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Pennington LD, Hesse MJ, Koester DC, McAtee RC, Qunies AM, Hu DX. Property-Based Drug Design Merits a Nobel Prize. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38940466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rory C McAtee
- Drug Hunter, Happy Valley, Oregon 97086, United States
| | | | - Dennis X Hu
- Drug Hunter, Happy Valley, Oregon 97086, United States
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2
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Lv Y, Mi P, Babon JJ, Fan G, Qi J, Cao L, Lang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Kobe B. Small molecule drug discovery targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107217. [PMID: 38777110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway functions as a central hub for transmitting signals from more than 50 cytokines, playing a pivotal role in maintaining hematopoiesis, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including immunodeficiency, autoimmune conditions, hematological disorders, and certain cancers. Proteins within this pathway have emerged as effective therapeutic targets for managing these conditions, with various approaches developed to modulate key nodes in the signaling process, spanning from receptor engagement to transcription factor activation. Following the success of JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib for RA treatment and ruxolitinib for managing primary myelofibrosis, the pharmaceutical industry has obtained approvals for over 10 small molecule drugs targeting the JAK-STAT pathway and many more are at various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we consolidate key strategies employed in drug discovery efforts targeting this pathway, with the aim of contributing to the collective understanding of small molecule interventions in the context of JAK-STAT signaling. We aspire that our endeavors will contribute to advancing the development of innovative and efficacious treatments for a range of diseases linked to this pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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3
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Ryabukhin SV, Bondarenko DV, Trofymchuk SA, Lega DA, Volochnyuk DM. Aza-Heterocyclic Building Blocks with In-Ring CF 2 -Fragment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300283. [PMID: 37873869 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern organic chemistry is a titan supporting and reinforcing pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and material science products. Over the past decades, the organic compounds market has been evolving to meet all the research demands. In this regard, medicinal chemistry is especially dependent on available chemical space as subtle tuning of the molecule structure is required to create a drug with relevant physicochemical properties and a remarkable activity profile. The recent rapid evolution of synthetic methodology to deploy fluorine has brought fluorinated compounds to the spotlight of MedChem community. And now unique properties of fluorine still keep fascinating more and more as its justified installation into a molecular framework has a beneficial impact on membrane permeability, lipophilicity, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic properties, conformation, pKa , etc. The backward influence of medicinal chemistry on organic synthesis has also changed the landscape of the latter towards new fluorinated topologies as well. Such complex relationships create a flexible and ever-changing ecosystem. Given that MedChem investigations strongly lean on the ability to reach suitable building blocks and the existence of reliable synthetic methods in this review we collected advances in the chemistry of respectful, but still enigmatic gem-difluorinated aza-heterocyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D V Bondarenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S A Trofymchuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D A Lega
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 53 Pushkinska str., 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - D M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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4
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Maji L, Sengupta S, Purawarga Matada GS, Teli G, Biswas G, Das PK, Panduranga Mudgal M. Medicinal chemistry perspective of JAK inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, selectivity, and structure activity relationship. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5. [PMID: 38236444 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
JAK-STAT signalling pathway was discovered more than quarter century ago. The JAK-STAT pathway protein is considered as one of the crucial hubs for cytokine secretion which mediates activation of different inflammatory, cellular responses and hence involved in different etiological factors. The various etiological factors involved are haematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. The presence of the active mutation V617K plays a significant role in the progression of the JAK-STAT pathway-related disease. Consequently, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing a range of causative factors. In this current review, we provided a comprehensive discussion for the in-detail study of anatomy and physiology of the JAK-STAT pathway which contributes structural domain rearrangement, activation, and negative regulation associated with the downstream signaling pathway, relationship between different cytokines and diseases. This review also discussed the recent development of clinical trial entities. Additionally, this review also provides updates on FDA-approved drugs. In the current investigation, we have classified recently developed small molecule inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway according to different chemical classes and we emphasized their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gourab Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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5
