1
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Zhao J, Li X, Ma T, Chang B, Zhang B, Fang J. Glutathione-triggered prodrugs: Design strategies, potential applications, and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1013-1054. [PMID: 38140851 DOI: 10.1002/med.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The burgeoning prodrug strategy offers a promising avenue toward improving the efficacy and specificity of cytotoxic drugs. Elevated intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) have been regarded as a hallmark of tumor cells and characteristic feature of the tumor microenvironment. Considering the pivotal involvement of elevated GSH in the tumorigenic process, a diverse repertoire of GSH-triggered prodrugs has been developed for cancer therapy, facilitating the attenuation of deleterious side effects associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and/or the attainment of more efficacious therapeutic outcomes. These prodrug formulations encompass a spectrum of architectures, spanning from small molecules to polymer-based and organic-inorganic nanomaterial constructs. Although the GSH-triggered prodrugs have been gaining increasing interests, a comprehensive review of the advancements made in the field is still lacking. To fill the existing lacuna, this review undertakes a retrospective analysis of noteworthy research endeavors, based on a categorization of these molecules by their diverse recognition units (i.e., disulfides, diselenides, Michael acceptors, and sulfonamides/sulfonates). This review also focuses on explaining the distinct benefits of employing various chemical architecture strategies in the design of these prodrug agents. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for synergistic functionality by incorporating multiple-targeting conjugates, theranostic entities, and combinational treatment modalities, all of which rely on the GSH-triggering. Overall, an extensive overview of the emerging field is presented in this review, highlighting the obstacles and opportunities that lie ahead. Our overarching goal is to furnish methodological guidance for the development of more efficacious GSH-triggered prodrugs in the future. By assessing the pros and cons of current GSH-triggered prodrugs, we expect that this review will be a handful reference for prodrug design, and would provide a guidance for improving the properties of prodrugs and discovering novel trigger scaffolds for constructing GSH-triggered prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bingbing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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2
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Isaac-Lam MF. Chlorin Conjugates in Photodynamic Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:576. [PMID: 38794146 PMCID: PMC11124301 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and the number of new cases in the US is still increasing each year. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which comprises 15-20% of all breast cancer, is a heterogeneous disease and is considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions for treatments. Traditional chemotherapy is the standard protocol for the treatment of TNBC. Toxicity and multidrug resistance are major drawbacks to chemotherapy. The lack of molecular targets and poor prognosis for TNBC prompts an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) or light treatment is a binary anti-cancer procedure that uses a photosensitizer (PS) that, upon light activation, produces cytotoxic oxygen species, destroying tumor cells. PDT is minimally invasive and can be repeated a few times without accumulating significant toxicity in the surrounding tissues. The primary goal of this study was to investigate in vitro photodynamic chemotherapy as a ternary combination therapy using our synthesized photosensitizers (chlorin-vitamin conjugates and their corresponding indium complexes) co-treated with known chemotherapeutic agents (taxol, doxorubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, or methotrexate) in the presence of light and determine the optimum conditions as a pre-clinical study of an enhanced tumoricidal effect against TNBC. Our results indicated that the best combination for an effective chemophotodynamic effect involves a ternary treatment of the indium complex of the chlorin-lipoic acid conjugate (InCLA) co-treated with taxol, which exhibited strong synergism at the nanomolar concentration when combined in the presence of visible light irradiation. Other ternary combinations containing taxol with a synergistic anti-tumor effect against TNBC include chlorin-pantothenic acid (CPA) and chlorin-biotin (CBTN) conjugates. Several other ternary combinations containing InCLA, CBTN, and CPA with either cisplatin, fluorouracil, or methotrexate were identified to generate a synergistic or additive effect. The light dosage remained constant, but the dosages of photosensitizers and chemotherapy drugs were varied to obtain the lowest possible concentration for the desired effect. The synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects of the drug combinations were determined based on the Chou-Talalay method, with InCLA-taxol having the lowest combination index (CI) of 0.25. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images provided evidence of apoptosis as the preferred mode of cell death. Our study demonstrated the combination of PDT and chemotherapy as a potential treatment option for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meden F Isaac-Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN 46391, USA
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3
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Sharma A, Verwilst P, Li M, Ma D, Singh N, Yoo J, Kim Y, Yang Y, Zhu JH, Huang H, Hu XL, He XP, Zeng L, James TD, Peng X, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Theranostic Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2699-2804. [PMID: 38422393 PMCID: PMC11132561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The ability to gain spatiotemporal information, and in some cases achieve spatiotemporal control, in the context of drug delivery makes theranostic fluorescent probes an attractive and intensely investigated research topic. This interest is reflected in the steep rise in publications on the topic that have appeared over the past decade. Theranostic fluorescent probes, in their various incarnations, generally comprise a fluorophore linked to a masked drug, in which the drug is released as the result of certain stimuli, with both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli being reported. This release is then signaled by the emergence of a fluorescent signal. Importantly, the use of appropriate fluorophores has enabled not only this emerging fluorescence as a spatiotemporal marker for drug delivery but also has provided modalities useful in photodynamic, photothermal, and sonodynamic therapeutic applications. In this review we highlight recent work on theranostic fluorescent probes with a particular focus on probes that are activated in tumor microenvironments. We also summarize efforts to develop probes for other applications, such as neurodegenerative diseases and antibacterials. This review celebrates the diversity of designs reported to date, from discrete small-molecule systems to nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide insights into the potential clinical impact of this still-emerging research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Amity
School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University
Punjab, Sector 82A, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mingle Li
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nem Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiao Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- National
Center for Liver Cancer, the International Cooperation Laboratory
on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary
Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United
States
