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Muzammil K, Sabah Ghnim Z, Saeed Gataa I, Fawzi Al-Hussainy A, Ali Soud N, Adil M, Ali Shallan M, Yasamineh S. NRF2-mediated regulation of lipid pathways in viral infection. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101279. [PMID: 38772081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The first line of defense against viral infection of the host cell is the cellular lipid membrane, which is also a crucial first site of contact for viruses. Lipids may sometimes be used as viral receptors by viruses. For effective infection, viruses significantly depend on lipid rafts during the majority of the viral life cycle. It has been discovered that different viruses employ different lipid raft modification methods for attachment, internalization, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly, and release. To preserve cellular homeostasis, cells have potent antioxidant, detoxifying, and cytoprotective capabilities. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), widely expressed in many tissues and cell types, is one crucial component controlling electrophilic and oxidative stress (OS). NRF2 has recently been given novel tasks, including controlling inflammation and antiviral interferon (IFN) responses. The activation of NRF2 has two effects: it may both promote and prevent the development of viral diseases. NRF2 may also alter the host's metabolism and innate immunity during viral infection. However, its primary function in viral infections is to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In several research, the impact of NRF2 on lipid metabolism has been examined. NRF2 is also involved in the control of lipids during viral infection. We evaluated NRF2's function in controlling viral and lipid infections in this research. We also looked at how lipids function in viral infections. Finally, we investigated the role of NRF2 in lipid modulation during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nashat Ali Soud
- Collage of Dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | | | | | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Gaisina I, Li P, Du R, Cui Q, Dong M, Zhang C, Manicassamy B, Caffrey M, Moore T, Cooper L, Rong L. An orally active entry inhibitor of influenza A viruses protects mice and synergizes with oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9004. [PMID: 38394202 PMCID: PMC10889430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal or pandemic illness caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs) is a major public health concern due to the high morbidity and notable mortality. Although there are several approved drugs targeting different mechanisms, the emergence of drug resistance calls for new drug candidates that can be used alone or in combinations. Small-molecule IAV entry inhibitor, ING-1466, binds to hemagglutinin (HA) and blocks HA-mediated viral infection. Here, we show that this inhibitor demonstrates preventive and therapeutic effects in a mouse model of IAV with substantial improvement in the survival rate. When administered orally it elicits a therapeutic effect in mice, even after the well-established infection. Moreover, the combination of ING-1466 with oseltamivir phosphate or baloxavir marboxil enhances the therapeutic effect in a synergistic manner. Overall, ING-1466 has excellent oral bioavailability and in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile, suggesting that it can be developed for monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gaisina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Meiyue Dong
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Terry Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 26 60612, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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Michalaki C, Albers GJ, Byrne AJ. Itaconate as a key regulator of respiratory disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:120-125. [PMID: 38018224 PMCID: PMC10847819 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation results in the accumulation of endogenous metabolites capable of adopting immunomodulatory roles; one such bioactive metabolite is itaconate. After macrophage stimulation, the TCA-cycle intermediate cis-aconitate is converted to itaconate (by aconitate decarboxylase-1, ACOD1) in the mitochondrial matrix. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of targeting itaconate as a therapeutic strategy for lung diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and respiratory infections. This review aims to bring together evidence which highlights a role for itaconate in chronic lung diseases (such as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis) and respiratory infections (such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection). A better understanding of the role of itaconate in lung disease could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes in respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gesa J Albers
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adam J Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Romeo R, Legnani L, Chiacchio MA, Giofrè SV, Iannazzo D. Antiviral Compounds to Address Influenza Pandemics: An Update from 2016-2022. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2507-2549. [PMID: 37691217 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230907093501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the world has gained experience of the dangerous effects of pandemic events caused by emerging respiratory viruses. In particular, annual epidemics of influenza are responsible for severe illness and deaths. Even if conventional influenza vaccines represent the most effective tool for preventing virus infections, they are not completely effective in patients with severe chronic disease and immunocompromised and new small molecules have emerged to prevent and control the influenza viruses. Thus, the attention of chemists is continuously focused on the synthesis of new antiviral drugs able to interact with the different molecular targets involved in the virus replication cycle. To date, different classes of influenza viruses inhibitors able to target neuraminidase enzyme, hemagglutinin protein, Matrix-2 (M2) protein ion channel, nucleoprotein or RNAdependent RNA polymerase have been synthesized using several synthetic strategies comprising the chemical modification of currently used drugs. The best results, in terms of inhibitory activity, are in the nanomolar range and have been obtained from the chemical modification of clinically used drugs such as Peramivir, Zanamivir, Oseltamir, Rimantadine, as well as sialylated molecules, and hydroxypyridinone derivatives. The aim of this review is to report, covering the period 2016-2022, the most recent routes related to the synthesis of effective influenza virus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contrada di Dio, Messina, 98166, Italy
