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Ai J, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Gut microbiota: a superior operator for dietary phytochemicals to improve atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38940319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for atherosclerosis (AS). The employment of dietary phytochemicals that strive to target the gut microbiota has gained scientific support for treating AS. This study conducted a general overview of the links between the gut microbiota and AS, and summarized available evidence that dietary phytochemicals improve AS via manipulating gut microbiota. Then, the microbial metabolism of several dietary phytochemicals was summarized, along with a discussion on the metabolites formed and the biotransformation pathways involving key gut bacteria and enzymes. This study additionally focused on the anti-atherosclerotic potential of representative metabolites from dietary phytochemicals, and investigated their underlying molecular mechanisms. In summary, microbiota-dependent dietary phytochemical therapy is a promising strategy for AS management, and knowledge of "phytochemical-microbiota-biotransformation" may be a breakthrough in the search for novel anti-atherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Yuan C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang D. Procatechuic acid and protocatechuic aldehyde increase survival of Caenorhabditis elegans after fungal infection and inhibit fungal virulence. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396733. [PMID: 38841375 PMCID: PMC11150623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL) are important phenolic compounds in plants. We here investigated their possible beneficial effect against fungal infection and the underlying mechanism. The model animal of Caenorhabditis elegans was used as host, and Candida albicans was used as fungal pathogen. The nematodes were first infected with C. albicans, and the PCA and PAL treatment were then performed. Post-treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL suppressed toxicity of C. albicans infection in reducing lifespan. Accompanied with this beneficial effect, treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL inhibited C. albicans accumulation in intestinal lumen. In addition, treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL suppressed the increase in expressions of antimicrobial genes caused by C. albicans infection. The beneficial effect of PCA and PAL against C. albicans infection depended on p38 MAPK and insulin signals. Moreover, although treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL could not exhibit noticeable antifungal activity, PCA and PAL treatment obviously suppressed biofilm formation, inhibited hyphal growth, and reduced expressions of virulence genes (ALS3, CaVps34, Vma7, Vac1, and/or HWP1) related to biofilm formation and hyphal growth in C. albicans. Therefore, our data demonstrated the potential of PCA and PAL post-treatment against fungal infection and fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Deaprtment of Biochemistry and Molecrla Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Deaprtment of Biochemistry and Molecrla Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Deaprtment of Biochemistry and Molecrla Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Chai Y, Xing L, Li J. Effects of intermittent cold stimulation on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and liver lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103442. [PMID: 38262335 PMCID: PMC10835453 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent cold stimulation (ICS) enhances broilers' resistance to cold stress. Nonetheless, further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that enhance cold stress resistance. A total of 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups (CC and CS5), with the CC group managing temperature according to the standard for broiler growth stages, while the CS5 group were subjected to cold stimulation at a temperature 3℃ lower than the CC group for 5 h, every 2 d from 15 to 35 d. Sampling was conducted at 36 d (36D), 50 d (50D) and after acute cold stress for 24 h (Y24). First, we examined the effects of ICS on broiler growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism. The results demonstrated that ICS enhanced the performance of broilers to a certain degree. Specifically, the average weight gain in the CS5 group was significantly higher than that of the CC group, and the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased compared to CC at 4 W and 6 W (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CC group, cold stimulation significantly reduced drip loss, shearing force, and yellowness (a* value) of chicken meat, while significantly increased redness (b* value) (P ≤ 0.05). At Y24, the levels of T-AOC and GSH-PX in the serum of the CS5 group were significantly higher than those of the CC group, while the level of MDA was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05). The content of TG, FFA, and VLDL in the serum of the CS5 group was significantly elevated, whereas the level of TC and HDL was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, we further explored whether AMPK-mTOR pathway is involved in the regulation of changes in lipid metabolism and the possible regulatory mechanisms downstream of the signaling pathway. The results showed that ICS significantly upregulated the expression levels of AMPK mRNA and protein in the liver of the CS5 group at 36D and Y24, while significantly down-regulating mTOR (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CC group, ICS significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of lipid synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (SREBP1c, FAS, SCD, ACC, GRP78 and PERK) at 36D and Y24, while significantly up-regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid decomposition and autophagy-related genes (PPAR and LC3) (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, at Y24, the protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GRP78) in the CS5 group were significantly lower, while autophagy-related genes (LC3 and ATG7) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). ICS can affect meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers, and when broilers are subjected to acute cold stress, broilers trained with cold stimulation have stronger lipid metabolism capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yiwen Chai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Wen SY, Zhi X, Liu HX, Wang X, Chen YY, Wang L. Is the suppression of CD36 a promising way for atherosclerosis therapy? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115965. [PMID: 38043719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology of many cardiovascular diseases and is marked by plaque formation in the artery wall. It has posed a serious threat to the health of people all over the world. CD36 acts as a significant regulator of lipid homeostasis, which is closely associated with the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and may be a new therapeutic target. The abnormal overexpression of CD36 facilitates lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, inflammation, endothelial apoptosis, and thrombosis. Numerous natural products and lipid-lowering agents are found to target the suppression of CD36 or inhibit the upregulation of CD36 to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Here, the structure, expression regulation and function of CD36 in atherosclerosis and its related pharmacological therapies are reviewed. This review highlights the importance of drugs targeting CD36 suppression in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, in order to develop new therapeutic strategies and potential anti-atherosclerotic drugs both preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Hu M, Liu L. Choline regulation of triglycerides synthesis through ubiquintination pathway in MAC-T cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16611. [PMID: 38144203 PMCID: PMC10740596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of choline (CH) on triglyceride (TG) synthesis in cows, with a specific focus on its potential association with high milk fat percentage in the gut of the Zhongdian yak. By employing combined metagenomics and metabolomics analysis, we establish a correlation between CH and milk fat production in yaks. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were exposed to varying CH concentrations, and after 24 h, we analyzed the expression levels of key proteins (membrane glycoprotein CD36 (CD36); adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP); and ubiquintin (UB)), cellular TG content, lipid droplets, and cell vitality. Additionally, we evaluated the genes potentially related to the CH-mediated regulation of TG synthesis using real-time qPCR. CH at 200 μM significantly up-regulated CD36, ADFP, UB, and TG content. Pathway analysis reveals the involvement of the ubiquitination pathway in CH-mediated regulation of TG synthesis. These findings shed light on the role of CH in controlling TG synthesis in MAC-T cells and suggest its potential as a feed additive for cattle, offering possibilities to enhance milk fat production efficiency and economic outcomes in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Hu
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lily Liu
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Han YH, Kee JY. Extract of Isatidis Radix Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in In Vitro and In Vivo by Regulating Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37507964 PMCID: PMC10376543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatidis Radix (IR), the root of Isatis tinctoria L. belonging to Brassicaceae, has been traditionally used as a fever reducer. Although some pharmacological effects, such as anti-diabetes, anti-virus, and anti-inflammatory, have been reported, there is no study on the anti-obesity effect of IR. This study used 3T3-L1 cells, human mesenchymal adipose stem cells (hAMSCs), and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model to confirm the anti-adipogenic effect of IR. Intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and hAMSCs was decreased by IR treatment.IR extract especially suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through a cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Consequently, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins alpha (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthesis (FAS) were inhibited by IR extract. In addition, β-oxidation-related genes were also decreased by treatment of IR extract. IR inhibited weight gain through this cascade in the HFD-induced obese mouse model. IR significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Furthermore, the administration of IR extract decreased serum free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol, suggesting that it could be a potential drug for obesity by inhibiting lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Li LJ, Chao S, Zhao SX, Lu J, Zhang XY, Zhao Y, Zhao MH, Huang GA, Yin S, Sun QY, Zhao L, Ge ZJ. Protocatechuic Acid Delays Postovulatory Oocyte Ageing in Mouse. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200363. [PMID: 36537853 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tea is a popular beverage worldwide and has many health functions. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an important bioactive component of tea and has benefit to health. In some cases, oocytes after ovulation may miss the optimal fertilization time and enter a postovulatory ageing process. Therefore, to investigate the role of PCA in delaying oocyte ageing is aimed. METHODS AND RESULTS Metaphase II (MII) oocytes aged in vitro are randomly divided into three groups: control, aged, and aged + PCA. PCA treatment (30 µM) reduces the fragmentation rate and the incidence of abnormal spindle morphology and chromosome misalignment of oocytes aged 24 h in vitro. The mitochondrial dysfunction of aged oocytes, such as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS), is also alleviated by PCA. PCA also delays apoptosis of aged oocytes, and improves the sperm binding capacity. Otherwise, aged oocytes treated with PCA have a higher fertilization rate and blastocyst rate compared with untreated aged oocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION PCA is an important bioactive ingredient of tea that improves aged oocyte quality, suggesting that PCA is available to improve the quality of aged oocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100000, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Gui-An Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab and Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