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Bonelli M, Kerschbaumer A, Kastrati K, Ghoreschi K, Gadina M, Heinz LX, Smolen JS, Aletaha D, O'Shea J, Laurence A. Selectivity, efficacy and safety of JAKinibs: new evidence for a still evolving story. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:139-160. [PMID: 37923366 PMCID: PMC10850682 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-223850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental insight gained over the last decades led to the discovery of cytokines as pivotal drivers of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis/psoriasis arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, atopic dermatitis and spondylarthritis. A deeper understanding of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of various cytokines has prompted new cytokine-targeting therapies, which revolutionised the treatment options in the last years for patients with inflammatory disorders. Disease-associated immune responses typically involve a complex interplay of multiple cytokines. Therefore, blockade of one single cytokine does not necessarily lead to a persistent remission in all patients with inflammatory disorders and fostered new therapeutic strategies targeting intracellular pathways shared by multiple cytokines. By inhibiting JAK-STAT signalling pathways common to families of cytokines, JAK-inhibitors (JAKinibs) have created a new paradigm for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Multiple agents have been approved for various disorders and more are being investigated for several new indications. Second-generation selective JAKinibs have been devised with the aim to achieve an increased selectivity and a possible reduced risk of side effects. In the current review, we will summarise the current body of evidence of pan versus selective JAKinibs and the most recent insights on new side effects and indications, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kerschbaumer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kastriot Kastrati
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, UCLH Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Shareef U, Altaf A, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Almuhayawi MS, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Abdelgawad MA, Nagshabandi MK. A comprehensive review of discovery and development of drugs discovered from 2020-2022. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101913. [PMID: 38204591 PMCID: PMC10777120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To fully evaluate and define the new drug molecule for its pharmacological characteristics and toxicity profile, pre-clinical and clinical studies are conducted as part of the drug research and development process. The average time required for all drug development processes to finish various regulatory evaluations ranges from 11.4 to 13.5 years, and the expense of drug development is rising quickly. The development in the discovery of newer novel treatments is, however, largely due to the growing need for new medications. Methods to identify Hits and discovery of lead compounds along with pre-clinical studies have advanced, and one example is the introduction of computer-aided drug design (CADD), which has greatly shortened the time needed for the drug to go through the drug discovery phases. The pharmaceutical industry will hopefully be able to address the present and future issues and will continue to produce novel molecular entities (NMEs) to satisfy the expanding unmet medical requirements of the patients as the success rate of the drug development processes is increasing. Several heterocyclic moieties have been developed and tested against many targets and proved to be very effective. In-depth discussion of the drug design approaches of newly found drugs from 2020 to 2022, including their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and in-vitro and in-vivo assessments, is the main goal of this review. Considering the many stages these drugs are going through in their clinical trials, this investigation is especially pertinent. It should be noted that synthetic strategies are not discussed in this review; instead, they will be in a future publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Shareef
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Altaf
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Li T, Yang X, Zhu J, Liu Y, Jin X, Chen G, Ye L. Current application status and structure-activity relationship of selective and non-selective JAK inhibitors in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110660. [PMID: 37478665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
JAK kinase includes four family members: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. It forms the JAK-STAT pathway with signal transmitters and activators of subscription (STAT). This pathway is one of the main mechanisms by which many cytokine receptors transduce intracellular signals, it is associated with the occurrence of various immune, inflammatory, and tumor diseases. JAK inhibitors block the signal transduction of the JAK-STAT pathway by targeting JAK kinase. Based on whether they target multiple subtypes of JAK kinase, JAK inhibitors are categorized into pan-JAK inhibitors and selective JAK inhibitors. Compared with pan JAK inhibitors, selective JAK inhibitors are associated with a specific member, thus more targeted in therapy, with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, a number of JAK inhibitors have been approval for disease treatment. This review summarized the current application status of JAK inhibitors that have been marketed, advances of JAK inhibitors currently in phase Ш clinical trials, and the structure-activity relationship of them, with an intention to provide references for the development of novel JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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8
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Roskoski R. Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors approved by regulatory agencies outside of the United States. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106847. [PMID: 37454916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to genetic alterations and overexpression, the dysregulation of protein kinases plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and neoplastic disorders and protein kinase antagonists have become an important drug target. Although the efficacy of imatinib in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the United States in 2001 was the main driver of protein kinase inhibitor drug discovery, this was preceded by the approval of fasudil (a ROCK antagonist) in Japan in 1995 for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. There are 21 small molecule protein kinase inhibitors that are approved in China, Japan, Europe, and South Korea that are not approved in the United Sates and 75 FDA-approved inhibitors in the United States. Of the 21 agents, eleven target receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, eight inhibit nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and two block protein-serine/threonine kinases. All 21 drugs are orally bioavailable or topically effective. Of the non-FDA approved drugs, sixteen are prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases, three are directed toward inflammatory disorders, one is used for glaucoma, and fasudil is used in the management of vasospasm. The leading targets of kinase inhibitors approved by both international regulatory agencies and by the FDA are members of the EGFR family, the VEGFR family, and the JAK family. One-third of the 21 internationally approved drugs are not compliant with Lipinski's rule of five for orally bioavailable drugs. The rule of five relies on four parameters including molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, and the Log of the partition coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791-8717, United States.