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5
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Liu X, Xu Z, Liang J, Xu T, Zou W, Zhu L, Wu Y, Dong C, Lan K, Wu S, Zhou HB. Rational design and optimization of acylthioureas as novel potent influenza virus non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115678. [PMID: 37531746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that rapidly evolving virus subvariants risk rendering current vaccines and anti-influenza drugs ineffective. Hence, exploring novel scaffolds or new targets of anti-influenza drugs is of great urgency. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of acylthiourea derivatives produced via a scaffold-hopping strategy as potent antiviral agents against influenza A and B subtypes. The most effective compound 10m displayed subnanomolar activity against H1N1 proliferation (EC50 = 0.8 nM) and exhibited inhibitory activity toward other influenza strains, including influenza B virus and H1N1 variant (H1N1, H274Y). Additionally, druggability evaluation revealed that 10m exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties and was metabolically stable in liver microsome preparations from three different species as well as in human plasma. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies confirmed that 10m demonstrated a high safety profile. Furthermore, 10m exhibited satisfactory antiviral activity in a lethal influenza virus mouse model. Moreover, mechanistic studies indicated that these acylthiourea derivatives inhibited influenza virus proliferation by targeting influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Thus, 10m is a potential lead compound for the further exploration of treatment options for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinsen Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wenting Zou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yihe Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Shuwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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6
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Ribó-Molina P, Weiss HJ, Susma B, van Nieuwkoop S, Persoons L, Zheng Y, Ruzek M, Daelemans D, Fouchier RAM, O'Neill LAJ, van den Hoogen BG. 4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza A replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1. J Virol 2023; 97:e0132523. [PMID: 37823646 PMCID: PMC10617539 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01325-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Itaconate derivates, as well as the naturally produced metabolite, have been proposed as antivirals against influenza virus. Here, the mechanism behind the antiviral effects of exogenous 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of itaconate, against the influenza A virus replication is demonstrated. The data indicate that 4-OI targets the cysteine at position 528 of the CRM1 protein, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes in a similar manner as previously described for other selective inhibitors of nuclear export. These results postulate a mechanism not observed before for this immuno-metabolite derivative. This knowledge is helpful for the development of derivatives of 4-OI as potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Ribó-Molina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke J. Weiss
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Leentje Persoons
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yunan Zheng
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melanie Ruzek
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luke A. J. O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Mykhailenko O, Hsieh CF, El-Shazly M, Nikishin A, Kovalyov V, Shynkarenko P, Ivanauskas L, Chen BH, Horng JT, Hwang TL, Georgiyants V, Korinek M. Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Isoflavonoids from Ukrainian Iris aphylla Rhizomes: Structure-Activity Relationship Coupled with ChemGPS-NP Analysis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1063-1073. [PMID: 36977489 DOI: 10.1055/a-2063-5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dried Iris rhizomes have been used in Chinese and European traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bacterial infections, cancer, and inflammation, as well as for being astringent, laxative, and diuretic agents. Eighteen phenolic compounds including some rare secondary metabolites, such as irisolidone, kikkalidone, irigenin, irisolone, germanaism B, kaempferol, and xanthone mangiferin, were isolated for the first time from Iris aphylla rhizomes. The hydroethanolic Iris aphylla extract and some of its isolated constituents showed protective effects against influenza H1N1 and enterovirus D68 and anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils. The promising anti-influenza effect of apigenin (13: , almost 100% inhibition at 50 µM), kaempferol (14: , 92%), and quercetin (15: , 48%) were further confirmed by neuraminidase inhibitory assay. Irisolidone (1: , almost 100% inhibition at 50 µM), kikkalidone (5: , 93%), and kaempferol (14: , 83%) showed promising anti-enterovirus D68 activity in vitro. The identified compounds were plotted using ChemGPS-NP to correlate the observed activity of the isolated phenolic compounds with the in-house database of anti-influenza and anti-enterovirus agents. Our results indicated that the hydroethanolic Iris aphylla extract and Iris phenolics hold the potential to be developed for the management of seasonal pandemics of influenza and enterovirus infections.