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Chi T, Sang T, Wang Y, Ye Z. Cleavage and Noncleavage Chemistry in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Materials for Smart Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1-21. [PMID: 38118277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of advanced drug delivery systems targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained significant interest in recent years for treating various diseases, including cancer, psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and chronic inflammations. Integrating specific chemical bonds capable of effectively responding to ROS and triggering drug release into the delivery system is crucial. In this Review, we discuss commonly used conjugation linkers (chemical bonds) and categorize them into two groups: cleavable linkers and noncleavable linkers. Our goal is to clarify their unique drug release mechanisms from a chemical perspective and provide practical organic synthesis approaches for their efficient production. We showcase numerous significant examples to demonstrate their synthesis routes and diverse applications. Ultimately, we strive to present a comprehensive overview of cleavage and noncleavage chemistry, offering insights into the development of smart drug delivery systems that respond to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ting Sang
- School of Stomatology of Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, China
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5
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Fu Q, Shen S, Sun P, Gu Z, Bai Y, Wang X, Liu Z. Bioorthogonal chemistry for prodrug activation in vivo. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7737-7772. [PMID: 37905601 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs have emerged as a major strategy for addressing clinical challenges by improving drug pharmacokinetics, reducing toxicity, and enhancing treatment efficacy. The emergence of new bioorthogonal chemistry has greatly facilitated the development of prodrug strategies, enabling their activation through chemical and physical stimuli. This "on-demand" activation using bioorthogonal chemistry has revolutionized the research and development of prodrugs. Consequently, prodrug activation has garnered significant attention and emerged as an exciting field of translational research. This review summarizes the latest advancements in prodrug activation by utilizing bioorthogonal chemistry and mainly focuses on the activation of small-molecule prodrugs and antibody-drug conjugates. In addition, this review also discusses the opportunities and challenges of translating these advancements into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Siyong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Pengwei Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yifei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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6
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Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Xia S, Chen X. Red-Light-Activatable AND-Gated Antitumor Immunosuppressant. Cells 2023; 12:2351. [PMID: 37830565 PMCID: PMC10571834 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are emerging as promising candidates for cancer therapy with lower cytotoxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy drugs; yet, the intrinsic side effects such as immunosuppression remain a critical concern. Herein, we introduce a photoactivatable antitumor immunosuppressant called dmBODIPY-FTY720 (BF) that shows no cytotoxicity but can be temporally and locally activated by deep-red light illumination to induce tumor cell apoptosis. To further reduce potential side effects, we integrate BF with another classic photosensitizer called methylene blue (MB) that is activated under the same wavelength of deep-red light (>650 nm) and successfully establish a red-light-activatable AND Boolean logic gate through a mechanism that we found to be synergetic apoptotic induction. At further decreased dosages, deep-red light illumination does not induce cell death in the presence of either BF or MB, but significant cancer cell death is triggered in the presence of both drugs. Therefore, the dosage of BF is further reduced, which will be highly beneficial to minimize any potential side effects of BF. This AND-gated strategy has been successfully applied in vivo for effective suppression of hepatocarcinoma tumors in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
| | - Simin Xia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
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7
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Bargakshatriya R, Pramanik SK. Stimuli-Responsive Prodrug Chemistries for Cancer Therapy. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300155. [PMID: 37341379 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive, chemically modified derivatives of active drugs, which, following in vivo administration, are converted to the parent drugs through chemical or enzymatic cleavage. The prodrug approach holds tremendous potential to create the enhanced version of an existing pharmacological agent and leverage those improvements to augment the drug molecules' bioavailability, targeting ability, therapeutic efficacy, safety, and marketability. Especially in cancer therapy, prodrug application has received substantial attention. A prodrug can effectively broaden the therapeutic window of its parent drug by enhancing its release at targeted tumor sites while reducing its access to healthy cells. The spatiotemporally controlled release can be achieved by manipulating the chemical, physical, or biological stimuli present at the targeted tumor site. The critical strategy comprises drug-carrier linkages that respond to physiological or biochemical stimuli in the tumor milieu to yield the active drug form. This review will focus on the recent advancements in the development of various fluorophore-drug conjugates that are widely used for real-time monitoring of drug delivery. The use of different stimuli-cleavable linkers and the mechanisms of linker cleavage will be discussed. Finally, the review will conclude with a critical discussion of the prospects and challenges that might impede the future development of such prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Bargakshatriya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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8
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Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhu H. Photobiomodulation at 660 nm promotes collagen synthesis via downregulation of HIF-1α expression without photodamage in human scleral fibroblasts in vitro in a hypoxic environment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2535-2545. [PMID: 37074407 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing prevalence of myopia is a global public health issue. Because of the complexity of myopia pathogenesis, current control methods for myopia have great limitations. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on human sclera fibroblasts (HSFs) under hypoxia, in the hope of providing new ideas for myopia prevention and control. METHODS Hypoxic cell model was established at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h time points to simulate myopia microenvironment and explore the optimal time point. Control, hypoxia, hypoxia plus light, and normal plus light cell models were set up for the experiments, and cells were incubated for 24 or 48 h after PBM (660 nm, 5 J/cm2), followed by evaluation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and collagen I a1 (COL1A1) proteins using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and photo damage was detected by CCK-8, scratch test, and flow cytometry assays. We also used transfection technology to further elucidate the regulatory mechanism. RESULTS The change of target proteins is most obvious when hypoxia lasts for 24 h (p < 0.01). PBM at 660 nm increased extracellular collagen content (p < 0.001) and downregulated expression of HIF-1α (p < 0.05). This treatment did not affect the migration and proliferation of cells (p > 0.05), and effectively inhibited apoptosis under hypoxia (p < 0.0001). After overexpression of HIF-1α, the effect of PBM was attenuated (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Photobiomodulation at 660 nm promotes collagen synthesis via downregulation of HIF-1α expression without photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xibo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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9
