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Hart CJ, Riches AG, Tiash S, Abraham R, Fayd'Herbe K, Joch E, Zulfiqar B, Sykes ML, Avery VM, Šlapeta J, Abraham S, Ryan JH, Skinner-Adams TS. Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole 5-carboxamides as potent and selective inhibitors of Giardia duodenalis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023; 23:54-62. [PMID: 37776606 PMCID: PMC10560980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is the causative agent of the neglected diarrhoeal disease giardiasis. While often self-limiting, giardiasis is ubiquitous and impacts hundreds of millions of people annually. It is also a common gastro-intestinal disease of domestic pets, wildlife, and livestock animals. However, despite this impact, there is no vaccine for Giardia currently available. In addition, treatment relies on chemotherapies that are associated with increasing failure rates. To identify new treatment options for giardiasis we recently screened the Compounds Australia Scaffold Library for new chemotypes with selective anti-Giardia activity, identifying three compounds with sub-μM activity and promising selectivity. Here we extended these studies by examining the anti-Giardia activity of series CL9569 compounds. This compound series was of interest given the promising activity (IC50 1.2 μM) and selectivity demonstrated by representative compound, SN00798525 (1). Data from this work has identified an additional three thieno [3,2-b]pyrrole 5-carboxamides with anti-Giardia activity, including 2 which displayed potent cytocidal (IC50 ≤ 10 nM) and selective activity against multiple Giardia strains, including representatives from both human-infecting assemblages and metronidazole resistant parasites. Preclinical studies in mice also demonstrated that 2 is well-tolerated, does not impact the normal gut microbiota and can reduce Giardia parasite burden in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Js Hart
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew G Riches
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Biomedical Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Snigdha Tiash
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Abraham
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keely Fayd'Herbe
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellis Joch
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa L Sykes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John H Ryan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Biomedical Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tina S Skinner-Adams
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Zaitsev KV, Veshchitsky GA, Oprunenko YF, Kharcheva AV, Moiseeva AA, Gloriozov IP, Lermontova EK. 1,2-Bis(triazolyl)tetraphenyldigermanes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300753. [PMID: 37886881 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of [HC≡C-GePh2 -]2 (1) and a number of RCH2 N3 , this work described the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic digermanes, bitriazoles [1,4-C2 HN3 (CH2 R)GePh2 -]2 , 2-12 (R=Ph, p-Tol, p-C6 H4 NMe2 , p-C6 H4 OMe, p-C6 H4 Br, m-C6 H4 NO2 , 2-Naphth, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 CHO, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 COOMe, CH2 P(O)(OEt)2 , COOEt), difficult to produce by other methods. The structural peculiarities of these compounds were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy and by XRD analysis (for 6, 9 and 10). The properties of 1-12 were studied by UV/vis and luminescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT calculations, indicating an effective conjugation in their molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb A Veshchitsky
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kharcheva
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh Lermontova
- N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect, 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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3
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The Synthesis and Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity of Piperidine-4-Carboxamides. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020234. [PMID: 35215828 PMCID: PMC8876412 DOI: 10.3390/v14020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for human cytomegalovirus (CMV) remain limited and are associated with significant adverse effects and the selection of resistant CMV strains in transplant recipients and congenitally infected infants. Although most approved drugs target and inhibit the CMV DNA polymerase, additional agents with distinct mechanisms of action are needed for the treatment and prevention of CMV. In a large high throughput screen using our CMV-luciferase reporter Towne, we identified several unique inhibitors of CMV replication. Here, we synthesize and test in vitro 13 analogs of the original NCGC2955 hit (1). Analogs with no activity against the CMV-luciferase at 10 µM and 30 µM (2–6, 10–14) were removed from further analysis. Three analogs (7–9) inhibited CMV replication in infected human foreskin fibroblasts. The EC50 of (1) was 1.7 ± 0.6 µM and 1.99 ± 0.15 µM, based on luciferase and plaque assay, respectively. Compounds 7, 8, and 9 showed similar activities: the EC50 values of 7 were 0.21 ± 0.06 µM (luciferase) and 0.55 ± 0.06 (plaque), of 8: 0.28 ± 0.06 µM and 0.42 ± 0.07, and of 9: 0.30 ± 0.05 µM (luciferase) and 0.35 ± 0.07 (plaque). The CC50 for 7, 8, and 9 in non-infected human foreskin fibroblasts was > 500µM, yielding a selectivity index of >1500. Compounds 1, 7, and 8 were also tested in CMV-infected primary human hepatocytes and showed a dose–response against CMV by luciferase activity and viral protein expression. None of the active compounds inhibited herpes simplex virus 1 or 2. Compounds 7 and 8 inhibited mouse CMV replication in vitro. Both inhibited CMV at late stages of replication; 7 reduced virus yield at all late time points, although not to the same degree as letermovir. Finally, the activity of analog 8 was additive with newly identified CMV inhibitors (MLS8969, NFU1827, MSL8554, and MSL8091) and with ganciclovir. Further structural activity development should provide promising anti-CMV agents for use in clinical studies.
