1
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Cao S, Wang T, Ren Y, Wu G, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Zhou Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Song Y, Yang R, Du Z. A protein O-GlcNAc glycosyltransferase regulates the antioxidative response in Yersinia pestis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7062. [PMID: 39152136 PMCID: PMC11329713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to proteins is commonly associated with a variety of stress responses and cellular processes in eukaryotes, but its potential roles in bacteria are unclear. Here, we show that protein HmwC acts as an O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) responsible for O-GlcNAcylation of multiple proteins in Yersinia pestis, a flea-borne pathogen responsible for plague. We identify 64 O-GlcNAcylated proteins (comprising 65 sites) with differential abundance under conditions mimicking the mammalian host (Mh) and flea vector (Fv) environments. Deletion of hmwC, encoding a putative OGT, structurally distinct from any existing member of the GT41 family, results in reduced O-GlcNAcylation, reduced growth, and alterations in virulence properties and survival under stress. Purified HmwC can modify target proteins in vitro using UDP-GlcNAc as sugar donor. One of the target proteins, OsdY, promotes Y. pestis survival under oxidative stress conditions. Thus, our results support that regulation of antioxidative responses through O-GlcNAcylation may be a conserved process shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gengshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Balsollier C, Bijkerk S, de Smit A, van Eekelen K, Bozovičar K, Husstege D, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Pieters RJ. Discovery of two non-UDP-mimic inhibitors of O-GlcNAc transferase by screening a DNA-encoded library. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107321. [PMID: 38604018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Finding potent inhibitors of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) has proven to be a challenge, especially because the diversity of published inhibitors is low. The large majority of available OGT inhibitors are uridine-based or uridine-like compounds that mimic the main interactions of glycosyl donor UDP-GlcNAc with the enzyme. Until recently, screening of DNA-encoded libraries for discovering hits against protein targets was dedicated to a few laboratories around the world, but has become accessible to wider public with the recent launch of the DELopen platform. Here we report the results and follow-up of a DNA-encoded library screening by using the DELopen platform. This led to the discovery of two new hits with structural features not resembling UDP. Small focused libraries bearing those two scaffolds were made, leading to low micromolar inhibition of OGT and elucidation of their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Balsollier
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Bijkerk
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan de Smit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin van Eekelen
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dirk Husstege
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands.
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3
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Zhao R, Zhu J, Jiang X, Bai R. Click chemistry-aided drug discovery: A retrospective and prospective outlook. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116037. [PMID: 38101038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as a valuable tool for rapid compound synthesis, presenting notable advantages and convenience in the exploration of potential drug candidates. In particular, in situ click chemistry capitalizes on enzymes as reaction templates, leveraging their favorable conformation to selectively link individual building blocks and generate novel hits. This review comprehensively outlines and introduces the extensive use of click chemistry in compound library construction, and hit and lead discovery, supported by specific research examples. Additionally, it discusses the limitations and precautions associated with the application of click chemistry in drug discovery. Our intention for this review is to contribute to the development of a modular synthetic approach for the rapid identification of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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4
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Wu X, Wang M, Cao Y, Xu Y, Yang Z, Ding Y, Lu J, Zheng J, Luo C, Zhao K, Chen S. Discovery of a novel OGT inhibitor through high-throughput screening based on Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF). Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106726. [PMID: 37451145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a specific type of post-translational glycosylation modification, which is regulated by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Aberrant overexpression of OGT is associated with the development of many solid tumors. In this study, we have developed and optimized a sensitive Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assay then identified a novel OGT inhibitor CDDO (also called Bardoxolone) through a high-throughput screening (HTS) based on HTRF assay. Further characterization suggested that CDDO is an effective OGT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.56 ± 1.69 μM. CPMG-NMR analysis confirmed that CDDO is a direct binder of OGT with a binding affinity (Kd) of approximately 1.7 μM determined by the MST analysis. Moreover, HDX-MS analysis indicated that CDDO binds to the TPR domain and N-Terminal domain of OGT, which was further confirmed by the enzymatic competition experiments as the binding of CDDO to OGT was not affected by the catalytic site binding inhibitor OSMI-4. Our docking modeling analysis further predicted the possible interactions between CDDO and OGT, providing informative molecular basis for further optimization of the inhibitor in the future. Together, our results suggested CDDO is a new inhibitor of OGT with a distinct binding pocket from the reported OGT inhibitors. Our work paved a new direction for developing OGT inhibitors driven by novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingchen Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziqun Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Center of Immunological Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiluan Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Center of Immunological Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Zhan F, Zhu J, Xie S, Xu J, Xu S. Advances of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115338. [PMID: 37037138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have garnered considerable interest due to their high substrate selectivity and less restrictive reaction conditions. During recent decades, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have emerged as powerful tools in drug development. This review describes the current applications of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in compound library building mediated by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and in situ click chemistry or conjunction with other techniques; druggability optimization with 1,2,3-triazole groups; and intracellular self-assembly platforms with ring tension reactions, which are presented from the viewpoint of drug development. There is a reasonable prospect that bioorthogonal coupling reactions will accelerate the screening of lead compounds, the designing strategies of small molecules and expand the variety of designed compounds, which will be a new trend in drug development in the future.
