1
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Berber E, Mulik S, Rouse BT. Meeting the Challenge of Controlling Viral Immunopathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3935. [PMID: 38612744 PMCID: PMC11011832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their activity changed selectively by maneuvers that, at the same time, may not diminish the impact of components that help resolve lesions. Ideally, we need to identify therapeutic approaches that can reverse ongoing lesions that lack unwanted side effects and are affordable to use. By understanding the delicate balance between immune responses that cause tissue damage and those that aid in resolution, novel strategies can be developed to target detrimental immune components while preserving the beneficial ones. Some strategies involve rebalancing the participation of immune components using various approaches, such as removing or blocking proinflammatory T cell products, expanding regulatory cells, restoring lost protective cell function, using monoclonal antibodies (moAb) to counteract inhibitory molecules, and exploiting metabolic differences between inflammatory and immuno-protective responses. These strategies can help reverse ongoing viral infections. We explain various approaches, from model studies and some clinical evidence, that achieve innate and adaptive immune rebalancing, offering insights into potential applications for controlling chronic viral-induced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Berber
- Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Sachin Mulik
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Barry T. Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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2
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Poudel YB, He L, Cox M, Zhang Q, Johnson WL, Cong Q, Cheng H, Chowdari NS, Tarby C, Donnell AF, Broekema M, O’Malley DP, Zhang Y, A. M. Subbaiah M, Kumar BV, Subramani L, Wang B, Li YX, Sivaprakasam P, Critton D, Mulligan D, Sandhu B, Xie C, Ramakrishnan R, Nagar J, Dudhgaonkar S, Oderinde MS, Murtaza A, Schieven GL, Mathur A, Gavai AV, Vite G, Gangwar S. Discovery of Novel TLR7 Agonists as Systemic Agent for Combination With aPD1 for Use in Immuno-oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:181-188. [PMID: 38352830 PMCID: PMC10860183 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We have designed and developed novel and selective TLR7 agonists that exhibited potent receptor activity in a cell-based reporter assay. In vitro, these agonists significantly induced secretion of cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFa, IFNa, and IP-10 in human and mouse whole blood. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in mice showed a significant secretion of IFNα and TNFα cytokines. When combined with aPD1 in a CT-26 tumor model, the lead compound showed strong synergistic antitumor activity with complete tumor regression in 8/10 mice dosed using the intravenous route. Structure-activity relationship studies enabled by structure-based designs of TLR7 agonists are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B. Poudel
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Liqi He
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Matthew Cox
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Walter L. Johnson
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qiang Cong
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Heng Cheng
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Naidu S. Chowdari
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Christine Tarby
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Andrew F. Donnell
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Matthais Broekema
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Daniel P. O’Malley
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | - Boda Vijay Kumar
- The
Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC), Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Bei Wang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dawn Mulligan
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Bhupindar Sandhu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Radha Ramakrishnan
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- The
Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC), Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anwar Murtaza
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gary L. Schieven
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ashvinikumar V. Gavai
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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3
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Qiu J, Zou Y, Li S, Yang L, Qiu Z, Kong F, Gu X. Discovery of benzimidazole substituted 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole compounds as novel anti-HBV agents with TLR8-agonistic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Girkin JLN, Maltby S, Bartlett NW. Toll-like receptor-agonist-based therapies for respiratory viral diseases: thinking outside the cell. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/164/210274. [PMID: 35508333 PMCID: PMC9488969 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0274-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections initiate in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Innate immunity is critical for initial control of infection at this site, particularly in the absence of mucosal virus-neutralising antibodies. If the innate immune response is inadequate, infection can spread to the lower respiratory tract (LRT) causing community-acquired pneumonia (as exemplified by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019). Vaccines for respiratory viruses (influenza and SARS-CoV-2) leverage systemic adaptive immunity to protect from severe lung disease. However, the URT remains vulnerable to infection, enabling viral transmission and posing an ongoing risk of severe disease in populations that lack effective adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is triggered by host cell recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns via molecular sensors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here we review the role of TLRs in respiratory viral infections and the potential of TLR-targeted treatments to enhance airway antiviral immunity to limit progression to severe LRT disease and reduce person-to-person viral transmission. By considering cellular localisation and antiviral mechanisms of action and treatment route/timing, we propose that cell surface TLR agonist therapies are a viable strategy for preventing respiratory viral diseases by providing immediate, durable pan-viral protection within the URT. Respiratory virus infections are a significant disease burden and new treatment options are required. Treatments that stimulate innate immunity in the upper respiratory tract by targeting Toll-like receptors may provide rapid, pan-viral protection.https://bit.ly/3BNH2Em