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Battisti V, Urban E, Langer T. Antivirals against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 34372513 PMCID: PMC8310245 DOI: 10.3390/v13071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has re-emerged in recent decades, causing large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterised by severe joint pain and myalgia. As many patients develop a painful chronic stage and neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available, the development of a potent CHIKV inhibiting drug is crucial for CHIKF treatment. A comprehensive summary of current antiviral research and development of small-molecule inhibitor against CHIKV is presented in this review. We highlight different approaches used for the identification of such compounds and further discuss the identification and application of promising viral and host targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (E.U.)
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5
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Silva LR, Rodrigues ÉEDS, Taniele-Silva J, Anderson L, Araújo-Júnior JXD, Bassi ÊJ, Silva-Júnior EFD. Targeting Chikungunya Virus Entry: alternatives for new inhibitors in drug discovery. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:612-634. [PMID: 34165405 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210623165005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an Alphavirus (Togaviridae) responsible for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) that is mainly characterized by a severe polyarthralgia, in which it is transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Nowadays, there no licensed vaccines or approved drugs to specifically treat this viral disease. Structural viral proteins participate in key steps of its replication cycle, such as viral entry, membrane fusion, nucleocapsid assembly, and virus budding. In this context, envelope E3-E2-E1 glycoproteins complex could be targeted for designing new drug candidates. In this review, aspects of the CHIKV entry process are discussed to provide insights to assist the drug discovery process. Moreover, several natural, nature-based and synthetic compounds, as well as repurposed drugs and virtual screening, are also explored as alternatives for developing CHIKV entry inhibitors. Finally, we provided a complimentary analysis of studies involving inhibitors that were not explored by in silico methods. Based on this, Phe118, Val179, and Lys181 were found to be the most frequent residues, being present in 89.6, 82.7, and 93.1% of complexes, respectively. Lastly, some chemical aspects associated with interactions of these inhibitors and mature envelope E3-E2-E1 glycoproteins' complex were discussed to provide data for scientists worldwide, supporting their search for new inhibitors against this emerging arbovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rocha Silva
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Érica Erlanny da Silva Rodrigues
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Jamile Taniele-Silva
- IMUNOREG - Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Anderson
- IMUNOREG - Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Ênio José Bassi
- IMUNOREG - Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Edeildo F da Silva-Júnior
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
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6
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Schmidt EY, Semenova NV, Tatarinova IV, Ushakov IA, Vashchenko AV, Trofimov BA. Functionalized Thieno[3,2‐
b
]pyrroles from Acylthiophenes, Acetylene Gas and Hydrazines in Two Steps. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu. Schmidt
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS 1 Favorsky St Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V. Semenova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS 1 Favorsky St Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Inna V. Tatarinova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS 1 Favorsky St Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS 1 Favorsky St Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Vashchenko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS 1 Favorsky St Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Boris A. Trofimov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS 1 Favorsky St Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
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7
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Ahmed SK, Haese NN, Cowan JT, Pathak V, Moukha-Chafiq O, Smith VJ, Rodzinak KJ, Ahmad F, Zhang S, Bonin KM, Streblow AD, Streblow CE, Kreklywich CN, Morrison C, Sarkar S, Moorman N, Sander W, Allen R, DeFilippis V, Tekwani BL, Wu M, Hirsch AJ, Smith JL, Tower NA, Rasmussen L, Bostwick R, Maddry JA, Ananthan S, Gerdes JM, Augelli-Szafran CE, Suto MJ, Morrison TE, Heise MT, Streblow DN, Pathak AK. Targeting Chikungunya Virus Replication by Benzoannulene Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4762-4786. [PMID: 33835811 PMCID: PMC9774970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A benzo[6]annulene, 4-(tert-butyl)-N-(3-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl) benzamide (1a), was identified as an inhibitor against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) with antiviral activity EC90 = 1.45 μM and viral titer reduction (VTR) of 2.5 log at 10 μM with no observed cytotoxicity (CC50 = 169 μM) in normal human dermal fibroblast cells. Chemistry efforts to improve potency, efficacy, and drug-like properties of 1a resulted in a novel lead compound 8q, which possessed excellent cellular antiviral activity (EC90 = 270 nM and VTR of 4.5 log at 10 μM) and improved liver microsomal stability. CHIKV resistance to an analog of 1a, compound 1c, tracked to a mutation in the nsP3 macrodomain. Further mechanism of action studies showed compounds working through inhibition of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in addition to CHIKV nsP3 macrodomain. Moderate efficacy was observed in an in vivo CHIKV challenge mouse model for compound 8q as viral replication was rescued from the pyrimidine salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaden T. Cowan
