1
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Kastinen T, Batys P, Tolmachev D, Laasonen K, Sammalkorpi M. Ion-Specific Effects on Ion and Polyelectrolyte Solvation. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400244. [PMID: 38712639 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ion-specific effects on aqueous solvation of monovalent counter ions, Na+ ${^+ }$ , K+ ${^+ }$ , Cl- ${^- }$ , and Br- ${^- }$ , and two model polyelectrolytes (PEs), poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) were here studied with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the OPLS-aa force-field which is an empirical fixed point-charge force-field. Ion-specific binding to the PE charge groups was also characterized. Both computational methods predict similar response for the solvation of the PEs but differ notably in description of ion solvation. Notably, AIMD captures the experimentally observed differences in Cl- ${^- }$ and Br- ${^- }$ anion solvation and binding with the PEs, while the classical MD simulations fail to differentiate the ion species response. Furthermore, the findings show that combining AIMD with the computationally less costly classical MD simulations allows benefiting from both the increased accuracy and statistics reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuva Kastinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dmitry Tolmachev
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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2
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Emerson MS, Ogbodo R, Margulis CJ. Spiers Memorial Lecture: From cold to hot, the structure and structural dynamics of dense ionic fluids. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39045616 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The structure of ionic liquids (ILs), which a decade or two ago was the subject of polite but heated debate, is now much better understood. This has opened opportunities to ask more sophisticated questions about the role of structure in transport, the structure of systems with ions that are not prototypical, and the similarity between ILs and other dense ionic fluids such as the high-temperature inorganic molten salts; let alone the fact that new areas of research have emerged that sprung from our collective understanding of the structure of ILs such as the deep eutectic solvents, the polymerized ionic liquids, and the zwitterionic liquids. Yet, our understanding of the structure of prototypical ILs may not be as complete as we think it to be, given that recent experiments appear to show that in some cases there may be more than one liquid phase resulting in liquid-liquid (L-L) phase transitions. This article presents a perspective on what we think are key topics related to the structure and structural dynamics of ILs and to some extent high-temperature molten salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Emerson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Raphael Ogbodo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Claudio J Margulis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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3
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Rezaei M, Sakong S, Groß A. Sodium Triflate Water-in-Salt Electrolytes in Advanced Battery Applications: A First-Principles-Based Molecular Dynamics Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32169-32188. [PMID: 38862108 PMCID: PMC11212028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Offering a compelling combination of safety and cost-effectiveness, water-in-salt (WiS) electrolytes have emerged as promising frontiers in energy storage technology. Still, there is a strong demand for research and development efforts to make these electrolytes ripe for commercialization. Here, we present a first-principles-based molecular dynamics (MD) study addressing in detail the properties of a sodium triflate WiS electrolyte for Na-ion batteries. We have developed a workflow based on a machine learning (ML) potential derived from ab initio MD simulations. As ML potentials are typically restricted to the interpolation of the data points of the training set and have hardly any predictive properties, we subsequently optimize a classical force field based on physics principles to ensure broad applicability and high performance. Performing and analyzing detailed MD simulations, we identify several very promising properties of the sodium triflate as a WiS electrolyte but also indicate some potential stability challenges associated with its use as a battery electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rezaei
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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4
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Zhai Z, Chen Q, Wang Y, Ren W, Guo P. Orientational dynamics of the water layer adjacent to Au surface accelerated by polarization effect. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234704. [PMID: 38884408 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The orientation and rearrangement of water on a gold electrode significantly influences its physicochemical heterogeneous performance. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies aimed at uncovering the structural characteristics of interfacial water, the orientational behavior resulting from electrode-induced rearrangements remains a subject of ongoing debate. Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the adaptive structure and dynamics properties of interfacial water on Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces by considering a polarizable model for Au atoms in comparison with the non-polarizable model. Compared to the nonpolarizable systems, the polarization effect can enhance the interaction between water molecules and the gold surface. Unexpectedly, the rotational dynamics directly associated with the orientational behavior of water adjacent to the gold surface is accelerated, thereby reducing the hydrogen bond lifetime. The underlying mechanism for this anomalous phenomenon originates from the polarization effect, which induces the attraction of the positive hydrogen atoms to the surface by the negative image charge. This leads to a change in orientation that disrupts the hydrogen bonds in the first water layer and subsequently accelerates reorientation dynamics of water molecules adjacent to the gold surface. These results shed light on the intricate interplay between polarization effects and water molecule dynamics on metal surfaces, establishing the foundation for the rational regulation of the orientation of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhai
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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5
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Ma L, Jiang J. Vehicular Motions Dominate the Ion Transport in Concentrated LiTFSI Aqueous Solutions? J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4531-4537. [PMID: 38635898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) show great promise for applications in grid-scale energy storage. The design of high-performance WiSEs requires a comprehensive understanding of their microstructures and ion transport properties. In the present work, based on the CL&Pol force field, we have developed a polarizable force field (PFF) tailored for high-concentration LiTFSI aqueous solutions, which accurately reproduces the structural and dynamical properties. Unlike the literature, we do not observe the presence of bulk-like water in LiTFSI solutions exceeding 19 mol/kg. Furthermore, we find that the vast majority of Li(H20)n+ are short-lived, and thus, the structural motion rather than the vehicular motion is the main mode of ion transport. Our results have significant implications for understanding the ion dynamics in WiSEs. Additionally, further in-depth experimental analyses are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Figueiredo NM, Voroshylova IV, Ferreira ESC, Marques JMC, Cordeiro MNS. Magnetic Ionic Liquids: Current Achievements and Future Perspectives with a Focus on Computational Approaches. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3392-3415. [PMID: 38466339 PMCID: PMC10979404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) stand out as a remarkable subclass of ionic liquids (ILs), combining the desirable features of traditional ILs with the unique ability to respond to external magnetic fields. The incorporation of paramagnetic species into their structures endows them with additional attractive features, including thermochromic behavior and luminescence. These exceptional properties position MILs as highly promising materials for diverse applications, such as gas capture, DNA extractions, and sensing technologies. The present Review synthesizes key experimental findings, offering insights into the structural, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties across various MIL families. Special emphasis is placed on unraveling the influence of different paramagnetic species on MILs' behavior and functionality. Additionally, the Review highlights recent advancements in computational approaches applied to MIL research. By leveraging molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, these computational techniques have provided invaluable insights into the underlying mechanisms governing MILs' behavior, facilitating accurate property predictions. In conclusion, this Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on MILs, showcasing their special properties and potential applications while highlighting the indispensable role of computational methods in unraveling the complexities of these intriguing materials. The Review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the future directions of research in the field of magnetic ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia M. Figueiredo