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L N Girkin
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia .,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
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5
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Noh K, Jeong EJ, An T, Shin JS, Kim H, Han SB, Kim M. The efficacy of a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline compound as an intranasal vaccine adjuvant to protect against influenza A virus infection in vivo. J Microbiol 2022; 60:550-559. [PMID: 35437625 PMCID: PMC9014970 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance antigen-specific immune responses or to protect antigens from rapid elimination. As pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) and 8 (TLR8) activate the innate immune system by sensing endosomal single-stranded RNA of RNA viruses. Here, we investigated if a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline-based TLR7/8 agonist, (S)-3-((2-amino-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)amino)hexan-1-ol (named compound 31), could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the serological and mucosal immunity of an inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. The compound induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In a dose-response analysis, intranasal administration of 1 µg compound 31 together with an inactivated vaccine (0.5 µg) to mice not only enhanced virus-specific IgG and IgA production but also neutralized influenza A virus with statistical significance. Notably, in a virus-challenge model, the combination of the vaccine and compound 31 alleviated viral infection-mediated loss of body weight and increased survival rates by 40% compared with vaccine only-treated mice. We suggest that compound 31 is a promising lead compound for developing mucosal vaccine adjuvants to protect against respiratory RNA viruses such as influenza viruses and potentially coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungseob Noh
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy An
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Han
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Design and synthesis of novel quinazolinone derivatives as anti-HBV agents with TLR8 agonist effect. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Talukdar A, Ganguly D, Roy S, Das N, Sarkar D. Structural Evolution and Translational Potential for Agonists and Antagonists of Endosomal Toll-like Receptors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8010-8041. [PMID: 34107682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of a large family of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which serve as key components of the innate immune system by playing a pivotal role in sensing "nonself" ligands. Endosomal TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) can recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acid and initiate an innate immune response because they react against both self- and non-self-origin nucleic acid molecules. Accordingly, both receptor agonists and antagonists are potentially useful in disparate clinical contexts and thus are globally sought after. Recent research has revealed that agonists and antagonists share an overlapping binding region. This Perspective highlights rational medicinal chemistry approaches to elucidate the structural attributes of small molecules capable of agonism or antagonism or of elegantly switching between the two. The structural evolution of different chemotypes can provide the framework for the future development of endosomal TLR agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnali Roy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmal Das
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipika Sarkar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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8
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Wang Z, Gao Y, He L, Sun S, Xia T, Hu L, Yao L, Wang L, Li D, Shi H, Liao X. Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent Toll-like Receptor 7/8 Dual Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7507-7532. [PMID: 34048243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the toll-like receptors 7 and 8 has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based toll-like receptor 7/8 dual agonists that exhibited potent and near-equivalent agonistic activities toward TLR7 and TLR8. In vitro, compounds 24e and 25a significantly induced the secretion of IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p40, and IP-10 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell assays. In vivo, compounds 24e, 24m, and 25a significantly suppressed tumor growth in CT26 tumor-bearing mice by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, compounds 24e, 24m, and 25a markedly improved the antitumor activity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In particular, compound 24e combined with the anti-PD-L1 antibody led to complete tumor regression. These results demonstrated that TLR7/8 agonists (24e, 24m, and 25a) held great potential as single agents or in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Lei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuhao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Licheng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Kaushik D, Kaur A, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Structural evolution of toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists from imidazoquinolines to imidazoles. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1065-1120. [PMID: 34355178 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several synthetic heterocyclic small molecules like imiquimod, resiquimod, CL097, CL075, bromopirone, tilorone, loxoribine and isatoribine demonstrated TLR7/8 agonistic activity and relatively modest structural changes in such molecules result in major variation in the TLR7 and/or TLR8 activity. A strict dependency of the electronic configuration of the heterocyclic system was also observed to influence the agonistic activity. In the present review, an evolution of imidazole based TLR7/8 agonist from imidazoquinoline based scaffold is delineated along with the elaboration of detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) in each chemotype. The structural and activity details of not only the active compounds but also the related inactive compounds are included to better understand the SAR. TLR7/8 agonists are emerging as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates and the present SAR and structural information will provide a road map towards the identification of more potent and appropriate candidates for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd 11 Walkley Avenue Warradale 5046 Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Bedford Park 5042 Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India .,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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10
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Huang K, Zhang Y, Hui X, Zhao Y, Gong W, Wang T, Zhang S, Yang Y, Deng F, Zhang Q, Chen X, Yang Y, Sun X, Chen H, Tao YJ, Zou Z, Jin M. Q493K and Q498H substitutions in Spike promote adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in mice. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103381. [PMID: 33993052 PMCID: PMC8118724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An ideal animal model to study SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and evaluate therapies and vaccines should reproduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and recapitulate lung disease like those seen in humans. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, but mice are resistant to the infection because their ACE2 is incompatible with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein . Methods SARS-CoV-2 was passaged in BALB/c mice to obtain mouse-adapted virus strain. Complete genome deep sequencing of different generations of viruses was performed to characterize the dynamics of the adaptive mutations in SARS-CoV-2. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis and Biolayer interferometry experiments determined the binding affinity of mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 WBP-1 RBD to mouse ACE2 and human ACE2. Finally, we tested whether TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod (R848) could also inhibit the replication of WBP-1 in the mouse model. Findings The mouse-adapted strain WBP-1 showed increased infectivity in BALB/c mice and led to severe interstitial pneumonia. We characterized the dynamics of the adaptive mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated that Q493K and Q498H in RBD significantly increased its binding affinity towards mouse ACE2. Additionally, the study tentatively found that the TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod was able to protect mice against WBP-1 challenge. Therefore, this mouse-adapted strain is a useful tool to investigate COVID-19 and develop new therapies. Interpretation We found for the first time that the Q493K and Q498H mutations in the RBD of WBP-1 enhanced its interactive affinities with mACE2. The mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 provides a valuable tool for the evaluation of novel antiviral and vaccine strategies. This study also tentatively verified the antiviral activity of TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Funding This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC0845600) and Emergency Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province (2020FCA046) and Robert A. Welch Foundation (C-1565).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shaoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yizhi J Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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11
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Prifti GM, Moianos D, Giannakopoulou E, Pardali V, Tavis JE, Zoidis G. Recent Advances in Hepatitis B Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:417. [PMID: 34062711 PMCID: PMC8147224 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection affects over 250 million chronic carriers, causing more than 800,000 deaths annually, although a safe and effective vaccine is available. Currently used antiviral agents, pegylated interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogues, have major drawbacks and fail to completely eradicate the virus from infected cells. Thus, achieving a "functional cure" of the infection remains a real challenge. Recent findings concerning the viral replication cycle have led to development of novel therapeutic approaches including viral entry inhibitors, epigenetic control of cccDNA, immune modulators, RNA interference techniques, ribonuclease H inhibitors, and capsid assembly modulators. Promising preclinical results have been obtained, and the leading molecules under development have entered clinical evaluation. This review summarizes the key steps of the HBV life cycle, examines the currently approved anti-HBV drugs, and analyzes novel HBV treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Myrto Prifti
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.-M.P.); (D.M.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Moianos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.-M.P.); (D.M.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Erofili Giannakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.-M.P.); (D.M.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pardali
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.-M.P.); (D.M.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - John E. Tavis