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9
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Abstract
An analysis of 156 published clinical candidates from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry between 2018 and 2021 was conducted to identify lead generation strategies most frequently employed leading to drug candidates. As in a previous publication, the most frequent lead generation strategies resulting in clinical candidates were from known compounds (59%) followed by random screening approaches (21%). The remainder of the approaches included directed screening, fragment screening, DNA-encoded library screening (DEL), and virtual screening. An analysis of similarity was also conducted based on Tanimoto-MCS and revealed most clinical candidates were distant from their original hits; however, most shared a key pharmacophore that translated from hit-to-clinical candidate. An examination of frequency of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur incorporation in clinical candidates was also conducted. The three most similar and least similar hit-to-clinical pairs from random screening were examined to provide perspective on changes that occur that lead to successful clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, One Design Center Pl Suite 19-400, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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10
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Martins MS, Almeida IF, Cruz MT, Sousa E. Chronic pruritus: from pathophysiology to drug design. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115568. [PMID: 37116666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus, the most common symptom in dermatology, is an innate response capable of protecting skin against irritants. Nonetheless, when it lasts more than six weeks it is assumed to be a chronic pathology having a negative impact on people's lives. Chronic pruritus (CP) can occur in common and rare skin diseases, having a high prevalence in global population. The existing therapies are unable to counteract CP or are associated with adverse effects, so the development of effective treatments is a pressing issue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CP are not yet completely dissected but, based on current knowledge, involve a wide range of receptors, namely neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), Janus kinase (JAK), and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, especially transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). This review will address the relevance of these molecular targets for the treatment of CP and molecules capable of modulating these receptors that have already been studied clinically or have the potential to possibly alleviate this pathology. According to scientific and clinical literature, there is an increase in the expression of these molecular targets in the lesioned skin of patients experiencing CP when compared with non-lesioned skin, highlighting their importance for the development of potential efficacious drugs through the design of antagonists/inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Martins
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaobel F Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Yokoe H, Kiriyama A, Shimoda M, Nakajima S, Hashizume Y, Endo Y, Iwamoto R, Tsubuki M, Kanoh N. Cis-Selective Double Spirocyclization via Dearomatization and Isomerization under Thermodynamic Control. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1803-1814. [PMID: 36632764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Spiro compounds have been considered key scaffolds for pharmaceutical applications. Although many synthetic methods exist for monospirocycles, fewer approaches are known for dispirocycles. Here, we report a highly cis-selective method for constructing a 5/6/5-dispirocyclic structure containing pyrrolidine and γ-lactam rings with various substituents from a series of N-arylpropiolamides. The high cis-selectivity would result from isomerization under thermodynamic control. Cis- and trans-diastereomers can be in equilibrium, favoring cis-adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yokoe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Shimoda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakajima
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuna Hashizume
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Endo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Iwamoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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12
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Araki H, Furuya S, Kanemoto K, Fukuzawa SI. Chiral Silver Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 1-Pyrroline-5-Carbonitrile to α-Enones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:924-932. [PMID: 36626719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The conjugated addition reaction of 1-pyrroline-5-carbonitrile to α-enones was effectively catalyzed by AgF/ThioClickFerrophos (TCF) in diethyl ether in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and nearly single diastereomers of adducts with good enantiomeric excesses (up to 97% ee) were obtained in high yields. The reduction of the nitrile group with H2/Raney Ni in ethanol successfully transformed the conjugate adduct to the corresponding spirocyclic piperidine (60% yield) as a single stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Araki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shohei Furuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fukuzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Zhang H, He F, Gao G, Lu S, Wei Q, Hu H, Wu Z, Fang M, Wang X. Approved Small-Molecule ATP-Competitive Kinases Drugs Containing Indole/Azaindole/Oxindole Scaffolds: R&D and Binding Patterns Profiling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030943. [PMID: 36770611 PMCID: PMC9920796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are among the most important families of biomolecules and play an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and other critical physiological processes. The dysregulation and gene mutation of kinases are linked to the occurrence and development of various human diseases, especially cancer. As a result, a growing number of small-molecule drugs based on kinase targets are being successfully developed and approved for the treatment of many diseases. The indole/azaindole/oxindole moieties are important key pharmacophores of many bioactive compounds and are generally used as excellent scaffolds for drug discovery in medicinal chemistry. To date, 30 ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors bearing the indole/azaindole/oxindole scaffold have been approved for the treatment of diseases. Herein, we summarize their research and development (R&D) process and describe their binding models to the ATP-binding sites of the target kinases. Moreover, we discuss the significant role of the indole/azaindole/oxindole skeletons in the interaction of their parent drug and target kinases, providing new medicinal chemistry inspiration and ideas for the subsequent development and optimization of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guiping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiaochu Wei
