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Vijayakumar KA, Cho GW, Maharajan N, Jang CH. A Review on Peripheral Tinnitus, Causes, and Treatments from the Perspective of Autophagy. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:232-242. [PMID: 36050223 PMCID: PMC9471415 DOI: 10.5607/en22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of phantom noise without any external auditory sources. The degeneration of the function or activity of the peripheral or central auditory nervous systems is one of the causes of tinnitus. This damage has numerous causes, such as loud noise, aging, and ototoxicity. All these sources excite the cells of the auditory pathway, producing reactive oxygen species that leads to the death of sensory neural hair cells. This causes involuntary movement of the tectorial membrane, resulting in the buzzing noise characteristic of tinnitus. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic scavenging activity inside a cell that has evolved as a cell survival mechanism. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of autophagy against oxidative stress, which is one of the reasons for cell excitation. This review compiles several studies that highlight the role of autophagy in protecting sensory neural hair cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. This could facilitate the development of strategies to treat tinnitus by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan A Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Gwang-Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Nagarajan Maharajan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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2
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Rana A, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Mishra V, Aluko RE. Health benefits of polyphenols: A concise review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14264. [PMID: 35694805 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce polyphenols, which are considered highly essential functional foods in our diet. They are classified into several groups according to their diverse chemical structures. Flavanoids, lignans, stilbenes, and phenolic acids are the four main families of polyphenols. Several in vivo and in vitro research have been conducted so far to evaluate their health consequences. Polyphenols serve a vital function in the protection of the organism from external stimuli and in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are instigators of several illnesses. Polyphenols are present in tea, chocolate, fruits, and vegetables with the potential to positively influence human health. For instance, cocoa flavan-3-ols have been associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Polyphenols in the diet also help to improve lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Quercetin, a flavonoid, and resveratrol, a stilbene, have been linked to improved cardiovascular health. Dietary polyphenols potential to elicit therapeutic effects might be attributed, at least in part, to a bidirectional association with the gut microbiome. This is because polyphenols are known to affect the gut microbiome composition in ways that lead to better human health. Specifically, the gut microbiome converts polyphenols into bioactive compounds that have therapeutic effects. In this review, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic actions of polyphenols are described based on findings from in vivo and in vitro experimental trials. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden has been increasing worldwide due to the sedentary lifestyle and several other factors such as smoking, junk food, etc. Scientific literature evidence supports the use of plant-based food polyphenols as therapeutic agents that could help to alleviate NCD's burden. Thus, consuming polyphenolic compounds from natural sources could be an effective solution to mitigate NCDs concerns. It is also discussed how natural antioxidants from medicinal plants might help prevent or repair damage caused by free radicals, such as oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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3
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Wurm KW, Bartz FM, Schulig L, Bodtke A, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Carba Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Improved Oxidation Resistance and Reduced Risk of Quinoid Metabolite Formation. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200262. [PMID: 35687532 PMCID: PMC9541272 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The KV7 potassium channel openers flupirtine and retigabine have been valuable options in the therapy of pain and epilepsy. However, as a result of adverse reactions, both drugs are currently no longer in therapeutic use. The flupirtine‐induced liver injury and the retigabine linked tissue discolouration do not appear related at first glance; nevertheless, both events can be attributed to the triaminoaryl scaffold, which is affected by oxidation leading to elusive reactive quinone diimine or azaquinone diimine metabolites. Since the mechanism of action, i. e. KV7 channel opening, seems not to be involved in toxicity, this study aimed to further develop safer replacements for flupirtine and retigabine. In a ligand‐based design strategy, replacing amino substituents of the triaminoaryl core with alkyl substituents led to carba analogues with improved oxidation resistance and negligible risk of quinoid metabolite formation. In addition to these improved safety features, some of the novel analogues exhibited significantly improved KV7.2/3 channel opening activity, indicated by an up to 13‐fold increase in potency and an efficacy of up to 176 % compared to flupirtine, thus being attractive candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad W Wurm
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Frieda-Marie Bartz
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Lukas Schulig
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Anja Bodtke
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Link
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, F.-L.-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487, Greifswald, GERMANY
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4
