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Neglia G, Calabrò S, Cotticelli A, Salzano A, Matera R, Vastolo A, D'Onofrio N, Giorgino A, Martino E, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Use of former food products in dairy buffalo nutrition: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1347-1355. [PMID: 37195024 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A feeding strategy that maintains high content of functional molecules in buffalo milk has been verified by giving Sorghum vulgare as green fodder, but it is not available all year round. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of former food products (FFPs) containing 87% biscuit meal (nonstructural carbohydrate: 60.1%; starch 14.7; crude protein 10.6), in the diet of buffaloes in terms of: (a) fermentation characteristics through gas production technique; (b) milk yield (MY) and quality; (c) content of some biomolecules and total antioxidant activity. The experiment was performed involving 50 buffaloes divided into two groups: Green group and FFPs group (animals fed Total Mixed Ration with either green forage or FFPs respectively). Daily MY was recorded and milk qualitative analyses were determined monthly for 90 days. Furthermore, fermentation characteristics of the diets were studied in vitro. No significant differences were recorded in feed intake, BCS and MY and quality. Similar in vitro fermentation data of two diets were found, with slight differences in terms of gas production and degradability. During the incubation, kinetic parameters showed a faster fermentation process with the diet of the FFPs group in relation to Green group (p < 0.05). Green group had higher levels (p < 0.01) of γ-butyrobetaine, glycine betaine, l-carnitine and propionyl l-carnitine in milk, whereas no differences were observed for δ-valerobetaine and acetyl l-carnitine. Total antioxidant capacity and iron reduction antioxidant assay were higher (p < 0.05) in the plasma and milk of the Green group. The administration of a diet high in simple sugars, obtained with FFPs, seems to favour the ruminal biosynthesis of some metabolites in milk, such as δ-valerobetaine and acetyl- l-carnitine, similar to green forage administration. Overall, the use of biscuit meal can be an alternative to green fodder when it is not available to ensure environmental sustainability and optimize costs without compromising milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Cotticelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Matera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria L Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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2
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Martino E, Luce A, Balestrieri A, Mele L, Anastasio C, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Whey Improves In Vitro Endothelial Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Redox Status in Diabetic State. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1311. [PMID: 37372041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to cardiovascular complications. Current preventive antioxidant strategies to reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function in T2DM highlight dietary interventions as a promising approach, stimulating the deepening of knowledge of food sources rich in bioactive components. Whey (WH), a dairy by-product with a considerable content of bioactive compounds (betaines and acylcarnitines), modulates cancer cell metabolism by acting on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Here, we aimed at covering the lack of knowledge on the possible effect of WH on the mitochondrial function in T2DM. The results showed that WH improved human endothelial cell (TeloHAEC) function during the in vitro diabetic condition mimicked by treating cells with palmitic acid (PA) (0.1 mM) and high glucose (HG) (30 mM). Of note, WH protected endothelial cells from PA+HG-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.01) and prevented cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, redox imbalance, and metabolic alteration (p < 0.01). Moreover, WH counteracted mitochondrial injury and restored SIRT3 levels (p < 0.01). The SiRNA-mediated suppression of SIRT3 abolished the protective effects exerted by WH on the mitochondrial and metabolic impairment caused by PA+HG. These in vitro results reveal the efficacy of whey as a redox and metabolic modulator in the diabetic state and pave the way for future studies to consider whey as the source of dietary bioactive molecules with health benefits in preventive strategies against chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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3