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321004, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiumin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
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14
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Zou S, Yu B, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Aminoalkylative Amination of Unactivated Aminoenynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215325. [PMID: 36409522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for preventing the β-hydride elimination of alkylpalladium species by ligation of the palladium with adjacent amino-group was developed, which enabled a novel palladium-catalyzed ring-closing aminoalkylative amination of unactivated aminoenynes. The reaction is amenable to aminals, as well as aliphatic aldehydes with secondary amines, which provides straightforward access to structurally diverse exocyclic allenic amines bearing 5 to 12-membered N-heterocycles. With chiral phosphoramidite-ligated palladium complex as the catalyst, an enantioselective variant was achieved with up to 93 % ee. Simultaneously, synthetic transformations of the chiral products were also conducted to afford structurally unique spirodiamines including one pharmaceutically active molecule via axial-to-central chirality transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchen Zou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bangkui Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou S, Mao W, Su Y, Zheng X, Qian W, Shen M, Shan N, Li Y, Wang D, Wu S, Sun T, Mu L. Identification of TUL01101: A Novel Potent and Selective JAK1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16716-16740. [PMID: 36512734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is a potential target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, the introduction of a spiro ring with a difluoro-substituted cyclopropionamide resulted in the identification of TUL01101 (compound 36) based on a triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine core of filgotinib. It showed excellent potency on JAK1 with an IC50 value of 3 nM and exhibited more than 12-fold selectivity for JAK2 and TYK2. Whole blood assay also demonstrated the high activity and selectivity (37-fold for JAK2). At the same time, TUL01101 also demonstrated excellent metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles were assayed in three species (mouse, rat, and dog). Moreover, it has been validated for effective activity in the treatment of RA both in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) models, with low dose and low toxicity. Now, TUL01101 has progressed into phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Zhou
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Su
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Zheng
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Meiyue Shen
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Ningli Shan
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Yaoshuang Li
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Degang Wang
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Shouting Wu
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mu
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
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16
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Zhao L, Liang Q, He Y, Liu M, Tong R, Jiang Z, Wang W, Shi J. HDAC/JAK dual target inhibitors of cancer-related targets: The success of nonclearable linked pharmacophore mode. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Coelho A, Behr JB, Vasse JL. Access to 5-bromopentanal and 6-bromohexanal derivatives via the bromination/hydrolysis of C,O-bis-zirconocenes generated from unsaturated Weinreb amides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5803-5811. [PMID: 35833893 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Access to 5-bromopentanal and 6-bromohexanal derivatives from Weinreb amides is described. The method relies on the sequential C-bromination/zircona-aminal hydrolysis of bis-C,O-zirconocenes, which are generated in situ from unsaturated Weinreb amides using Schwartz's reagent. Synthetic illustrations of such bromo-aldehydes, which can act as carbocycle and heterocycle precursors, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Coelho
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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18
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A Comprehensive Overview of Globally Approved JAK Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051001. [PMID: 35631587 PMCID: PMC9146299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinases that includes four members, namely JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. The JAKs transduce cytokine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway, which regulates the transcription of several genes involved in inflammatory, immune, and cancer conditions. Targeting the JAK family kinases with small-molecule inhibitors has proved to be effective in the treatment of different types of diseases. In the current review, eleven of the JAK inhibitors that received approval for clinical use have been discussed. These drugs are abrocitinib, baricitinib, delgocitinib, fedratinib, filgotinib, oclacitinib, pacritinib, peficitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib. The aim of the current review was to provide an integrated overview of the chemical and pharmacological data of the globally approved JAK inhibitors. The synthetic routes of the eleven drugs were described. In addition, their inhibitory activities against different kinases and their pharmacological uses have also been explained. Moreover, their crystal structures with different kinases were summarized, with a primary focus on their binding modes and interactions. The proposed metabolic pathways and metabolites of these drugs were also illustrated. To sum up, the data in the current review could help in the design of new JAK inhibitors with potential therapeutic benefits in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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19