- LAQV@REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Iuliia V. Voroshylova
- LAQV@REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete S. C. Ferreira
- LAQV@REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. C. Marques
- CQC−IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Natália
D. S. Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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7
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Dixit M, Hajari T, Meti MD, Srivastava S, Srivastava A, Daniel J. Ionic Pairing and Selective Solvation of Butylmethylimidazolium Chloride Ion Pairs in DMSO-Water Mixtures: A Comprehensive Examination via Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Potentials of Mean Force Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2168-2180. [PMID: 38415290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water act as a promising solvent medium for the dissolution of cellulose in an efficient manner. To develop a proper solvent system, it is really important to understand the thermodynamics of the molecular solutions consisting of ILs, DMSO, and water. The ion-pairing propensity of the ILs in the presence of DMSO and water plays a crucial role in governing the property of the solvent mixtures. Employing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we estimate the potentials of mean force between BMIM+ and Cl- ions in DMSO-water mixtures. Analysis reveals a significant increase in the thermodynamic stability of both contact ion pair (CIP) and solvent-assisted ion pair (SAIP) states with a rising DMSO mole fraction. Thermodynamic assessments highlight the entropic stabilization of CIP states and SAIP states in pure water, in DMSO-water mixtures, and in pure DMSO. The structural analysis reveals that in comparison to the DMSO local density, the local water density is relatively very high around ion pairs, more specifically in the solvation shell of a chloride ion. Preferential binding coefficients also consistently indicate exclusion of DMSO from the ion pair in DMSO-water mixtures. To enhance our understanding regarding the solvent molecules kinetics around the ion pairs, the survival probabilities of DMSO and water are computed. The calculations reveal that the water molecules prefer a prolonged stay in the solvation shell of Cl- ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Dixit
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Timir Hajari
- Department of Chemistry, City College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata - 700009, India
| | - Manjunath D Meti
- Bio-physical Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Srishti Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Amar Srivastava
- Chemistry Department, Har Sahai (PG) College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208012, India
| | - Joseph Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, Christ Church College, Kanpur 208001, India
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8
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Wang N, Maginn EJ. GAFF-Based Polarizable Force Field Development and Validation for Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:871-881. [PMID: 38227791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used in many applications, including gas separations, electrochemistry, lubrication, and catalysis. Understanding how the different properties of ILs are related to their chemical structure and composition is crucial for these applications. Experimental investigations often provide limited insights and can be tedious in exploring a range of state points. Therefore, molecular simulations have emerged as a powerful tool that not only offers a microscopic perspective but also enables rapid screening and prediction of physical properties. The accuracy of these predictions, however, depends on the quality of the intermolecular potentials (force fields) used. The widely used classical fixed charge models, such as GAFF, OPLS, and CL&P, are popular due to their simplicity and computational efficiency. However, it has been shown that the use of integer charges with these classical models leads to sluggish dynamics. The use of scaled charge models can improve the dynamics, but these mean-field approaches are unable to account for polarization effects explicitly. Several different approaches have been proposed to include polarizability in IL force fields. In this work, we follow the protocol of the CL&Pol model to develop a Drude oscillator model based on the GAFF force field (Goloviznina, K., et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 5858). We compare the performance of the model for eight imidazolium- and pyrrolidinium-based ILs against that of other models. We find that the new model provides reasonable estimations of density, self-diffusivity, and structural properties for these ILs and suggests a relatively simple way of extending the general GAFF model to more ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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9
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Shayestehpour O, Zahn S. Efficient Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Deep Eutectic Solvents with First-Principles Accuracy Using Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8732-8742. [PMID: 37972596 PMCID: PMC10720642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, deep eutectic solvents emerged as highly tunable and ecofriendly alternatives to common organic solvents and liquid electrolytes. In the present work, the ability of machine learning (ML) interatomic potentials for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of these liquids is explored, showcasing a trained neural network potential for a 1:2 ratio mixture of choline chloride and urea (reline). Using the ML potentials trained on density functional theory data, MD simulations for large systems of thousands of atoms and nanosecond-long time scales are feasible at a fraction of the computational cost of the target first-principles simulations. The obtained structural and dynamical properties of reline from MD simulations using our machine learning models are in good agreement with the first-principles MD simulations and experimental results. Running a single MD simulation is highlighted as a general shortcoming of typical first-principles studies if the dynamic properties are investigated. Furthermore, velocity cross-correlation functions are employed to study the collective dynamics of the molecular components in reline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Rezaei M, Sakong S, Groß A. Molecular Modeling of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polarization Effects and Force Field Parameters in Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5712-5730. [PMID: 37528639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate modeling of highly concentrated aqueous solutions, such as water-in-salt (WiS) electrolytes in battery applications, requires proper consideration of polarization contributions to atomic interactions. Within the force field molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the atomic polarization can be accounted for at various levels. Nonpolarizable force fields implicitly account for polarization effects by incorporating them into their van der Waals interaction parameters. They can additionally mimic electron polarization within a mean-field approximation through ionic charge scaling. Alternatively, explicit polarization description methods, such as the Drude oscillator model, can be selectively applied to either a subset of polarizable atoms or all polarizable atoms to enhance simulation accuracy. The trade-off between simulation accuracy and computational efficiency highlights the importance of determining an optimal level of accounting for atomic polarization. In this study, we analyze different approaches to include polarization effects in MD simulations of WiS electrolytes, with an example of a Na-OTF solution. These approaches range from a nonpolarizable to a fully polarizable force field. After careful examination of computational costs, simulation stability, and feasibility of controlling the electrolyte properties, we identify an efficient combination of force fields: the Drude polarizable force field for salt ions and non-polarizable models for water. This cost-effective combination is sufficiently flexible to reproduce a broad range of electrolyte properties, while ensuring simulation stability over a relatively wide range of force field parameters. Furthermore, we conduct a thorough evaluation of the influence of various force field parameters on both the simulation results and technical requirements, with the aim of establishing a general framework for force field optimization and facilitating parametrization of similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rezaei