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Vibha Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Omar Moukha-Chafiq
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Valerie J. Smith
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Kevin J. Rodzinak
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Kiley M. Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Aaron D. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Clayton Morrison
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nathaniel Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wes Sander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robbie Allen
- Oregon Translational Research and Development Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Mousheng Wu
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Alec J. Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Jessica L. Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Nichole A. Tower
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Lynn Rasmussen
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Robert Bostwick
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Joseph A. Maddry
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - John M Gerdes
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Suto
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Ashish K. Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern, Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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8
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Fu DJ, Li J, Yu B. Annual review of LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors in 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113254. [PMID: 33581557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) has emerged as a promising target for the discovery of specific inhibitors as antitumor drugs. Based on the source of compounds, all LSD1 inhibitors in this review are divided into two categories: natural LSD1 inhibitors and synthetic LSD1 inhibitors. This review highlights the research progress of LSD1 inhibitors with the potential to treat cancer covering articles published in 2020. Design strategies, structure-activity relationships, co-crystal structure analysis and action mechanisms are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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9
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Miftakhov MS. Aromatic and Heteroaromatic 4-Benzyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carbohydrazides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Miftakhov MS. New Carboxamides of the Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole Series. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Yue Y, Shao H, Wang Z, Wang K, Wang L, Zhuo K, Liu J. Elemental-Sulfur-Incorporated Cyclizations of Pyrrolidines Leading to Thienopyrroles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11265-11279. [PMID: 32701277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report, herein, the synthesis of thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles from the direct oxidative [4 + 1] cyclization of 2-alkynyl pyrrolidines with elemental sulfur. This transformation likely originates from electrophilic attack at the β-position of pyrrolidine followed by an intramolecular thienannulation to deliver the desired product. Mechanistic investigation suggests that the present reaction involves the formation of dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole as an intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Kelei Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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12
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Egorov VA, Miftakhov MS. 4H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carbohydrazides and Their Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020090079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Computer-Aided Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Evaluation of Novel Acrylamides as Potential Inhibitors of E3-E2-E1 Glycoproteins Complex from Chikungunya Virus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070141. [PMID: 32629969 PMCID: PMC7407227 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes an infectious disease characterized by inflammation and pain of the musculoskeletal tissues accompanied by swelling in the joints and cartilage damage. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or chemotherapeutic agents to prevent or treat CHIKV infections. In this context, our research aimed to explore the potential in vitro anti-CHIKV activity of acrylamide derivatives. In silico methods were applied to 132 Michael’s acceptors toward the six most important biological targets from CHIKV. Subsequently, the ten most promising acrylamides were selected and synthesized. From the cytotoxicity MTT assay, we verified that LQM330, 334, and 336 demonstrate high cell viability at 40 µM. Moreover, these derivatives exhibited anti-CHIKV activities, highlighting the compound LQM334 which exhibited an inhibition value of 81%. Thus, docking simulations were performed to suggest a potential CHIKV-target for LQM334. It was observed that the LQM334 has a high affinity towards the E3-E2-E1 glycoproteins complex. Moreover, LQM334 reduced the percentage of CHIKV-positive cells from 74.07 to 0.88%, 48h post-treatment on intracellular flow cytometry staining. In conclusion, all virtual simulations corroborated with experimental results, and LQM334 could be used as a promising anti-CHIKV scaffold for designing new drugs in the future.