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Moghadam ES, Mireskandari K, Abdel-Jalil R, Amini M. An approach to pharmacological targets of pyrrole family from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2486-2561. [PMID: 35339175 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220325150531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most widely used heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to the importance of pyrrole structure in drug design and development, herein, we tried to conduct an extensive review of the bioactive pyrrole based compounds reported recently. The bioactivity of pyrrole derivatives varies, so in the review, we categorized them based on their direct pharmacologic targets. Therefore, readers are able to find the variety of biologic targets for pyrrole containing compounds easily. This review explains around seventy different biologic targets for pyrrole based derivatives, so, it is helpful for medicinal chemists in design and development novel bioactive compounds for different diseases. This review presents an extensive meaningful structure activity relationship for each reported structure as much as possible. The review focuses on papers published between 2018 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Katayoon Mireskandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Innovation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Emerging topical and oral Janus kinase inhibitors. Allergol Int 2022; 71:40-46. [PMID: 34815171 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, eczematous, severe pruritic skin lesions. The knowledge on the pathogenesis of AD is driving the development of new drugs. From the research results, it has been revealed that Th2 cell-mediated immunity, skin barrier dysfunction, and pruritus cause a vicious cycle of AD. On the other hand, the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway are one of the essential signaling pathways in various inflammatory diseases including AD. In particular, TSLP, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-22 occupy an important position for Th2 cell-mediated immune reaction. Moreover, experimentally pan-JAK inhibitor suppress the STAT3 activation and improved the skin barrier function. Furthermore TSLP, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 contribute a lot to chronic pruritus of AD, and transmitted via JAK-STAT pathway. Therefore, JAK inhibitors are promising candidates for the treatment of severe AD. Here we review clinical trials of topical dergocitinib; a pan-JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib; a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, and tofacitinib; a JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 inhibitor and oral baricitinib; a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, abrocitinib and upadacitinib; JAK1 inhibitor. Significant improvements in the symptoms were obtained by each drug with low frequency of adverse events. In particular, oral JAK inhibitors have the ability to improve the pruritus and skin symptoms quickly. Therefore, the emergence of these topical and oral JAK inhibitors would be regarded as an innovation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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21
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Fardos MI, Singh R, Perche PO, Kelly KA, Feldman SR. Evaluating topical JAK inhibitors as a treatment option for atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 18:221-231. [PMID: 34637367 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.1993061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition mediated by cytokines that utilize the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling cascade. Topical JAK inhibitors are an emerging alternative in the treatment of AD. AREAS COVERED This expert review presents an overview of the underlying molecular pathophysiology of AD, current standards of care, and evaluation of the efficacy and safety of topical JAK inhibitors. A PubMed database search was utilized with a focus on the evidence from double-blind, randomized Phase I, II, and III clinical trials published between January 2015 and July 2021. EXPERT OPINION Current topical therapies for AD are efficacious but limited by their adverse side effects. Long-term topical corticosteroid use leads to loss of pigmentation, striae, and skin atrophy. Patients may be concerned about topical calcineurin inhibitors' black box warning of increased risk of malignancy. Topical crisaborole, a phosphodiesterase four inhibitor, is limited by application site burning. Topical ruxolitinib is a JAK inhibitor comparable to triamcinolone in efficacy without the adverse effects seen with long-term topical corticosteroid use. Although topical JAK inhibitors have promising efficacy and safety profiles, poor medication adherence common to topical treatments may limit their utility in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I Fardos
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Rohan Singh
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Patrick O Perche
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Katherine A Kelly
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States.,Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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22
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Ayala-Aguilera CC, Valero T, Lorente-Macías Á, Baillache DJ, Croke S, Unciti-Broceta A. Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitor Drugs (1995-2021): Medical Indication, Pharmacology, and Synthesis. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1047-1131. [PMID: 34624192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central role of dysregulated kinase activity in the etiology of progressive disorders, including cancer, has fostered incremental efforts on drug discovery programs over the past 40 years. As a result, kinase inhibitors are today one of the most important classes of drugs. The FDA approved 73 small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs until September 2021, and additional inhibitors were approved by other regulatory agencies during that time. To complement the published literature on clinical kinase inhibitors, we have prepared a review that recaps this large data set into an accessible format for the medicinal chemistry community. Along with the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of each kinase inhibitor approved across the world until 2020, we provide the synthesis routes originally used during the discovery phase, many of which were only available in patent applications. In the last section, we also provide an update on kinase inhibitor drugs approved in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C Ayala-Aguilera
