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Liu L, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhang X, Cao L, Wu Y, Han Y, Lin G, Wei L, Fang Y, Sferra TJ, Jafri A, Liu H, Li L, Shen A. Therapeutic potential of Pien Tze Huang in colitis-associated colorectal cancer: mechanistic insights from a mouse model. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:250. [PMID: 39020410 PMCID: PMC11256454 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, is recognized for its therapeutic effect on colitis and colorectal cancer. However, its protective role and underlying mechanism in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remain to be elucidated. METHODS A CAC mouse model was established using AOM/DSS. Twenty mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5/group): Control, PZH, AOM/DSS, and AOM/DSS + PZH groups. Mice in the PZH and AOM/DSS + PZH group were orally administered PZH (250 mg/kg/d) from the first day of experiment, while the control and AOM/DSS group received an equivalent volume of distilled water. Parameters such as body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon weight, colon length, colon histomorphology, intestinal tumor formation, serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis in colon tissue were assessed. RNA sequencing was employed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in colonic tissues and related signaling pathways. Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway-Related genes in colon tissue were detected by QPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS PZH significantly attenuated AOM/DSS-induced weight loss, DAI elevation, colonic weight gain, colon shortening, histological damage, and intestinal tumor formation in mice. PZH also notably decreased serum concentration of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, PZH inhibited cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in tumor tissues. RNA-seq and KEGG analysis revealed key pathways influenced by PZH, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. IHC staining confirmed that PZH suppressed the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc in colonic tissues. CONCLUSIONS PZH ameliorates AOM/DSS-induced CAC in mice by suppressing the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Liu
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liujing Cao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yulun Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuying Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guosheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anjum Jafri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Histology Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Huixin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li Li
- Shengli Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Department of Health Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Aling Shen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Alrouji M, Yasmin S, Alhumaydhi FA, Sharaf SE, Shahwan M, Furkan M, Khan RH, Shamsi A. Comprehensive spectroscopic and computational insight into the binding of vanillin with human transferrin: targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1397332. [PMID: 38799161 PMCID: PMC11116798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1397332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In present times, vanillin stands out as a promising therapeutic molecule that can be implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), notably Alzheimer's disease (AD). This can be attributed to the highly potent scavenging activity of vanillin against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress leads to generation of ROS that serves a critical role in AD's pathological progression. It is apparent from various studies that diets rich in polyphenols prevent oxidative stress associated with AD development, implying the crucial role of vanillin in AD therapeutics. It is crucial to maintain iron balance to manage AD associated oxidative stress, unveiling the significance of human transferrin (hTf) that maintains iron homeostasis. Here, we have performed an integrated study of spectroscopic and computational approaches to get insight into the binding mechanism of vanillin with hTf. In the preliminary study, molecular docking deciphered that vanillin primarily occupies the hTf binding pocket, forming multiple interactions with its key residues. Moreover, the binding mechanism was evaluated at an atomistic level employing comprehensive molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. MD analysis demonstrated that binding of vanillin to hTf stabilizes its structure, without inducing any significant alterations in its native conformation. The docked complex was maintained throughout the simulations without changing its original conformation. Essential dynamics analysis further confirms that hTf achieved a stable conformation with vanillin. The outcomes were further supplemented by fluorescence spectroscopy which confirms the formation of stable hTf-vanillin complex. Taken together, the current study unveils the interaction mechanism of vanillin with hTf and providing a platform to use vanillin in AD therapeutics in the context of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharaf E. Sharaf
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Furkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Shi A, Liu L, Li S, Qi B. Natural products targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer: overview. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:6. [PMID: 38193944 PMCID: PMC10776710 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article summarizes natural products that target the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer therapy. The classification, chemical structures, and anti-cancer mechanisms of these natural products are elucidated, and comprehensive information is provided on their potential use in cancer therapy. METHODS Using the PubMed database, we searched for keywords, including "tumor", "cancer", "natural product", "phytochemistry", "plant chemical components", and "MAPK-signaling pathway". We also screened for compounds with well-defined structures that targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway and have anti-cancer effects. We used Kingdraw software and Adobe Photoshop software to draw the chemical compound structural diagrams. RESULTS A total of 131 papers were searched, from which 85 compounds with well-defined structures were selected. These compounds have clear mechanisms for targeting cancer treatment and are mainly related to the MAPK-signaling pathway. Examples include eupatilin, carvacrol, oridonin, sophoridine, diosgenin, and juglone. These chemical components are classified as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroidal saponins, and quinones. CONCLUSIONS Certain MAPK pathway inhibitors have been used for clinical treatment. However, the clinical feedback has not been promising because of genomic instability, drug