fungus, Neosartorya fischeri JS0553, Isolated from Glehnia littoralis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1831-1838. [PMID: 30742443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Roots of Glehnia littoralis have been used to heal stroke as a traditional medicine. Even though many studies on this plant have been conducted, the secondary metabolites produced by its endophytes and their bioactivities have not been investigated thus far. Therefore, a new meroditerpenoid named sartorypyrone E (1) and eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from extracts of cultured Neosartorya fischeri JS0553, an endophyte of G. littoralis. The isolated metabolites were identified using spectroscopic methods and chemical reaction, based on a comparison to literature data. Relative and absolute stereochemistries of compound 1 were also elucidated. To identify the protective effects of isolated compounds (1-9) in HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, we assessed inhibition of cell death, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. Among the isolates, compound 8, identified as fischerin, showed significant neuroprotective activity on glutamate-mediated HT22 cell death through inhibition of ROS, Ca2+ influx, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38. The results suggested that the metabolites produced by the endophyte N. fischeri JS0553 might be related to the neuroprotective activity of its host plant, G. littoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Bang
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center , Duksung Women's University , Seoul 01369 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- College of Korean Medicine , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center , Duksung Women's University , Seoul 01369 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- Biological Resources Assessment Division , National Institute of Biological Resources , Incheon 22689 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science , CHA University , Pocheon 13488 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center , Duksung Women's University , Seoul 01369 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Variation in limonin and nomilin content in citrus fruits of eight varieties determined by modified HPLC. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:641-647. [PMID: 31093421 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The nomilin and limonin content in citrus fruits of different varieties was determined at fruit growth and maturation stages by HPLC. The results showed that the two limonoids can be separated, identified, and quantified in citrus fruits within 10 min by the developed method. The method exhibited good precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery rate. The content of limonin and nomilin in most citrus fruits presented an increasing trend initially, and then decreased during fruit growth and maturation; a peak was observed at the young fruit or fruit expansion stage. The dropped fruits also contained some amount of limonoids, suggesting their industrial application. The variation and cluster analyses results revealed that the orange varieties contained the highest amount of limonoids at the mature stage. The results of this study will enable better use of citrus limonoids.
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Bioactivity-based analysis and chemical characterization of anti-inflammatory compounds from Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:26-32. [PMID: 30267971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is not only a self-defense response of the innate immune system, but also the pathogenesis mechanism of multiple diseases such as arthritis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), an indigenous plant of India, has been used traditionally in Ayurveda and folk medicine. As part of our ongoing efforts to screen traditional medicinal plants exhibiting pharmacological potential and to characterize the compounds involved, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the MeOH extract of C. zedoaria rhizomes using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and found that MeOH extract inhibited the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 23.44 ± 0.77 μg/mL). In our efforts to characterize the compounds responsible for these anti-inflammatory effects, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract and chemical investigation of its active hexane-soluble fraction led to the successful isolation of five sesquiterpenes (1-5), the structures of which were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic analysis and LC/MS analysis. Among them, curcuzedoalide (5) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on NO synthesis (IC50: 12.21 ± 1.67 μM) and also suppressed pre-inflammatory protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Curcuzedoalide (5) was thus determined to be a contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of C. zedoaria rhizomes and could be a potential candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Lee TK, Park JY, Yu JS, Jang TS, Oh ST, Pang C, Ko YJ, Kang KS, Kim KH. 7α,15-Dihydroxydehydroabietic acid from Pinus koraiensis inhibits the promotion of angiogenesis through downregulation of VEGF, p-Akt and p-ERK in HUVECs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1084-1089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zhao XJ, Xing TT, Li YF, Jiao BN, Jiang D. Efficient analysis of phytochemical constituents in the peel of Chinese wild citrus Mangshanju (Citrus reticulata
Blanco) by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1947-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Bi Ning Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
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Kikuchi T, Ueno Y, Hamada Y, Furukawa C, Fujimoto T, Yamada T, Tanaka R. Five New Limonoids from Peels of Satsuma Orange (Citrus reticulata). Molecules 2017; 22:E907. [PMID: 28561764 PMCID: PMC6152666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new: 21,23-dihydro-21-hydroxy-23-oxonomilin (1), 21,23-dihydro-23-methoxy-21-oxonomilin (2), 21,23-dihydro-21-hydroxy-23-oxonomilinic acid methyl ester (3), 21,23-dihydro-23-methoxy-21-oxolimonin (4), and 21,23-dihydro-21-oxolimonin (5), and seven known limonoids were isolated from peels of satsuma orange (Citrus reticulata). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on macrophage activation by an inhibitory assay of nitric oxide (NO) production. Among them, compound (2) exhibited NO inhibitory activity without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Ueno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Yoshino Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Chika Furukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Takako Fujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
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Akihisa T, Nishimoto Y, Ogihara E, Matsumoto M, Zhang J, Abe M. Nitric Oxide Production-Inhibitory Activity of Limonoids fromAzadirachta indicaandMelia azedarach. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Akihisa
- Research Institute for Science & Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Akihisa Medical Clinic; 1086-3 Kamo Sanda-shi Hyogo 669-1311 Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimoto
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Eri Ogihara
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsumoto
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Masahiko Abe
- Research Institute for Science & Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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Baba S, Ueno Y, Kikuchi T, Tanaka R, Fujimori K. A Limonoid Kihadanin B from Immature Citrus unshiu Peels Suppresses Adipogenesis through Repression of the Akt-FOXO1-PPARγ Axis in Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9607-9615. [PMID: 27977180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Citrus limonoids are secondary metabolites and exhibit a variety of biological activities. In this study, we elucidated the suppression of adipogenesis by a Citrus limonoid kihadanin B and determined its molecular mechanism in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Kihadanin B was purified from the peels of immature Citrus unshiu by HPLC, and its chemical structure was determined by NMR and mass spectrometry. Kihadanin B reduced the lipid accumulation with the reduction of the expression levels of the adipogenic and lipogenic genes, but did not affect lipolysis in adipocytes. Phosphorylation levels of Akt and a forkhead transcriptional factor, FOXO1, a repressor of PPARγ, were lowered by kihadanin B. Furthermore, kihadanin B increased the binding level of FOXO1 to the PPARγ gene promoter in adipocytes. These results indicate that a Citrus limonoid kihadanin B repressed the adipogenesis by decreasing lipid accumulation through the suppression of the Akt-FOXO1-PPARγ axis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Baba
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ueno
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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