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Clark R, Ávila J, Costa Gomes M, Padua AAH. Solvation Environments in Porous Ionic Liquids Determine Selectivity in CO 2 Conversion to Cyclic Carbonates. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3266-3277. [PMID: 37011369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Porous ionic liquids, which are suspensions of nanoporous particles in ionic liquids that maintain permanent porosity, are effective and selective media for the conversion of styrene oxide into styrene carbonate, absorbing CO2 [Zhou et al. Chem. Commun. 2021, 57, 7922-7925]. Here we elucidate the mechanism of selectivity using polarizable molecular dynamics simulations, which provide a detailed view on the structure of the porous ionic liquid and on the local solvation environments of the reacting species. The porous ionic liquids studied are composed of tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium chloride, or [P66614]Cl, and the ZIF-8 zinc-methylimidazolate metal-organic framework (MOF). The CL&Pol polarizable force field was extended to represent epoxide and cyclic carbonate functional groups, allowing the ionic liquid, the reactants, and the MOF to be all represented by fully flexible, polarizable force fields, providing a detailed description of interactions. The presence of reactant and product molecules leads to changes in the structure of the ionic liquid, revealed by domain analysis. The structure of local solvation environments, namely, the arrangement of charged moieties and CO2 around the epoxide ring of the reactant molecules, clearly indicate ring-opening the reaction mechanism. The MOF acts as a reservoir of CO2 through its free volume. The solute molecules are found in the accessible outer cavities of the MOF, which promotes reaction of the epoxide with CO2 excluding other epoxide molecules, thereby preventing the formation of oligomers, which explains the selectivity toward conversion to cyclic carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Clark
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Jocasta Ávila
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Margarida Costa Gomes
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Agilio A H Padua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69342 Lyon, France
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12
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Singh A, Mason TG, Lu Z, Hill AJ, Pas SJ, Teo BM, Freeman BD, Izgorodina EI. Structural elucidation of polydopamine facilitated by ionic liquid solvation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14700-14710. [PMID: 36806848 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Minimal understanding of the formation mechanism and structure of polydopamine (pDA) and its natural analogue, eumelanin, impedes the practical application of these versatile polymers and limits our knowledge of the origin of melanoma. The lack of conclusive structural evidence stems from the insolubility of these materials, which has spawned significantly diverse suggestions of pDA's structure in the literature. We discovered that pDA is soluble in certain ionic liquids. Using these ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents, we present an experimental methodology to solvate pDA, enabling us to identify pDA's chemical structure. The resolved pDA structure consists of self-assembled supramolecular aggregates that contribute to the increasing complexity of the polymer. The underlying molecular energetics of pDA solvation and a macroscopic picture of the disruption of the aggregates using IL solvents have been investigated, along with studies of the aggregation mechanism in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia. .,IITB-Monash Research Academy, Bombay 400076, India
| | - Thomas G Mason
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Zhenzhen Lu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Anita J Hill
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven J Pas
- Maritime Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, 506 Lorimer St Fisherman's Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Boon Mia Teo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Benny D Freeman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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13
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Goloviznina K, Salanne M. Electrochemical Properties and Local Structure of the TEMPO/TEMPO + Redox Pair in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:742-756. [PMID: 36651119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active organic species play an important role in catalysis, energy storage, and biotechnology. One of the representatives is the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical, used as a mediator in organic synthesis and considered a safe alternative to heavy metals. In order to develop a TEMPO-based system with well-controlled electrochemical and catalytic properties, a reaction medium should be carefully chosen. Being highly conductive, stable, and low flammability fluids, ionic liquids (ILs) seem to be promising solvents with easily adjustable physical and solvation properties. In this work, we give an insight into the local structure of ILs around TEMPO and its oxidized form, TEMPO+, underlining striking differences in the solvation of these two species. The analysis is coupled with a study of thermodynamics and kinetics of oxidation in the frame of Marcus theory. Our systematic investigation includes imidazolium, pyrrolydinium, and phosphonium families combined with anions of different size, polarity, and flexibility, opting to provide a clear and comprehensive picture of the impact of the nature of IL ions on the behavior of radical/cation redox pairs. The obtained results will help to explain experimentally observed effects and to rationalize the design of TEMPO/IL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Goloviznina
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039Amiens Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231Paris, France
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14
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Jeong KJ, Jeong S, Lee S, Son CY. Predictive Molecular Models for Charged Materials Systems: From Energy Materials to Biomacromolecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204272. [PMID: 36373701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions play a dominant role in charged materials systems. Understanding the complex correlation between macroscopic properties with microscopic structures is of critical importance to develop rational design strategies for advanced materials. But the complexity of this challenging task is augmented by interfaces present in the charged materials systems, such as electrode-electrolyte interfaces or biological membranes. Over the last decades, predictive molecular simulations that are founded in fundamental physics and optimized for charged interfacial systems have proven their value in providing molecular understanding of physicochemical properties and functional mechanisms for diverse materials. Novel design strategies utilizing predictive models have been suggested as promising route for the rational design of materials with tailored properties. Here, an overview of recent advances in the understanding of charged interfacial systems aided by predictive molecular simulations is presented. Focusing on three types of charged interfaces found in energy materials and biomacromolecules, how the molecular models characterize ion structure, charge transport, morphology relation to the environment, and the thermodynamics/kinetics of molecular binding at the interfaces is discussed. The critical analysis brings two prominent field of energy materials and biological science under common perspective, to stimulate crossover in both research field that have been largely separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
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15
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Tolmachev D, Nazarychev V, Fedotova V, Vorobiov V, Lukasheva N, Smirnov M, Karttunen M. Investigation of structure and properties of polymerizable deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and acrylic acid. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Engelbrecht LDV, Ji X, Carbonaro CM, Laaksonen A, Mocci F. MD simulations explain the excess molar enthalpies in pseudo-binary mixtures of a choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent with water or methanol. Front Chem 2022; 10:983281. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.983281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of molecular liquid cosolvents to choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is increasingly investigated for reducing the inherently high bulk viscosities of the latter, which represent a major obstacle for potential industrial applications. The molar enthalpy of mixing, often referred to as excess molar enthalpy HE—a property reflecting changes in intermolecular interactions upon mixing—of the well-known ChCl/ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) DES mixed with either water or methanol was recently found to be of opposite sign at 308.15 K: Mixing of the DES with water is strongly exothermic, while methanol mixtures are endothermic over the entire mixture composition range. Knowledge of molecular-level liquid structural changes in the DES following cosolvent addition is expected to be important when selecting such “pseudo-binary” mixtures for specific applications, e.g., solvents. With the aim of understanding the reason for the different behavior of selected DES/water or methanol mixtures, we performed classical MD computer simulations to study the changes in intermolecular interactions thought to be responsible for the observed HE sign difference. Excess molar enthalpies computed from our simulations reproduce, for the first time, the experimental sign difference and composition dependence of the property. We performed a structural analysis of simulation configurations, revealing an intriguing difference in the interaction modes of the two cosolvents with the DES chloride anion: water molecules insert between neighboring chloride anions, forming ionic hydrogen-bonded bridges that draw the anions closer, whereas dilution of the DES with methanol results in increased interionic separation. Moreover, the simulated DES/water mixtures were found to contain extended hydrogen-bonded structures containing water-bridged chloride pair arrangements, the presence of which may have important implications for solvent applications.