resistance, and side effects. Natural products have few side effects, good medicinal efficacy, a wide range of sources, individual heterogeneity of biological activity, and are capable of treating disease from multiple targets. These characteristics make natural products promising drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Shi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Iannuzzi C, Liccardo M, Sirangelo I. Overview of the Role of Vanillin in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropathophysiological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031817. [PMID: 36768141 PMCID: PMC9915872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, bioactive natural products play key roles in drug development due to their safety profile and strong antioxidant power. Vanillin is a natural phenolic compound found in several vanilla beans and widely used for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Besides its industrial applications, vanillin possesses several beneficial effects for human health, such as antioxidant activity in addition to anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-metastatic, and anti-depressant properties. Moreover, vanillin exhibits neuroprotective effects on multiple neurological disorders and neuropathophysiological conditions. This study reviews the mechanisms of action by which vanillin prevents neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo systems, in order to provide the latest views on the beneficial properties of this molecule in chronic neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathophysiological conditions.
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Gou J, Guo Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhu R, Dang Y, Liu N, Chen M, Chen X. Process optimization of vanillin production by conversion of ferulic acid by Bacillus megaterium. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6047-6061. [PMID: 35462414 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanillin is an important flavoring and aromatic ingredient found mainly in the pods of the tropical plant vanilla and is widely used in the food industry. Attempts have been made to produce vanillin from ferulic acid esters in agricultural residues of wheat bran. RESULTS The results showed that a strain with high tolerance to the substrate ferulic acid was isolated and screened from soil and identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus megaterium). The concentration of vanillin produced by this strain was 0.048 g L-1 , and the molar conversion of vanillin was 12.25%. The production of vanillin was optimized by orthogonal experiments. Beef pastes 6.0 g L-1 , soybean meal 5.0 g L-1 , magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 1.0 g L-1 , iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate 1.0 g L-1 , calcium chloride 1.0 g L-1 , dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate 1.0 g L-1 ; fermentation culture conditions were pH 7.0, inoculum level 5%, loading volume 20%, ferulic acid 1.0 g L-1 , fermentation culture temperature 35 °C. The concentration of vanillin obtained was 0.218 g L-1 . Finally, transcriptomic analysis of the strain samples before and after the optimization of the fermentation conditions was carried out to study the effect of the optimization of the fermentation conditions on the concentration of vanillin produced by the strain. CONCLUSION This study provides a theoretical basis for further improving the yield of vanillin and gradually realizing efficient industrial production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Gou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongjing Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Dang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, China
| | - Mengyin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
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Vaseghi G, Pourhadi M, Ghasemi A, Abediny R, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The inhibitory effects of vanillin on the growth of melanoma by reducing nuclear factor-κB activation. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:68. [DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_280_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang X, Cheng K, Liu Z, Sun Y, Zhou L, Xu M, Dai X, Xiong Y, Zhang H. Bioactive constituents of Mosla chinensis-cv. Jiangxiangru ameliorate inflammation through MAPK signaling pathways and modify intestinal microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153804. [PMID: 34735907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru (JXR), a traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used for the therapy of cold, fever, diarrhea, digestive disorders, and other diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder of the human gastrointestinal tract. Research about the effect of JXR on IBD and the active ingredient composition of JXR remains deficiency. PURPOSE This study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and the anti-inflammatory property of JXR, as well as the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODS The bioactive profile of JXR extracts was determined by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. A DSS induced colitis mouse model was applied to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of JXR. The body weight, colon length and histopathological status of colon tissue were evaluated. The content of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), corresponding mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed. Oxidation pressure and gut microbial composition were also explored. RESULTS Totally 63 constitutes were identified from JXR, among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids comprised a large part, and rosmarinic acid (RA) was the main compound. The results of DSS-induced colitis mice model indicated that JXR effectively ameliorated inflammation, restore the redox balance in the gut. JXR treatment significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the activity of antioxidative enzyme, suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). JXR also restrained the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. Furthermore, JXR could restore the microbial diversity by suppressing Bacteroidaceae, increasing Bifidobacteriales and Melainabacteria in DSS colitis mouse model. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that JXR composed with various bioactive compounds, effectively ameliorated colitis, restored the redox balance and regulated gut microbiota. Results from the present study provide an insight of therapeutic potential of JXR in IBD based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, also provide a scientific basis for using JXR as a functional ingredient to promote colon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengtian Xu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuxiu Dai
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaokun Xiong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China.
