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Zhang Q, Li J, Chen H, Xuan X, Xu D, Wen Y. Mechanisms Underlying Allelopathic Disturbance of Herbicide Imazethapyr on Wheat and Its Neighboring Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3445-3455. [PMID: 38325393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As representatives of allelopathy, weeds consistently coexist with crops, exhibiting mutual growth inhibition. At the same time, herbicides are usually employed to control weeds. However, few studies have investigated how herbicides will affect allelopathy between crops and their neighboring weeds. Our findings suggested that allelopathic-induced phenotypic variations in ryegrass were reduced in the presence of the herbicide imazethapyr (IM), consistent with the antioxidant system analysis results. Additionally, IM affected the levels of allelochemical hydroxamic acid (Hx) in both plants. Hydroponic experiments revealed that this impact was due to the accelerated transportation of Hx from wheat to ryegrass, driven by ryegrass-secreted jasmonic acid. This study holds paramount significance for comprehending the effects of herbicides on the allelopathic interactions between nontargeted crops and neighboring weeds, contributing to an enhanced understanding of herbicides on plant species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuan Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Sutour S, Doan VC, Mateo P, Züst T, Hartmann ER, Glauser G, Robert CAM. Isolation and Structure Determination of Drought-Induced Multihexose Benzoxazinoids from Maize ( Zea mays). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3427-3435. [PMID: 38336361 PMCID: PMC10885146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXDs) are plant specialized metabolites exerting a pivotal role in plant nutrition, allelopathy, and defenses. Multihexose benzoxazinoids were previously observed in cereal-based food products such as whole-grain bread. However, their production in plants and exact structure have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that drought induced the production of di-, tri-, and even tetrahexose BXDs in maize roots and leaves. We performed an extensive nuclear magnetic resonance study and elucidated the nature and linkage of the sugar units, which were identified as gentiobiose units β-linked (1″ → 6') for the dihexoses and (1″ → 6')/(1‴ → 6″) for the trihexoses. Drought induced the production of DIMBOA-2Glc, DIMBOA-3Glc, HMBOA-2Glc, HMBOA-3Glc, and HDMBOA-2Glc. The induction was common among several maize lines and the strongest in seven-day-old seedlings. This work provides ground to further characterize the BXD synthetic pathway, its relevance in maize-environment interactions, and its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sutour
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Van Cong Doan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Plant Physiology Unit, The Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology of the University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Züst
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Bhattarai B, Steffensen SK, Gregersen PL, Kristensen HL, Fomsgaard IS. Stepwise mass spectrometry-based approach for confirming the presence of benzoxazinoids in herbs and vegetables. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:283-297. [PMID: 32688439 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are plant phytochemicals that have both defensive properties in plants and therapeutic effects in humans. The presence of BXs has been largely studied in the Poaceae family (monocots). To study the presence or absence of BXs in dicotyledons and monocotyledons outside the Poaceae family, parts of 24 plant species at several growth stages were selected for analysis, some of which were already known to contain BXs. OBJECTIVES To devise a stepwise mass spectrometry-based approach for confirming the presence of BXs in plant samples, and to use the method to explore the status of BXs in selected plant species. EXPERIMENTAL Plant samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction and analysed using triple-quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The use of different columns, double mass transitions, and ion ratios proved to be a robust tool for confirming the presence of BXs in different plant species. By this method, the presence of BXs was confirmed in three of the 24 species. Double-hexose forms of BXs, which have not been reported before in dicotyledons, were confirmed to be present in the dicotyledon plants Acanthus mollis and Lamium galeobdolon, and the presence of BXs in the seeds of Consolida orientalis is reported for the first time here. High concentrations of BXs were found in the aerial parts of Acanthus mollis and Lamium galeobdolon, at 20 and 32 μmol/g plant dry weight, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The stepwise approach described in this work confirmed the presence of BXs in new samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Bhattarai