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Liu Y, Hong G, Mao L, Su Z, Liu T, Liu H. A Novel Paclitaxel Derivative for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Chemotherapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093662. [PMID: 37175072 PMCID: PMC10180349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel-triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid conjugate (PTX-TTHA), a novel semi-synthetic taxane, is designed to improve the water solubility and cosolvent toxicity of paclitaxel in several aminopolycarboxylic acid groups. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects and mechanisms of PTX-TTHA against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its intravenous toxicity were evaluated. Results showed the water solubility of PTX-TTHA was greater than 5 mg/mL, which was about 7140-fold higher than that of paclitaxel (<0.7 µg/mL). PTX-TTHA (10-105 nmol/L) could significantly inhibit breast cancer proliferation and induce apoptosis by stabilizing microtubules and arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase in vitro, with its therapeutic effect and mechanism similar to paclitaxel. However, when the MDA-MB-231 cell-derived xenograft (CDX) tumor model received PTX-TTHA (13.73 mg/kg) treatment once every 3 days for 21 days, the tumor inhibition rate was up to 77.32%. Furthermore, PTX-TTHA could inhibit tumor proliferation by downregulating Ki-67, and induce apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase-3) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive apoptotic cells, and reducing anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Moreover, PTX-TTHA demonstrated no sign of acute toxicity on vital organs, hematological, and biochemical parameters at the limit dose (138.6 mg/kg, i.v.). Our study indicated that PTX-TTHA showed better water solubility than paclitaxel, as well as comparable in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in TNBC models. In addition, the antitumor mechanism of PTX-TTHA was related to microtubule regulation and apoptosis signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetong Liu
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lina Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhe Su
- Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hong Liu
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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10
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Liao S, Cai M, Zhu R, Fu T, Du Y, Kong J, Zhang Y, Qu C, Dong X, Ni J, Yin X. Antitumor Effect of Photodynamic Therapy/Sonodynamic Therapy/Sono-Photodynamic Therapy of Chlorin e6 and Other Applications. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:875-885. [PMID: 36689197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has been extensively researched and developed as an antitumor therapy. Ce6 is a highly effective photosensitizer and sonosensitizer with promising future applications in photodynamic therapy, dynamic acoustic therapy, and combined acoustic and light therapy for tumors. Ce6 is also being studied for other applications in fluorescence navigation, antibacterials, and plant growth regulation. Here we review the role and research status of Ce6 in tumor therapy and the problems and challenges of its clinical application. Other biomedical effects of Ce6 are also briefly discussed. Despite the difficulties in clinical application, Ce6 has significant advantages in photodynamic therapy (PDT)/sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against cancer and offers several possibilities in clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilang Liao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mengru Cai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rongyue Zhu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuji Du
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiahui Kong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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11
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Li M, Cheng G, Zhang R, Li J. Simple Multifunctional PTX@Ce6 Nanomedicine for Eradicating Tumor in the Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Metronomic Chemotherapy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48372-48382. [PMID: 36591126 PMCID: PMC9798521 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment modality for various cancer types. However, tumor recurrence and metastasis stemming from residual cancer cells after PDT pose serious problems. In this study, a simple multifunctional PTX@Ce6 nanomedicine is prepared using a two-step reprecipitation method. In this core-shell nanostructure, the toxic paclitaxel (PTX) core is embedded into a nontoxic Ce6 shell. An ultralow dose of PTX (1 mg/kg) stimulates the differentiation of marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into mature dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in the restoration of functions of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and promotion of antitumor immune responses in vivo. Hence, the tumors in mice are eradicated with 100% tumor inhibition rate via combination therapy. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are also effectively inhibited. In addition, the combination therapy with PDT and metronomic chemotherapy based on core-shell PTX@Ce6 nanostructures shows high biosafety in treated mice. This study can aid in developing new cancer treatment modalities for eradicating tumors, preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis, and reducing the systemic side effects of therapy.
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12
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Jia S, Sletten EM. Spatiotemporal Control of Biology: Synthetic Photochemistry Toolbox with Far-Red and Near-Infrared Light. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3255-3269. [PMID: 34516095 PMCID: PMC8918031 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The complex network of naturally occurring biological pathways motivates the development of new synthetic molecules to perturb and/or detect these processes for fundamental research and clinical applications. In this context, photochemical tools have emerged as an approach to control the activity of drug or probe molecules at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Traditional photochemical tools, particularly photolabile protecting groups (photocages) and photoswitches, rely on high-energy UV light that is only applicable to cells or transparent model animals. More recently, such designs have evolved into the visible and near-infrared regions with deeper tissue penetration, enabling photocontrol to study biology in tissue and model animal contexts. This Review highlights recent developments in synthetic far-red and near-infrared photocages and photoswitches and their current and potential applications at the interface of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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13
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Lu Z, Xu G, Yang X, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen L, Liu Q, Liu J. Dual-Activated Nano-Prodrug for Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415656. [PMID: 36555298 PMCID: PMC9779597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a dual-activated prodrug, BTC, that contains three functional components: a glutathione (GSH)-responsive BODIPY-based photosensitizer with a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between BODIPY and the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) group, and an ROS-responsive thioketal linker connecting BODIPY and the chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin (CPT). Interestingly, CPT displayed low toxicity because the active site of CPT was modified by the BODIPY-based macrocycle. Additionally, BTC was encapsulated with the amphiphilic polymer DSPE-mPEG2000 to improve drug solubility and tumor selectivity. The resulting nano-prodrug passively targeted tumor cells through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, and then the photosensitizing ability of the BODIPY dye was restored by removing the DNBS group with the high concentration of GSH in tumor cells. Light-triggered ROS from activated BODIPY can not only induce apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells but also sever the thioketal linker to release CPT, achieving the combination treatment of selective photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The antitumor activity of the prodrug has been demonstrated in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Gan Xu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qinying Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianyong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.L.)