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6
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Zhang N, Jiang H, Zhang K, Zhu J, Wang Z, Long Y, He Y, Feng F, Liu W, Ye F, Qu W. OGT as potential novel target: Structure, function and inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 357:109886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Feng J, Li YP, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Wu F. Novel Quinic Acid Glycerates from Tussilago farfara Inhibit Polypeptide GalNAc-Transferase. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100539. [PMID: 34850523 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a bioactive inhibitor tool for human polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases (GalNAc-Ts), the initiating enzyme for mucin-type O-glycosylation, remains challenging. In the present study, we identified an array of quinic acid derivatives, including four new glycerates (1-4) from Tussilago farfara, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, as active inhibitors of GalNAc-T2 using a combined screening approach with a cell-based T2-specific sensor and purified enzyme assay. These inhibitors dose-dependently inhibited human GalNAc-T2 but did not affect O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), the other type of glycosyltransferase. Importantly, they are not cytotoxic and retain inhibitory activity in cells lacking elongated O-glycans, which are eliminated by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool. A structure-activity relationship study unveiled a novel quinic acid-caffeic acid conjugate pharmacophore that directs inhibition. Overall, these new natural product inhibitors could serve as a basis for developing an inhibitor tool for GalNAc-T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Peng Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Youtian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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Yao T, Xu X, Huang R. Recent Advances about the Applications of Click Reaction in Chemical Proteomics. Molecules 2021; 26:5368. [PMID: 34500797 PMCID: PMC8434046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in biological and analytical approaches, a comprehensive portrait of the proteome and its dynamic interactions and modifications remains a challenging goal. Chemical proteomics is a growing area of chemical biology that seeks to design small molecule probes to elucidate protein composition, distribution, and relevant physiological and pharmacological functions. Click chemistry focuses on the development of new combinatorial chemical methods for carbon heteroatom bond (C-X-C) synthesis, which have been utilized extensively in the field of chemical proteomics. Click reactions have various advantages including high yield, harmless by-products, and simple reaction conditions, upon which the molecular diversity can be easily and effectively obtained. This paper reviews the application of click chemistry in proteomics from four aspects: (1) activity-based protein profiling, (2) enzyme-inhibitors screening, (3) protein labeling and modifications, and (4) hybrid monolithic column in proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
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9
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Overview of the Assays to Probe O-Linked β- N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Binding and Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041037. [PMID: 33669256 PMCID: PMC7920051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that occurs at serine and threonine residues of protein substrates by the addition of O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. Two enzymes are involved in this modification: O-GlcNac transferase (OGT), which attaches the GlcNAc residue to the protein substrate, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. This biological balance is important for many biological processes, such as protein expression, cell apoptosis, and regulation of enzyme activity. The extent of this modification has sparked interest in the medical community to explore OGA and OGT as therapeutic targets, particularly in degenerative diseases. While some OGA inhibitors are already in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, OGT inhibitors still have a long way to go. Due to complex expression and instability, the discovery of potent OGT inhibitors is challenging. Over the years, the field has grappled with this problem, and scientists have developed a number of techniques and assays. In this review, we aim to highlight assays and techniques for OGT inhibitor discovery, evaluate their strength for the field, and give us direction for future bioassay methods.