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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Kudjordjie EN, Sapkota R, Steffensen SK, Fomsgaard IS, Nicolaisen M. Maize synthesized benzoxazinoids affect the host associated microbiome. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:59. [PMID: 30975184 PMCID: PMC6460791 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants actively shape their associated microbial communities by synthesizing bio-active substances. Plant secondary metabolites are known for their signaling and plant defense functions, yet little is known about their overall effect on the plant microbiome. In this work, we studied the effects of benzoxazinoids (BXs), a group of secondary metabolites present in maize, on the host-associated microbial structure. Using BX knock-out mutants and their W22 parental lines, we employed 16S and ITS2 rRNA gene amplicon analysis to characterize the maize microbiome at early growth stages. RESULTS Rhizo-box experiment showed that BXs affected microbial communities not only in roots and shoots, but also in the rhizosphere. Fungal richness in roots was more affected by BXs than root bacterial richness. Maize genotype (BX mutants and their parental lines) as well as plant age explained both fungal and bacterial community structure. Genotypic effect on microbial communities was stronger in roots than in rhizosphere. Diverse, but specific, microbial taxa were affected by BX in both roots and shoots, for instance, many plant pathogens were negatively correlated to BX content. In addition, a co-occurrence analysis of the root microbiome revealed that BXs affected specific groups of the microbiome. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the role of BXs for microbial community assembly in the rhizosphere and in roots and shoots. Coupling the quantification of BX metabolites with bacterial and fungal communities, we were able to suggest a gatekeeper role of BX by showing its correlation with specific microbial taxa and thus providing insights into effects on specific fungal and bacterial taxa in maize roots and shoots. Root microbial co-occurrence networks revealed that BXs affect specific microbial clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Stine K. Steffensen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S. Fomsgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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de Bruijn WJC, Gruppen H, Vincken JP. Structure and biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids: Plant defence metabolites with potential as antimicrobial scaffolds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:233-243. [PMID: 30218957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids, comprising the classes of benzoxazinones and benzoxazolinones, are a set of specialised metabolites produced by the plant family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), and some dicots. The family Poaceae in particular contains several important crops like maize and wheat. Benzoxazinoids play a role in allelopathy and as defence compounds against (micro)biological threats. The effectivity of benzoxazinones in these functionalities is largely imposed by the subclasses (determined by N substituent). In this review, we provide an overview of all currently known natural benzoxazinoids and a summary of the current state of knowledge of their biosynthesis. We also evaluated their antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values reported in literature. Monomeric natural benzoxazinoids seem to lack potency as antimicrobial agents. The 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one backbone, however, has been shown to be a potential scaffold for designing new antimicrobial compounds. This has been demonstrated by a number of studies that report potent activity of synthetic derivatives of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, which possess MIC values down to 6.25 μg mL-1 against pathogenic fungi (e.g. C. albicans) and 16 μg mL-1 against bacteria (e.g. S. aureus and E. coli). Observations on the structural requirements for allelopathy, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activity suggest that they are not necessarily conferred by similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhou S, Richter A, Jander G. Beyond Defense: Multiple Functions of Benzoxazinoids in Maize Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1528-1537. [PMID: 29584935 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are a class of indole-derived plant metabolites that function in defense against numerous pests and pathogens. Due to their abundance in maize (Zea mays) and other important cereal crops, benzoxazinoids have been the subject of extensive research for >50 years. Whereas benzoxazinoids can account for 1% or more of the dry weight in young seedlings constitutively, their accumulation in older plants is induced locally by pest and pathogen attack. Although the biosynthetic pathways for most maize benzoxazinoids have been identified, unanswered questions remain about the developmental and defense-induced regulation of benzoxazinoid metabolism. Recent research shows that, in addition to their central role in the maize chemical defense repertoire, benzoxazinoids may have important functions in regulating other defense responses, flowering time, auxin metabolism, iron uptake and perhaps aluminum tolerance. Investigation of natural variation in maize benzoxazinoid accumulation, which is greatly facilitated by recent genomics advances, will have a major impact in this research area by leading to the discovery of previously unknown genes and functions of benzoxazinoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Zhou
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Annett Richter
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
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