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14
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Development of novel porphyrin/combretastatin A-4 conjugates for bimodal chemo and photodynamic therapy: Synthesis, photophysical and TDDFT computational studies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Guo K, Ma X, Li J, Zhang C, Wu L. Recent advances in combretastatin A-4 codrugs for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114660. [PMID: 35964428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CA4 is a potent microtubule polymerization inhibitor and vascular disrupting agent. However, the in vivo efficiency of CA4 is limited owing to its poor pharmacokinetics resulting from its high lipophilicity and low water solubility. To improve the water solubility, CA4 phosphate (CA4P) has been developed and shows potent antivascular and antitumor effects. CA4P had been evaluated as a vascular disrupting agent in previousc linical trials. However, it had been discontinued due to the lack of a meaningful improvement in progression-free survival and unfavorable partial response data. Codrug is a drug design approach to chemically bind two or more drugs to improve therapeutic efficiency or decrease adverse effects. This review describes the progress made over the last twenty years in developing CA4-based codrugs to improve the therapeutic profile and achieve targeted delivery to cancer tissues. It also discusses the existing problems and the developmental prospects of CA4 codrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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16
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Rennie CC, Edkins RM. Targeted cancer phototherapy using phthalocyanine-anticancer drug conjugates. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13157-13175. [PMID: 36018269 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and photothermal, whereby photosensitizer irradiation generates reactive oxygen species or heat, respectively, to disrupt the cancer microenvironment. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are prominent phototherapeutics due to their desirable optical properties and structural versatility. Targeting of Pc photosensitizers historically relied on the enhanced permeation and retention effect, but the weak specificity engendered by this approach has hindered bench-to-clinic translation. To improve specificity, antibody and peptide active-targeting groups have been employed to some effect. An alternative targeting method exploits the binding of anticancer drugs to direct the photosensitizer close to essential cellular components, allowing for precise, synergistic phototherapy. This Perspective explores the use of Pc-drug conjugates as targeted anticancer phototherapeutic systems with examples of Pc-platin, Pc-kinase, and Pc-anthracycline conjugates discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Rennie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Robert M Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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17
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Yang Y, Sun W. Recent advances in redox-responsive nanoparticles for combined cancer therapy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3504-3516. [PMID: 36134355 PMCID: PMC9400520 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The combination of multiple therapeutic modalities has attracted increasing attention as it can achieve better therapeutic effects through different treatment mechanisms. However, traditional small molecule agents are non-specific to the tumor tissue, which leads to off-target toxic effects for healthy tissues. To solve this problem, a number of stimuli-responsive nanoscale drug-delivery systems have been developed. Among these stimuli, a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) are characteristic of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can distinguish it from normal tissue. In this review, we summarize the redox-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) reported in the past three years classified by different functional groups, including GSH-responsive disulfide, ditelluride, and multivalent metal ions, ROS-responsive thioketal, arylboronic ester, aminoacrylate, and bilirubin as well as GSH/ROS dual-responsive diselenide and dicarbonyl thioethers. The prospects and challenges of redox-responsive NPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China
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18
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Advantages of combined photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oncological diseases. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:941-963. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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19
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Marasini R, Aryal S. Indocyanine-type Infrared-820 Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticle-Assisted Photothermal Therapy of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12056-12065. [PMID: 35449968 PMCID: PMC9016882 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic small-molecule photosensitizers are well-characterized and known for the light-responsive treatment modality including photodynamic therapy. Compared with ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light used in conventional photodynamic therapy with organic photosensitizers, near-infrared (NIR) light from 700 to 900 nm is less absorbed and scattered by biological tissue such as hemoglobin, lipids, and water, and thus, the use of NIR excitation can greatly increase the penetration depth and emission. Additionally, NIR light has lower energy than UV-vis that can be beneficial due to less activation of fluorophores present in tissues upon NIR irradiation. However, the low water stability, nonspecific distribution, and short circulation half-life of the organic photosensitizers limit its broad biological application. NIR responsive small-molecule fluorescent agents are the focus of extensive research for combined molecular imaging and hyperthermia. Recently a new class of NIR dye, IR-820 with excitation and emission wavelengths of 710 and 820 nm, has been developed and explored as an alternative platform to overcome some of the limitations of the most commonly used gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy of cancer. Herein, we synthesized a core-shell biocompatible nanocarrier envelope made up of a phospholipid conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) as a shell, while poly(lactic glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as a core to encapsulate IR-820 dye. The IR-820-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation and characterized for their physicochemical properties and photothermal efficiency. These nanoparticles were monodispersed and highly stable in physiological pH with the hydrodynamic size of 103 ± 8 nm and polydispersity index of 0.163 ± 0.031. The IR-820-loaded nanocarrier showed excellent biocompatibility in the dark, whereas remarkable phototoxicity was observed with breast cancer cells (MCF-7) upon NIR laser excitation. Therefore, the IR-820-loaded phospholipid mimicking biodegradable lipid-polymer composite nanoparticles could have great potential for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Marasini
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division
of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular
Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee
Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University
of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, United States
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20
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Martella E, Dozza B, Ferroni C, Obeyok CO, Guerrini A, Tedesco D, Manet I, Sotgiu G, Columbaro M, Ballestri M, Martini L, Fini M, Lucarelli E, Varchi G, Duchi S. Two Beats One: Osteosarcoma Therapy with Light-Activated and Chemo-Releasing Keratin Nanoformulation in a Preclinical Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030677. [PMID: 35336051 PMCID: PMC8950553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma treatment is moving towards more effective combination therapies. Nevertheless, these approaches present distinctive challenges that can complicate the clinical translation, such as increased toxicity and multi-drug resistance. Drug co-encapsulation within a nanoparticle formulation can overcome these challenges and improve the therapeutic index. We previously synthetized keratin nanoparticles functionalized with Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) and paclitaxel (PTX) to combine photo (PDT) and chemotherapy (PTX) regimens, and the inhibition of osteosarcoma cells growth in vitro was demonstrated. In the current study, we generated an orthotopic osteosarcoma murine model for the preclinical evaluation of our combination therapy. To achieve maximum reproducibility, we systematically established key parameters, such as the number of cells to generate the tumor, the nanoparticles dose, the design of the light-delivery device, the treatment schedule, and the irradiation settings. A 60% engrafting rate was obtained using 10 million OS cells inoculated intratibial, with the tumor model recapitulating the histological hallmarks of the human counterpart. By scheduling the treatment as two cycles of injections, a 32% tumor reduction was obtained with PTX mono-therapy and a 78% reduction with the combined PTX-PDT therapy. Our findings provide the in vivo proof of concept for the subsequent clinical development of a combination therapy to fight osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martella
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Barbara Dozza
- Rizzoli Laboratory Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Claudia Ferroni
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Clement Osuru Obeyok
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ilse Manet
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Electron Microscopy Platform, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Ballestri
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Lucia Martini
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Milena Fini
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Regenerative Therapies in Oncology of the Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (S.D.); Tel.: +39-051-6398283 (G.V.)
| | - Serena Duchi
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (C.F.); (C.O.O.); (A.G.); (D.T.); (I.M.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (S.D.); Tel.: +39-051-6398283 (G.V.)