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10
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Yin X, Li J, Chen S, Wu Y, She Z, Liu L, Wang Y, Gao Z. An Economical High-Throughput "FP-Tag" Assay for Screening Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1391-1395. [PMID: 33259119 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is involved in many cellular processes, and selective OGT inhibitors are valuable tools to investigate O-GlcNAcylation functions, and could potentially lead to therapeutics. However, high-throughput OGT assays that are suitable for large-scale HTS and can identify inhibitors targeting both acceptor, donor sites, and allosteric binding-sites are still lacking. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput "FP-Tag" OGT assay with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a low-cost and superior "FP-Tag". With this assay, 2-methyleurotinone was identified as a low-micromolar OGT inhibitor. This type of assay with BSA as "FP-Tag" would find more applications with other glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Yin
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Senhua Chen
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 519275, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519080, Zhuhai, P. R. China
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11
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Pharmacological Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase Promotes mTOR-Dependent Autophagy in Rat Cortical Neurons. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120958. [PMID: 33317171 PMCID: PMC7763293 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a ubiquitous enzyme that regulates the addition of β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of target proteins. Autophagy is a cellular process of self-digestion, in which cytoplasmic resources, such as aggregate proteins, toxic compounds, damaged organelles, mitochondria, and lipid molecules, are degraded and recycled. Here, we examined how three different OGT inhibitors, alloxan, BXZ2, and OSMI-1, modulate O-GlcNAcylation in rat cortical neurons, and their autophagic effects were determined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. We found that the treatment of cortical neurons with an OGT inhibitor decreased O-GlcNAcylation levels and increased LC3-II expression. Interestingly, the pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, further increased the expression levels of LC3-II induced by OGT inhibition, implicating the involvement of mTOR signaling in O-GlcNAcylation-dependent autophagy. In contrast, OGT inhibitor-mediated autophagy was significantly attenuated by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a blocker of autophagosome formation. However, when pre-treated with chloroquine (CQ), a lysosomotropic agent and a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, OGT inhibitors significantly increased LC3-II levels along with LC3 puncta formation, indicating the stimulation of autophagic flux. Lastly, we found that OGT inhibitors significantly decreased the levels of the autophagy substrate p62/SQSTM1 while increasing the expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Together, our study reveals that the modulation of O-GlcNAcylation by OGT inhibition regulates mTOR-dependent autophagy in rat cortical neurons.
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12
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Makwana V, Ryan P, Malde AK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Rudrawar S. Bisubstrate Ether-Linked Uridine-Peptide Conjugates as O-GlcNAc Transferase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:477-483. [PMID: 32991074 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is a master regulator of installing O-GlcNAc onto serine or threonine residues on a multitude of target proteins. Numerous nuclear and cytosolic proteins of varying functional classes, including translational factors, transcription factors, signaling proteins, and kinases are OGT substrates. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation of proteins is implicated in signaling in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Selective and potent OGT inhibitors are valuable tools to study the role of OGT in modulating a wide range of effects on cellular functions. We report linear bisubstrate ether-linked uridine-peptide conjugates as OGT inhibitors with micromolar affinity. In vitro evaluation of the compounds revealed the importance of donor substrate, linker and acceptor substrate in the rational design of bisubstrate analogue inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations shed light on the binding of this novel class of inhibitors and rationalized the effect of amino acid truncation of acceptor peptide on OGT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Philip Ryan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Alpeshkumar K Malde
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,MaldE Scientific, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.,Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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13
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Esch N, Jo S, Moore M, Alejandro EU. Nutrient Sensor mTOR and OGT: Orchestrators of Organelle Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8872639. [PMID: 33457426 PMCID: PMC7787834 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to integrate the role of nutrient-sensing pathways into β-cell organelle dysfunction prompted by nutrient excess during type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D encompasses chronic hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation, which each contribute to β-cell failure. These factors can disrupt the function of critical β-cell organelles, namely, the ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, and autophagosomes. Dysfunctional organelles cause defects in insulin synthesis and secretion and activate apoptotic pathways if homeostasis is not restored. In this review, we will focus on mTORC1 and OGT, two major anabolic nutrient sensors with important roles in β-cell physiology. Though