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Grants
- ZRRPF3L0091 Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- CMRPF1L0071 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
- CMRPF1M0101-2 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
- CMRPF1M0131-2 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
- CORPF1L0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
- KMU-Q112006 Kaohsiung Medical University
- 109-2320-B-037-004-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 109-2320-B-650-001-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 109-2327-B-182-002 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 109-2327-B-255-001 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 111-2320-B-037-007 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 111-2321-B-182-001 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Mykhailenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Fan Hsieh
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexander Nikishin
- V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Organic Chemistry Department, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Kovalyov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Michal Korinek
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Waqas FH, Shehata M, Elgaher WAM, Lacour A, Kurmasheva N, Begnini F, Kiib AE, Dahlmann J, Chen C, Pavlou A, Poulsen TB, Merkert S, Martin U, Olmer R, Olagnier D, Hirsch AKH, Pleschka S, Pessler F. NRF2 activators inhibit influenza A virus replication by interfering with nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral RNPs in an NRF2-independent manner. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011506. [PMID: 37459366 PMCID: PMC10374058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, activators of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid-2-like-2 (NRF2) signaling pathway have antiviral effects, but the underlying antiviral mechanisms are incompletely understood. We evaluated the ability of the NRF2 activators 4-octyl itaconate (4OI), bardoxolone methyl (BARD), sulforaphane (SFN), and the inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export selinexor (SEL) to interfere with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) infection of human cells. All compounds reduced viral titers in supernatants from A549 cells and vascular endothelial cells in the order of efficacy SEL>4OI>BARD = SFN, which correlated with their ability to prevent nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral nucleoprotein and the host cell protein p53. In contrast, intracellular levels of viral HA mRNA and nucleocapsid protein (NP) were unaffected. Knocking down mRNA encoding KEAP1 (the main inhibitor of NRF2) or inactivating the NFE2L2 gene (which encodes NRF2) revealed that physiologic NRF2 signaling restricts IAV replication. However, the antiviral effect of all compounds was NRF2-independent. Instead, XPO1 knock-down greatly reduced viral titers, and incubation of Calu3 cells with an alkynated 4OI probe demonstrated formation of a covalent complex with XPO1. Ligand-target modelling predicted covalent binding of all three NRF2 activators and SEL to the active site of XPO1 involving the critical Cys528. SEL and 4OI manifested the highest binding energies, whereby the 4-octyl tail of 4OI interacted extensively with the hydrophobic groove of XPO1, which binds nuclear export sequences on cargo proteins. Conversely, SEL as well as the three NRF2 activators were predicted to covalently bind the functionally critical Cys151 in KEAP1. Blocking XPO1-mediated nuclear export may, thus, constitute a "noncanonical" mechanism of anti-influenza activity of electrophilic NRF2 activators that can interact with similar cysteine environments at the active sites of XPO1 and KEAP1. Considering the importance of XPO1 function to a variety of pathogenic viruses, compounds that are optimized to inhibit both targets may constitute an important class of broadly active host-directed treatments that embody anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar H Waqas
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Antoine Lacour
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Chutao Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Merkert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Protein targeting by the itaconate family in immunity and inflammation. Biochem J 2022; 479:2499-2510. [PMID: 36546613 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are metabolically plastic and respond to inflammatory stimuli with large shifts in metabolism. Itaconate is one of the most up-regulated metabolites in macrophages in response to the gram negative bacterial product LPS. As such, itaconate has recently been the subject of intense research interest. The artificial derivatives, including 4-Octyl Itaconate (4-OI) and Dimethyl Itaconate (DI) and naturally produced isomers, mesaconate and citraconate, have been tested in relation to itaconate biology with similarities and differences in the biochemistry and immunomodulatory properties of this family of compounds emerging. Both itaconate and 4-OI have been shown to modify cysteines on a range of target proteins, with the modification being linked to a functional change. Targets include KEAP1 (the NRF2 inhibitor), GAPDH, NLRP3, JAK1, and the lysosomal regulator, TFEB. 4-OI and DI are more electrophilic, and are therefore stronger NRF2 activators, and inhibit the production of Type I IFNs, while itaconate inhibits SDH and the dioxygenase, TET2. Additionally, both itaconate and derivates have been shown to be protective across a wide range of mouse models of inflammatory and infectious diseases, through both distinct and overlapping mechanisms. As such, continued research involving the comparison of itaconate and related molecules holds exciting prospects for the study of cysteine modification and pathways for immunomodulation and the potential for new anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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10