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21
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Aerssens D, Cadoni E, Tack L, Madder A. A Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen ( 1O 2) Toolbox for Bio-Organic Applications: Tailoring 1O 2 Generation for DNA and Protein Labelling, Targeting and Biosensing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030778. [PMID: 35164045 PMCID: PMC8838016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the excited state of ground, triplet state, molecular oxygen (O2). Photosensitized 1O2 has been extensively studied as one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), responsible for damage of cellular components (protein, DNA, lipids). On the other hand, its generation has been exploited in organic synthesis, as well as in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of various forms of cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the versatility of 1O2, discussing the main bioorganic applications reported over the past decades, which rely on its production. After a brief introduction on the photosensitized production of 1O2, we will describe the main aspects involving the biologically relevant damage that can accompany an uncontrolled, aspecific generation of this ROS. We then discuss in more detail a series of biological applications featuring 1O2 generation, including protein and DNA labelling, cross-linking and biosensing. Finally, we will highlight the methodologies available to tailor 1O2 generation, in order to accomplish the proposed bioorganic transformations while avoiding, at the same time, collateral damage related to an untamed production of this reactive species.
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22
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Otvagin VF, Kuzmina NS, Kudriashova ES, Nyuchev AV, Gavryushin AE, Fedorov AY. Conjugates of Porphyrinoid-Based Photosensitizers with Cytotoxic Drugs: Current Progress and Future Directions toward Selective Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1695-1734. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii F. Otvagin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia S. Kuzmina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Kudriashova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Nyuchev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | | | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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23
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Zhang HX, Lin HH, Su D, Yang DC, Liu JY. Enzyme-Activated Multifunctional Prodrug Combining Site-Specific Chemotherapy with Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:630-641. [PMID: 35034440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combination treatments are more effective than conventional monotherapy in combating cancer. Herein, a multifunctional prodrug BDP-L-CPT was rationally engineered and prepared by the conjugation of a boron dipyrromethene (BDP)-based photosensitizer (PS) to the active site of the chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT) via a phenyl benzoate group. After modification, the cytotoxicity of CPT was locked. Moreover, the fluorescence emission at 430 nm from the CPT component in the prodrug was substantially inhibited through the intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer process. The phenyl benzoate linker in BDP-L-CPT could be selectively cleaved by exogenous carboxylesterase in phosphate-buffered saline solution and endogenous carboxylesterase overexpressed in cancer cells, which was followed by self-immolation to release free CPT. The drug release process could be monitored by the turn-on of CPT fluorescence in solution and cells. Owing to the combination of site-specific chemotherapy with light-driven photodynamic therapy, the IC50 values of the prodrug BDP-L-CPT against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma and HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells were lower than those of the controls, BDP-COOH and CPT. The combined antitumor effects of the prodrug BDP-L-CPT were also observed in the mice bearing H22 tumors. Furthermore, BDP-L-CPT had a more prolonged blood circulation time in mice than CPT, which is beneficial to persistent therapy. This study may provide a promising strategy for a selective combination cancer treatment by conjugating a prodrug to a PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hao-Hua Lin
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Medical Chemistry, XinYang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang 464100, China
| | - De-Chao Yang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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He M, He G, Wang P, Jiang S, Jiao Z, Xi D, Miao P, Leng X, Wei Z, Li Y, Yang Y, Wang R, Du J, Fan J, Sun W, Peng X. A Sequential Dual-Model Strategy Based on Photoactivatable Metallopolymer for On-Demand Release of Photosensitizers and Anticancer Drugs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103334. [PMID: 34664422 PMCID: PMC8655221 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy has attracted considerable attention for its enhanced antitumoral effects; however, it remains challenging to successfully delivery photosensitizers and anticancer drugs while minimizing drug leakage at off-target sites. A red-light-activatable metallopolymer, Poly(Ru/PTX), is synthesized for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy. The polymer has a biodegradable backbone that contains a photosensitizer Ru complex and the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) via a singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) cleavable linker. The polymer self-assembles into nanoparticles, which can efficiently accumulate at the tumor sites during blood circulation. The distribution of the therapeutic agents is synchronized because the Ru complex and PTX are covalently conjugate to the polymer, and off-target toxicity during circulation is also mostly avoided. Red light irradiation at the tumor directly cleaves the Ru complex and produces 1 O2 for photodynamic therapy. Sequentially, the generated 1 O2 triggers the breakage of the linker to release the PTX for chemotherapy. Therefore, this novel sequential dual-model release strategy creates a synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy while minimizing drug leakage. This study offers a new platform to develop smart delivery systems for the on-demand release of therapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Guangli He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
| | - Suhua Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
| | - Ziyue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Pengcheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
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25
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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26
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Fei G, Ma S, Wang C, Chen T, Li Y, Liu Y, Tang B, James TD, Chen G. Imaging strategies using cyanine probes and materials for biomedical visualization of live animals. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Recent Progress in Phthalocyanine-Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092426. [PMID: 34578740 PMCID: PMC8469866 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes the last decade’s developments in the field of phthalocyanine (Pc)-polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), including studies with at least in vitro data. Moreover, special attention will be paid to the various strategies for enhancing the behavior of Pc-polymeric NPs in PDT, underlining the great potential of this class of nanomaterials as advanced Pcs’ nanocarriers for cancer PDT. This review shows that there is still a lot of research to be done, opening the door to new and interesting nanodelivery systems.