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Salzano A, Fioriniello S, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Aiese Cigliano R, Neglia G, Della Ragione F, Campanile G. Transcriptomic profiles of the ruminal wall in Italian Mediterranean dairy buffaloes fed green forage. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:133. [PMID: 36941576 PMCID: PMC10029215 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green feed diet in ruminants exerts a beneficial effect on rumen metabolism and enhances the content of milk nutraceutical quality. At present, a comprehensive analysis focused on the identification of genes, and therefore, biological processes modulated by the green feed in buffalo rumen has never been reported. We performed RNA-sequencing in the rumen of buffaloes fed a total mixed ration (TMR) + the inclusion of 30% of ryegrass green feed (treated) or TMR (control), and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using EdgeR and NOISeq tools. RESULTS We found 155 DEGs using EdgeR (p-values < 0.05) and 61 DEGs using NOISeq (prob ≥0.8), 30 of which are shared. The rt-qPCR validation suggested a higher reliability of EdgeR results as compared with NOISeq data, in our biological context. Gene Ontology analysis of DEGs identified using EdgeR revealed that green feed modulates biological processes relevant for the rumen physiology and, then, health and well-being of buffaloes, such as lipid metabolism, response to the oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle structure and function. Accordingly, we found: (i) up-regulation of HSD17B13, LOC102410803 (or PSAT1) and HYKK, and down-regulation of CDO1, SELENBP1 and PEMT, encoding factors involved in energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism; (ii) enhanced expression of SIM2 and TRIM14, whose products are implicated in the immune response and defense against infections, and reduced expression of LOC112585166 (or SAAL1), ROR2, SMOC2, and S100A11, encoding pro-inflammatory factors; (iii) up-regulation of NUDT18, DNAJA4 and HSF4, whose products counteract stressful conditions, and down-regulation of LOC102396388 (or UGT1A9) and LOC102413340 (or MRP4/ABCC4), encoding detoxifying factors; (iv) increased expression of KCNK10, CACNG4, and ATP2B4, encoding proteins modulating Ca2+ homeostasis, and reduced expression of the cytoskeleton-related MYH11 and DES. CONCLUSION Although statistically unpowered, this study suggests that green feed modulates the expression of genes involved in biological processes relevant for rumen functionality and physiology, and thus, for welfare and quality production in Italian Mediterranean dairy buffaloes. These findings, that need to be further confirmed through the validation of additional DEGs, allow to speculate a role of green feed in the production of nutraceutical molecules, whose levels might be enhanced also in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Della Ragione
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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4
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Buffalo milk and rumen fluid metabolome are significantly affected by green feed. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1381. [PMID: 36697476 PMCID: PMC9877005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of green feed for livestock breeding is an important strategy to encounter both the increasing demand for animal derived products and the perceptions of the consumers regarding animal welfare and sustainability. The aim of this study was to compare different feeding strategies in lactating water buffaloes by using a metabolomic approach. The study was carried out on 32 milking buffaloes that were randomly divided into two groups for a total period of 90 days (3 sampling times). DD Group (dry diet) received a standard total mixed ratio (TMR) characterized by dry forages and concentrates; ZG Group (zero grazing) fed an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet obtained using 30% of sorghum as green forage. Samples of milk and rumen fluid were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. Data analyses revealed the presence of several differentially accumulated metabolites and among these, ten compounds were putatively identified in milk samples (i.e. L-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyroylcarnitine, 2-hexenoylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, glycerophosphocholine, δ-valerobetaine and γ-butyrobetaine) and four in rumen fluid (3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate, Indole-3-acrylic acid, oleamide (cis-9,10-octadecenoamide) and 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4). The modulation of these molecules in buffalo milk is significantly related to the green/dry based feeding and some the natural compound detected could be considered as health-promoting nutrients.