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14
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Miftakhov MS. 4H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate Conjugates with Taurine and Its Tetrabutylammonium Salt. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Cirne-Santos CC, Barros CDS, Nogueira CCR, Azevedo RC, Yamamoto KA, Meira GLS, de Vasconcelos ZFM, Ratcliffe NA, Teixeira VL, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Ferreira DF, Paixão ICNDP. Inhibition by Marine Algae of Chikungunya Virus Isolated From Patients in a Recent Disease Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2426. [PMID: 31708898 PMCID: PMC6821653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is one of the most challenging re-emergent diseases caused by a virus, and with no specific antiviral treatment it has now become a major public health concern. In this investigation, 25 blood samples were collected from patients with characteristic CHIKV symptoms and submitted to a virus isolation protocol, which detected 3 CHIKV isolates. These samples were evaluated by sequencing for the characterization of the strains and any homology to viruses circulating in Brazil during a recent outbreak. These viruses were used for the development of antiviral assays. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of seaweed extracts on CHIKV replication were studied. The marine species of algae tested were Bryothamnion triquetrum, Caulerpa racemosa, Laurencia dendroidea, Osmundaria obtusiloba, Ulva fasciata, and Kappaphycus alvarezii, all of which are found in different countries including Brazil. The results revealed high levels of CHIKV inhibition, including extracts of O. obtusiloba with inhibition values of 1.25 μg/mL and a selectivity index of 420. Viral inhibition was dependent on the time of addition of extract of O. obtusiloba to the infected cells, with the optimal inhibition occurring up to 16 h after infection. Neuron evaluations with O. obtusiloba were performed and demonstrated low toxicity, and in infected neurons we observed high inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the algal extracts may be promising novel candidates for the development of therapeutic agents against CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cesar Cirne-Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Departamento de Ensino, Curso de Farmácia na Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Souza Barros
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Caio Cesar Richter Nogueira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kristie Aimi Yamamoto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Louzada Silva Meira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia e Taxonomia de Algas (LABIOTAL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davis Fernandes Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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16
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Carissimo G, Chan YH, Utt A, Chua TK, Bakar FA, Merits A, Ng LFP. VCP/p97 Is a Proviral Host Factor for Replication of Chikungunya Virus and Other Alphaviruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2236. [PMID: 31636613 PMCID: PMC6787436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved AAA+ ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) was previously shown to be a proviral host factor for several viruses from different viral families such as Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, and Herpesviridae. VCP was shown to affect trafficking of Sindbis virus receptor and functions as a component of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicase compartment. However, the role of this cellular protein was not evaluated during replication of alphaviruses including chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Using siRNA, chemical inhibitors, and trans-replication assays, we show here that VCP is a proviral factor involved in the replication of CHIKV. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that VCP co-localized with non-structural replicase proteins but not with dsRNA foci possibly due to VCP epitope unavailability. VCP pro-viral role is also observed with other alphaviruses such as o’nyong’nyong virus (ONNV) and SFV in different human cell lines. VCP proviral roles on several viral families now extend to replication of alphaviruses CHIKV and ONNV, emphasizing the pivotal role of VCP in virus–host interaction biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Age Utt
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tze-Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farhana Abu Bakar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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17