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.-M.P.); (D.M.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
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12
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Abiri A, Rezaei M, Zeighami MH, Vaezpour Y, Dehghan L, KhorramGhahfarokhi M. Discovery of new TLR7 agonists by a combination of statistical learning-based QSAR, virtual screening, and molecular dynamics. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021; 27:100787. [PMID: 34805481 PMCID: PMC8591993 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Search for new antiviral medications has surged in the past two years due to the COVID-19 crisis. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is among one of the most important TLR proteins of innate immunity that is responsible for broad antiviral response and immune system control. TLR7 agonists, as both vaccine adjuvants and immune response modulators, are among the top drug candidates for not only our contemporary viral pandemic but also other diseases. The agonists of TLR7 have been utilized as vaccine adjuvants and antiviral agents. In this study, we hybridized a statistical learning-based QSAR model with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to extract new antiviral drugs by drug repurposing of the DrugBank database. First, we manually curated a dataset consisting of TLR7 agonists. The molecular descriptors of these compounds were extracted, and feature engineering was done to restrict the number of features to 45. We applied a statistically inspired modification of the partial least squares (SIMPLS) method to build our QSAR model. In the next stage, the DrugBank database was virtually screened structurally using molecular docking, and the top compounds for the guanosine binding site of TLR were identified. The result of molecular docking was again screened by the ligand-based approach of QSAR to eliminate compounds that do not display strong EC50 values by the previously trained model. We then subjected the final results to molecular dynamics simulation and compared our compounds with imiquimod (an FDA-approved TLR7 agonist) and compound 1 (the most active compound against TLR7 in vitro, EC50 = 0.2 nM). Our results evidently demonstrate that cephalosporins and nucleotide analogues (especially acyclic nucleotide analogues such as adefovir and cidofovir) are computationally potent agonists of TLR7. We finally reviewed some publications about cephalosporins that, just like pieces of a puzzle, completed our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zeighami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Younes Vaezpour
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leili Dehghan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maedeh KhorramGhahfarokhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Barili V, Boni C, Rossi M, Vecchi A, Zecca A, Penna A, Missale G, Ferrari C, Fisicaro P. Metabolic regulation of the HBV-specific T cell function. Antiviral Res 2020; 185:104989. [PMID: 33248194 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronically HBV infected subjects are more than 260 million worldwide; cirrhosis and liver cancer represent possible outcomes which affect around 700,000 patients per year. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are necessary for viral control and both have been shown to be defective in chronic patients. Metabolic remodeling is an essential process in T cell biology, particularly for T cell activation, differentiation and survival. Cellular metabolism relies on the conversion of nutrients into energy to support intracellular processes, and to generate fundamental intermediate components for cell proliferation and growth. Adaptive immune responses are the central mechanisms for the resolution of primary human infections leading to the activation of pathogen-specific B and T cell functions. In chronic HBV infection the anti-viral immune response fails to contain the virus and leads to persistent hepatic tissue damage which may finally result in liver cirrhosis and cancer. This T cell failure is associated with metabolic alterations suggesting that control of nutrient uptake and intracellular utilization as well as correct regulation of intracellular metabolic pathways are strategic for T cell differentiation during persistent chronic infections. This review will discuss some of the main features of the T cell metabolic processes which are relevant to the generation of an efficient antiviral response, with specific focus on their clinical relevance in chronic HBV infection in the perspective of possible strategies to correct deregulated metabolic pathways underlying T cell dysfunction of chronic HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zecca
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amalia Penna
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Basu K, Lehnherr D, Martin GE, Desmond RA, Lam YH, Peng F, Chung JYL, Arvary RA, Zompa MA, Zhang SW, Liu J, Dance ZEX, Larpent P, Cohen RD, Guzman FJ, Rogus NJ, Di Maso MJ, Ren H, Maloney KM. Development of a Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Process for Gefapixant Citrate (MK-7264) Part 3: Development of a One-Pot Formylation–Cyclization Sequence to the Diaminopyrimidine Core. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Basu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gary E. Martin
- Structure Elucidation Group, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard A. Desmond
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John Y. L. Chung
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Arvary
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael A. Zompa
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Si-Wei Zhang
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jinchu Liu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zachary E. X. Dance
- Data Rich Measurements, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick Larpent
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Structure Elucidation Group, Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Francisco J. Guzman
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Rogus
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael J. Di Maso