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An P, Zhang LJ, Peng W, Chen YY, Liu QP, Luan X, Zhang H. Natural products are an important source for proteasome regulating agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153799. [PMID: 34715511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural medicines have a long history in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in East Asian region, especially in China. Modern research has proved that the pharmacological effects of numerous natural medicines involve the participation of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). UPS can degrade the unwanted and damaged proteins widely distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of various eukaryotes. PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to review and discuss the regulatory effects of natural products and extracts on proteasome components, which may help to find new proteasome regulators for drug development and clinical applications. METHODS The related information was compiled using the major scientific databases, such as CNKI, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Wiley Online, and GeenMedical. The keywords "natural product" and "proteasome" were applied to extract the literature. Nature derived extracts, compounds and their derivatives involved in proteasome regulation were included, and the publications related to synthetic proteasome agents were excluded. RESULTS The pharmacological effects of more than 80 natural products and extracts derived from phytomedicines related to the proteasome regulation were reviewed. These natural products were classified according to their chemical properties. We also summarized some laws of action of natural products as proteasome regulators in the treatment of diseases, and listed the action characteristics of the typical natural products. CONCLUSION Natural products derived from nature can induce the degradation of damaged proteins through UPS or act as regulators to directly regulate the activity of proteasome. But few proteasome modulators are applied clinically. Summary of known rules for proteasome modulators will contribute to discover, modify and synthesize more proteasome modulators for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei An
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Taghinezhad-S S, Mohseni AH, Fu X. Intervention on gut microbiota may change the strategy for management of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1508-1517. [PMID: 33295040 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota composition due to environmental or genetic variations can disrupt the immune system and may promote several diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota can alter the toxicity and efficiency of an extensive range of CRC treatment methods, especially surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. The recent scientific evidence suggested that gut microbiota modulation exhibits an essential positive influence on inhibition and treatment of CRC. The literature survey revealed that modulating the gut microbiota composition by probiotics, prebiotics, and diets protects CRC patients from treatment-associated adverse effects. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the association between interventions on gut microbiota and CRC to provide innovative strategies for enhancing the safety and efficiency of CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Taghinezhad-S
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Amir Hossein Mohseni
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK. Vanillin: a review on the therapeutic prospects of a popular flavouring molecule. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7790484 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S. Arya
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - James E. Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Sangram K. Lenka
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
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Zhou R, Lei J, Wei Y, Zhang H. Chemoprotective Effects of Geraniin against Azoxymethane Induced Colorectal Cancer by Reduction of Inflammatory Reaction. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:817-825. [PMID: 34078758 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of cancer-related death is colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease is a risk factor for this disease. Azoxymethane (AOM) is a potent cancer inducer widely used in rats for colon cancer. The current study was scrutinizing the chemo-protective effect of geraniin against AOM induced colorectal cancer via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. The rats were divided into different groups such as Group I: normal control, Group II geraniin (20 mg/kg), Group III: received AOM, Group IV-VI: AOM + geraniin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. All group of rats were received treatment for 16 weeks. At the end of the experimental study, the hepatic, biochemical, phase II antioxidant, antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, apoptosis and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Geraniin treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and enhanced body weight. Geraniin administration also altered the level of antioxidant parameters-superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR); phase I enzymes - cytochrome B5, cytochrome P450; phase II enzymes - Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), UDP-Glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GT) respectively. Obtained results also demonstrate that geraniin treatment reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-1α, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. Geraniin also reduced the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. On the basis of result we can conclude that geraniin reduced the colorectal cancer via inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Zhou
- Department of Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Jia Lei
- Clinical Technology Experimental Center, Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College
| | - Yubo Wei