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Ke S, Huang W, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Fang W, Wan Z, Gong Y, Yang J, Wang K, Shi L. Diarylamine-Guided Carboxamide Derivatives: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Potential Mechanism of Action. Front Chem 2022; 10:953523. [PMID: 35903190 PMCID: PMC9315260 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.953523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarylamines are a class of important skeleton widely existing in drugs or natural products. To discover novel diarylamine analogues as potential drugs, two series of diamide and carboxamide derivatives containing diarylamine scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potential cytotoxic activities. The bioassay results indicated that some of the obtained compounds (C5, C6, C7, C11) exhibited good cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, A875, HepG2), especially, compound C11 present significantly selective proliferation inhibition activity on cancer and normal cell lines (MARC145). In addition, the possible apoptosis induction for highly potential molecules was investigated, which present compound C11 could be used as novel lead compound for discovery of promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Ke
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Ke, ; Kaimei Wang, ; Liqiao Shi,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaimei Wang
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Ke, ; Kaimei Wang, ; Liqiao Shi,
| | - Liqiao Shi
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Ke, ; Kaimei Wang, ; Liqiao Shi,
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11
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Krátký M, Novotná E, Stolaříková J, Švarcová M, Vinšová J. Substituted N-phenylitaconamides as inhibitors of mycobacteria and mycobacterial isocitrate lyase. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Chen F, Elgaher WAM, Winterhoff M, Büssow K, Waqas FH, Graner E, Pires-Afonso Y, Casares Perez L, de la Vega L, Sahini N, Czichon L, Zobl W, Zillinger T, Shehata M, Pleschka S, Bähre H, Falk C, Michelucci A, Schuchardt S, Blankenfeldt W, Hirsch AKH, Pessler F. Citraconate inhibits ACOD1 (IRG1) catalysis, reduces interferon responses and oxidative stress, and modulates inflammation and cell metabolism. Nat Metab 2022; 4:534-546. [PMID: 35655026 PMCID: PMC9170585 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of itaconate have been studied extensively, it is not known whether its naturally occurring isomers mesaconate and citraconate have similar properties. Here, we show that itaconate is partially converted to mesaconate intracellularly and that mesaconate accumulation in macrophage activation depends on prior itaconate synthesis. When added to human cells in supraphysiological concentrations, all three isomers reduce lactate levels, whereas itaconate is the strongest succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor. In cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV), all three isomers profoundly alter amino acid metabolism, modulate cytokine/chemokine release and reduce interferon signalling, oxidative stress and the release of viral particles. Of the three isomers, citraconate is the strongest electrophile and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) agonist. Only citraconate inhibits catalysis of itaconate by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), probably by competitive binding to the substrate-binding site. These results reveal mesaconate and citraconate as immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative and antiviral compounds, and citraconate as the first naturally occurring ACOD1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - W A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Winterhoff
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Büssow
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - F H Waqas
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Graner
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Y Pires-Afonso
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, LIH Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - L Casares Perez
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - L de la Vega
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - N Sahini
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Czichon
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Zobl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - T Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Shehata
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - S Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research partner site Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Falk
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, LIH Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - S Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - W Blankenfeldt