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17
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Beckmann JB, Rauber D, Philippi F, Goloviznina K, Ward-Williams JA, Sederman AJ, Mantle MD, Pádua A, Kay CW, Welton T, Gladden LF. Molecular Dynamics of Ionic Liquids from Fast-Field Cycling NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7143-7158. [PMID: 36094902 PMCID: PMC9511496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the connection between the molecular structure of ionic liquids and their properties is of paramount importance for practical applications. However, this connection can only be established if a broad range of physicochemical properties on different length and time scales is already available. Even then, the interpretation of the results often remains ambiguous due to the natural limits of experimental approaches. Here we use fast-field cycling (FFC) to access both translational and rotational dynamics of ionic liquids. These combined with a comprehensive physicochemical characterization and MD simulations provide a toolkit to give insight into the mechanisms of molecular mechanics. The FFC results are consistent with the computer simulation and conventional physicochemical approaches. We show that curling of the side chains around the positively charged cationic core is essential for the properties of ether-functionalized ionic liquids, and we demonstrate that neither geometry nor polarity alone are sufficient to explain the macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian
B. B. Beckmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rauber
- Department
of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kateryna Goloviznina
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure
de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jordan A. Ward-Williams
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Andy J. Sederman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mick D. Mantle
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Agílio Pádua
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure
de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Christopher W.
M. Kay
- Department
of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology, University College
London, 17-19 Gordon
Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Welton
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn F. Gladden
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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18
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Russo S, Bodo E. A polarisable force field for bio-compatible ionic liquids based on amino acids anions. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Russo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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19
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Philippi F, Rauber D, Palumbo O, Goloviznina K, McDaniel J, Pugh D, Suarez S, Fraenza CC, Padua A, Kay CWM, Welton T. Flexibility is the key to tuning the transport properties of fluorinated imide-based ionic liquids. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9176-9190. [PMID: 36093026 PMCID: PMC9384794 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids are becoming increasingly popular for practical applications such as biomass processing and lithium-ion batteries. However, identifying ionic liquids with optimal properties for specific applications by trial and error is extremely inefficient since there are a vast number of potential candidate ions. Here we combine experimental and computational techniques to determine how the interplay of fluorination, flexibility and mass affects the transport properties of ionic liquids with the popular imide anion. We observe that fluorination and flexibility have a large impact on properties such as viscosity, whereas the influence of mass is negligible. Using targeted modifications, we show that conformational flexibility provides a significant contribution to the success of fluorination as a design element. Contrary to conventional wisdom, fluorination by itself is thus not a guarantor for beneficial properties such as low viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Daniel Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University Campus B2.2 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Oriele Palumbo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | | | - Jesse McDaniel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - David Pugh
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Sophia Suarez
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of CUNY Brooklyn New York 11210 USA
| | - Carla C Fraenza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of CUNY New York 10065 USA
| | - Agilio Padua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS 69364 Lyon France
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University Campus B2.2 Saarbrücken Germany
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London 17-19 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AH UK
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
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20
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Reis GSA, de Souza RM, Ribeiro MCC. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Far-Infrared Spectrum of a Deep Eutectic Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5695-5705. [PMID: 35858287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are similar to ionic liquids (IL) in terms of physicochemical properties and technical uses. In ILs, far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy has been utilized to reveal ionic interactions and even to produce a signature of the strengthening of the cation-anion hydrogen bond. However, for the situation of the DES, where the mixing of a salt and a molecular species makes the interplay between multiple intermolecular interactions even more complex, a full investigation of FIR spectra is still absent. In this work, the FIR spectrum of the DES, often referred to as ethaline, which is a 1:2 mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, is calculated using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compared to experimental data. To explore the induced dipole effect on the computed FIR spectrum, MD simulations were run with both nonpolarizable and polarizable models. The calculation satisfactorily reproduces the position of the peak at ∼110 cm-1 and the bandwidth seen in the experimental FIR spectrum of ethaline. The MD simulations show that the charge current is the most important contributor to the FIR spectrum, but the cross-correlation between the charge current and dipole reorientation also plays a role in the polarizable model. The dynamics of the chloride-ethylene glycol correlation span a wide frequency range, with a maximum at ∼150 cm-1, but it participates as a direct mechanism only in the charge current-dipole reorientation cross-term. Anion correlations, whose dynamics are regulated via correlation with both ethylene glycol and choline, make the most significant contribution to the charge current mechanism. The MD simulations were also utilized to investigate the effect on the FIR spectrum of adding water to the DES and switching to a 1:1 composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S A Reis
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael M de Souza
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro C C Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Jeanmairet G, Rotenberg B, Salanne M. Microscopic Simulations of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10860-10898. [PMID: 35389636 PMCID: PMC9227719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are devices allowing the storage or production of electricity. They function through the adsorption of ions from an electrolyte on high-surface-area electrodes and are characterized by short charging/discharging times and long cycle-life compared to batteries. Microscopic simulations are now widely used to characterize the structural, dynamical, and adsorption properties of these devices, complementing electrochemical experiments and in situ spectroscopic analyses. In this review, we discuss the main families of simulation methods that have been developed and their application to the main family of EDLCs, which include nanoporous carbon electrodes. We focus on the adsorption of organic ions for electricity storage applications as well as aqueous systems in the context of blue energy harvesting and desalination. We finally provide perspectives for further improvement of the predictive power of simulations, in particular for future devices with complex electrode compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jeanmairet
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie
des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS
3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie
des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l’Énergie
(RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS
3459, 80039 Amiens, France
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie
des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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22