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Croke
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
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23
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Silvestri IP, Colbon PJJ. The Growing Importance of Chirality in 3D Chemical Space Exploration and Modern Drug Discovery Approaches for Hit-ID: Topical Innovations. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1220-1229. [PMID: 34413951 PMCID: PMC8366003 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern-day drug discovery is now blessed with a wide range of high-throughput hit identification (hit-ID) strategies that have been successfully validated in recent years, with particular success coming from high-throughput screening, fragment-based lead discovery, and DNA-encoded library screening. As screening efficiency and throughput increases, this enables the viable exploration of increasingly complex three-dimensional (3D) chemical structure space, with a realistic chance of identifying highly specific hit ligands with increased target specificity and reduced attrition rates in preclinical and clinical development. This minireview will explore the impact of an improved design of multifunctionalized, sp3-rich, stereodefined scaffolds on the (virtual) exploration of 3D chemical space and the specific requirements for different hit-ID technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Proietti Silvestri
- Department of Chemistry University
of Liverpool, Liverpool ChiroChem, Ltd., Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Paul J. J. Colbon
- Department of Chemistry University
of Liverpool, Liverpool ChiroChem, Ltd., Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
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24
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Tosstorff A, Cole JC, Bartelt R, Kuhn B. Augmenting Structure-Based Design with Experimental Protein-Ligand Interaction Data: Molecular Recognition, Interactive Visualization, and Rescoring. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3428-3438. [PMID: 34342128 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The previously introduced ratio of frequencies (RF ) framework provides statistically sound information on the relative interaction preferences of atoms in crystal structures. By applying the methodology to protein-ligand complexes, we can investigate the significance of interactions that are employed in structure-based drug design. Here, we revisit three aspects of molecular recognition in the light of the RF framework, namely stacking interactions of heteroaromatic rings with protein amide groups, interactions of acidified C-H groups, and interaction differences between syn and anti lone pairs of carboxylate groups. In addition, we introduce a highly interactive visualization tool that facilitates design idea generation in structure-enabled drug discovery projects. Finally, we show that applying the RF analysis as a simple rescoring tool after docking improves enrichment factors for the DUD-E diverse targets subset supporting the relevance of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tosstorff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason C Cole
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EZ, UK
| | - Richard Bartelt
- Chemical Computing Group, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 11, 50672, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Salehpour M, Azizian J. Exploration of interaction behavior between spiro[indene-2,2'-[1,3,5]oxathiazine]-1,3-diones and DNA with the help of DFT, molecular docking, and MD simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9194-9213. [PMID: 33998964 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1924266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A detailed computational study covering density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of some spirocyclic compounds interacting with a B-DNA has been performed. DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP functional with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and were used to identify the electrophilic and nucleophilic centers in electrostatic forces. NMR results were in agreement with previous experimental data and approved the reliability of the used method and basis set. The in silico screening results showed that spirocyclic compounds fulfill the Lipinski's rule of five and can be developed as potential oral bioavailable drug candidates. Based on molecular docking results, the binding affinities follow the 4c < 4d < 4a = 4b < 4e < 4g < 4f order and ranged from -8.6 to -9.7 kcal/mol indicating a reasonably favorable interaction between DNA and investigated compounds. The adducts were stabilized by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The MD simulations performed for 100 ns and the results are reported in terms of variables such as root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), center of mass (COM) separation distance between DNA and ligands, intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and radial distribution functions (RDF). The MD simulations demonstrated that compounds 4a and 4d bind into the minor groove of 1BNA and may act as potential biological probes for B-DNA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Salehpour
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Azizian
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Genital and Inverse/Intertriginous Psoriasis: An Updated Review of Therapies and Recommendations for Practical Management. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:833-844. [PMID: 33914293 PMCID: PMC8163914 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital and inverse psoriasis can develop in more than one-third of patients who have psoriasis. Psoriatic plaques in the genital and intertriginous skin are challenging to treat because the skin is thin and often occluded, making it more sensitive to certain therapies. Traditional guidelines indicate topical therapies, such as corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), and vitamin D analogs as first-line recommendation in treating genital and inverse psoriasis. There have been developments in the treatment of genital and inverse psoriasis using systemic therapies, including IL-17 inhibitors and PDE-4 inhibitors.