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Geng Q, Liu B, Cao Z, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Yan L, Lu C. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1095554. [PMID: 36950009 PMCID: PMC10025315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1095554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma (FDR) is an effective Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in China. FDR is effective in heat clearing and detoxifying, promotion of blood circulation, relieving carbuncles, dispelling wind, and removing dampness. Its seeds also have high nutritional value, are rich in protein, and contain a variety of mineral elements and vitamins. Therefore, FDR is considered a natural product with medical and economic benefits, and its chemical composition and pharmacological activity are of interest to scientists. The current review provides an overview of the available scientific information on FDR, particularly its botany, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities. Various sources of valid and comprehensive relevant information were consulted, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and PubMed. Among the keywords used were "Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma", "botanical features", "chemical composition", and "pharmacological activity" in combination. Various ailments are treated with FDR, such as diabetes, tumor, sore throat, headache, indigestion, abdominal distension, dysentery, boils, carbuncles, and rheumatism. FDR is rich in organic acids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Experiments performed in vitro and in vivo showed that FDR extracts or fractions had a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic. The current review provides an integrative perspective on the botany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of FDR. FDR may be used as a medicine and food. Based on its chemical composition and pharmacological effects, the main active ingredients of FDR are organic acids, tannins, and flavonoids, and it has obvious antitumor pharmacological activity against a variety of malignant tumors. Therefore, FDR is worthy of further study and application as a potential antitumor drug.
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Chook CYB, Cheung YM, Ma KY, Leung FP, Zhu H, Niu QJ, Wong WT, Chen ZY. Physiological concentration of protocatechuic acid directly protects vascular endothelial function against inflammation in diabetes through Akt/eNOS pathway. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1060226. [PMID: 37025617 PMCID: PMC10070727 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1060226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the major cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes. However, new approaches are still warranted since current diabetic medications, which focus mainly on glycemic control, do not effectively lower cardiovascular mortality rate in diabetic patients. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid widely distributed in garlic, onion, cauliflower and other plant-based foods. Given the anti-oxidative effects of PCA in vitro, we hypothesized that PCA would also have direct beneficial effects on endothelial function in addition to the systemic effects on vascular health demonstrated by previous studies. Methods and results Since IL-1β is the major pathological contributor to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, the anti-inflammatory effects of PCA specific on endothelial cells were further verified by the use of IL-1β-induced inflammation model. Direct incubation of db/db mouse aortas with physiological concentration of PCA significantly ameliorated endothelium-dependent relaxation impairment, as well as reactive oxygen species overproduction mediated by diabetes. In addition to the well-studied anti-oxidative activity, PCA demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP1, VCAM1 and ICAM1, as well as increasing the phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt in the inflammatory endothelial cell model induced by the key player in diabetic endothelial dysfunction IL-1β. Upon blocking of Akt phosphorylation, p-eNOS/eNOS remained low and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines by PCA ceased. Conclusion PCA exerts protection on vascular endothelial function against inflammation through Akt/eNOS pathway, suggesting daily acquisition of PCA may be encouraged for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Yiu Bamboo Chook
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu Ming Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingshan Jason Niu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Wing Tak Wong,
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Zhen-Yu Chen,
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Graton ME, Ferreira BHSH, Troiano JA, Potje SR, Vale GT, Nakamune ACMS, Tirapelli CR, Miller FJ, Ximenes VF, Antoniali C. Comparative study between apocynin and protocatechuic acid regarding antioxidant capacity and vascular effects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1047916. [PMID: 36457305 PMCID: PMC9707364 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1047916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NOX enzymes activity play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Compounds able to decrease oxidative stress damage are potential candidates as drugs and/or supplements for hypertension treatment. Here, we aimed to compare in vitro ROS scavenging potency, effective NOX inhibition and effects on vascular reactivity of apocynin to another phenolic compound, protocatechuic acid, in vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), where redox signaling is altered and contributes to the development and/or maintenance of hypertension. We evaluated the in vitro antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging capacity of both phenolic compounds. Moreover, we investigated the effect of both compounds on lipid peroxidation, lucigenin chemiluminescence, nitric oxide (NO•) levels and ROS concentration in vascular cells of SHR or human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Apocynin and protocatechuic acid presented antioxidant capacity and ability as free radical scavengers, decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in aortic cells from SHR, and increased NO• concentration in isolated HUVEC. Both compounds were able to reduce lucigenin chemiluminescence and increased the potency of acetylcholine in aorta of SHR. However, in SHR aortas, only apocynin diminished the contraction induced by phenylephrine. In conclusion, these results strongly reinforce the potential application of substances such as apocynin and protocatechuic acid that combine abilities as scavenging and/or prevention of ROS generation, establishment of NO bioactivity and modulation of vascular reactivity. Due to its phytochemical origin and low toxicity, its potential therapeutic use in vascular diseases should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo E. Graton