acute stimulation of these sensors frequently improves β-cell function and promotes adaptation to cell stress, chronic and sustained activity disturbs organelle homeostasis. mTORC1 and OGT regulate organelle function by influencing the expression and activities of key proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors, as well as by modulating autophagy to influence clearance of defective organelles. In addition, mTORC1 and OGT activity influence islet inflammation during T2D, which can further disrupt organelle and β-cell function. Therapies for T2D that fine-tune the activity of these nutrient sensors have yet to be developed, but the important role of mTORC1 and OGT in organelle homeostasis makes them promising targets to improve β-cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Bosc D, Camberlein V, Gealageas R, Castillo-Aguilera O, Deprez B, Deprez-Poulain R. Kinetic Target-Guided Synthesis: Reaching the Age of Maturity. J Med Chem 2019; 63:3817-3833. [PMID: 31820982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic target-guided synthesis (KTGS) is an original discovery strategy allowing a target to catalyze the irreversible synthesis of its own ligands from a pool of reagents. Although pioneered almost two decades ago, it only recently proved its usefulness in medicinal chemistry, as exemplified by the increasing number of protein targets used, the wider range of target and pocket types, and the diversity of therapeutic areas explored. In recent years, two new leads for in vivo studies were released. Amidations and multicomponent reactions expanded the armamentarium of reactions beyond triazole formation and two new examples of in cellulo KTGS were also disclosed. Herein, we analyze the origins and the chemical space of both KTGS ligands and warhead-bearing reagents. We review the KTGS timeline focusing on recent cases in order to give medicinal chemists the full scope of this strategy which has great potential for hit discovery and hit or lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bosc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Virgyl Camberlein
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ronan Gealageas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Omar Castillo-Aguilera
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, F- 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Liu F, Cui Y, Yang F, Xu Z, Da LT, Zhang Y. Inhibition of polypeptide N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferases is an underlying mechanism of dietary polyphenols preventing colorectal tumorigenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3372-3382. [PMID: 31227364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ellagitannin-derived ellagic acid (EA) and colonic metabolite urolithins are functional dietary ingredients for cancer prevention, but the underlying mechanism need elucidation. Mucin-type O-glycosylation, initiated by polypeptide N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts), fine-tunes multiple biological processes and is closely associated with cancer progression. Herein, we aim to explore how specific tannin-based polyphenols affect tumor behavior of colorectal cancer cells (CRC) by modulating O-glycosylation. Utilizing HPLC-based enzyme assay, we find urolithin D (UroD), EA and gallic acid (GA) potently inhibit ppGalNAc-Ts. In particular, UroD inhibits ppGalNAc-T2 through a peptide/protein-competitive manner with nanomolar affinity. Computational simulations combined with site-directed mutagenesis further support the inhibitors' mode of action. Moreover, lectin analysis and metabolic labelling reveal that UroD can reduce cell O-glycans but not N-glycans. Transwell experiments prove that UroD inhibits migration and invasion of CRC cells. Our work proves that specific tannin-based polyphenols can potently inhibit ppGalNAc-Ts activity to reduce cell O-glycosylation and lead to lowering the migration and invasion of CRC cells, suggesting that disturbance of mucin-type O-glycosylation is an important mechanism for the function of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yalu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lin-Tai Da
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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16
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Wu G, Zhao T, Kang D, Zhang J, Song Y, Namasivayam V, Kongsted J, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Poongavanam V, Liu X, Zhan P. Overview of Recent Strategic Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9375-9414. [PMID: 31050421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introducing novel strategies, concepts, and technologies that speed up drug discovery and the drug development cycle is of great importance both in the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia. This Perspective aims to present a "big-picture" overview of recent strategic innovations in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , 250012 Ji'nan , China
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II , University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy , K.U. Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy , K.U. Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
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17
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Jiang X, Hao X, Jing L, Wu G, Kang D, Liu X, Zhan P. Recent applications of click chemistry in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:779-789. [PMID: 31094231 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1614910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Click chemistry has been exploited widely in the past to expedite lead discovery and optimization. Indeed, Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry is a bioorthogonal reaction of widespread utility throughout medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Areas covered: The authors review recent applications of CuAAC click chemistry to drug discovery based on the literature published since 2013. Furthermore, the authors provide the reader with their expert perspectives on the area including their outlook on future developments. Expert opinion: Click chemistry reactions are an important part of the medicinal chemistry toolbox and offer substantial advantages to medicinal chemists in terms of overcoming the limitations of useful chemical synthesis, increasing throughput, and improving the quality of compound libraries. To explore new chemical spaces for drug-like molecules containing a high degree of structural diversity, it may be useful to merge the diversity-oriented synthesis and 'privileged' substructure-based strategy with bioorthogonal reactions using sophisticated automation and flow systems to improve productivity. Large compound libraries obtained in this way should be of great value for the discovery of bioactive compounds and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Jiang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Xia Hao