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5
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Martino E, Balestrieri A, Mele L, Sardu C, Marfella R, D’Onofrio N, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. Milk Exosomal miR-27b Worsen Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated Colorectal Cancer Cell Death. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235081. [PMID: 36501111 PMCID: PMC9737596 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dietary constituents and the onset and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) is constantly growing. Recently, the antineoplastic profiles of milk and whey from Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) have been brought to attention. However, to date, compared to cow milk, the potential health benefits of buffalo milk exosome-miRNA are still little explored. In the present study, we profiled the exosomal miRNA from buffalo milk and investigated the possible anticancer effects in CRC cells, HCT116, and HT-29. Results indicated that buffalo milk exosomes contained higher levels of miR-27b, miR-15b, and miR-148a compared to cow milk. Mimic miR-27b transfection in CRC cells induced higher cytotoxic effects (p < 0.01) compared to miR-15b and miR-148a. Moreover, miR-27b overexpression in HCT116 and HT-29 cells (miR-27b+) induced apoptosis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lysosome accumulation. Exposure of miR-27b+ cells to the bioactive 3kDa milk extract aggravated the apoptosis rate (p < 0.01), mitochondrial stress (p < 0.01), and advanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (p < 0.01), via PERK/IRE1/XBP1 and CHOP protein modulation (p < 0.01). Moreover, GSK2606414, the ER-inhibitor (ER-i), decreased the apoptosis phenomenon and XBP1 and CHOP modulation in miR-27b+ cells treated with milk (p < 0.01 vs. miR-27b++Milk), suggesting the ER stress as a cell-death-aggravating mechanism. These results support the in vitro anticancer activity of 3kDa milk extract and unveil the contribution of miR-27b in the promising beneficial effect of buffalo milk in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
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6
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Salzano A, Di Meo MC, D’Onofrio N, Bifulco G, Cotticelli A, Licitra F, Iraci Fuintino A, Cascone G, Balestrieri ML, Varricchio E, Campanile G. Breed and Feeding System Impact the Bioactive Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bovine Milk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911088. [PMID: 36232386 PMCID: PMC9569879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed at assessing the influence of breed and feeding system on the bovine milk profile of betaines and carnitines and milk capacity in counteracting the inflammatory endothelial cell (EC) damage induced by interleukin (IL)-6. In the first experimental design, two breeds were chosen (Holstein vs. Modicana) to investigate the biomolecule content and antioxidant capacity in milk and dairy products. In the second experimental design, two feeding systems (pasture vs. total mixed ratio) were tested only in Holstein to evaluate the possible effect on the functional profile of milk and dairy products. Finally, the bulk milk from the two experimental designs was used to evaluate the efficacy of preventing IL-6-induced endothelial inflammatory damage. Results showed that Modicana milk and whey had higher biomolecule content and antioxidant activity compared to Holstein milk (p < 0.01). Milk from Holstein fed TMR showed higher concentration of γ-butyrobetaine, δ-valerobetaine (p < 0.01), and l-carnitine (p < 0.05). Similarly, whey from Holstein fed TMR also showed higher content of δ-valerobetaine, glycine betaine, l-carnitine, and acetyl-l-carnitine (p < 0.01) compared to the Holstein fed pasture. Conversely, the antioxidant activity of milk and dairy products was not affected by the feeding system. In ECs, all milk samples reduced the IL-6-induced cytokine release, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of cell death, with the most robust effect elicited by Modicana milk (p < 0.01). Overall, Modicana milk showed a higher content of biomolecules and antioxidant activity compared to Holstein, suggesting that the breed, more than the feeding system, can positively affect the health-promoting profile of dairy cattle milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bifulco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Cotticelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Licitra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cascone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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7
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Haikonen R, Kärkkäinen O, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K. Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:463-480. [PMID: 35508517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retu Haikonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Ferguson JF. A microbial metabolite linked to fat accumulation. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1594-1595. [PMID: 34931083 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Liu KH, Owens JA, Saeedi B, Cohen CE, Bellissimo MP, Naudin C, Darby T, Druzak S, Maner-Smith K, Orr M, Hu X, Fernandes J, Camacho MC, Hunter-Chang S, VanInsberghe D, Ma C, Ganesh T, Yeligar SM, Uppal K, Go YM, Alvarez JA, Vos MB, Ziegler TR, Woodworth MH, Kraft CS, Jones RM, Ortlund E, Neish AS, Jones DP. Microbial metabolite delta-valerobetaine is a diet-dependent obesogen. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1694-1705. [PMID: 34931082 PMCID: PMC8711632 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders are linked to the intestinal microbiome. However, the causality of changes in the microbiome-host interaction affecting energy metabolism remains controversial. Here, we show the microbiome-derived metabolite δ-valerobetaine (VB) is a diet-dependent obesogen that is increased with phenotypic obesity and is correlated with visceral adipose tissue mass in humans. VB is absent in germ-free mice and their mitochondria but present in ex-germ-free conventionalized mice and their mitochondria. Mechanistic studies in vivo and in vitro show VB is produced by diverse bacterial species and inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation through decreasing cellular carnitine and mitochondrial long-chain acyl-coenzyme As. VB administration to germ-free and conventional mice increases visceral fat mass and exacerbates hepatic steatosis with a western diet but not control diet. Thus, VB provides a molecular target to understand and potentially manage microbiome-host symbiosis or dysbiosis in diet-dependent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken H Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bejan Saeedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine E Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Moriah P Bellissimo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Crystal Naudin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trevor Darby