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Morsy A, Carmona AV, Trippier PC. Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Phenotypic Screening in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206235. [PMID: 34684815 PMCID: PMC8538546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of rare, fatal, inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Numerous genes (CLN1–CLN8, CLN10–CLN14) were identified in which mutations can lead to NCL; however, the underlying pathophysiology remains elusive. Despite this, the NCLs share some of the same features and symptoms but vary in respect to severity and onset of symptoms by age. Some common symptoms include the progressive loss of vision, mental and motor deterioration, epileptic seizures, premature death, and in the rare adult-onset, dementia. Currently, all forms of NCL are fatal, and no curative treatments are available. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into any cell type of the human body. Cells reprogrammed from a patient have the advantage of acquiring disease pathogenesis along with recapitulation of disease-associated phenotypes. They serve as practical model systems to shed new light on disease mechanisms and provide a phenotypic screening platform to enable drug discovery. Herein, we provide an overview of available iPSC models for a number of different NCLs. More specifically, we highlight findings in these models that may spur target identification and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Angelica V. Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Paul C. Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.M.); (A.V.C.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Rahman MS, Kumari S, Esfahani SH, Nozohouri S, Jayaraman S, Kinarivala N, Kocot J, Baez A, Farris D, Abbruscato TJ, Karamyan VT, Trippier PC. Discovery of First-in-Class Peptidomimetic Neurolysin Activators Possessing Enhanced Brain Penetration and Stability. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12705-12722. [PMID: 34436882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptidase neurolysin (Nln) is an enzyme that functions to cleave various neuropeptides. Upregulation of Nln after stroke has identified the enzyme as a critical endogenous cerebroprotective mechanism and validated target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Overexpression of Nln in a mouse model of stroke results in dramatic improvement of stroke outcomes, while pharmacological inhibition aggravates them. Activation of Nln has therefore emerged as an intriguing target for drug discovery efforts for ischemic stroke. Herein, we report the discovery and hit-to-lead optimization of first-in-class Nln activators based on histidine-containing dipeptide hits identified from a virtual screen. Adopting a peptidomimetic approach provided lead compounds that retain the pharmacophoric histidine moiety and possess single-digit micromolar potency over 40-fold greater than the hit scaffolds. These compounds exhibit 5-fold increased brain penetration, significant selectivity over highly homologous peptidases, greater than 65-fold increase in mouse brain stability, and 'drug-like' fraction unbound in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafikur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Shiva Hadi Esfahani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Joanna Kocot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Andrew Baez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Delaney Farris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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6
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Kaushik P, Ali M, Salman M, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Harnessing the mitochondrial integrity for neuroprotection: Therapeutic role of piperine against experimental ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105138. [PMID: 34284077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a rapidly increasing global burden and is associated with severe neurological decline and mortality. There is urgent requirement of the efforts, aimed to identify therapeutic strategies that are effective in clinic to promote significant recovery from IS. Studies have shown that mitochondria mediated neuroprotection can be a competent target against ischemic damage. Therefore, we examined whether mitochondrial impairment is regulated by Piperine (PIP), an alkaloid of Piper Longum, which has neuroprotective activity against ischemic brain injury. In this study, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery was performed on male Wistar rats for 90 min followed by 22.5 h of reperfusion for mimicking the IS condition. This study consisted of three groups: sham, tMCAO and tMCAO + PIP (10 mg/kg b.wt., p.o/day for 15 days), and studied for behavioral tests, infarct volume, brain pathological changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation alongwith cell survival status. PIP pre-treatment showed reduction in neurological alterations and infarct volume. In addition, PIP pre-treatment suppressed the mitochondrial dysfunction and might have anti-apoptotic potential by preventing Cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from mitochondria to cytoplasm and caspase 3 activation. It also regulates pro-apoptotic, Bax and anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 proteins accompanied by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells in cortex region. Quantitative Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results also showed that PIP reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory protein, interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and enhanced cell survival by restoring the activity of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its transcription protein, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Taken together, PIP reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction, neurological impairment, and enhanced neuronal survival. In conclusion, our findings reinforce PIP as an effective neuroprotective agent and provide important evidence about its role as a potential target to serve as a promising therapy for treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mubashshir Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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7