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - F Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Hou L, Zhang Y, Ju H, Cherukupalli S, Jia R, Zhang J, Huang B, Loregian A, Liu X, Zhan P. Contemporary medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery and optimization of influenza inhibitors targeting vRNP constituent proteins. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1805-1824. [PMID: 35847499 PMCID: PMC9279641 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, affecting people globally and causing significant social and economic losses. Due to the inevitable limitations of vaccines and approved drugs, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-influenza drugs with different mechanisms. The viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) plays an essential role in the life cycle of influenza viruses, representing an attractive target for drug design. In recent years, the functional area of constituent proteins in vRNP are widely used as targets for drug discovery, especially the PA endonuclease active site, the RNA-binding site of PB1, the cap-binding site of PB2 and the nuclear export signal of NP protein. Encouragingly, the PA inhibitor baloxavir has been marketed in Japan and the United States, and several drug candidates have also entered clinical trials, such as favipiravir. This article reviews the compositions and functions of the influenza virus vRNP and the research progress on vRNP inhibitors, and discusses the representative drug discovery and optimization strategies pursued.
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14
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Sohail A, Iqbal AA, Sahini N, Chen F, Tantawy M, Waqas SF, Winterhoff M, Ebensen T, Schultz K, Geffers R, Schughart K, Preusse M, Shehata M, Bähre H, Pils MC, Guzman CA, Mostafa A, Pleschka S, Falk C, Michelucci A, Pessler F. Itaconate and derivatives reduce interferon responses and inflammation in influenza A virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010219. [PMID: 35025971 PMCID: PMC8846506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many viral infections including influenza. Therefore, there is a need for therapeutic interventions that dampen and redirect inflammatory responses and, ideally, exert antiviral effects. Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite which also reprograms cell metabolism and inflammatory responses when applied exogenously. We evaluated effects of endogenous itaconate and exogenous application of itaconate and its variants dimethyl- and 4-octyl-itaconate (DI, 4OI) on host responses to influenza A virus (IAV). Infection induced expression of ACOD1, the enzyme catalyzing itaconate synthesis, in monocytes and macrophages, which correlated with viral replication and was abrogated by DI and 4OI treatment. In IAV-infected mice, pulmonary inflammation and weight loss were greater in Acod1-/- than in wild-type mice, and DI treatment reduced pulmonary inflammation and mortality. The compounds reversed infection-triggered interferon responses and modulated inflammation in human cells supporting non-productive and productive infection, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and in human lung tissue. All three itaconates reduced ROS levels and STAT1 phosphorylation, whereas AKT phosphorylation was reduced by 4OI and DI but increased by itaconate. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified monocytes as the main target of infection and the exclusive source of ACOD1 mRNA in peripheral blood. DI treatment silenced IFN-responses predominantly in monocytes, but also in lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Ectopic synthesis of itaconate in A549 cells, which do not physiologically express ACOD1, reduced infection-driven inflammation, and DI reduced IAV- and IFNγ-induced CXCL10 expression in murine macrophages independent of the presence of endogenous ACOD1. The compounds differed greatly in their effects on cellular gene homeostasis and released cytokines/chemokines, but all three markedly reduced release of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL2 (MCP-1). Viral replication did not increase under treatment despite the dramatically repressed IFN responses. In fact, 4OI strongly inhibited viral transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the compounds reduced viral titers (4OI>Ita>DI) in A549 cells whereas viral transcription was unaffected. Taken together, these results reveal itaconates as immunomodulatory and antiviral interventions for influenza virus infection. Interferon responses are part of the primary host defenses against infections. However, excessive inflammation is often a major factor in severe disease or even death in respiratory infections such as influenza, as it can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis-like multiorgan involvement. We applied itaconate and chemically modified versions of it (which enter cells more efficiently and can be applied at lower doses) to influenza A virus-infected human cells and lung tissue and found that these compounds markedly repress interferon responses and some pro-inflammatory processes without increasing viral replication. In fact, 4-octyl itaconate greatly decreased viral RNA replication in peripheral blood, and itaconate and 4-octyl itaconate reduced production of infectious virus in a human lung cell line. By analyzing gene expression patterns of single mononuclear cells in peripheral blood, we found that the virus infects predominantly monocytes and that these cells are the only source of ACOD1, the enzyme that synthesizes itaconate in humans. In a mouse model of influenza A virus infection, dimethyl-itaconate prevented lung inflammation and improved survival. Thus, our results suggest that novel medications based on itaconate promise to be effective treatments for influenza because they reduce deleterious inflammation and potentially also limit viral spread in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib Sohail
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Azeem A. Iqbal