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Pérez-Pérez MJ, Delang L, Ng LFP, Priego EM. Chikungunya virus drug discovery: still a long way to go? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:855-866. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1629413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Levi LI, Vignuzzi M. Arthritogenic Alphaviruses: A Worldwide Emerging Threat? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050133. [PMID: 31091828 PMCID: PMC6560413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are responsible for a dengue-like syndrome associated with severe debilitating polyarthralgia that can persist for months or years and impact life quality. Chikungunya virus is the most well-known member of this family since it was responsible for two worldwide epidemics with millions of cases in the last 15 years. However, other arthritogenic alphaviruses that are as of yet restrained to specific territories are the cause of neglected tropical diseases: O'nyong'nyong virus in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mayaro virus in Latin America, and Ross River virus in Australia and the Pacific island countries and territories. This review evaluates their emerging potential in light of the current knowledge for each of them and in comparison to chikungunya virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Levi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
- Ecole doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
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19
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Cirne-Santos CC, Barros CDS, Nogueira CCR, Azevedo RC, Yamamoto KA, Meira GLS, de Vasconcelos ZFM, Ratcliffe NA, Teixeira VL, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Ferreira DF, Paixão ICNDP. Inhibition by Marine Algae of Chikungunya Virus Isolated From Patients in a Recent Disease Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro. Front Microbiol 2019. [PMID: 31708898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb201902426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is one of the most challenging re-emergent diseases caused by a virus, and with no specific antiviral treatment it has now become a major public health concern. In this investigation, 25 blood samples were collected from patients with characteristic CHIKV symptoms and submitted to a virus isolation protocol, which detected 3 CHIKV isolates. These samples were evaluated by sequencing for the characterization of the strains and any homology to viruses circulating in Brazil during a recent outbreak. These viruses were used for the development of antiviral assays. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of seaweed extracts on CHIKV replication were studied. The marine species of algae tested were Bryothamnion triquetrum, Caulerpa racemosa, Laurencia dendroidea, Osmundaria obtusiloba, Ulva fasciata, and Kappaphycus alvarezii, all of which are found in different countries including Brazil. The results revealed high levels of CHIKV inhibition, including extracts of O. obtusiloba with inhibition values of 1.25 μg/mL and a selectivity index of 420. Viral inhibition was dependent on the time of addition of extract of O. obtusiloba to the infected cells, with the optimal inhibition occurring up to 16 h after infection. Neuron evaluations with O. obtusiloba were performed and demonstrated low toxicity, and in infected neurons we observed high inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the algal extracts may be promising novel candidates for the development of therapeutic agents against CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cesar Cirne-Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino, Curso de Farmácia na Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Souza Barros
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Caio Cesar Richter Nogueira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kristie Aimi Yamamoto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Louzada Silva Meira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Taxonomia de Algas (LABIOTAL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davis Fernandes Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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20
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Torosyan SA, Gimalova FA, Zagitov VV, Erastov AS, Miftakhov MS. Synthesis of N-Substituted Methyl 4H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Gómez-SanJuan A, Gamo AM, Delang L, Pérez-Sánchez A, Amrun SN, Abdelnabi R, Jacobs S, Priego EM, Camarasa MJ, Jochmans D, Leyssen P, Ng LFP, Querat G, Neyts J, Pérez-Pérez MJ. Inhibition of the Replication of Different Strains of Chikungunya Virus by 3-Aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidin-7(6 H)-ones. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:605-619. [PMID: 29406692 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The re-emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a serious global health threat. CHIKV is an alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes; therefore, their wide distribution significantly contributes to the globalization of the disease. Unfortunately, no effective antiviral drugs are available. We have identified a series of 3-aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidin-7(6 H)-ones as selective inhibitors of CHIKV replication. New series of compounds have now been synthesized with the aim to improve their physicochemical properties and to potentiate the inhibitory activity against different CHIKV strains. Among these newly synthesized compounds modified at position 3 of the aryl ring, tetrahydropyranyl and N- t-butylpiperidine carboxamide derivatives have shown to elicit potent antiviral activity against different clinically relevant CHIKV isolates with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.30 to 4.5 μM in Vero cells, as well as anti-CHIKV activity in human skin fibroblasts (EC50 = 0.1 μM), a clinically relevant cell system for CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-SanJuan