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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15
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Federico S, Pozzetti L, Papa A, Carullo G, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G, Relitti N. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response by Targeting Toll-like Receptors: A Perspective on Their Agonists and Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13466-13513. [PMID: 32845153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and they are involved in the regulation of innate immune system. These transmembrane receptors, localized at the cellular or endosomal membrane, trigger inflammatory processes through either myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) signaling pathways. In the last decades, extensive research has been performed on TLR modulators and their therapeutic implication under several pathological conditions, spanning from infections to cancer, from metabolic disorders to neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases. This Perspective will highlight the recent discoveries in this field, emphasizing the role of TLRs in different diseases and the therapeutic effect of their natural and synthetic modulators, and it will discuss insights for the future exploitation of TLR modulators in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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17
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Mackman RL, Mish M, Chin G, Perry JK, Appleby T, Aktoudianakis V, Metobo S, Pyun P, Niu C, Daffis S, Yu H, Zheng J, Villasenor AG, Zablocki J, Chamberlain J, Jin H, Lee G, Suekawa-Pirrone K, Santos R, Delaney WE, Fletcher SP. Discovery of GS-9688 (Selgantolimod) as a Potent and Selective Oral Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10188-10203. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael Mish
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory Chin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jason K. Perry
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Todd Appleby
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Sammy Metobo
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Peter Pyun
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Congrong Niu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephane Daffis
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Helen Yu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jim Zheng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Armando G. Villasenor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jeff Zablocki
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jason Chamberlain
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Haolun Jin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gary Lee
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Rex Santos
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - William E. Delaney
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Simon P. Fletcher
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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18
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Jiang S, Tanji H, Yin K, Zhang S, Sakaniwa K, Huang J, Yang Y, Li J, Ohto U, Shimizu T, Yin H. Rationally Designed Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting an Unconventional Pocket on the TLR8 Protein-Protein Interface. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4117-4132. [PMID: 32233366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rational designs of small-molecule inhibitors targeting protein-protein interfaces have met little success. Herein, we have designed a series of triazole derivatives with a novel scaffold to specifically intervene with the interaction of TLR8 homomerization. In multiple assays, TH1027 was identified as a highly potent and specific inhibitor of TLR8. A successful solution of the X-ray crystal structure of TLR8 in complex with TH1027 provided an in-depth mechanistic insight into its binding mode, validating that TH1027 was located between two TLR8 monomers and recognized as an unconventional pocket, thereby preventing TLR8 from activation. Further biological evaluations showed that TH1027 dose-dependently suppressed the TLR8-mediated inflammatory responses in both human monocyte cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and rheumatoid arthritis patient specimens, suggesting a strong therapeutic potential against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Tanji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Sakaniwa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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19
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McGowan DC. Latest Advances in Small Molecule TLR 7/8 Agonist Drug Research. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2228-2238. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191009165418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 play an important role in the activation of innate immune
cells in mammals. These evolutionarily conserved receptors serve as important sentinels in response to
infection. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response. The
emergence of new structural and small molecule information generated in the last decade has contributed
enormously to our understanding of this highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling.
This review will focus on recent developments in the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. McGowan
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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20