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Druzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristal Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Camacho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Hunter-Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David VanInsberghe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunyu Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael H Woodworth
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen S Kraft
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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D’Onofrio N, Martino E, Balestrieri A, Mele L, Neglia G, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. SIRT3 and Metabolic Reprogramming Mediate the Antiproliferative Effects of Whey in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205196. [PMID: 34680344 PMCID: PMC8533739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging strategies to improve healthy aging include dietary interventions as a tool to promote health benefits and reduce the incidence of aging-related comorbidities. The health benefits of milk are also linked to its richness in betaines and short-chain acylcarnitines, which act synergistically in conferring anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Whey, despite being a dairy by-product, still has a considerable content of bioactive betaines and acylcarnitines. Here, we investigated the anticancer properties of whey from Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk by testing its antiproliferative effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells HT-29, HCT 116, LoVo and SW480. Results indicated that treatment with whey for 72 h inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.001), induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, and modulated cell metabolism by limiting glucose uptake and interfering with mitochondrial energy metabolism with the highest effects observed in HT-29 and HCT 116 cells. At molecular level, these effects were accompanied by upregulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) (p < 0.01) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression (p < 0.001), and downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) (p < 0.01), sterol regulatory-element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) (p < 0.05), and PPAR-α (p < 0.01). Transient SIRT3 gene silencing blocked the effects of whey on the LDHA, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-α protein expressions (p < 0.01) suggesting that the whey capacity of perturbating the metabolic homeostasis in CRC cell lines is mediated by SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.)
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11
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Effect of Breeding Techniques and Prolonged Post Dry Aging Maturation Process on Biomolecule Levels in Raw Buffalo Meat. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8040066. [PMID: 33924054 PMCID: PMC8072788 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several concerns have been expressed on red meat quality and consumption. The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of different breeding techniques and a prolonged post dry aging (PDA) maturation process on biomolecules level in raw buffalo meat. In the first experiment, two groups of animals were maintained with different space availability (15 vs. 10 m2/animal) for 90 days and biomolecules content was evaluated. In experiment 2, two diets (with or without ryegrass green forage) were used to assess the concentration of these biomolecules. Finally, in experiment 3, the meat of the animals that showed the highest content of biomolecules was chosen to assess the influence of the PDA maturation process. Buffaloes reared at 15 m2 showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of the considered biomolecules compared with their counterparts. Similarly, buffaloes fed green forage showed higher content of biomolecules (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. The meat of the animals bred at 15 m2 and fed green forage showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase of biomolecules content during the PDA maturation process up to 60 days without influence microbiological profile in terms of total aerobic bacterial counts, yeasts, and molds. In conclusion, breeding techniques and PDA maturation system could enhance biomolecules levels in terms of quality, without affect health standards.
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12
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Bekhit AEDA, Holman BW, Giteru SG, Hopkins DL. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and its role in meat spoilage: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Zhu D, Kebede B, Chen G, McComb K, Frew R. Changes in milk metabolome during the lactation of dairy cows based on 1H NMR and UHPLC–QToF/MS. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Green feed increases antioxidant and antineoplastic activity of buffalo milk: A globally significant livestock. Food Chem 2020; 344:128669. [PMID: 33248845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of green feed on health-promoting biomolecules in milk was examined in dairy buffaloes. Buffaloes received a total mixed ration (TMR) (Control, C; n = 40) or TMR + alfalfa green feed (30% of diet) (Treated, T; n = 40). Biomolecules and functional activity were measured in milk obtained twice-monthly. Treated buffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and δ-valerobetaine (P < 0.01). They also had higher antioxidant activity (P < 0.01). Compared with C buffaloes, milk of T buffaloes improved the viability of endothelial cells exposed to high-glucose (P < 0.01), and reduced intracellular lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokine release (P < 0.01). Milk of T buffaloes inhibited with greater potency the viability of human HCT116 and Cal 27 cancer cells (P < 0.001). The findings show that including green feed in the diet of dairy buffaloes enhances health-promoting biomolecules and the antioxidant and antineoplastic properties of milk.