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
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18
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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19
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Adipocyte OGT governs diet-induced hyperphagia and obesity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5103. [PMID: 30504766 PMCID: PMC6269424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatable foods (fat and sweet) induce hyperphagia, and facilitate the development of obesity. Whether and how overnutrition increases appetite through the adipose-to-brain axis is unclear. O-linked beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) couples nutrient cues to O-GlcNAcylation of intracellular proteins at serine/threonine residues. Chronic dysregulation of O-GlcNAc signaling contributes to metabolic diseases. Here we show that adipocyte OGT is essential for high fat diet-induced hyperphagia, but is dispensable for baseline food intake. Adipocyte OGT stimulates hyperphagia by transcriptional activation of de novo lipid desaturation and accumulation of N-arachidonyl ethanolamine (AEA), an endogenous appetite-inducing cannabinoid (CB). Pharmacological manipulation of peripheral CB1 signaling regulates hyperphagia in an adipocyte OGT-dependent manner. These findings define adipocyte OGT as a fat sensor that regulates peripheral lipid signals, and uncover an unexpected adipose-to-brain axis to induce hyperphagia and obesity. Endocannabinoid signaling regulates food intake and is a potential therapeutic target for obesity. Here the authors show that adipocyte O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is required for high fat diet-induced hyperphagia via transcriptional activation of de novo lipid desaturation and accumulation of an endogenous appetite-inducing cannabinoid.
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20
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Gu Y, Yang Y, Wan B, Li M, Guo LH. Inhibition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity in PC12 cells – A molecular mechanism of organophosphate flame retardants developmental neurotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Zhang H, Tomašič T, Shi J, Weiss M, Ruijtenbeek R, Anderluh M, Pieters RJ. Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) by peptidic hybrids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:883-887. [PMID: 30108977 PMCID: PMC6072325 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) attaches a GlcNAc moiety on specific substrate proteins using UDP-GlcNAc as the sugar donor. This modification can alter protein function by regulating cellular signaling and transcription pathways in response to altered nutrient availability and stress. Specific inhibitors of OGT would be valuable tools for biological studies and lead structures for therapeutics. The existing OGT inhibitors are mainly derived from the sugar donor substrate, but poor cell permeability and off-target effects limit their use. Here, we describe our progress on OGT inhibition based on substrate peptides identified by array screening. Subsequently, bisubstrate inhibitors were prepared by conjugating these peptides to uridine in various ways. In parallel, an in silico fragment screening was conducted to obtain small molecules targeting the UDP binding pocket. After evaluation of the initial hits, one of these small molecules was elaborated into a novel OGT hybrid inhibitor, as the replacement of uridine. The novel compounds inhibit OGT activity with IC50 values in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Matjaž Weiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
- PamGene International BV , 's-Hertogenbosch , 5211 HH , The Netherlands
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
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22
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Fu S, Nie Q, Ma Y, Song P, Ren X, Luo C, Shang L, Yin Z. Target-guided screening of fragments (TGSOF) in the discovery of inhibitors against EV-A71 3C protease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2890-2893. [PMID: 29497732 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Target-guided screening of fragments (TGSOF) was developed and employed in the identification of EV-A71 3C protease (3Cpro) inhibitors. We identified 4-acetylpyridine and 3-acetylpyridine as effective P3 fragments of an inhibitor and obtained the corresponding irreversible inhibitors 12c and 12fvia this method. Furthermore, based on 12c and 12f, we have obtained reversible inhibitors 17c and 17f. These results demonstrated that TGSOF is a useful strategy for identifying suitable fragments in developing leads in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Fu