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Man Kadayat T, Eun Kim D, Bong Lee S, Jung K, Eun Park S, Hong JY, Kim J, Shrestha A, Kim DS, An H, Kim N, Lee SJ, Kwon S, Kim S, Yeon Hwang J, Kim S, Hahn D, Choi H, Nam SJ, Hyun Jeon Y, Jin Hwang J, Jin Cho S, Chin J. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of psiguadial B and its halogenated analogues as potential neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105027. [PMID: 34098398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psiguadial B (8), and its fluoro- (8a), chloro- (8b), and bromo- (8c) derivatives were synthesized using a sodium acetate-catalyzed single step coupling of three components: β-caryophyllene (5), diformylphloroglucinol (11), and benzaldehyde (12). These compounds efficiently and dose-dependently decreased H2O2-induced cell death, a quantitative marker of cell death, in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons. Psiguadial B also decreased neuronal death and accumulation of ROS induced by FeCl2 in cortical cultures. The in vitro effects of these compounds in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), and TNF-α and IL-6 by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in immune cells demonstrated their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. The present findings warrant further research on the development of psiguadial B-based neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, acute brain injuries and immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- Vaccine Commercialization Center, Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry, Andong 33618, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhui Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Vargova I, Machova Urdzikova L, Karova K, Smejkalova B, Sursal T, Cimermanova V, Turnovcova K, Gandhi CD, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. Involvement of mTOR Pathways in Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury by Modulation of Autophagy and Immune Response. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060593. [PMID: 34073791 PMCID: PMC8225190 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is untreatable and remains the leading cause of disability. Neuroprotection and recovery after SCI can be partially achieved by rapamycin (RAPA) treatment, an inhibitor of mTORC1, complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, mechanisms regulated by the mTOR pathway are not only controlled by mTORC1, but also by a second mTOR complex (mTORC2). Second-generation inhibitor, pp242, inhibits both mTORC1 and mtORC2, which led us to explore its therapeutic potential after SCI and compare it to RAPA treatment. In a rat balloon-compression model of SCI, the effect of daily RAPA (5 mg/kg; IP) and pp242 (5 mg/kg; IP) treatment on inflammatory responses and autophagy was observed. We demonstrated inhibition of the mTOR pathway after SCI through analysis of p-S6, p-Akt, and p-4E-BP1 levels. Several proinflammatory cytokines were elevated in pp242-treated rats, while RAPA treatment led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines. Both RAPA and pp242 treatments caused an upregulation of LC3B and led to improved functional and structural recovery in acute SCI compared to the controls, however, a greater axonal sprouting was seen following RAPA treatment. These results suggest that dual mTOR inhibition by pp242 after SCI induces distinct mechanisms and leads to recovery somewhat inferior to that following RAPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vargova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Kristyna Karova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbora Smejkalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tolga Sursal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Veronika Cimermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Chirag D. Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.-U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +420-2-4106-2828 (P.J.)
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.J.-U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +420-2-4106-2828 (P.J.)
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9
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Yang GX, Sun JM, Zheng LL, Zhang L, Li J, Gan HX, Huang Y, Huang J, Diao XX, Tang Y, Wang R, Ma L. Twin drug design, synthesis and evaluation of diosgenin derivatives as multitargeted agents for the treatment of vascular dementia. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 37:116109. [PMID: 33780813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of multitargeted molecules were designed and synthesized by combining the pharmacological role of cholinesterase inhibitor and antioxidant of steroid as potential ligands for the treatment of Vascular Dementia (VD). The oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was used to evaluate these molecules, among which the most potent compound ML5 showed the highest activity. Firstly, ML5 showed appropriate inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs) at orally 15 mg/kg in vivo. The further test revealed that ML5 promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, ML5 has significant neuroprotective effect in vivo model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), significantly increasing the expression of Nrf2 protein in the cerebral cortex. In the molecular docking research, we predicted the ML5 combined with hAChE and Keap1. Finally, compound ML5 displayed normal oral absorption and it was nontoxic at 500 mg/kg, po, dose. We can draw the conclusion that ML5 could be considered as a new potential compound for VD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jia-Min Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hai-Xian Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xing-Xing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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10
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Borgini M, Mondal P, Liu R, Wipf P. Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:483-537. [PMID: 34046626 PMCID: PMC8128042 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in Kv7 modulators originates from their ability to evoke fundamental electrophysiological perturbations in a tissue-specific manner. A large number of therapeutic applications are, in part, based on the clinical experience with two broad-spectrum Kv7 agonists, flupirtine and retigabine. Since precise molecular structures of human Kv7 channel subtypes in closed and open states have only very recently started to emerge, computational studies have traditionally been used to analyze binding modes and direct the development of more potent and selective Kv7 modulators with improved safety profiles. Herein, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of small molecule modulators and the representative biological properties are summarized. Furthermore, new therapeutic applications supported by in vitro and in vivo assay data are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Pravat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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11