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15
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D’Onofrio N, Mele L, Martino E, Salzano A, Restucci B, Cautela D, Tatullo M, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Synergistic Effect of Dietary Betaines on SIRT1-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cal 27. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092468. [PMID: 32878301 PMCID: PMC7563158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Betaines are important human nutrients widely distributed in plants, animals, and dietary sources. δ-valerobetaine (δVB) is a naturally occurring betaine with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible synergism between δVB and the structurally related γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) by testing the in vitro anticancer activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Combined δVB and γBB caused a marked inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in Cal 27 cells. The increased reactive oxygen species accumulation influenced the nuclear expression of SIRT1. Gene silencing with small interfering RNA confirmed the role of SIRT1 in the apoptotic cell death. Synergism of δVB and γBB is useful for novel strategies to optimize their content in meat, milk and dairy products to sustain human health and wellbeing. Abstract Betaines are food components widely distributed in plants, animals, microorganisms, and dietary sources. Among betaines, δ-valerobetaine (N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid, δVB) shares a metabolic pathway common to γ-butyrobetaine (γBB). The biological properties of δVB are particularly attractive, as it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Here, we investigated the possible synergism between δVB and the structurally related γBB, to date unexplored, by testing the in vitro anticancer activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, FaDu, UM-SCC-17A and Cal 27. Among cell lines tested, results indicated that betaines showed the highest effect in reducing Cal 27 cell proliferation up to 72 h (p < 0.01). This effect was enhanced when betaines were administered in combination (δVB plus γBB) (p < 0.001). Inhibition of cell growth by δVB plus γBB involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and apoptosis (p < 0.001). SIRT1 gene silencing by small interfering RNA decreased the apoptotic effect of δVB plus γBB by modulating downstream procaspase-3 and cyclin B1 (p < 0.05). These findings might have important implications for novel prevention strategies for tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting SIRT1 with naturally occurring betaines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (B.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (B.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Experimental Station for the Industry of the Essential Oils and Citrus Products (SSEA), Special Agency of the Chamber of Commerce in Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Marrelli Health—Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Via E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865; Fax: +39-081-566-5863
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (B.R.); (G.C.)
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16
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D'Onofrio N, Cacciola NA, Martino E, Borrelli F, Fiorino F, Lombardi A, Neglia G, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. ROS-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Colon Cancer LoVo Cells by Milk δ-Valerobetaine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8978. [PMID: 32488123 PMCID: PMC7265370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
δ-Valerobetaine (δVB) is a constitutive milk metabolite with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we tested the antineoplastic properties of milk δVB on human colorectal cancer cells. CCD 841 CoN (non-tumorigenic), HT-29 (p53 mutant adenocarcinoma) and LoVo (APC/RAS mutant adenocarcinoma) cells were exposed to 3 kDa milk extract, δVB (2 mM) or milk+δVB up to 72 h. Results showed a time- and dose-dependent capability of δVB to inhibit cancer cell viability, with higher potency in LoVo cells. Treatment with milk+δVB arrested cell cycle in G2/M and SubG1 phases by upregulating p21, cyclin A, cyclin B1 and p53 protein expressions. Noteworthy, δVB also increased necrosis (P < 0.01) and when used in combination with milk it improved its activity on live cell reduction (P < 0.05) and necrosis (P < 0.05). δVB-enriched milk activated caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas no effects on ROS generation were observed in CCD 841 CoN cells. The altered redox homeostasis induced by milk+δVB was accompanied by upregulation of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). SIRT6 silencing by small interfering RNA blocked autophagy and apoptosis activated by milk+δVB, unveiling the role of this sirtuin in the ROS-mediated apoptotic LoVo cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Antonio Cacciola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
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17