- Department of Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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Sirangelo I, Sapio L, Ragone A, Naviglio S, Iannuzzi C, Barone D, Giordano A, Borriello M. Vanillin Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Rat H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:2317. [PMID: 32752227 PMCID: PMC7468857 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (doxo) is an effective anticancer compound in several tumor types. However, as a consequence of oxidative stress induction and ROS overproduction, its high cardiotoxicity demands urgent attention. Vanillin possesses antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidepressant and anti-glycating properties. Therefore, we investigated the potential vanillin protective effects against doxo-induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Using multiparametric approach, we demonstrated that vanillin restored both cell viability and damage in response to doxo exposure. Contextually, vanillin decreased sub-G1 appearance and caspase-3 and PARP1 activation, reducing the doxo-related apoptosis induction. From a mechanistic point of view, vanillin hindered doxo-induced ROS accumulation and impaired the ERK phosphorylation. Notably, besides the cardioprotective effects, vanillin did not counteract the doxo effectiveness in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, our results suggest that vanillin ameliorates doxo-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells, opening new avenues for developing alternative therapeutic approaches to prevent the anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity and to improve the long-term outcome of antineoplastic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sirangelo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.R.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.R.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Angela Ragone
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.R.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.R.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Clara Iannuzzi
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.R.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Daniela Barone
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.R.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (M.B.)
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Li JM, Liao CC, Huang HC, Lin CL, Lo HY, Hsiang CY, Ho TY. Regulation effect and mechanism of Sheng-Hua-Tang on female reproductive system: From experimental transcriptomic analysis to clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112431. [PMID: 31783136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sheng-Hua-Tang (SHT) is commonly used to treat female illnesses, especially postpartum conditioning. However, its effects and mechanisms on female reproductive system remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SHT on female brain-ovary-uterus axis from bench to clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were administrated SHT (200 mg/kg) orally for seven consecutive days. Brain, ovary, and uterus tissues were then collected for microarray analysis. A nationwide database analysis and a pilot randomized, open-label clinical trial were further applied to evaluate the clinical application and effects of SHT on postpartum women. RESULTS Microarray analysis showed that oral administration of SHT induced a cascade reaction of gene expression, with 17, 883, and 1592 genes were significantly regulated by SHT in brain, ovary, and uterus, respectively. Population-based analysis of one million subjects in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2013 showed that SHT was commonly used in menstrual disorders in female population, especially dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, and variation of menstrual cycle. Clinical trial on postpartum women showed that oral administration SHT for one week alleviated uterine contraction pain and breast swelling pain. Furthermore, Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp9, Mmp11, Mmp15, Oxtr, Plrl, and Tph2 gene expression affected by SHT in mice were correlated with clinical effects of SHT in human subjects. CONCLUSION This report provided the scientific evidences of mechanisms and clinical efficacies of SHT. Moreover, our findings might afford insights for clinical doctors in terms of SHT prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Miao Li
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 50008, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chih Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Yu N, Peng H, Hu Z, Sun Y, Zhu X, Jiang L, Xiong H. The profiling of bioactives in Akebia trifoliata pericarp and metabolites, bioavailability and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities in DSS-induced colitis mice. Food Funct 2020; 10:3977-3991. [PMID: 31204754 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Akebia trifoliata is popular in Asia, but researches concerning the phytochemicals of A. trifoliate pericarp extract (APE) and their metabolites, bioavailability, metabolism and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo are less known. In the present study, the chemical constituents of APE and their metabolites of rats after oral administration were identified using UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS. A total of 18 compounds were tentatively characterized in APE, while 8 original compounds and 8 metabolites were observed in plasma, and 10 original compounds and 39 metabolites were detected in urine. Deglycosylation, glucuronidation, methylation and sulfation were the reactions that mainly occurred in the metabolism in vivo. Meanwhile, APE supplementation decreased dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, ameliorating epithelial barrier disruption, suppressing the proliferation and infiltration of immune cells, modulating the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), decreasing the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as regulating oxidative stress in vivo. The results suggested that APE triterpenoids and their metabolites as major contributors to anti-inflammatory activities, providing a scientific basis for the use of APE as a functional food to ameliorate colon health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hailong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhenying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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Huang W, Yang Y, Wen W, Luo Y, Wu J, Xiang L, Hu Y, Xu S, Chen S, Wang P. Vanillin enhances the passive transport rate and absorption of drugs with moderate oral bioavailability in vitro and in vivo by affecting the membrane structure. Food Funct 2020; 11:700-710. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin is a popular flavoring agent in the food, tobacco, and perfume industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen'ge Huang
- Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yingzhuo Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Wen Wen
- Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Li Xiang
- College of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yinfan Hu
- College of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Simin Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu
- China
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16
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Zabad IEM, Amin MN, El-Shishtawy MM. Protective effect of vanillin on diabetic nephropathy by decreasing advanced glycation end products in rats. Life Sci 2019; 239:117088. [PMID: 31759039 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common chronic microvascular complication of both types of diabetes mellitus, which leads to renal dysfunction and subsequent need of dialysis and organ transplantation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are metabolic consequence of hyperglycemia and are main contributory factor in the DN pathogenesis through mediating establishment of oxidative status and chronic inflammatory milieu. This study aimed to explore the impact of vanillin on preventing the progression of DN. MAIN METHODS Experimental DN model was established in rats utilizing streptozotocin. Serum concentration of AGEs and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) levels in kidney homogenate were assessed using ELISA technique. Also, we evaluated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) using immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with vanillin for 8 weeks significantly ameliorated DN. Vanillin significantly decreased hyperglycemia and improved kidney function reflected by decreased serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and decreased proteinuria. Also, vanillin significantly decreased malondialdehyde content and elevated superoxide dismutase activity in renal tissues. Moreover, vanillin decreased renal expression of NF-κB and renal concentrations of IL-6, TGFβ1 and collagen. In addition, vanillin significantly decreased serum AGEs concentration. Also, vanillin attenuated histological abnormalities in kidney architecture. SIGNIFICANCE Vanillin, which is a cheap and abundant natural product, exhibited anti-AGEs, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. These activities might be helpful and potent mechanisms in preventing the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Eddin M Zabad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Ramadoss DP, Sivalingam N. Vanillin extracted from Proso and Barnyard millets induce apoptotic cell death in HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1422-1437. [PMID: 31604383 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1672763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we hypothesized that the active compound extracted from Proso and Barnyard millets inhibits cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in colon cancer cell line. The bioactive compounds from these millets were purified by supercritical fluid extraction and their structure was elucidated using spectroscopic methods. Extracted bioactive components from these millets were similar in chemical structure to the phenolic aldehyde-Vanillin [4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde]. Cell proliferative effect was assessed by MTT assay using HT-29 cell line. Compound 1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells when treated with concentrations of 250 µg/ml and 1,000 µg/ml for 48 h, while compound 2 moderately inhibited the proliferation of the HT-29 cell line at the same concentration and time period. Cytotoxic activity of extracted compounds by the release of lactate dehydrogenase confirms that these compounds were not toxic to the cells at 250 µg/ml of compounds 1 and 2. In addition, flow cytometry results show a significant cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase and increase in the apoptotic cells in sub G0 phase, in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control. The conclusion of this study suggests that the anticancer property of these millets is mediated through the presence of vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Priya Ramadoss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Losartan suppresses the inflammatory response in collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in B and T cells. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:487-502. [PMID: 30426454 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan has been confirmed to have a moderate anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. However, how it affects immune cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is still unknown. We found that in human synovial tissues, AT1R is significantly expressed on T cells and B cells. Treatment with losartan (15 mg/kg) alone and in combination with a low dose of methotrexate (MTX 0.25 mg/kg/3 days) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA. Secondary paw swelling, joint destruction and the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in the serum were alleviated after treatment. The therapeutic effects of losartan were based on reduced T-cell and B-cell activation, specifically by decreased cell vitality and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, losartan combined with a low dose of MTX achieved a similar therapeutic effect, while protecting liver and kidney from MTX damage. Mechanistically, losartan inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, reduces the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and p65, p50 nuclear transposition in T cells and B cells. Phosphorylation of JNK is not affected by losartan in the CIA rat model. losartan can be used as an effective RA treatment, which exhibits anti-arthritic effects potentially through down-regulating the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and signaling through NF-κB. While achieving similar anti-rheumatic effects, a combination therapy of losartan with a low dose of MTX, can protect from liver and renal damage caused by giving a high dose of MTX.
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