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Fontana A, Iturrino L, Corens D, Crego AL. Automated open-access liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry to support drug discovery projects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112908. [PMID: 31610393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The need of a continuous productivity increases in medicinal chemistry laboratories of the pharmaceutical industry motivated the development, over the years, of new software solutions to enable Open-Access in many analytical techniques such as NMR or LC, among others, to characterize and assess the purity of new molecules. These approaches have been widely spread in LC with low resolution MS systems, but similar automated platforms have been rather less explored with high resolution MS. In this work, an improved Automated Open-Access methodology on an UHPLC with DAD coupled to ESI and quadrupole time-of-flight MS system is described. Detailed reports from standard UHPLC-MS runs containing chromatograms and different spectra (MS with different fragmentation) are automatically sent to the chemists. High resolution MS data is typically achieved within ± 1 mDa mass accuracy regardless of sample concentration. Upon training, chemists log-in samples into the system by selecting appropriate methods, being able to interpret the results by themselves in 95% of the cases. The instrument is working unattended, except for a limited number of samples (5%) which require more complex experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a completely automated Open-Access LC-HRMS approach has been implemented for medicinal chemists of a pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fontana
- Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen-Cilag, S.A. C/Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Laura Iturrino
- Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen-Cilag, S.A. C/Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - David Corens
- Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Antonio L Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Šribar D, Grabowski M, Murgueitio MS, Bermudez M, Weindl G, Wolber G. Identification and characterization of a novel chemotype for human TLR8 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:744-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Huang S, Mei H, Zhang D, Shi T, Chen L, Kuang Z, Heng Y, Pan X, Lu L. Subtle differences in chemical pattern between human toll-like receptor 8 agonists and antagonists: Emerging chemical patterns analysis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1824-1834. [PMID: 31293023 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potencies in the treatments of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases, the developments of human TLR8 (hTLR8) agonists and antagonists have attracted widespread attentions. The hTLR8 agonists and antagonists have similar structures but with completely opposite biological effects. Up to date, the subtle differences in the structures between the hTLR8 agonists and antagonists are still unknown. In this work, emerging chemical pattern (ECP) was successfully used to extract the key chemical patterns of the hTLR8 agonists and antagonists. By using CAEP classifier, an optimal ECP model with only 3 descriptors was established with the overall prediction accuracy larger than 90%. Further hierarchical cluster analysis and molecular docking showed that the H-bond and hydrophobic properties are the key features distinguishing the hTLR8 agonists from antagonists. Comparing with the antagonists, the agonists show stronger specific H-bond properties, while antagonists have stronger non-specific hydrophobic properties. The significant differences in the structural properties may be closely related to the activation/inhibition mechanism of hTLR8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linxin Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuyin Kuang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Heng
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Pan
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Laichun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Huang S, Mei H, Zhang D, Ren Y, Kevin M, Pan X. The emerging chemical patterns applied in predicting human toll-like receptor 8 agonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1961-1971. [PMID: 30568763 PMCID: PMC6256730 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors to human innate immunity, which can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiate innate immune responses. As the receptor of single stranded RNA (ssRNA), toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) has potential in the treatment of tumors, microbial infection, and inflammatory diseases. Herein, an emerging chemical pattern (ECP) method was utilized to predict the key chemical patterns of TLR8 agonists. Based on the ECPs discovered, a robust and predictive ECP model was derived with prediction accuracies of 83.3%, 81.0%, and 80.0% for 132 training samples, 79 validation samples, and 75 test samples, respectively. When the ECP model was applied with a molecular docking method, the hit rate of TLR8 agonists was greatly enhanced. The results of ECP-based hierarchical cluster analysis and Connolly surface analysis of the TLR8 receptor showed that the H-bonding, hydrophilic and hydrophobic potentials as well as the unbalanced degree of property distributions are very important for distinguishing the TLR8 agonists from non-agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; Tel: +86 23 65112677
- College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Hu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; Tel: +86 23 65112677
- College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Duo Zhang
- College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Yubin Ren
- College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | | | - Xianchao Pan
- College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , Sichuan 646000 , China .
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24
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Design and synthesis of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine based Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 7/8 dual agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3216-3221. [PMID: 30143425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing effort to discover novel TLR agonists, herein we report on the discovery and structure-activity relationship of novel tetrahydropyridopyrimidine TLR 7/8 agonists. Optimization of this series towards dual agonist activity and a high clearance profile resulted in the identification of compound 52a1. Evaluation in vivo revealed an interferon stimulated response (ISG) in mice with limited systemic exposure and demonstrated the potential in antiviral treatment or as a vaccine adjuvant.