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Lawson K, Singh A, Kantsedikas I, Jenner CA, Austen DK. Flupirtine as a Potential Treatment for Fibromyalgia. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Sharma S, Singh A, Sharma S, Sharma R, Singh J, Kinarivala N, Nepali K, Liou JP. Tailored Quinolines Demonstrate Flexibility to Exert Antitumor Effects through Varied Mechanisms-A Medicinal Perspective. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:288-315. [PMID: 32900354 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200908104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoline is considered to be a privileged heterocyclic ring owing to its presence in diverse scaffolds endowed with promising activity profiles. In particular, quinoline containing compounds have exhibited substantial antiproliferative effects through the diverse mechanism of actions, which indicates that the heteroaryl unit is flexible as well as accessible to subtle structural changes that enable its inclusion in chemically distinct anti-tumor constructs. METHODS Herein, we describe a medicinal chemistry perspective on quinolines as anticancer agents by digging into the peer-reviewed literature as well as patents published in the past few years. RESULTS This review will serve as a guiding tool for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists to gain insights about the benefits of quinoline ring installation to tune the chemical architectures for inducing potent anticancer effects. CONCLUSION Quinoline ring containing anticancer agents presents enough optimism and promise in the field of drug discovery to motivate the researchers towards the continued explorations on such scaffolds. It is highly likely that adequate efforts in this direction might yield some potential cancer therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing P Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Roessler HI, Knoers NVAM, van Haelst MM, van Haaften G. Drug Repurposing for Rare Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:255-267. [PMID: 33563480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are about 7000 identified rare diseases, together affecting 10% of the population. However, fewer than 6% of all rare diseases have an approved treatment option, highlighting their tremendous unmet needs in drug development. The process of repurposing drugs for new indications, compared with the development of novel orphan drugs, is a time-saving and cost-efficient method resulting in higher success rates, which can therefore drastically reduce the risk of drug development for rare diseases. Although drug repurposing is not novel, new strategies have been developed in recent years to do it in a systematic and rational way. Here, we review applied methodologies, recent accomplished progress, and the challenges associated in drug repurposing for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen I Roessler
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V A M Knoers
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Kinarivala N, Morsy A, Patel R, Carmona AV, Sajib MS, Raut S, Mikelis CM, Al-Ahmad A, Trippier PC. An iPSC-Derived Neuron Model of CLN3 Disease Facilitates Small Molecule Phenotypic Screening. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:931-947. [PMID: 33073192 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a family of rare lysosomal storage disorders. The most common form of NCL occurs in children harboring a mutation in the CLN3 gene. This form is lethal with no existing cure or treatment beyond symptomatic relief. The pathophysiology of CLN3 disease is complex and poorly understood, with current in vivo and in vitro models failing to identify pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention. This study reports the characterization of the first CLN3 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived model of the blood-brain barrier and establishes the suitability of an iPSC-derived neuron model of the disease to facilitate compound screening. Upon differentiation, hallmarks of CLN3 disease are apparent, including lipofuscin and subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and attenuated Bcl-2 expression. The model led to the identification of small molecules that cleared subunit c accumulation by mTOR-independent modulation of autophagy, conferred protective effects through induction of Bcl-2 and rescued mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Kinarivala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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15
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Exogenous Flupirtine as Potential Treatment for CLN3 Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081872. [PMID: 32796515 PMCID: PMC7464162 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CLN3 disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting children. Hallmarks include brain atrophy, accelerated neuronal apoptosis, and ceramide elevation. Treatment regimens are supportive, highlighting the importance of novel, disease-modifying drugs. Flupirtine and its new allyl carbamate derivative (compound 6) confer neuroprotective effects in CLN3-deficient cells. This study lays the groundwork for investigating beneficial effects in Cln3Δex7/8 mice. WT/Cln3Δex7/8 mice received flupirtine/compound 6/vehicle for 14 weeks. Short-term effect of flupirtine or compound 6 was tested using a battery of behavioral testing. For flupirtine, gene expression profiles, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell counts were determined. Flupirtine improved neurobehavioral parameters in open field, pole climbing, and Morris water maze tests in Cln3Δex7/8 mice. Several anti-apoptotic markers and ceramide synthesis/degradation enzymes expression was dysregulated in Cln3Δex7/8 mice. Flupirtine reduced astrogliosis in hippocampus and motor cortex of male and female Cln3Δex7/8 mice. Flupirtine increased neuronal cell counts in male mice. The newly synthesized compound 6 showed promising results in open field and pole climbing. In conclusion, flupirtine improved behavioral, neuropathological and biochemical parameters in Cln3Δex7/8 mice, paving the way for potential therapies for CLN3 disease.