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Liu M, Yan T. A Unified Approach to Derive Atomic Partial Charges and Polarizabilities of Ionic Liquids. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4342-4353. [PMID: 35700352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a unified approach to fit simultaneously a set of atomic partial charges and polarizabilities of the polarizable model against the ab initio electrostatic potential (ESP) and polarizability. The polarizable model is represented with interactive atomic dipoles with distance-dependent attenuation. For the polarizable model employed in this study, the internal electric field on the polarization sites is fully turned on, and thus allows self-induced dipoles, which persist even for an isolated molecule/ion. By such treatment, the contribution of ESP stems not only from the partial charges but also from the self-induced dipoles, and the atomic partial charges and polarizabilities can be fitted simultaneously against ESP in a unified manner. The fitting with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM+) and nitrate (NO3-), a prototypical organic cation and inorganic anion, respectively, that can form ionic liquid, demonstrates that allowance of the self-induced dipoles gives much better fitness. Moreover, test on the total dipole of an EMIM+/NO3- ion pair shows that the agreement with the ab initio dipole is also much improved for the polarizable model, which highlights the importance of the polarization effects of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Liu
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tianying Yan
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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23
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Szabadi A, Schröder C. Recent Developments in Polarizable Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electrolyte Solutions. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416521420035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polarizable molecular dynamics simulations are a fast progressing field in the scientific research of ionic liquids. The fundamentals of polarizable simulations, as well as their application to ionic liquids, were summarized in a review [Bedrov, D.; Piquemal, J.-P.; Borodin, O.; MacKerell, Jr., A. D.; Roux, B.; Schröder, C. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes Using Polarizable Force Fields. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 7940–7995] in 2019. Since then, new methods to treat intermolecular interaction of induced dipoles in these highly charged systems were developed. This concerns the damping of these interactions and additional charge transfer as well as the prediction of ionic materials with ultrahigh refractive indices. In addition to the progress of the polarizable force fields, also thermostats and barostats for polarizable simulations evolved recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabadi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schröder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Yue K, Doherty B, Acevedo O. Comparison between Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and OPLS-Based Force Fields for Ionic Liquid Solvent Organization. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3908-3919. [PMID: 35594504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OPLS-based force fields (FFs) have been shown to provide accurate bulk-phase properties for a wide variety of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). However, the ability of OPLS to reproduce an IL solvent structure is not as well-validated given the relative lack of high-level theoretical or experimental data available for comparison. In this study, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were performed for three widely used ILs: the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with chloride, tetrafluoroborate, or hexafluorophosphate anions, that is, [BMIM][Cl], [BMIM][BF4], and [BMIM][PF6], respectively, as a basis for further assessment of two unique IL FFs: the ±0.8 charge-scaled OPLS-2009IL FF and the OPLS-VSIL FF. The OPLS-2009IL FF employs a traditional all-atom functional form, whereas the OPLS-VSIL FF was developed using a virtual site that offloads negative charge to inside the plane of the ring with careful attention given to reproducing hydrogen bonding. Detailed comparisons between AIMD and the OPLS FFs were made based on radial distribution functions (RDFs), combined distribution functions (CDFs), and spatial distribution functions (SDFs) to examine cation-anion interactions and π+-π+ stacking between the imidazolium rings. While both FFs were able to correctly capture the general solvent structure of these popular ILs, the OPLS-VSIL FF quantitatively reproduced interaction distances more accurately. In addition, this work provides further insights into the different short- and long-range structure patterns of these popular ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Brian Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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25
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Guan Y, Clark R, Philippi F, Zhang X, Welton T. How do external forces related to mass and charge affect the structures and dynamics of an ionic liquid?. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204312. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are novel promising materials widely used in various fields. Their structures and properties can be tuned by means of external perturbations, thus further broadening their applications. Herein, forces proportional to atomic mass (mass-related field) and atomic charge (electric field) are applied in molecular dynamics simulations to the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to investigate the origin of the resulting changes in structures and dynamics. The results show that both electric and mass-related fields cause the ion cages to expand and deform, eventually leading to their breakdown to produce a transformation of IL from cage structure to channel-like structure, which results in faster self-diffusion of ions in the directions of the applied force and to a lesser extent other directions. Further comparison of electric and mass-related fields demonstrates that only the electric fields reorientate cations to produce a hydrodynamically favoured conformation in the force direction which shows faster diffusion. The cis isomer of the anion is preferred in the presence of the electric fields, whereas applying the forces proportional to mass does not change the anion conformer equilibrium significantly. The results presented in this work aid in the understanding of how ions adjust their structures to adapt to external perturbations and facilitates the application of ILs as electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Guan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Ryan Clark
- Imperial College Department of Chemistry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Thomas Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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26
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Shayestehpour O, Zahn S. Ion Correlation in Choline Chloride-Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent (Reline) from Polarizable Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3439-3449. [PMID: 35500254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerged as highly tunable and environmentally friendly alternatives to common ionic liquids and organic solvents. In this work, a polarizable model based on the CHARMM Drude polarizable force field is developed for a 1:2 ratio mixture of choline chloride/urea (reline) DES. To successfully reproduce the structure of the liquid as compared to first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, a damping factor was introduced to correct the observed over-binding between the chloride and the hydrogen bonding site of choline. Investigated radial distributions reveal the formation of hydrogen bonds between all the constituents of reline and similar interactions for chloride and urea's oxygen atoms, which could contribute to the melting point depression of the mixture. Predicted dynamic properties from our polarizable force field are in good agreement with experiments, showing significant improvements over nonpolarizable models. Similar to some ionic liquids, an oscillatory behavior in the velocity autocorrelation function of the anion is visible, which can be interpreted as a rattling motion of the lighter anion surrounded by the heavier cations. The obtained results for ionic conductivity of reline show some degree of correlated ion motion in this DES. However, a joint diffusion of ion pairs cannot be observed during the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Shayestehpour
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Zhang Z, Zofchak E, Krajniak J, Ganesan V. Influence of Polarizability on the Structure, Dynamic Characteristics, and Ion-Transport Mechanisms in Polymeric Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2583-2592. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Everett Zofchak
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jakub Krajniak
- Independent Researcher, os. Kosmonautow 13/56, 61-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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28