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. S. H. Ferreira
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A. Troiano
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fundação Dracenense de Educação e Cultura (FUNDEC), Faculdades de Dracena (UNIFADRA), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone R. Potje
- Department of Biosciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T. Vale
- Department of Biosciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia M. S. Nakamune
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatry Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis J. Miller
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Valdecir F. Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Go MJ, Kim JM, Kang JY, Park SK, Lee CJ, Kim MJ, Lee HR, Kim TY, Joo SG, Kim DO, Heo HJ. Korean Red Pine ( Pinus densiflora) Bark Extract Attenuates Aβ-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1154-1167. [PMID: 36039041 PMCID: PMC9628973 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-amnesic effect of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract (KRPBE) against amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. We found that treatment with KRPBE improved the behavioral function in Aβ-induced mice, and also boosted the antioxidant system in mice by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and reducing glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, KRPBE improved the cholinergic system by suppressing reduced acetylcholine (ACh) content while also activating acetylcholinesterase (AChE), regulating the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin. KRPBE also showed an ameliorating effect on cerebral mitochondrial deficit by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels. Moreover, KRPBE modulated the expression levels of neurotoxicity indicators Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, p-IκB-α, and IL-1β. Furthermore, we found that KRPBE improved the expression levels of neuronal apoptosis-related markers BAX and BCl-2 and increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Therefore, this study suggests that KRPBE treatment has an anti-amnestic effect by modulating cholinergic system dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-55-772-1907 Fax: +82-55-772-1909 E-mail:
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12
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Khan H, Grewal AK, kumar M, Singh TG. Pharmacological postconditioning by protocatechuic acid attenuates brain injury in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mice model: Implications of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 491:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu J, Zheng Y, Yang Z, Cheng J, Luo F. Phenolics Profile and Protective Effect on Injuried HUVEC Cells of Epicarp Extracts from Kadsura coccinea. Foods 2022; 11:556. [PMID: 35206033 PMCID: PMC8870957 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the phenolics profile and the antioxidative properties of K. coccinea fruits epicarp. A total of 13 phenolic compounds (six phenolic acids, four anthocyanins, two flavonols, and one flavone) were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spetrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, comprise 30.89~74.76% and 13.90~46.17% of the total amount of anthocyanins in K. Coccinea. Cytoprotective effect results evidenced that pretreatment of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) with Kadsura. coccinea fruits' epicarp phenolic extracts at the concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL improved the cell viability after exposure to H2O2 significantly, and inhibited malonaldehyde(MDA) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) overproduction, as well as enhancing the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione Reductase (GR. This study proved that K. coccinea is a natural resource of phenolics rich with potential antioxidant ability, which may be valuable for developing nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (F.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (F.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (F.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Food Safety Science and Technology, Technology Center of Changsha Customs, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (F.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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15
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Nour OA, Ghoniem HA, Nader MA, Suddek GM. Impact of protocatechuic acid on high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome sequelae in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174257. [PMID: 34129881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the possible protective impact of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (Mets) sequelae in rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly grouped as follows: CTR group; PCA group; HFD group; HFD-PCA group and HFD-MET group. Rats were fed on standard diet or HFD for 14 weeks. HFD-fed rats exhibited significant decreases in food intake and adiponectin (ADP) level; yet, body weight and anthropometrical parameters were significantly increased. Moreover, insulin sensitivity was impaired as indicated by significant elevation in glucose AUC during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Furthermore, chronic HFD feeding elicited significant increases in serum lipid profile and free fatty acids (FFAs) with concomitant hepatic steatosis. Additionally, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1b (Il-1b) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1) levels were increased. Also, HFD-fed rats exhibited an increase in MDA level, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities were decreased. Moreover, the insulin-signaling pathway was markedly impaired in soleus muscles as indicated by a decrease in insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. Histopathologically, adipose tissues showed significant increase in adipocyte size. Also, flow cytometry analysis of adipose tissue confirmed a significant increase in the percentage of number of CD68+ cells. PCA administration succeeded to attenuate HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, PCA administration could protect against HFD-induced Mets, possibly via its hypoglycemic, insulin-sensitizing, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy A Ghoniem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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16