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25
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Embrechts W, Herschke F, Pauwels F, Stoops B, Last S, Pieters S, Pande V, Pille G, Amssoms K, Smyej I, Dhuyvetter D, Scholliers A, Mostmans W, Van Dijck K, Van Schoubroeck B, Thone T, De Pooter D, Fanning G, Jonckers THM, Horton H, Raboisson P, McGowan D. 2,4-Diaminoquinazolines as Dual Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 7/8 Modulators for the Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6236-6246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Embrechts
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Last
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Serge Pieters
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Geert Pille
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Katie Amssoms
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilham Smyej
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Deborah Dhuyvetter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annick Scholliers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wendy Mostmans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kris Van Dijck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Tine Thone
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dorien De Pooter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregory Fanning
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tim H. M. Jonckers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Helen Horton
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - David McGowan
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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26
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Pieters S, McGowan D, Herschke F, Pauwels F, Stoops B, Last S, Embrechts W, Scholliers A, Mostmans W, Van Dijck K, Van Schoubroeck B, Thoné T, De Pooter D, Fanning G, Rosauro ML, Khamlichi MD, Houpis I, Arnoult E, Jonckers THM, Raboisson P. Discovery of selective 2,4-diaminoquinazoline toll-like receptor 7 (TLR 7) agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:711-719. [PMID: 29366653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel series of highly potent quinazoline TLR 7/8 agonists is described. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship is presented. Structural requirements and optimization of this series toward TLR 7 selectivity afforded the potent agonist 48. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies highlighted 48 as an orally available endogenous interferon (IFN-α) inducer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Pieters
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - David McGowan
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Last
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Werner Embrechts
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annick Scholliers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wendy Mostmans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kris Van Dijck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Tine Thoné
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dorien De Pooter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregory Fanning
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mari Luz Rosauro
- Villapharma Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, km. 2.5-Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mourad Daoubi Khamlichi
- Villapharma Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, km. 2.5-Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ioannis Houpis
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Arnoult
- Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, PA 19454, United States
| | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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27
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. The conjugate addition of enantiomerically pure lithium amides as chiral ammonia equivalents part III: 2012–2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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McGowan DC, Herschke F, Pauwels F, Stoops B, Smyej I, Last S, Pieters S, Embrechts W, Khamlichi MD, Thoné T, Van Schoubroeck B, Mostmans W, Wuyts D, Verstappen D, Scholliers A, De Pooter D, Dhuyvetter D, Borghys H, Tuefferd M, Arnoult E, Hong J, Fanning G, Bollekens J, Urmaliya V, Teisman A, Horton H, Jonckers THM, Raboisson P. Identification and Optimization of Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Selective Agonists for the Treatment of Hepatitis B. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6137-6151. [PMID: 28671847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines were identified as a new series of potent and selective TLR7 agonists. Compounds were optimized for their activity and selectivity over TLR8. This presents an advantage over recently described scaffolds that have residual TLR8 activity, which may be detrimental to the tolerability of the candidate drug. Oral administration of the lead compound 54 effectively induced a transient interferon stimulated gene (ISG) response in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. We aimed for a high first pass effect, limiting cytokine induction systemically, and demonstrated the potential for the immunotherapy of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C McGowan
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilham Smyej
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Last
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Serge Pieters
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Werner Embrechts
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mourad Daoubi Khamlichi
- Villapharma Research S.L. , Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, Km. 2.5-Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tine Thoné
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Wendy Mostmans
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Debbie Wuyts
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dorien Verstappen
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annick Scholliers
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dorien De Pooter
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Herman Borghys
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marianne Tuefferd
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Arnoult
- Janssen Research & Development L.L.C. , 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19454, United States
| | - Jin Hong
- Alios Biopharma, Inc. , 260 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gregory Fanning
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jacques Bollekens
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Vijay Urmaliya
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ard Teisman
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Helen Horton
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Pharmaceutica , N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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29
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Beesu M, Salyer ACD, Brush MJH, Trautman KL, Hill JK, David SA. Identification of High-Potency Human TLR8 and Dual TLR7/TLR8 Agonists in Pyrimidine-2,4-diamines. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2084-2098. [PMID: 28146629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The induction of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent type I interferons (IFN-α/β) from plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the production of TLR8-dependent type II interferon (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and IL-12 in myeloid dendritic cells are of importance in generating T helper-1 biased adaptive immune responses. In an effort to identify novel dual TLR7/TLR8-active compounds, we undertook structure-activity relationship studies in pyrimidine 2,4-diamines, focusing on substituents at C5. Several analogues substituted with aminopropyl appendages at C5 displayed dominant TLR8-agonistic activity. N4-Butyl-6-methyl-5-(3-morpholinopropyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine was found to be a very potent dual TLR7/TLR8 agonist. Employing novel cytokine reporter cell assays, we verified that potency at TLR7 correlates with IFN-α/β production in human blood, whereas IFN-γ and TNF-α induction is largely TLR8-dependent. Dual TLR7/TLR8 agonists markedly upregulate CD80 expression in multiple dendritic cell subsets, providing insight into the immunological basis for the superior adjuvantic properties of such innate immune stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Beesu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alex C D Salyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael J H Brush
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kathryn L Trautman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Justin K Hill
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sunil A David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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