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28
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Yang DC, Wang S, Weng XL, Zhang HX, Liu JY, Lin Z. Singlet Oxygen-Responsive Polymeric Nanomedicine for Light-Controlled Drug Release and Image-Guided Photodynamic-Chemo Combination Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33905-33914. [PMID: 34278780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coencapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents and photosensitizers into nanocarriers can help to achieve a combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy for superior antitumor effects. However, precise on-demand drug release remains a major challenge. In addition, the loaded photosensitizers usually tend to aggregate, which can significantly weaken their fluorescent signals and photodynamic activities. To address these issues, herein, a smart nanocarrier termed as singlet oxygen-responsive nanoparticle (SOR-NP) was constructed by introducing singlet oxygen (1O2)-sensitive aminoacrylate linkers into amphiphilic mPEG-b-PCL copolymers. Boron dipyrromethene (BDP) and paclitaxel (PTX) as model therapeutic agents were coloaded into an 1O2-responsive nanocarrier for realizing light-controlled drug release and combination cancer treatment. This polymeric nanocarrier could substantially relieve the aggregation of encapsulated BDP due to the presence of a long hydrophobic chain. Therefore, the formed SOR-NPBDP/PTX nanodrug could generate bright fluorescent signals and high levels of 1O2, which could mediate cell death via PDT and rupture aminoacrylate linker simultaneously, leading to collapse of SOR-NPBDP/PTX and subsequent PTX release. The light-triggered drug release and combined anticancer effects of SOR-NPBDP/PTX were validated in HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells and H22 tumor-bearing mice. This study provides a promising strategy for tumor-specific drug release and selective photodynamic-chemo combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chao Yang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Weng
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhonghui Lin
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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29
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Zhang Y, Yan C, Zheng Q, Jia Q, Wang Z, Shi P, Guo Z. Harnessing Hypoxia‐Dependent Cyanine Photocages for In Vivo Precision Drug Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Qian Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-imaging and Neuro-imaging of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-imaging and Neuro-imaging of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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30
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Zhang Y, Yan C, Zheng Q, Jia Q, Wang Z, Shi P, Guo Z. Harnessing Hypoxia-Dependent Cyanine Photocages for In Vivo Precision Drug Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9553-9561. [PMID: 33569863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photocaging holds promise for the precise manipulation of biological events in space and time. However, current near-infrared (NIR) photocages are oxygen-dependent for their photolysis and lack of timely feedback regulation, which has proven to be the major bottleneck for targeted therapy. Herein, we present a hypoxia-dependent photo-activation mechanism of dialkylamine-substituted cyanine (Cy-NH) accompanied by emissive fragments generation, which was validated with retrosynthesis and spectral analysis. For the first time, we have realized the orthogonal manipulation of this hypoxia-dependent photocaging and dual-modal optical signals in living cells and tumor-bearing mice, making a breakthrough in the direct spatiotemporal control and in vivo feedback regulation. This unique photoactivation mechanism overcomes the limitation of hypoxia, which allows site-specific remote control for targeted therapy, and expands the photo-trigger toolbox for on-demand drug release, especially in a physiological context with dual-mode optical imaging under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-imaging and Neuro-imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-imaging and Neuro-imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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31
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Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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32
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Chang Z, Ye JH, Qi F, Fang H, Lin F, Wang S, Mu C, Zhang W, He W. A PEGylated photosensitizer-core pH-responsive polymeric nanocarrier for imaging-guided combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemo-photodynamic combined therapeutic self-assembly polymeric platform (MPEG-Hyd-Br2-BODIPY) was constructed which can encapsulate DOX and exhibited an accelerated release rate with decreasing pH value which results in considerable time/dose-dependent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hai Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Fen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Fuyan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Cancan Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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33
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Mitra K, Hartman MCT. Silicon phthalocyanines: synthesis and resurgent applications. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1168-1190. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02299c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Their unique axial bonds and NIR optical properties have made silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) valuable compounds. Herein, we present key synthetic strategies and emerging applications of SiPcs over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
| | - Matthew C. T. Hartman
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
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34
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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35
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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36
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Xiong T, Li M, Chen Y, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. A singlet oxygen self-reporting photosensitizer for cancer phototherapy. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2515-2520. [PMID: 34164019 PMCID: PMC8179246 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic cancer therapy has attracted great attention with the increasing threat of tumors, and improving its therapeutic efficacy is highly desirable. However, due to the highly efficient intersystem crossing potency to generate singlet oxygen (1O2), high-efficiency photosensitizers often suffer from weak fluorescence and excess injury to normal tissue. To overcome these obstacles, here we show a reliable self-reporting strategy for real-time monitoring of therapeutic progression. As a proof of concept, a molecular dyad is designed by connecting benzo[a]phenoselenazinium (NBSe) to rhodamine (Rh), namely Rh-NBSe, where the fluorescence of the Rh unit is initially suppressed by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism, but enabled to recover as feedback signal once the reaction with photosensitized 1O2 takes place. The observed fluorescence increases by irradiation in vitro and in vivo successfully reflect the real-time 1O2 generation speed in photodynamic therapy. In addition, the favorable therapeutic advantages of Rh-NBSe are also verified, for example, the high Φ Δ (0.8) and the low IC50 (0.2 μM, 6 J cm-2). Based on the therapeutic ability and real-time 1O2 self-reporting ability, Rh-NBSe demonstrates significant potential for self-regulating phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02481 Korea
| | - Yingchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Shenzhen 518057 China
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37
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Ma X, Wang Y, Lu Y, Jia D, Huang X, Chen J, Xu Z, Wen F. The design and synthesis of dextran-doxorubicin prodrug-based pH-sensitive drug delivery system for improving chemotherapy efficacy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:605-616. [PMID: 33193863 PMCID: PMC7610203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells show acidic conditions compared with normal cells, which further inspires scientist to build nanocarrier responsive to tumor microenvironment (TME) for enhancing tumor therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report a pH-sensitive and biocompatible polyprodrug based on dextran-doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug (DOXDT) for enhanced chemotherapy. High-density DOX component was covalently decorated on the nanocarrier and the drug molecules could be effectively released in the acidic tumor tissue/cells, improving chemotherapy efficacy. Specifically, a dextran-based copolymer was preliminarily prepared by one-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); then DOX was conjugated on the copolymer component via pH-responsive hydrazone bond. The structure of DOXDT can be well-controlled. The resulting DOXDT was able to further self-assemble into nanoscale micelles with a hydration diameter of about 32.4 nm, which presented excellent micellar stability. Compared to lipid-based drug delivery system, the DOXDT prodrug showed higher drug load capacity up to 23.6%. In addition, excellent stability and smaller size of the nanocarrier contributed to better tissue permeability and tumor suppressive effects in vivo. Hence, this amphipathic DOXDT prodrug is promising in the development of translational DOX formulations, which would be widely applied in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianbin Ma
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Die Jia
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Guangan Changming Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Guangan 638500, China
| | - Jiucun Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
- Guangan Changming Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Guangan 638500, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
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38
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Ha SYY, Zhou Y, Fong WP, Ng DKP. Multifunctional Molecular Therapeutic Agent for Targeted and Controlled Dual Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8512-8523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Luciano MP, Nourian S, Gorka AP, Nani RR, Nagaya T, Kobayashi H, Schnermann MJ. A near-infrared light-mediated cleavable linker strategy using the heptamethine cyanine chromophore. Methods Enzymol 2020; 641:245-275. [PMID: 32713525 PMCID: PMC10763689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optical methods offer the potential to manipulate living biological systems with exceptional spatial and temporal control. Caging bioactive molecules with photocleavable functional groups is an important strategy that could be applied to a range of problems, including the targeted delivery of otherwise toxic therapeutics. However existing approaches that require UV or blue light are difficult to apply in organismal settings due to issues of tissue penetration and light toxicity. Photocaging groups built on the heptamethine cyanine scaffold enable the targeted delivery of bioactive molecules using near-IR light (up to 780nm) in live animal settings. Here we provide a detailed procedure demonstrating the utility of the heptamethine cyanine caging group to create a light-cleavable linker between an antibody, panitumumab, and a therapeutic small molecule in the duocarmycin class of natural products. Descriptions of the design and synthesis of the small molecule component, assembly of the antibody conjugate, in vitro analysis of uncaging, in vivo imaging, and impact on tumor progression are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Luciano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Saghar Nourian
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Roger R Nani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Theranostics, NIH/NCI/CCR, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Theranostics, NIH/NCI/CCR, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States.