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Tuomainen M, Kärkkäinen O, Leppänen J, Auriola S, Lehtonen M, Savolainen MJ, Hermansen K, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thorsdottir I, Kolehmainen M, Uusitupa M, Poutanen K, Schwab U, Hanhineva K. Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET). Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1108-1118. [PMID: 31504116 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study. METHODS The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health. RESULTS Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end). CONCLUSIONS Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Salzano A, Licitra F, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Limone A, Campanile G, D'Occhio MJ, Neglia G. Short communication: Space allocation in intensive Mediterranean buffalo production influences the profile of functional biomolecules in milk and dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7717-7722. [PMID: 31229280 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine if space allocation influenced the concentration of biomolecules in buffalo milk and dairy products. Intensively housed buffaloes (n = 96) were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to days in milk, parity, and milk yield: group S10 had a space allocation of 10 m2 per buffalo and group S15 had a space allocation of 15 m2 per buffalo. Individual milk yield was recorded daily. Twice a month, a bulk milk sample was collected for each group, as well as whey, ricotta, and mozzarella cheese, to assess cheese yield and to conduct HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, milk antioxidant activity, and cell viability analyses. We tested milk extracts from the 2 groups in vitro to evaluate their efficacy in counteracting endothelial oxidative damage induced by high glucose. We evaluated reproductive function in 28 buffaloes from each group using the Ovsynch-timed artificial insemination program. We observed no differences in milk quantity or quality in terms of fat, protein, or lactose, and reproductive function did not differ between the 2 groups. Compared with group S10, group S15 had higher concentrations of carnitine (56.7 ± 1.1 vs. 39.8 ± 0.7 mg/L in milk and 40.9 ± 0.8 vs. 31.7 ± 0.7 mg/L in whey), acetyl-l-carnitine (51.9 ± 0.3 vs. 39.7 ± 0.7 mg/L in milk and 41.1 ± 1.7 vs. 28.7 ± 2.6 mg/L in whey), propionyl-l-carnitine (34.8 ± 1.0 vs. 21.0 ± 0.9 mg/L in milk and 26.9 ± 0.8 vs. 17.6 ± 1.2 mg/L in whey), glycine betaine (23.1 ± 1.9 vs. 13.5 ± 1.6 mg/L in milk and 10.7 ± 0.4 vs. 7.9 ± 0.5 mg/L in whey), and δ-valerobetaine (24.2 ± 0.5 vs. 16.7 ± 0.5 mg/L in milk and 22.0 ± 0.9 vs. 15.5 ± 0.7 mg/L in whey). Group S15 also had higher total antioxidant activity than group S10 (56.7 ± 1.9 vs. 46.4 ± 1.13 mM Trolox equivalents). Co-incubation of high-glucose-treated endothelial cells with milk extracts from group S15 improved cell viability compared with cells treated with high glucose only; it also reduced intracellular lipid peroxidation (144.3 ± 0.4 vs. 177.5 ± 1.9%), reactive oxygen species (141.3 ± 0.9 vs. 189.3 ± 4.7 optical density units), and cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6). Greater space allocation was associated with higher levels of biomolecules in buffalo milk. This could have been the result of improved welfare in buffaloes that were allocated more space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno (IZSM), Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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19
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D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri A, Neglia G, Monaco A, Tatullo M, Casale R, Limone A, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Buffalo Milk δ-Valerobetaine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1702-1710. [PMID: 30661355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
δ-Valerobetaine (δVB), a constitutive metabolite of ruminant milk, is produced in the rumen from free dietary Nε- trimethyllysine occurring ubiquitously in vegetable kingdom. The biological role of δVB is poorly known. Here, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of buffalo milk δVB was tested in vitro during high-glucose (HG)-induced endothelial damage. Results indicated that δVB (0.5 mM) ameliorated the HG cytotoxicity (0.57 ± 0.02 vs 0.41 ± 0.018 O.D. ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, buffalo milk extracts enriched with δVB showed improved significant efficacy in decreasing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine release during HG treatment compared to milk extracts alone ( P < 0.05). It is noteworthy that δVB reduced the HG-activated inflammatory signal by modulating SIRT1 (0.96 ± 0.05 vs 0.85 ± 0.04 AU), SIRT6 (0.82 ± 0.04 vs 0.61 ± 0.03 AU), and NF-κB (0.85 ± 0.03 vs 1.23 ± 0.03 AU) ( P < 0.05). On the whole, our data show the first evidence of δVB efficacy in reducing endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting a potential role of this betaine as a novel dietary compound with health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Portici, Naples , Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute , Biomedical Section , 88900 Crotone , Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , 80055 Portici, Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , L. De Crecchio 7 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Federico II University , 80137 Naples , Italy
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