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16
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Liang F, Wang J, Zhu X, Wang Z, Zheng J, Sun Z, Xu S, Zhang J, Zhou J, Shi L. Melatonin Alleviates Neuronal Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hyperglycemic Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2573-2584. [PMID: 32753840 PMCID: PMC7342491 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s257333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study sought to investigate a novel effect of melatonin in reducing brain injury in an in vivo hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model and further explore the mechanisms of protection. Methods Hyperglycemia ICH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozocin injection followed by autologous blood injection into the striatum. A combined approach including RNA-specific depletion, electron microscopy, magnetic resonance, Western blots, and immunohistological staining was applied to quantify the brain injuries after ICH. Results Hyperglycemia resulted in enlarged hematoma volume, deteriorated brain edema, and aggravated neuronal mitochondria damage 3 days after ICH. Post-treatment with melatonin 2 hours after ICH dose-dependently improved neurological behavioral performance lasting out to 14 days after ICH. This improved neurological function was associated with enhanced structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. Mechanistic studies revealed that melatonin alleviated mitochondria damage in neurons via activating the PPARδ/PGC-1α pathway. Promisingly, melatonin treatment delayed until 6 hours after ICH still reduced brain edema and improved neurological functions. Melatonin supplementation reduces neuronal damage after hyperglycemic ICH by alleviating mitochondria damage in a PPARδ/PGC-1α-dependent manner. Conclusion Melatonin may represent a therapeutic strategy with a wide therapeutic window to reduce brain damage and improve long-term recovery after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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17
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Bioactive Polyphenols and Neuromodulation: Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072564. [PMID: 32272735 PMCID: PMC7178158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in dietary polyphenols in recent years has greatly increased due to their antioxidant bioactivity with preventive properties against chronic diseases. Polyphenols, by modulating different cellular functions, play an important role in neuroprotection and are able to neutralize the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Interestingly, all these mechanisms are involved in neurodegeneration. Although polyphenols display differences in their effectiveness due to interindividual variability, recent studies indicated that bioactive polyphenols in food and beverages promote health and prevent age-related cognitive decline. Polyphenols have a poor bioavailability and their digestion by gut microbiota produces active metabolites. In fact, dietary bioactive polyphenols need to be modified by microbiota present in the intestine before being absorbed, and to exert health preventive effects by interacting with cellular signalling pathways. This literature review includes an evaluation of the literature in English up to December 2019 in PubMed and Web of Science databases. A total of 307 studies, consisting of research reports, review articles and articles were examined and 146 were included. The review highlights the role of bioactive polyphenols in neurodegeneration, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are modulated by polyphenols involved in protection from oxidative stress and apoptosis prevention.
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18
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The current state of drug repurposing and rare diseases: an interview with Paul Trippier. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paul Tripper is an Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC, NE, USA) and an Editorial Board member of Future Drug Discovery. Here, he speaks to Managing Editor Francesca Lake about drug repurposing, focusing on the key challenges, its application to rare diseases and what we can look forward to in the future.
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19
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Singh H, Kinarivala N, Sharma S. Multi-Targeting Anticancer Agents: Rational Approaches, Synthetic Routes and Structure Activity Relationship. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:842-874. [PMID: 30657048 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190118120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We live in a world with complex diseases such as cancer which cannot be cured with one-compound one-target based therapeutic paradigm. This could be due to the involvement of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. One-compound-various-targets stratagem has become a prevailing research topic in anti-cancer drug discovery. The simultaneous interruption of two or more targets has improved the therapeutic efficacy as compared to the specific targeted based therapy. In this review, six types of dual targeting agents along with some interesting strategies used for their design and synthesis are discussed. Their pharmacology with various types of the molecular interactions within their specific targets has also been described. This assemblage will reveal the recent trends and insights in front of the scientific community working in dual inhibitors and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeted anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India.,Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
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20
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Wei M, Wu Y, Liu H, Xie C. Genipin Induces Autophagy and Suppresses Cell Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/MTOR Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:395-405. [PMID: 32099325 PMCID: PMC6996293 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and it accounts for more than 90% of oral cancer. Due to high mortality, limitations of traditional treatment and many complications, new treatment methods are urgently needed. This study aimed to look into the effect of new potential anti-tumor drug, genipin, on OSCC treatment. Methods In vitro, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of genipin on SCC-9 and SCC-15 cell lines. Immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were used to investigate its mechanism. Xenograft tumor model was used to explore the role of genipin in vivo. Results We found that genipin suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the expression of p62 was down-regulated while Beclin1 and LC3II were up-regulated in SCC-25 and SCC-9 cells. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly decreased LC3 (LC3II)+ puncta, but genipin rescuect 3d this reduction. Furthermore, genipin also reduced the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. In vivo experiment showed that genipin significantly curbed the tumor size and weight. The positive expression of Ki67 protein and number of apoptotic cells were increased. Conclusion Conclusively, this study implicated that genipin suppresses cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis, and is the first exploration showing that genipin induces OSCC cell autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingBo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - YanLi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Xie