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Koutsoukos S, Philippi F, Rauber D, Pugh D, Kay CWM, Welton T. Effect of the cation structure on the properties of homobaric imidazolium ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6453-6468. [PMID: 35244651 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigate the structure-property relationships in a series of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids with almost identical molecular weight. Using a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, we have shown that re-arranging the alkyl side chain or adding functional groups results in quite distinct features in the resultant ILs. The synthesised ILs, although structurally very similar, cover a wide spectrum of properties ranging from highly fluid, glass forming liquids to high melting point crystalline salts. Theoretical ab initio calculations provide insight on minimum energy orientations for the cations, which then are compared to experimental X-ray crystallography measurements to extract information on hydrogen bonding and to verify our understanding of the studied structures. Molecular dynamics simulations of the simplest (core) ionic liquids are used in order to help us interpret our experimental results and understand better why methylation of C2 position of the imidazolium ring results in ILs with such different properties compared to their non-methylated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Daniel Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Pugh
- Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, Kings College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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29
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Forero-Martinez NC, Cortes-Huerto R, Benedetto A, Ballone P. Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: From Nanostructuring to Phase Separation. Molecules 2022; 27:1647. [PMID: 35268747 PMCID: PMC8912101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamics, structures, and applications of thermoresponsive systems, consisting primarily of water solutions of organic salts, are reviewed. The focus is on organic salts of low melting temperatures, belonging to the ionic liquid (IL) family. The thermo-responsiveness is represented by a temperature driven transition between a homogeneous liquid state and a biphasic state, comprising an IL-rich phase and a solvent-rich phase, divided by a relatively sharp interface. Demixing occurs either with decreasing temperatures, developing from an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), or, less often, with increasing temperatures, arising from a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In the former case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both positive, and enthalpy prevails at low T. In the latter case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both negative, and entropy drives the demixing with increasing T. Experiments and computer simulations highlight the contiguity of these phase separations with the nanoscale inhomogeneity (nanostructuring), displayed by several ILs and IL solutions. Current applications in extraction, separation, and catalysis are briefly reviewed. Moreover, future applications in forward osmosis desalination, low-enthalpy thermal storage, and water harvesting from the atmosphere are discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C. Forero-Martinez
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Benedetto
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.); (P.B.)
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Ballone
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.); (P.B.)
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Philippi F, Goloviznina K, Gong Z, Gehrke S, Kirchner B, Pádua AAH, Hunt PA. Charge transfer and polarisability in ionic liquids: a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3144-3162. [PMID: 35040843 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The practical use of ionic liquids (ILs) is benefiting from a growing understanding of the underpinning structural and dynamic properties, facilitated through classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The predictive and explanatory power of a classical MD simulation is inextricably linked to the underlying force field. A key aspect of the forcefield for ILs is the ability to recover charge based interactions. Our focus in this paper is on the description and recovery of charge transfer and polarisability effects, demonstrated through MD simulations of the widely used 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C4C1im][NTf2] IL. We study the charge distributions generated by a range of ab initio methods, and present an interpolation method for determining atom-wise scaled partial charges. Two novel methods for determining the mean field (total) charge transfer from anion to cation are presented. The impact of using different charge models and different partial charge scaling (unscaled, uniformly scaled, atom-wise scaled) are compared to fully polarisable simulations. We study a range of Drude particle explicitly polarisable potentials and shed light on the performance of current approaches to counter known problems. It is demonstrated that small changes in the charge description and MD methodology can have a significant impact; biasing some properties, while leaving others unaffected within the structural and dynamic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Kateryna Goloviznina
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Zheng Gong
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Sascha Gehrke
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agílio A H Pádua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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31
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Bodo E. Perspectives in the Computational Modeling of New Generation, Biocompatible Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3-13. [PMID: 34978449 PMCID: PMC8762658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, I review the current state of computational simulations on ionic liquids with an emphasis on the recent biocompatible variants. These materials are used here as an example of relatively complex systems that highlights the limits of some of the approaches commonly used to study their structure and dynamics. The source of these limits consists of the coexistence of nontrivial electrostatic, many-body quantum effects, strong hydrogen bonds, and chemical processes affecting the mutual protonation state of the constituent molecular ions. I also provide examples on how it is possible to overcome these problems using suitable simulation paradigms and recently improved techniques that, I expect, will be gradually introduced in the state-of-the-art of computational simulations of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bodo
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P. A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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32
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Velez C, Acevedo O. Simulation of deep eutectic solvents: Progress to promises. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Velez
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
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33
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Tolmachev D, Lukasheva N, Ramazanov R, Nazarychev V, Borzdun N, Volgin I, Andreeva M, Glova A, Melnikova S, Dobrovskiy A, Silber SA, Larin S, de Souza RM, Ribeiro MCC, Lyulin S, Karttunen M. Computer Simulations of Deep Eutectic Solvents: Challenges, Solutions, and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:645. [PMID: 35054840 PMCID: PMC8775846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are one of the most rapidly evolving types of solvents, appearing in a broad range of applications, such as nanotechnology, electrochemistry, biomass transformation, pharmaceuticals, membrane technology, biocomposite development, modern 3D-printing, and many others. The range of their applicability continues to expand, which demands the development of new DESs with improved properties. To do so requires an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of DESs. Computer simulation and machine learning techniques provide a fruitful approach as they can predict and reveal physical mechanisms and readily be linked to experiments. This review is devoted to the computational research of DESs and describes technical features of DES simulations and the corresponding perspectives on various DES applications. The aim is to demonstrate the current frontiers of computational research of DESs and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tolmachev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Natalia Lukasheva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Ruslan Ramazanov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Victor Nazarychev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Natalia Borzdun
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Igor Volgin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Andreeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Artyom Glova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sofia Melnikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alexey Dobrovskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Steven A. Silber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sergey Larin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Rafael Maglia de Souza
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil; (R.M.d.S.); (M.C.C.R.)