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nishika Sahini
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohamed Tantawy
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Syed F.H. Waqas
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Winterhoff
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schultz
- Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Matthias Preusse
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina C. Pils
- Mouse Pathology Platform, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Guzman
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Pessler
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: , frank.pesslerwincore.de
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15
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Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of Crocus sativus Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010010. [PMID: 35011243 PMCID: PMC8746171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. Crocus sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of C. sativus leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in Crocus leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC50 = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that Crocus leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
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16
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Korinek M, Handoussa H, Tsai YH, Chen YY, Chen MH, Chiou ZW, Fang Y, Chang FR, Yen CH, Hsieh CF, Chen BH, El-Shazly M, Hwang TL. Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Volatile Oils: Fennel and Cumin Inhibit Neutrophilic Inflammation via Regulating Calcium and MAPKs. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674095. [PMID: 34707494 PMCID: PMC8545060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or psoriasis, exert a huge burden on the global health system due to the lack of safe and effective treatments. Volatile oils from terrestrial plants showed impressive therapeutic effects against disorders of the skin, digestive system, lungs, liver, metabolism, and nervous system. However, their effect on the immune system and neutrophil function is still elusive. Fennel, cumin, marjoram, lavender, caraway, and anise are the common nutraceuticals that are widely used in the Mediterranean diet. The volatile oils of these herbs were screened for various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. Several oils showed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) fruits' volatile oils significantly suppressed the activation of human neutrophils, including respiratory burst and the degranulation induced by formyl peptide receptor agonists fMLF/CB and MMK1 in the human neutrophils (IC50, 3.8–17.2 µg/ml). The cytotoxic effect and free-radical scavenging effects (ABTS, DPPH) of these oils did not account for the observed effects. Both fennel and cumin volatile oils significantly shortened calcium influx recovery time and inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, JNK, and ERK) expression. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of these oils revealed the presence of estragole and cuminaldehyde as the major components of fennel and cumin volatile oils, respectively. Our findings suggested that cumin and fennel, common in the Mediterranean diet, hold the potential to be applied for the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Ying Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zan-Wei Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fan Hsieh
- The Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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17
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Identification of Potential Drug Targets of Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors with a Michael Acceptor Moiety Using Shotgun Proteomics. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091756. [PMID: 34578337 PMCID: PMC8473112 DOI: 10.3390/v13091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Michael addition reaction is a spontaneous and quick chemical reaction that is widely applied in various fields. This reaction is performed by conjugating an addition of nucleophiles with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, resulting in the bond formation of C-N, C-S, C-O, and so on. In the development of molecular materials, the Michael addition is not only used to synthesize chemical compounds but is also involved in the mechanism of drug action. Several covalent drugs that bond via Michael addition are regarded as anticarcinogens and anti-inflammatory drugs. Although drug development is mainly focused on pharmaceutical drug discovery, target-based discovery can provide a different perspective for drug usage. However, considerable time and labor are required to define a molecular target through molecular biological experiments. In this review, we systematically examine the chemical structures of current FDA-approved antiviral drugs for potential Michael addition moieties with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, which may exert an unidentified broad-spectrum inhibitory mechanism to target viral or host factors. We thus propose that profiling the targets of antiviral agents, such as Michael addition products, can be achieved by employing a high-throughput LC-MS approach to comprehensively analyze the interaction between drugs and targets, and the subsequent drug responses in the cellular environment to facilitate drug repurposing and/or identify potential adverse effects, with a particular emphasis on the pros and cons of this shotgun proteomic approach.