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-María Gamo
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 04-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Jacobs
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva-María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 04-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Gilles Querat
- UMR “Émergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ−IRD 190−Inserm 1207−EHESP−IHU Méditerranée Infection), 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Self-condensation of N-substituted (4 H -thieno[3,2- b ]-pyrrol-5-yl)methanols into bis(thienopyrrolyl)methanes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Macías MA, Castillo JC, Portilla J. A series of (E)-5-(arylideneamino)-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitriles and their reduction products to secondary amines: syntheses and X-ray structural studies. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:82-93. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617017260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficent access to a series of N-(pyrrol-2-yl)amines, namely (E)-1-tert-butyl-5-[(4-chlorobenzylidene)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H16ClN3, (7a), (E)-1-tert-butyl-5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H15Cl2N3, (7b), (E)-1-tert-butyl-5-[(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C15H16N4, (7c), 1-tert-butyl-5-[(4-chlorobenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H18ClN3, (8a), and 1-tert-butyl-5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H17Cl2N3, (8b), by a two-step synthesis sequence (solvent-free condensation and reduction) starting from 5-amino-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile is described. The syntheses proceed via isolated N-(pyrrol-2-yl)imines, which are also key synthetic intermediates of other valuable compounds. The crystal structures of the reduced compounds showed a reduction in the symmetry compared with the corresponding precursors, viz. Pbcm to P\overline{1} from compound (7a) to (8a) and P21/c to P\overline{1} from compound (7b) to (8b), probably due to a severe change in the molecular conformations, resulting in the loss of planarity observed in the nonreduced compounds. In all of the crystals, the supramolecular assembly is controlled mainly by strong (N,C)—H...N hydrogen bonds. However, in the case of (7a)–(7c), C—H...Cl interactions are strong enough to help in the three-dimensional architecture, as observed in Hirshfeld surface maps.
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24
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da Silva-Júnior EF, Leoncini GO, Rodrigues ÉES, Aquino TM, Araújo-Júnior JX. The medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4219-4244. [PMID: 28689975 PMCID: PMC7126832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an important threat to human and animal health globally. Among these, zoonotic diseases account for billions of cases of human illness and millions of deaths every year, representing an increasing public health problem. Chikungunya virus belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togariridae, and is transmitted mainly by the bite of female mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti and/or A. albopictus species. The focus of this review will be on the medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus, including synthetic and natural products, as well as rationally designed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeildo F da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil; Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni O Leoncini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil; Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil
| | - Érica E S Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Aquino
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil
| | - João X Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil; Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil.
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25
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Antiviral activity of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones against chikungunya virus targeting the viral capping nsP1. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:216-222. [PMID: 28619679 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. Since 2005, CHIKV has been spreading worldwide resulting in epidemics in Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, Asia and more recently in the Americas. CHIKV is thus considered as a global health concern. There is no specific vaccine or drug available for the treatment of this incapacitating viral infection. We previously identified 3-aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones as selective inhibitors of CHIKV replication and proposed the viral capping enzyme nsP1 as a target. This work describes the synthesis of novel series of related compounds carrying at the aryl moiety a methylketone and related oximes combined with an ethyl or an ethyl-mimic at 5-position of the triazolopyrimidinone. These compounds have shown antiviral activity against different CHIKV isolates in the very low μM range based on both virus yield reduction and virus-induced cell-killing inhibition assays. Moreover, these antivirals inhibit the in vitro guanylylation of alphavirus nsP1, as determined by Western blot using an anti-cap antibody. Thus, the data obtained seem to indicate that the anti-CHIKV activity might be related to the inhibition of this crucial step in the viral RNA capping machinery.