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Ferron M, Denis M, Persello A, Rathagirishnan R, Lauzier B. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Cardiac Pathologies: Past, Present, Future. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:819. [PMID: 30697194 PMCID: PMC6340935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a ubiquitous and reversible post-translational protein modification that has recently gained renewed interest due to the rapid development of analytical tools and new molecules designed to specifically increase the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation. The level of O-GlcNAc modification appears to have either deleterious or beneficial effects, depending on the context (exposure time, pathophysiological context). While high O-GlcNAcylation levels are mostly reported in chronic diseases, the increase in O-GlcNAc level in acute stresses such as during ischemia reperfusion or hemorrhagic shock is reported to be beneficial in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo. In this context, an increase in O-GlcNAc levels could be a potential new cardioprotective therapy, but the ambivalent effects of protein O-GlcNAcylation augmentation remains as a key problem to be solved prior to their transfer to the clinic. The emergence of new analytical tools has opened new avenues to decipher the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with an O-GlcNAc level increase. A better understanding of the exact roles of O-GlcNAc on protein function, targeting or stability will help to develop more targeted approaches. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms and potential beneficial impact of O-GlcNAc modulation, and its potential as a new clinical target in cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Ferron
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Marine Ferron
| | - Manon Denis
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
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24
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Liu F, Xu K, Xu Z, de Las Rivas M, Wang C, Li X, Lu J, Zhou Y, Delso I, Merino P, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Zhang Y, Wu F. The small molecule luteolin inhibits N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferases and reduces mucin-type O-glycosylation of amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21304-21319. [PMID: 29061849 PMCID: PMC5766936 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is the most abundant type of O-glycosylation. It is initiated by the members of the polypeptide N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferase (ppGalNAc-T) family and closely associated with both physiological and pathological conditions, such as coronary artery disease or Alzheimer's disease. The lack of direct and selective inhibitors of ppGalNAc-Ts has largely impeded research progress in understanding the molecular events in mucin-type O-glycosylation. Here, we report that a small molecule, the plant flavonoid luteolin, selectively inhibits ppGalNAc-Ts in vitro and in cells. We found that luteolin inhibits ppGalNAc-T2 in a peptide/protein-competitive manner but not promiscuously (e.g. via aggregation-based activity). X-ray structural analysis revealed that luteolin binds to the PXP motif-binding site found in most protein substrates, which was further validated by comparing the interactions of luteolin with wild-type enzyme and with mutants using 1H NMR-based binding experiments. Functional studies disclosed that luteolin at least partially reduced production of β-amyloid protein by selectively inhibiting the activity of ppGalNAc-T isoforms. In conclusion, our study provides key structural and functional details on luteolin inhibiting ppGalNAc-T activity, opening up the way for further optimization of more potent and specific ppGalNAc-T inhibitors. Moreover, our findings may inform future investigations into site-specific O-GalNAc glycosylation and into the molecular mechanism of luteolin-mediated ppGalNAc-T inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- the Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Matilde de Las Rivas
- the Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Congrong Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xing Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jishun Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueyang Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ignacio Delso
- the Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- the Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- the Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain,
- the Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain, and
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China,
| | - Fang Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China,
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Liu Y, Ren Y, Cao Y, Huang H, Wu Q, Li W, Wu S, Zhang J. Discovery of a Low Toxicity O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) Inhibitor by Structure-based Virtual Screening of Natural Products. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12334. [PMID: 28951553 PMCID: PMC5615061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) plays an important role in regulating numerous cellular processes through reversible post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. However, the function of O-GlcNAcylation is still not well understood. Cell permeable OGT inhibitors are needed to manipulate O-GlcNAcylation levels and clarify the regulatory mechanism of this modification. Here, we report a specific natural-product OGT inhibitor (L01), which was identified from a structure-based virtual screening analysis. L01 inhibited O-GlcNAcylation both in vitro and in cells without significantly altering cell surface glycans. Molecular dynamics and site-directed mutagenesis indicated a new binding mechanism in which L01 could interact with Asn557 near the UDP binding pocket of OGT. This residue may contribute to the specificity of L01. Furthermore, as a specific OGT inhibitor, L01 produced low toxicity in cellular and zebrafish models. The identification of L01 validates structure-based virtual screening approaches for the discovery of OGT inhibitors. L01 can also serve as a chemical tool to further characterize O-GlcNAcylation functions or a new molecular core for structure-activity relationship studies to optimize the biochemical potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yang Ren
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Huang Huang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.,School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Sijin Wu
- School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
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