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Han B, Wang J, Wu J, Yan F, Wang Y, Li J. High glucose‑induced upregulation of CD36 promotes inflammation stress via NF‑κB in H9c2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:764. [PMID: 34490487 PMCID: PMC8430300 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac inflammation serves an important role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) mediates inflammation stress in a variety of disease states. The present study investigated CD36 expression in high glucose (HG)-induced H9c2 cells, whether CD36 upregulation promotes inflammatory stress, and its potential mechanism. HG induced CD36 expression in a time-dependent manner in cells, which was blocked following CD36 knockout or treatment with N-acetylcysteine or MitoTEMPO. CD36 translocation to the cell membrane was increased at 72 h by HG stimulation of H9c2 cells. Moreover, CD36 knockout inhibited HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β expression, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway activation. Further, CD36 knockout reversed metabolic reprogramming, lipid accumulation and AMP-activated protein kinase activation caused by HG. The aforementioned data suggest that HG-induced upregulation of CD36 promotes inflammatory stress via NF-κB in H9c2 cells, mediated by metabolism reprogramming, lipid accumulation and enhanced ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
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Wang C, Shuna Y, Jiying J, Li H, Pan Y, Li W, Bai C, Li M, Xie P, Liu J, Li J. Protective effect of Anthocyanins on Radiation-induced Hippocampal Injury through Activation of SIRT3. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:1103-1108. [PMID: 34082675 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210603151224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with radiation exposure. It is urgent to study the radiation protection of hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of anthocyanins on radiation and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The irradiation was carried out at room temperature with 4-Gy dose. Anthocyanins were intraperitoneally administered to rats prior to radiation exposure. The immunohistology and survival of neurons within the hippocampi,neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin,mean ROS accumulation and SIRT3 expression by Western Blot and qRTPCR were performed. RESULTS Anthocyanins inhibit radiation-induced apoptosis by activating SIRT3. SIRT3 mRNA increased 24 hours after anthocyanin performed, accompanied by an increase in SIRT3 protein and activity. CONCLUSIONS Anthocyanin can effectively resist radiation-induced oxidation and support its role in scavenging cellular reactive oxygen species. The results showed that anthocyanin protected hippocampal neurons from apoptosis through the activity of SIRT3 after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yu Shuna
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jiang Jiying
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Peitong Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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Liu Y, Shen X, Pang M, Sun Z, Qian Y, Xue W, Wang Z, Li L. Role of histone deacetylase Sirt3 in the development and regression of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2021; 272:119178. [PMID: 33610576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cause of death in cardiovascular diseases and poses severe challenges to human life and safety. Epigenetics plays a vital role in every single link of AS. Whereas, how epigenetics regulates its development and regression is still unknown. Sirt3, a recognized histone deacetylase, having been reported to be involved in other acylation processes in recent years, is broadening its role in epigenetic modifications. Sirt3 is an important factor in the normal physiology of blood vessels through deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins and participates in various metabolic activities. Besides, medical research targeting Sirt3 is in full swing as well. This review combining histone deacetylase Sirt3 with AS, aims to clarify the latest progress in the significant role of Sirt3 in the development and regression of AS and to provide a novel prospect for a new regulatory factor and potential intervention target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mingchang Pang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjiang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenxin Xue
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, Ci Z, Xu R, Han L, Zhang D. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105109. [PMID: 32738494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid is a natural phenolic acid, which widely exists in our daily diet and herbs. It is also one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid have emerged. Protocatechuic acid has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, analgesia, antiaging activties; protection from metabolic syndrome; and preservation of liver, kidneys, and reproductive functions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the absorption and elimination rate of protocatechuic acid are faster, with glucuronidation and sulfation being the major metabolic pathways. However, protocatechuic acid displays a dual-directional regulatory effect on some pharmacological activities. When the concentration is very high, it can inhibit cell proliferation and reduce survival rate. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of protocatechuic acid with emphasis on its pharmacological activities discovered in recent 5 years, so as to provide more up-to-date and thorough information for the preclinical and clinical research of protocatechuic acid in the future. Moreover, it is hoped that the clinical application of protocatechuic acid can be broadened, giving full play to its characteristics of rich sources, low toxicity and wide pharmacological activites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bi Feng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Runchun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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20