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26
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Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Nitroalkenes: Synthesis of Thienopyrroles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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Ching KC, Tran TNQ, Amrun SN, Kam YW, Ng LFP, Chai CLL. Structural Optimizations of Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole Derivatives for the Development of Metabolically Stable Inhibitors of Chikungunya Virus. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3165-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chieh Ching
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, No. 05-01,
28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Thi Ngoc Quy Tran
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, No. 04-06, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, No. 04-06, 138648, Singapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, No. 04-06, 138648, Singapore
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, No.
14-01T, 117599, Singapore
| | - Christina L. L. Chai
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, No. 05-01,
28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros Building, No. 07-01/02/03, 138665, Singapore
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28
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Vianello P, Sartori L, Amigoni F, Cappa A, Fagá G, Fattori R, Legnaghi E, Ciossani G, Mattevi A, Meroni G, Moretti L, Cecatiello V, Pasqualato S, Romussi A, Thaler F, Trifiró P, Villa M, Botrugno OA, Dessanti P, Minucci S, Vultaggio S, Zagarrí E, Varasi M, Mercurio C. Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamides as New Reversible Inhibitors of Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM1A/LSD1. Part 2: Structure-Based Drug Design and Structure–Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1693-1715. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vianello
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Sartori
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Amigoni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Cappa
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fagá
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Raimondo Fattori
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Legnaghi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata
1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata
1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meroni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Loris Moretti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Crystallography
Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- IFOM- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Crystallography
Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Romussi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Florian Thaler
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Trifiró
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Villa
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Oronza A. Botrugno
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Dessanti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Vultaggio
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Zagarrí
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Genextra Group, DAC s.r.l., Via
Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
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29
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Sartori L, Mercurio C, Amigoni F, Cappa A, Fagá G, Fattori R, Legnaghi E, Ciossani G, Mattevi A, Meroni G, Moretti L, Cecatiello V, Pasqualato S, Romussi A, Thaler F, Trifiró P, Villa M, Vultaggio S, Botrugno OA, Dessanti P, Minucci S, Zagarrí E, Carettoni D, Iuzzolino L, Varasi M, Vianello P. Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamides as New Reversible Inhibitors of Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM1A/LSD1. Part 1: High-Throughput Screening and Preliminary Exploration. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1673-1692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sartori
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Genextra
Group, DAC s.r.l., Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Amigoni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Cappa
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fagá
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Raimondo Fattori
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Legnaghi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata
1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata
1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meroni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Loris Moretti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Crystallography
Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- IFOM- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Crystallography
Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Romussi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Florian Thaler
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Trifiró
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Villa
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Vultaggio
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Oronza A. Botrugno
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Dessanti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Zagarrí
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Varasi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Vianello
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
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30