| | - Mauro Carlos Costa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil; (R.M.d.S.); (M.C.C.R.)
| | - Sergey Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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34
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Bakis E, Goloviznina K, Vaz ICM, Sloboda D, Hazens D, Valkovska V, Klimenkovs I, Padua A, Costa Gomes M. Unravelling free volume in branched-cation ionic liquids based on silicon. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9062-9073. [PMID: 36091212 PMCID: PMC9365092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01696f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The branching of ionic liquid cation sidechains utilizing silicon as the backbone was explored and it was found that this structural feature leads to fluids with remarkably low density and viscosity. The relatively low liquid densities suggest a large free volume in these liquids. Argon solubility was measured using a precise saturation method to probe the relative free volumes. Argon molar solubilities were slightly higher in ionic liquids with alkylsilane and siloxane groups within the cation, compared to carbon-based branched groups. The anion size, however, showed by far the dominant effect on argon solubility. Thermodynamic solvation parameters were derived from the solubility data and the argon solvation environment was modelled utilizing the polarizable CL&Pol force field. Semiquantitative analysis was in agreement with trends established from the experimental data. The results of this investigation demonstrate design principles for targeted ionic liquids when optimisation for the free volume is required, and demonstrate the utility of argon as a simple, noninteracting probe. As more ionic liquids find their way into industrial processes of scale, these findings are important for their utilisation in the capture of any gaseous solute, gas separation, or in processes involving the transformation of gases or small molecules. The branching of ionic liquid cation sidechains utilizing silicon as the backbone was explored and it was found that this structural feature leads to fluids with remarkably low density and viscosity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduards Bakis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Kateryna Goloviznina
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon and CNRS, 46 Allée D’Italie, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Inês C. M. Vaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon and CNRS, 46 Allée D’Italie, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Diana Sloboda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Daniels Hazens
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Valda Valkovska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Igors Klimenkovs
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Agilio Padua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon and CNRS, 46 Allée D’Italie, Lyon 69364, France
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35
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Mudring AV, Hammond O. Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectics as a Transformative Platform for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3865-3892. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are becoming a revolutionary synthesis medium for inorganic nanomaterials, permitting more efficient, safer and environmentally benign preparation of high quality products. A smart combination of ILs and...
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36
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Miranda-Quintana RA, Smiatek J. Specific Ion Effects in Different Media: Current Status and Future Challenges. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13840-13849. [PMID: 34918938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the current state of research as well as the future challenges for a deeper understanding of specific ion effects in protic and aprotic solvents as well as various additional media. Despite recent interest in solute or interfacial effects, we focus exclusively on the specific properties of ions in bulk electrolyte solutions. Corresponding results show that many mechanisms remain unknown for these simple media, although theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have provided some insights into explaining individual observations. In particular, the importance of local interactions and electronic properties is emphasized, which enabled a more consistent interpretation of specific ion effects over the past years. Despite current insufficient knowledge, we also discuss future challenges in relation to dynamic properties as well as the influence of different concentrations, different solvents, and solute contributions to gain a deeper understanding of specific ion effects for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Digitalization Development Biologicals CMC, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397 Biberach (Riss), Germany
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37
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Maglia de Souza R, Karttunen M, Ribeiro MCC. Fine-Tuning the Polarizable CL&Pol Force Field for the Deep Eutectic Solvent Ethaline. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5938-5947. [PMID: 34797679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polarizable force fields are gradually becoming a common choice for ionic soft matter, in particular, for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The CL&Pol force field introduced in 2019 is the first general, transferable, and polarizable force field for MD simulations of different types of DESs. The original formulation contains, however, some problems that appear in simulations of ethaline and may also have a broader impact. First, the originally proposed atomic diameter parameters are unbalanced, resulting in too weak interactions between the chlorides and the hydroxyl groups of the ethylene glycol molecules. This, in turn, causes an artificial phase separation in long simulations. Second, there is an overpolarization of chlorides due to strong induced dipoles that give rise to the presence of peaks and antipeaks at very low q-vector values (2.4 nm-1) in the partial components of the structure factors. In physical terms, this is equivalent to overestimated spatial nanoscale heterogeneity. To correct these problems, we adjusted the chloride-hydroxyl radial distribution functions against ab initio data and then extended the use of the Tang-Toennis damping function for the chlorides' induced dipoles. These adjustments correct the problems without losing the robustness of the CL&Pol force field. The results were also compared with the nonpolarizable version, the CL&P force field. We expect that the corrections will facilitate reliable use of the CL&Pol force field for other types of DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Maglia de Souza
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Mauro Carlos Costa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
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38
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Bulk and interfacial nanostructure and properties in deep eutectic solvents: Current perspectives and future directions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:2430-2454. [PMID: 34785053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a tailorable class of solvents that are rapidly gaining scientific and industrial interest. This is because they are distinct from conventional molecular solvents, inherently tuneable via careful selection of constituents, and possess many attractive properties for applications, including catalysis, chemical extraction, reaction media, novel lubricants, materials chemistry, and electrochemistry. DESs are a class of solvents composed solely of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors with a melting point lower than the individual components and are often fluidic at room temperature. A unique feature of DESs is that they possess distinct bulk liquid and interfacial nanostructure, which results from intra- and inter-molecular interactions, including coulomb forces, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions, electrostatics, dispersion forces, and apolar-polar segregation. This nanostructure manifests as preferential spatial arrangements of the different species, and exists over several length scales, from molecular- to nano- and meso-scales. The physicochemical properties of DESs are dictated by structure-property relationships; however, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the underlying factors which govern their solvent properties. This is a major limitation of DES-based technologies, as nanostructure can significantly influence physical properties and thus potential applications. This perspective provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of DES nanostructure, both in the bulk liquid and at solid interfaces. We provide definitions which clearly distinguish DESs as a unique solvent class, rather than a subset of ILs. An appraisal of recent work provides hints towards trends in structure-property relationships, while also highlighting inconsistencies within the literature suggesting new research directions for the field. It is hoped that this review will provide insight into DES nanostructure, their potential applications, and development of a robust framework for systematic investigation moving forward.