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18
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Mykhailenko O, Petrikaitė V, Korinek M, El-Shazly M, Chen BH, Yen CH, Hsieh CF, Bezruk I, Dabrišiūtė A, Ivanauskas L, Georgiyants V, Hwang TL. Bio-guided bioactive profiling and HPLC-DAD fingerprinting of Ukrainian saffron (Crocus sativus stigmas): moving from correlation toward causation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:203. [PMID: 34289850 PMCID: PMC8296646 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saffron or stigmas of Crocus sativus L. is one of the most valuable food products with interesting health-promoting properties. C. sativus has been widely used as a coloring and flavoring agent. Stigmas secondary metabolites showed potent cytotoxic effects in previous reports. METHODS The present study investigated the chemical composition and the cytotoxic effect of Ukrainian saffron crude extracts and individual compounds against melanoma IGR39, triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and glioblastoma U-87 cell lines in vitro using MTT assay. Several bioactivity in vitro assays were performed. The chemical profile of the water and hydroethanolic (70%, v/v) crude extracts of saffron stigmas was elucidated by HPLC-DAD analysis. RESULTS Seven compounds were identified including crocin, picrocrocin, safranal, rutin, apigenin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid. Crocin, picrocrocin, safranal, rutin, and apigenin were the major active constituents of Ukrainian C. sativus stigmas. The hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 and IGR39 cells and the effect was more potent in comparison with the water extract. However, the water extract was almost 5.6 times more active against the U-87 cell line (EC50 of the water extract against U-87 was 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/mL, and EC50 of the hydroethanolic extract was 0.83 ± 0.03 mg/mL). The pure compounds, apigenin, and caffeic acid also showed high cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma cell lines. The screening of the biological activities of stigmas water extract (up to 100 μg/mL) including anti-allergic, anti-virus, anti-neuraminidase, and anti-inflammatory effects revealed its inhibitory activity against neuraminidase enzyme by 41%. CONCLUSIONS The presented results revealed the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition and biological activity of Crocus sativus stigmas from Ukraine as a source of natural anticancer and neuraminidase inhibitory agents. The results of the extracts' bioactivity suggested future potential applications of saffron as a natural remedy against several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Mykhailenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4-Valentinivska st, Kharkiv, 61168 Ukraine
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Ivan Bezruk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4-Valentinivska st, Kharkiv, 61168 Ukraine
| | - Asta Dabrišiūtė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, 44307 Kaunas, LT Lithuania
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4-Valentinivska st, Kharkiv, 61168 Ukraine
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301 Taiwan
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19
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Cezard A, Monard S, Bréa-Diakite D, Guillon A, Si-Tahar M. [Metabokines reviewed: Essential mediators of anti-infectious immunity]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:342-348. [PMID: 33908851 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immunity have long been classified in distinct research fields; however, the concept of immunometabolism has recently highlighted their close relationship. Immune cells in an infectious context undergo a metabolic reprogramming that leads to the accumulation of metabolites. Some of these metabolites, called metabokines, play a crucial role in anti-infectious immunity by having immunoregulatory and antimicrobial defence properties. On the one hand, metabokines regulate the response of host immune cells by modulating intracellular signalling and/or inducing post-translational modifications of proteins. On the other hand, metabokines can directly or indirectly target pathogens by inhibiting microbial metabolic pathways, restoring the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics, and disrupting viral replication cycles. These discoveries on metabokine properties could pave the way for the development of innovative anti-infectious metabolic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Cezard
- Inserm, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France - Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sarah Monard
- Inserm, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France - Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Déborah Bréa-Diakite
- Inserm, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France - Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- Inserm, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France - Université de Tours, Tours, France - CHRU de Tours, Service de médecine intensive réanimation, Tours, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Inserm, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France - Université de Tours, Tours, France
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20
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Complexity of macrophage metabolism in infection. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:231-239. [PMID: 33610128 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are the prominent innate immune cells to combat infection and then restore tissue homeostasis after clearance of pathogens. Intracellular metabolic reprogramming is required for macrophage activation and function, as such adaptations confer macrophages with sufficient energy and metabolites to support biosynthesis and diverse functions. During the last 10 years, knowledge in this field has been greatly extended by outstanding advances demonstrating that several metabolic intermediates possess the ability to directly control macrophage activation and effector functions by various mechanisms. Of note, citrate and succinate contribute to the inflammatory activation of macrophages while tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived metabolite itaconate has a variety of immunomodulatory effects. Such progress not only encourages a further exploration into the emerging new area immunometabolism, but also provides potential therapeutic targets to control unwanted inflammation due to infection.