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Abdelnabi R, Amrun SN, Ng LFP, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Delang L. Protein kinases C as potential host targets for the inhibition of chikungunya virus replication. Antiviral Res 2016; 139:79-87. [PMID: 28039020 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that prostratin, a non-tumor promoting phorbol ester, inhibits chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced cytopathic effects in vitro. Prostratin is a potent activator of protein kinases C (PKC), a family of related serine/threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of the anti-CHIKV activity of prostratin. Prostratin reduced the production of infectious virus particles and viral protein accumulation in a dose-dependent manner at a post-entry step during virus replication. The antiviral effect of the compound was cell-dependent, with potent antiviral activity observed in human skin fibroblasts cells, the primary target cells of CHIKV infection. The antiviral activity of prostratin was markedly reduced in the presence of PKC inhibitors, therefore confirming that the antiviral effect results from an activation of PKCs. Together these results showed that PKCs are potential host targets for the inhibition of CHIKV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Design and Validation of Novel Chikungunya Virus Protease Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:7382-7395. [PMID: 27736770 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01421-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; genus Alphavirus) is the causative agent of chikungunya fever. CHIKV replication can be inhibited by some broad-spectrum antiviral compounds; in contrast, there is very little information about compounds specifically inhibiting the enzymatic activities of CHIKV replication proteins. These proteins are translated in the form of a nonstructural (ns) P1234 polyprotein precursor from the CHIKV positive-strand RNA genome. Active forms of replicase enzymes are generated using the autoproteolytic activity of nsP2. The available three-dimensional (3D) structure of nsP2 protease has made it a target for in silico drug design; however, there is thus far little evidence that the designed compounds indeed inhibit the protease activity of nsP2 and/or suppress CHIKV replication. In this study, a set of 12 compounds, predicted to interact with the active center of nsP2 protease, was designed using target-based modeling. The majority of these compounds were shown to inhibit the ability of nsP2 to process recombinant protein and synthetic peptide substrates. Furthermore, all compounds found to be active in these cell-free assays also suppressed CHIKV replication in cell culture, the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of the most potent inhibitor being ∼1.5 μM. Analysis of stereoisomers of one compound revealed that inhibition of both the nsP2 protease activity and CHIKV replication depended on the conformation of the inhibitor. Combining the data obtained from different assays also indicates that some of the analyzed compounds may suppress CHIKV replication using more than one mechanism.
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32
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Varghese FS, Thaa B, Amrun SN, Simarmata D, Rausalu K, Nyman TA, Merits A, McInerney GM, Ng LFP, Ahola T. The Antiviral Alkaloid Berberine Reduces Chikungunya Virus-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. J Virol 2016; 90:9743-9757. [PMID: 27535052 PMCID: PMC5068526 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01382-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has infected millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions since its reemergence in the last decade. We recently identified the nontoxic plant alkaloid berberine as an antiviral substance against CHIKV in a high-throughput screen. Here, we show that berberine is effective in multiple cell types against a variety of CHIKV strains, also at a high multiplicity of infection, consolidating the potential of berberine as an antiviral drug. We excluded any effect of this compound on virus entry or on the activity of the viral replicase. A human phosphokinase array revealed that CHIKV infection specifically activated the major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Upon treatment with berberine, this virus-induced MAPK activation was markedly reduced. Subsequent analyses with specific inhibitors of these kinases indicated that the ERK and JNK signaling cascades are important for the generation of progeny virions. In contrast to specific MAPK inhibitors, berberine lowered virus-induced activation of all major MAPK pathways and resulted in a stronger reduction in viral titers. Further, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of berberine in a mouse model and measured a significant reduction of CHIKV-induced inflammatory disease. In summary, we demonstrate the efficacy of berberine as a drug against CHIKV and highlight the importance of the MAPK signaling pathways in the alphavirus infectious cycle. IMPORTANCE Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe and persistent muscle and joint pain and has recently spread to the Americas. No licensed drug exists to counter this virus. In this study, we report that the alkaloid berberine is antiviral against different CHIKV strains and in multiple human cell lines. We demonstrate that berberine collectively reduced the virus-induced activation of cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The relevance of these signaling cascades in the viral life cycle was emphasized by specific inhibitors of these kinase pathways, which decreased the production of progeny virions. Berberine significantly reduced CHIKV-induced inflammatory disease in a mouse model, demonstrating efficacy of the drug in vivo Overall, this work makes a strong case for pursuing berberine as a potential anti-CHIKV therapeutic compound and for exploring the MAPK signaling pathways as antiviral targets against alphavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny S Varghese
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bastian Thaa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Diane Simarmata
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kai Rausalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerald M McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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