- Stomatology Center, Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
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21
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Xiang S, Chen K, Xu L, Wang T, Guo C. Bergenin Exerts Hepatoprotective Effects by Inhibiting the Release of Inflammatory Factors, Apoptosis and Autophagy via the PPAR-γ Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:129-143. [PMID: 32021098 PMCID: PMC6970010 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s229063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) limits the development of liver transplantation technology. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of Bergenin on hepatic IR, particularly the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) pathway. Methods Initial experiments were performed to confirm the non-toxicity of Bergenin. Mice were randomly divided into sham, IR, and IR + Bergenin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) groups, and serum and tissue samples were obtained at 2, 8 and 24 h for detection of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS, cell death markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1 and LC3) and related important pathways (PPAR-γ, P38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and JAK2/STAT1). Results Bergenin reduced the release of ROS, down-regulated inflammatory factors, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, expression of PPAR-γ-related genes was increased and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and JAK2/STAT1-related proteins was decreased in Bergenin pre-treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Bergenin exerts hepatic protection by eliminating ROS, affecting the release of inflammatory factors, and influencing apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes via the PPAR-γ pathway in this model of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wang Y, Pang B, Zhang R, Fu Y, Pang Q. Ubenimex induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rat GH3 and MMQ cells through the ROS/ERK pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3217-3228. [PMID: 31571825 PMCID: PMC6750015 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ubenimex, an aminopeptidase N (APN) inhibitor, is widely known for its use as an adjunct therapy for cancer therapy. However, in recent studies, it has also conferred antitumour effects in many cancers, but its anticancer mechanism is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the specific anticancer activities and mechanisms of ubenimex in GH3 and MMQ cells. Materials and methods In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of ubenimex in GH3 and MMQ cells. Cell viability and cell death were assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 kit (CCK-8) and a LIVE/DEAD cell imaging kit. Apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Autophagosome formation was detected by transmission electron microscopy, and autophagic flux was measured with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral transfection. The protein expression level was detected by Western blotting. Results The results revealed that treatment with ubenimex induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in GH3 and MMQ cells, which resulted in decreased viability, an increased proportion of apoptotic cells, and autophagosome formation. Further experiments showed that ubenimex induced ROS generation and activated the ROS/ERK pathway. The ROS scavenger NAC could attenuate ubenimex-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion Our studies revealed that ubenimex exerted anticancer effects by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death in GH3 and MMQ cells, rendering it a possible effective adjunctive therapy for pituitary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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23
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Singh H, Singh JV, Bhagat K, Gulati HK, Sanduja M, Kumar N, Kinarivala N, Sharma S. Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for therapeutic coumarin hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3477-3510. [PMID: 31255497 PMCID: PMC7970831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid molecules, furnished by combining two or more pharmacophores is an emerging concept in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery that has attracted substantial traction in the past few years. Naturally occurring scaffolds such as coumarins display a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including anticancer, antibiotic, antidiabetic and others, by acting on multiple targets. In this view, various coumarin-based hybrids possessing diverse medicinal attributes were synthesized in the last five years by conjugating coumarin moiety with other therapeutic pharmacophores. The current review summarizes the recent development (2014 and onwards) of these pharmacologically active coumarin hybrids and demonstrates rationale behind their design, structure-activity relationships (SAR) and mechanistic studies performed on these hybrid molecules. This review will be beneficial for medicinal chemist and chemical biologist, and in general to the drug discovery community and will facilitate the synthesis and development of novel, potent coumarin hybrid molecules serving as lead molecules for the treatment of complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Sanduja
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal 121105, Haryana, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Tan Y, Bi X, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhang N, Lao J, Liu X. Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity via downregulation of Stathmin 1. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2067-2079. [PMID: 31308624 PMCID: PMC6618032 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s199572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Understanding of lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity is not complete, resulting in the unsuccessful treatment in some clinical settings. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to alleviate lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity in our previous cell model. However, the rationale for DEX combined with lidocaine to reduce lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity in the clinical setting remains to be further clarified in the detailed molecular mechanism. Methods: In this study, we established a cellular injury model by lidocaine preconditioning. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assay kit were used to analyze cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining. Cell cycle progression was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Our results showed that DEX dose-dependently restored impaired proliferation of PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the increased cell viability and EdU positive cells, which were consistent with the decreased expression of tumor suppressor protein p21 and increased expression of cell cycle-related cyclin D1 and CDK1. In addition, DEX dose-dependently reduced apoptotic PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the decreased expression of apoptosis-related Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and increased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 compared to the cells only treated with lidocaine. Mechanistically, with gain-or-loss-of-function of STMN1, we showed that DEX-mediated neuroprotection by lidocaine-induced damage is associated with downregulation of STMN1 which might be an upstream molecule involved in regulation of mitochondria death pathway. Conclusion: Our results reveal that DEX is likely to be an effective adjunct to alleviate chronic neurotoxicity induced by lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Lao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Xia B, Qiao Z, Duan L, Wang G, Meng W, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhang M. Tetramethylpyrazine attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through regulating apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative damage. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1187-1196. [PMID: 31114159 PMCID: PMC6489565 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s196172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bupivacaine (BUP) acts as a local anesthetic, which is extensively used for clinical patients but could generate neurotoxicity in neurons. Tetramethylpyrazine (TET) exhibits strong neuron protective effects against neurotoxicity. Hence, we investigate the effect of TET on BUP-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, Western blotting was used to examine Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase 3, LC3II, Beclin 1 and p-62 protein levels in cells. Moreover, ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of total glutathione (GS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells. Results: In this study, we found that TET attenuated the neurotoxicity of BUP on SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, TET alleviated BUP-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell via decreasing the expressions of active caspase-3 and Bax and increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, monodansylcadaverine staining assay and Western blotting results confirmed that TET induced autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells via increasing the LC3II/I and Beclin 1 levels. Furthermore, TET attenuated BUP-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells via upregulation of the levels of total GS and SOD and downregulation of the level of MDA. Interesting, the protective effects of TET against BUP-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells were reversed by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). Conclusion: These data indicated that TET may play a neuroprotective role via inhibiting apoptosis and inducing autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, TET may be a potential agent for the treatment of human neurotoxicity induced by BUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglei Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyun County People's Hospital, Dezhou 253700, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
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Hou Y, Wang J, Feng J. The neuroprotective effects of curcumin are associated with the regulation of the reciprocal function between autophagy and HIF-1α in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1135-1144. [PMID: 31040648 PMCID: PMC6461000 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s194182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The beneficial, neuroprotective effects of curcumin against ischemia-reperfusion injury have been demonstrated. In the present study, whether curcumin exerts neuroprotective effects associated with the inhibition of autophagy and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was investigated. Materials and methods PC12 cellular model of oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) has been developed to mimic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell viability was evaluated using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of HIF-1α and autophagy-associated proteins, LC3 and P62, were examined using Western blot. The autophagy flux was quantitatively estimated based on the number of autophagic compartments using fluorescence microscopy. In addition, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was administered to PC12 cells to investigate how autophagy affects HIF-1α. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of HIF-1α on autophagy activation level were examined. Results In this study, curcumin decreased the death and apoptosis of cells, and inhibited autophagy and HIF-1α under OGD/R conditions, consistent with 3-MA treatment or HIF-1α downregulation. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy caused a decrease in HIF-1α, and the attenuation of HIF-1α induced autophagy suppression under OGD/R conditions. Conclusion The results of this study showed that curcumin exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion, which is associated with the regulation of the reciprocal function between autophagy and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China,
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China,
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Abstract
The highly structurally similar drugs flupirtine and retigabine have been regarded as safe and effective for many years but lately they turned out to exert intolerable side effects. While the twin molecules share the mode of action, both stabilize the open state of voltage-gated potassium channels, the form and severity of adverse effects is different. The analgesic flupirtine caused drug-induced liver injury in rare but fatal cases, whereas prolonged use of the antiepileptic retigabine led to blue tissue discoloration. Because the adverse effects seem unrelated to the mode of action, it is likely, that both drugs that occupied important therapeutic niches, could be replaced. Reasons for the clinically relevant toxicity will be clarified and future substitutes for these drugs presented in this review.
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Sardarian AR, Dindarloo Inaloo I, Zangiabadi M. An Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff base/Cu(ii) complex as an efficient recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst for selective mono N-arylation of primary O-alkyl thiocarbamates and primary O-alkyl carbamates with aryl halides and arylboronic acids. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient selective mono N-arylation of primary O-alkyl thiocarbamates and carbamates is reported by a recyclable magnetic Cu(ii) nanocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Sardarian
- Chemistry Department
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71946-84795
- Iran
| | | | - Milad Zangiabadi
- Chemistry Department
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71946-84795
- Iran