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27
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Manßen M, Deng D, Zheng CHM, DiPucchio RC, Chen D, Schafer LL. Ureate Titanium Catalysts for Hydroaminoalkylation: Using Ligand Design to Increase Reactivity and Utility. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Danfeng Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cameron H. M. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rebecca C. DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Agafonova AV, Funt LD, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. An isoxazole strategy for the synthesis of alkyl 5-amino-4-cyano-1 H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates - versatile building blocks for assembling pyrrolo-fused heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1976-1984. [PMID: 33566047 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A full atom-economical domino method has been developed for the preparation of alkyl 5-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates by transannulation of 5-alkoxyisoxazoles with malononitrile under Fe(ii) catalysis. Alkyl 5-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates are excellent building blocks for various annulation reactions, leading to new derivatives of 1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine. The DFT calculations of mechanistic details of alkyl 5-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate formation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V Agafonova
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Liya D Funt
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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29
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Takiguchi H, Higashi A, Watanabe T, Takeichi T, Shimazaki T, Inaba T. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Delgocitinib, a JAK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Takiguchi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akinobu Higashi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takeichi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimazaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Inaba
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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30
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Meier K, Arús‐Pous J, Reymond J. A Potent and Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor with a Chiral 3D‐Shaped Triquinazine Ring System from Chemical Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Josep Arús‐Pous
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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31
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Xie Z, Yang X, Duan Y, Han J, Liao C. Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Nononcologic Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1283-1345. [PMID: 33481605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Great successes have been achieved in developing small-molecule kinase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutic agents. However, kinase deregulation plays essential roles not only in cancer but also in almost all major disease areas. Accumulating evidence has revealed that kinases are promising drug targets for different diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system disorders, viral infections, and malaria. Indeed, the first small-molecule kinase inhibitor for treatment of a nononcologic disease was approved in 2011 by the U.S. FDA. To date, 10 such inhibitors have been approved, and more are in clinical trials for applications other than cancer. This Perspective discusses a number of kinases and their small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of diseases in nononcologic therapeutic fields. The opportunities and challenges in developing such inhibitors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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32
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Park E, Lee SJ, Moon H, Park J, Jeon H, Hwang JS, Hwang H, Hong KB, Han SH, Choi S, Kang S. Discovery and Biological Evaluation of N-Methyl-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine-5-carboxamide Derivatives as JAK1-Selective Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:958-979. [PMID: 33428419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a key role in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune responses through JAK/STAT signaling; thus, JAK1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Analysis of the binding modes of current JAK inhibitors to JAK isoforms allowed the design of N-alkyl-substituted 1-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b] pyridine carboxamide as a JAK1-selective scaffold, and the synthesis of various methyl amide derivatives provided 4-((cis-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (31g) as a potent JAK1-selective inhibitor. In particular, the (S,S)-enantiomer of 31g (38a) exhibited excellent potency for JAK1 and selectivity over JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. On investigating the effect of 31g on hepatic fibrosis, it was found that it reduces the proliferation and fibrogenic gene expression of TGF-β-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Specifically, 31g significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced migration of HSCs at 0.25 μM in wound-healing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Heegyum Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmi Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Jeon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Central Research Laboratory, KOREA PHARMA Co. Ltd, jeyakgongdan 3-gil, Hyangnam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18622, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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33
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Meier K, Arús‐Pous J, Reymond J. A Potent and Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor with a Chiral 3D‐Shaped Triquinazine Ring System from Chemical Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2074-2077. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Josep Arús‐Pous
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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