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39
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Hammons JA, Besford QA, Ilavsky J, Christofferson AJ. Manipulating meso-scale solvent structure from Pd nanoparticle deposits in deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:074505. [PMID: 34418930 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are complex solutions that present unique challenges compared to traditional solvents. Unlike most aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquids, DESs have delicate hydrogen bond networks that are responsible for their highly sensitive compositional dependence on the melting point. Prior work has demonstrated a unique nanoscale structure both experimentally and theoretically that brings both challenges and opportunities to their adoption in traditional electrochemical processes. In this study, we use in situ sample-rotated ultra-small angle x-ray scattering to resolve the near-interface solvent structure after electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles onto a glassy carbon electrode in choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:ethylene glycol DESs. Our results indicate that a hierarchical solvent structure can be observed on the meso-scale in the choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:ethylene glycol systems. Importantly, this extended solvent structure increases between -0.3 V and -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and remains high until -0.9 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Experimentally, the nature of this structure is more pronounced in the ethylene glycol system, as evidenced by both the x-ray scattering and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations and dipolar orientation analysis reveal that chloride delocalization near the Pd interface and long-range interactions between the choline and each hydrogen bond donor (HBD) are very different and qualitatively consistent with the experimental data. These results show how the long-range solvent-deposit interactions can be tuned by changing the HBD in the DES and the applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hammons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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40
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Berthin R, Serva A, Reeves KG, Heid E, Schröder C, Salanne M. Solvation of anthraquinone and TEMPO redox-active species in acetonitrile using a polarizable force field. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:074504. [PMID: 34418918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-active molecules are of interest in many fields, such as medicine, catalysis, or energy storage. In particular, in supercapacitor applications, they can be grafted to ionic liquids to form so-called biredox ionic liquids. To completely understand the structural and transport properties of such systems, an insight at the molecular scale is often required, but few force fields are developed ad hoc for these molecules. Moreover, they do not include polarization effects, which can lead to inaccurate solvation and dynamical properties. In this work, we developed polarizable force fields for redox-active species anthraquinone (AQ) and 2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) in their oxidized and reduced states as well as for acetonitrile. We validate the structural properties of AQ, AQ•-, AQ2-, TEMPO•, and TEMPO+ in acetonitrile against density functional theory-based molecular dynamics simulations and we study the solvation of these redox molecules in acetonitrile. This work is a first step toward the characterization of the role played by AQ and TEMPO in electrochemical and catalytic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Berthin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Serva
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kyle G Reeves
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Esther Heid
- Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schröder
- Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
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41
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Goloviznina K, Gong Z, Padua AAH. The
CL
&Pol polarizable force field for the simulation of ionic liquids and eutectic solvents. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Gong
- Laboratoire de Chimie École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS Lyon France
| | - Agilio A. H. Padua
- Laboratoire de Chimie École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS Lyon France
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Koutsoukos S, Philippi F, Malaret F, Welton T. A review on machine learning algorithms for the ionic liquid chemical space. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6820-6843. [PMID: 34123314 PMCID: PMC8153233 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are thousands of papers published every year investigating the properties and possible applications of ionic liquids. Industrial use of these exceptional fluids requires adequate understanding of their physical properties, in order to create the ionic liquid that will optimally suit the application. Computational property prediction arose from the urgent need to minimise the time and cost that would be required to experimentally test different combinations of ions. This review discusses the use of machine learning algorithms as property prediction tools for ionic liquids (either as standalone methods or in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations), presents common problems of training datasets and proposes ways that could lead to more accurate and efficient models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Francisco Malaret
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
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Gong Z, Padua AAH. Effect of side chain modifications in imidazolium ionic liquids on the properties of the electrical double layer at a molybdenum disulfide electrode. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084504. [PMID: 33639754 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of how the molecular structures of ionic liquids (ILs) affect their properties at electrified interfaces is key to the rational design of ILs for electric applications. Polarizable molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the structural, electrical, and dynamic properties of electric double layers (EDLs) formed by imidazolium dicyanamide ([ImX1][DCA]) at the interface with the molybdenum disulfide electrode. The effect of side chain of imidazolium on the properties of EDLs was analyzed by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Im21]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Im81]), 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium ([ImB1]), and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium ([ImO1]) as cations. Using [Im21] as reference, we find that the introduction of octyl or benzyl groups significantly alters the interfacial structures near the cathode because of the reorientation of cations. For [Im81], the positive charge on the cathode induces pronounced polar and non-polar domain separation. In contrast, the hydroxyl group has a minor effect on the interfacial structures. [ImB1] is shown to deliver slightly larger capacitance than other ILs even though it has larger molecular volume than [Im21]. This is attributed to the limiting factor for capacitance being the strong association between counter-ions, instead of the free space available to ions at the interface. For [Im81], the charging mechanism is mainly the exchange between anions and octyl tails, while for the other ILs, the mechanism is mainly the exchange of counter-ions. Analysis on the charging process shows that the charging speed does not correlate strongly with macroscopic bulk dynamics like viscosity. Instead, it is dominated by local displacement and reorientation of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Agilio A H Padua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
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