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Zheng J, Li Q, He L, Weng H, Su D, Liu X, Ling W, Wang D. Protocatechuic Acid Inhibits Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression in Older Apoe-/- Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1167-1177. [PMID: 32047914 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normalization of arterial inflammation inhibits atherosclerosis. The preventive role for protocatechuic acid (PCA) in early-stage atherosclerosis is well recognized; however, its therapeutic role in late-stage atherosclerosis remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether PCA inhibits vulnerable atherosclerosis progression by normalizing arterial inflammation. METHODS Thirty-wk-old male apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice with vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions in the brachiocephalic artery were fed the AIN-93G diet alone (control) or supplemented with 0.003% PCA (wt:wt) for 20 wk. Lesion size and composition, IL-1β, and NF-κB in the brachiocephalic arteries, and serum lipid profiles, oxidative status, and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and serum amyloid A) were measured. Moreover, the effect of PCA on the inflammation response was evaluated in efferocytic macrophages from C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment, dietary PCA supplementation significantly reduced lesion size (27.5%; P < 0.05) and also improved lesion stability (P < 0.05) as evidenced by increased thin fibrous cap thickness (31.7%) and collagen accumulation (58.3%), reduced necrotic core size (37.6%) and cellular apoptosis (73.9%), reduced macrophage accumulation (45.1%), and increased vascular smooth muscle cell accumulation (51.5%). Moreover, PCA supplementation inhibited IL-1β expression (53.7%) and NF-κB activation (64.4%) in lesions. However, PCA supplementation did not change serum lipid profiles, total antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory cytokines. In efferocytic macrophages, PCA at 0.5 and 1 μmol/L inhibited Il1b/IL-1β mRNA (27.2-46.5%) and protein (29.2-49.6%) expression and NF-κB activation (67.0-80.3%) by upregulation of MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK) and inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (MAPK3/1). Strikingly, the similar pattern of the MERTK and MAPK3/1 changes in lesional macrophages of mice after PCA intervention in vivo was recapitulated. CONCLUSION PCA inhibits vulnerable lesion progression in mice, which might partially be caused by normalization of arterial inflammation by upregulation of MERTK and inhibition of MAPK3/1 in lesional macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Luanying He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Weng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongfang Su
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, PR China
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Chen X, Yao F, Song J, Fu B, Sun G, Song X, Fu C, Jiang R, Sun L. Protective effects of phenolic acid extract from ginseng on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by palmitate via activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. J Food Sci 2020; 85:576-581. [PMID: 32078759 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Elevated free fatty acids may impair insulin-mediated signaling to eNOS that contributes to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction. Previous studies have indicated the protective effect of ginseng and the regulatory potential of phenolic acid components from other plants on endothelial function. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of phenolic acid extract from ginseng (PG2) on endothelial cells against palmitate-induced damage. We found that PG2 increases cell viability, inhibits the palmitate-induced intracellular accumulation of lipids, and the overexpression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) through enhancing the phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3K/Akt/eNOS) signaling pathway. The results of this study may be valuable for the development of PG2 to combat the endothelial cell damage caused by hyperlipidemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We proved that phenolic acid extract from ginseng has a protective effect on free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro. This study provides experimental data for the application of ginseng-derived phenolic acids in treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun Univ. of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yao
- Center of Preventive Treatment of Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun Univ. of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua Univ., 15 Jilin St., Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, P. R. China
| | - Baoyu Fu
- Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua Univ., 15 Jilin St., Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, P. R. China
| | - Guang Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun Univ. of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Song
- Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua Univ., 15 Jilin St., Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, P. R. China
| | - Chunge Fu
- Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua Univ., 15 Jilin St., Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, P. R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun Univ. of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, P. R. China.,Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua Univ., 15 Jilin St., Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun Univ. of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, P. R. China
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22
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Han L, Li J, Li J, Pan C, Xiao Y, Lan X, Wang M. Activation of AMPK/Sirt3 pathway by phloretin reduces mitochondrial ROS in vascular endothelium by increasing the activity of MnSOD via deacetylation. Food Funct 2020; 11:3073-3083. [PMID: 32195489 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a dihydrochalcone, phloretin was reported to effectively attenuate palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast of Chongqing
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Chuaying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
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