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40
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Zhang F, Wu Q, Liu H. NIR light-triggered nanomaterials-based prodrug activation towards cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1643. [PMID: 32394638 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials-based prodrug activation systems have been widely explored in cancer therapy, aiming at overcoming limited dosage formulation, systemic toxicity, and insufficient pharmacokinetic performance of parent drugs. For better delivery control, various stimuli systems, especially nanomaterials-based ones, have come to the forefront. Among them, near-infrared (NIR) light takes advantage of on-demand/site-specific regulation and non-invasiveness. In this review, we will address the developments of nanomaterials-based prodrug over the last decade, the activation mechanisms, and bioapplications under NIR light triggering. The advantages and limitations of NIR-triggered prodrug activation strategies and the perspectives of the next-generation prodrug nanomedicine will also be summarized. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Subramaniyan B, Rajaputra P, Nguyen L, Li M, Peer CJ, Kindrick J, Figg WD, Woo S, You Y. Local and Systemic Antitumor Effects of Photo-activatable Paclitaxel Prodrug on Rat Breast Tumor Models. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:668-679. [PMID: 31883393 PMCID: PMC8043141 DOI: 10.1111/php.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that a large primary and a small untreated distant breast cancer could be controlled by local treatment with our light-activatable paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug. We hypothesized that the treated tumor would be damaged by the combinational effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and locally released PTX and that the distant tumor would be suppressed by systemic antitumor effects. Syngeneic rat breast cancer models (single- and two-tumor models) were established on Fischer 344 rats by subcutaneous injection of MAT B III cells. The rats were injected with PTX prodrug (dose: 1 umole kg-1 , i.v.), and tumors were treated with illumination using a 690-nm laser (75 or 140 mW cm-1 for 30 min, cylindrical light diffuser, drug-light interval [DLI] 9 h). Larger tumors (~16 mm) were effectively ablated (100%) without recurrence for >90 days. All cured rats rejected rechallenged tumor for up to 12 months. In the two-tumor model, the treatment of the local large tumor (~16 mm) also cured the untreated tumor (4-6 mm) through adaptive immune activation. This is our first demonstration that local treatment with our PTX prodrug produces systemic antitumor effects. Further investigations are warranted to understand mechanisms and optimal conditions to achieve clinically translatable systemic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathiraja Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Pallavi Rajaputra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Luong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Cody J. Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jessica Kindrick
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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42
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Ehrsam D, Sieber S, Oufir M, Porta F, Hamburger M, Huwyler J, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Paclitaxel Formulation Activated by Extracellular MMP9. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:781-793. [PMID: 31894970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of triggered drug release offers a possibility to overcome the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment by reducing systemic exposure to the active drug. In the present work, the concept foresees the use of the extracellular enzyme MMP9 as an enzymatic trigger for drug release in the proximity of tumor cells. METHODS A paclitaxel-hemisuccinate-peptide conjugate as a building block for self-assembling nanoparticles was synthesized using standard conjugation approaches. The building block was purified via preparative HPLC and analyzed by LC-MS. Nanoparticles were formed using the nanoprecipitation method and characterized. For selection of a suitable in vitro model system, common bioanalytical methods were used to determine mRNA expression, enzyme amount, and activity of MMP9. RESULTS The MMP9-labile prodrug was synthesized and characterized. Nanoparticles were formed out of MMP9-labile conjugate-building blocks. The nanoparticle's diameter averaged at around 120 nm and presented a spherical shape. LN-18 cells, a glioblastoma multiforme derived cell line, were chosen as an in vitro model based on findings in cancer tissue and cell line characterization. The prodrug showed cytotoxicity in LN-18 cells, which was reduced by addition of an MMP9 inhibitor. CONCLUSION taken together, we confirmed increased MMP9 in several cancer tissues (cervical, esophageal, lung, and brain) compared to healthy tissue and showed the effectiveness of MMP9-labile prodrug in in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ehrsam
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Sieber
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mouhssin Oufir
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabiola Porta
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Baglo Y, Sorrin AJ, Liang BJ, Huang HC. Harnessing the Potential Synergistic Interplay Between Photosensitizer Dark Toxicity and Chemotherapy. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:636-645. [PMID: 31856423 DOI: 10.1111/php.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic therapy and taxol- or platinum-based chemotherapy (photochemotherapy) is an effective and promising cancer treatment. While the mechanisms of action of photochemotherapy are actively studied, relatively little is known about the cytotoxicity and molecular alterations induced by the combination of chemotherapy and photosensitizers without light activation in cancer cells. This study investigates the interplay between the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) without light activation and cisplatin or paclitaxel in two glioblastoma lines, U87 and U251. The combination effect of BPD and cisplatin in U87 cells is slightly synergistic (combination index, CI = 0.93), showing 1.8- to 2.6-fold lower half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50 ) compared to those of individual drugs. In contrast, combining BPD and paclitaxel is slightly antagonistic (CI = 1.14) in U87 cells. In U251 cells, the combinations of BPD and cisplatin or paclitaxel are both antagonistic (CI = 1.24 and 1.34, respectively). Western blotting was performed to investigate changes in the expression levels of YAP, TAZ, Bcl-2 and EGFR in U87 and U251 cells treated with BPD, cisplatin and paclitaxel, both as monotherapies and in combination. Our study provides insights into the molecular alterations in two glioma lines caused by each monotherapy and the combinations, in order to inform the design of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Baglo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Aaron J Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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44
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Wong RCH, Ng DKP, Fong WP, Lo PC. Glutathione- and light-controlled generation of singlet oxygen for triggering drug release in mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4460-4468. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00636j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An activatable phthalocyanine-based photosensitiser and a singlet-oxygen-triggered doxorubicin releasing system have been incorporated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which can release the encapsulated doxorubicin in a controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy C. H. Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T