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Shan Y, Sun S, Yang F, Shang N, Liu H. Dexmedetomidine protects the developing rat brain against the neurotoxicity wrought by sevoflurane: role of autophagy and Drp1-Bax signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3617-3624. [PMID: 30464393 PMCID: PMC6214411 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of sevoflurane on the nervous system is controversial. As an adjuvant anesthetic, dexmedetomidine has a protective role in various nerve-injury diseases. We investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine on injury to the developing brain induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, and if autophagy and mitochondrial damage are involved in the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine. METHODS Pregnant rats on gestational day 20 were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 4 hours. Saline and dexmedetomidine were injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes before exposure to sevoflurane or control gas. Bilateral hippocampi were harvested on postnatal day 1. Hippocampal morphology was observed by Nissl staining and expression of the microtubule-related protein LC3I/II, p62, Drp1, Bax, and Bcl2 were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nissl staining showed that sevoflurane anesthesia during the third trimester caused neuronal damage to the hippocampi of rat pups. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that pregnant rats exposed to sevoflurane during the third trimester led to pups having increased expression of LC3 and p62, suggesting that sevoflurane blocked autophagic flow in the hippocampus. Expression of Drp1 and Bax was increased after sevoflurane exposure, whereas Bcl2 expression was downregulated. All these effects were alleviated by pretreatment with dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane exposure during the third trimester caused neurological injury to rat pups. Autophagy and abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics were involved in this neurotoxic process and were antagonized by dexmedetomidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Respiration, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, 110003, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China, ,Correspondence: Hongtao Liu, Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China, Email
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Wei Q, Liang X, Peng Y, Yu D, Zhang R, Jin H, Fan J, Cai W, Ren C, Yu J. 17β-estradiol ameliorates oxidative stress and blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration by decreasing apoptosis and enhancing autophagy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2715-2730. [PMID: 30233136 PMCID: PMC6129027 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s176349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the effects of 17β-estradiol (βE2) on blue light-emitting diode (LED)-induced retinal degeneration (RD) in rats and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced retinal pigment epithelium cell injury in humans and elucidate the protective mechanism of βE2 underlying these processes. Methods Female ovariectomized (OVX) rats were intravitreally injected with βE2 before blue LED exposure (3,000 lux, 2 hours). Retinal function and morphology were assayed via electroretinogram (ERG) and H&E, respectively. Cell viability was assayed using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell ROS were measured using dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Gene expression and protein expression were quantified using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Autophagosomes were examined by electron microscopy. Results Female OVX rats were exposed to blue LED, inducing RD. βE2 significantly prevented the reduction in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes and the disruption of retinal structure, the loss of photoreceptor cells, and the decrease in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer caused by blue LED exposure. βE2 also decreased cell apoptosis in the retina in blue LED-induced RD. Additionally, βE2 reduced ROS levels and apoptosis in H2O2-treated human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. Furthermore, βE2 increased the protein expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 and decreased the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax during blue LED-induced retinal damage and in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. βE2 also increased the number of autopha-gosomes and upregulated the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin 1 in these processes. Conclusion βE2 protects against blue LED-induced RD and H2O2-induced oxidative stress by acting as an antioxidant, and its protective mechanism might occur by reducing apoptosis and enhancing autophagy; βE2 may be a novel and effective therapy for age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Xiuwei Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Huizi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Wenting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, , .,Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
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Makoukji J, Saadeh F, Mansour KA, El-Sitt S, Al Ali J, Kinarivala N, Trippier PC, Boustany RM. Flupirtine derivatives as potential treatment for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1089-1103. [PMID: 30250865 PMCID: PMC6144451 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL) are fatal inherited neurodegenerative diseases with established neuronal cell death and increased ceramide levels in brain, hence, a need for disease‐modifying drug candidates, with potential to enhance growth, reduce apoptosis and lower ceramide in neuronal precursor PC12 cells and human NCL cell lines using enhanced flupirtine aromatic carbamate derivatives in vitro. Methods Aromatic carbamate derivatives were tested by establishing growth curves under pro‐apoptotic conditions and activity evaluated by trypan blue and JC‐1 staining, as well as a drop in pro‐apoptotic ceramide in neuronal precursor PC12 cells following siRNA knockdown of the CLN3 gene, and CLN1‐/CLN2‐/CLN3‐/CLN6‐/CLN8 patient‐derived lymphoblasts. Ceramide levels were determined in CLN1‐/CLN2‐/CLN3‐/CLN6‐/CLN8 patient‐derived lymphoblasts before and after treatment. Expression of BCL‐2, ceramide synthesis enzymes (CERS2/CERS6/SMPD1/DEGS2) and Caspases 3/8/9 levels were compared in treated versus untreated CLN3‐deficient PC12 cells by qRT‐PCR. Results Retigabine, the benzyl‐derivatized carbamate and an allyl carbamate derivative were neuroprotective in CLN3‐defective PC12 cells and rescued CLN1‐/CLN2‐/CLN3‐/CLN6‐/CLN8 patient‐derived lymphoblasts from diminished growth and accelerated apoptosis. All drugs decreased ceramide in CLN1‐/CLN2‐/CLN3‐/CLN6‐/CLN8 patient‐derived lymphoblasts. Increased BCL‐2 and decreased ceramide synthesis enzyme expression were established in CLN3‐derived PC12 cells treated with the benzyl and allyl carbamate derivatives. They down‐regulated Caspase 3/Caspase 8 expression. Caspase 9 expression was reduced by the benzyl‐derivatized carbamate. Interpretation These findings establish that compounds analogous to flupirtine demonstrate anti‐apoptotic activity with potential for treatment of NCL disease and use of ceramide as a marker for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Makoukji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Fadi Saadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Karl Albert Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Sally El-Sitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Jamal Al Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Amarillo Texas
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Amarillo Texas
| | - Rose-Mary Boustany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon.,Neurogenetics Program AUBMC Special Kids Clinic Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
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