- China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T
- China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T
- China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
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45
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Photo-induced protein oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and medical applications. Essays Biochem 2019; 64:33-44. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Irradiation from the sun has played a crucial role in the origin and evolution of life on the earth. Due to the presence of ozone in the stratosphere most of the hazardous irradiation is absorbed, nonetheless UVB, UVA, and visible light reach the earth’s surface. The high abundance of proteins in most living organisms, and the presence of chromophores in the side chains of certain amino acids, explain why these macromolecules are principal targets when biological systems are illuminated. Light absorption triggers the formation of excited species that can initiate photo-modification of proteins. The major pathways involve modifications derived from direct irradiation and photo-sensitized reactions. In this review we explored the basic concepts behind these photochemical pathways, with special emphasis on the photosensitized mechanisms (type 1 and type 2) leading to protein oxidation, and how this affects protein structure and functions. Finally, a description of the photochemical reactions involved in some human diseases, and medical applications of protein oxidation are presented.
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46
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Lo PC, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Pandey RK, Ng DKP, Torres T, Dumoulin F. The unique features and promises of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:1041-1056. [PMID: 31845688 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines exhibit superior photoproperties that make them a surely attractive class of photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Several derivatives are at various phases of clinical trials, and efforts have been put continuously to improve their photodynamic efficacy. To this end, various strategies have been applied to develop advanced phthalocyanines with optimised photoproperties, dual therapeutic actions, tumour-targeting properties and/or specific activation at tumour sites. The advantageous properties and potential of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer are highlighted in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Nguyen L, Li M, Woo S, You Y. Development of Prodrugs for PDT-Based Combination Therapy Using a Singlet-Oxygen-Sensitive Linker and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122198. [PMID: 31847080 PMCID: PMC6947033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an effective treatment for certain types of solid tumors. The combination of PDT with other therapies has been extensively investigated in recent years to improve its effectiveness and expand its applications. This focused review summarizes the development of a prodrug system in which anticancer drugs are activated locally at tumor sites during PDT treatment. The development of a singlet-oxygen-sensitive linker that can be conveniently conjugated to various drugs and efficiently cleaved to release intact drugs is recapitulated. The initial design of prodrugs, preliminary efficacy evaluation, pharmacokinetics study, and optimization using quantitative systems pharmacology is discussed. Current treatment optimization in animal models using physiologically based a pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-645-4843
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48
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Zhang FL, Huang N, Weng HL, Xue JP. Tamoxifen-zinc(II) phthalocyanine conjugates for target-based photodynamic therapy and hormone therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950161x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy has been extensively studied in recent years and preclinical studies have shown promising results, strategies for enhancing PDT outcomes and reducing side effects still urgently need to be developed. In this study, a series of Tamoxifen-zinc(II) phthalocyanine conjugates have been designed and synthesized. In these “double-headed” conjugates, photodynamic therapy agent zinc(II) phthalocyanine and hormone therapy drug Tamoxifen were combined via oligoethylene glycol linkers. The conjugates show high specificity, and some of them show cytotoxic effects against the MCF-7 cells overexpressed Estrogen receptor, due to the targeting and cytostatic Tamoxifen moiety. Upon illumination, all these conjugates show high cytotoxicity due to the photosensitizing phthalocyanine unit. Their structure-activity relationship was also assessed. The results show that [Formula: see text]-substituted Tamoxifen-zinc(II) phthalocyanine conjugates are highly promising anticancer targeting agents which exhibit additive effects of photodynamic therapy and hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lan Weng
- The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Xue
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses and Treatment of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China
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Peiró Cadahía J, Previtali V, Troelsen NS, Clausen MH. Prodrug strategies for targeted therapy triggered by reactive oxygen species. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1531-1549. [PMID: 31673314 PMCID: PMC6786010 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions including cancer and inflammation and the ROS stimulus constitutes a potential trigger for drug delivery strategies. Over the past decade, a number of ROS-sensitive functionalities have been identified with the purpose of introducing disease-targeting properties into small molecule drugs - a prodrug strategy that offers a promising approach for increasing the selectivity and efficacy of treatments. This review will provide an overview of the ROS-responsive prodrugs developed to date. A discussion on the current progress and limitations is provided along with a reflection on the unanswered questions that need to be addressed in order to advance this novel approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Previtali
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
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50
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Norman DJ, Gambardella A, Mount AR, Murray AF, Bradley M. A Dual Killing Strategy: Photocatalytic Generation of Singlet Oxygen with Concomitant Pt IV Prodrug Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14189-14192. [PMID: 31397963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium-based mitochondrial-targeting photosensitiser that undergoes efficient cell uptake, enables the rapid catalytic conversion of PtIV prodrugs into their active PtII counterparts, and drives the generation of singlet oxygen was designed. This dual mode of action drives two orthogonal cancer-cell killing mechanisms with temporal and spatial control. The designed photosensitiser was shown to elicit cell death of a panel of cancer cell lines including those showing oxaliplatin-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Norman
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alessia Gambardella
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew R Mount
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, UK
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