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21
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O’Carroll SM, O’Neill LAJ. Targeting immunometabolism to treat COVID-19. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab013. [PMID: 34240083 PMCID: PMC8195165 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has emphasised the need for antiviral therapies to combat current and future viral zoonoses. Recent studies have shown that immune cells such as macrophages are the main contributors to the inflammatory response seen in the later inflammatory phase of COVID-19. Immune cells in the context of a viral infection such as SARS-CoV-2 undergo metabolic reprogramming to elicit these pro-inflammatory effector functions. The evidence of metabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 offers opportunities for metabolites with immunomodulatory properties to be investigated as potential therapies to combat this hyper-inflammatory response. Recent research indicates that the metabolite itaconate, previously known to be broadly antibacterial, may have both antiviral and immunomodulatory potential. Furthermore, low itaconate levels have shown to correlate with COVID-19 disease severity, potentially implicating its importance in the disease. The antiviral potential of itaconate has encouraged researchers to synthesise itaconate derivatives for antiviral screening, with some encouraging results. This review summarises the antiviral and immunomodulatory potential of immunometabolic modulators including metformin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and TEPP-46 as well as itaconate, and its derivatives and their potential use as broad spectrum anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M O’Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Perković I, Beus M, Schols D, Persoons L, Zorc B. Itaconic acid hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Mol Divers 2020; 26:1-14. [PMID: 33043404 PMCID: PMC7548052 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we report the synthesis of novel hybrids 2–14 based on itaconic acid and fluoroaniline, pyridine, indole and quinoline scaffolds. Itaconic acid is a naturally occurring compound with a Michael acceptor moiety, a key structural feature in several anticancer and antiviral drugs, responsible for the covalent binding of a drug to the cysteine residue of a specific protein. Aromatic parts of the hybrids also come from the substances reported as anticancer or antiviral agents. The synthetic route employed to access the amido-ester hybrids 2–13 used monomethyl itaconate or monomethyl itaconyl chloride and corresponding amines as the starting materials. Dimers 14 and 15 with two aminoindole or mefloquine moieties were prepared from itaconic acid and corresponding amino derivative, using standard coupling conditions (HATU/DIEA). All hybrids exerted anticancer effects in vitro against almost all the tumour cell lines that were evaluated (MCF-7, HCT 116, H460, LN-229, Capan-1, DND-41, HL-60, K-562, Z-138). Solid tumour cells were, in general, more responsive than the haematological cancer cells. The MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line appeared the most sensitive. Amido-ester 12 with chloroquine core and mefloquine homodimer 15 showed the highest activity with GI50 values between 0.7 and 8.6 µM. In addition, compound 15 also exerted antiviral activity against Zika virus and Coxsackievirus B4 in low micromolar concentrations. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10147-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perković
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Branka Zorc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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24
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Chen Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Si L, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou D, Xiao S. Synthesis of a Hexavalent Betulinic Acid Derivative as a Hemagglutinin-Targeted Influenza Virus Entry Inhibitor. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2546-2554. [PMID: 32426985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinbiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Longlong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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25
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Shan Q, Li X, Zheng M, Lin X, Lu G, Su D, Lu X. Protective effects of dimethyl itaconate in mice acute cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:538-544. [PMID: 31376936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor drug widely used in hematological tumors and various solid tumors. However, the cardiotoxicity elicited by DOX severely limits its clinical treatment. Dimethyl itaconate (DI), a common form of itaconate, is found many potential targets for prevent heart injury. Here we employed wild type and Nrf2 knockout mice and induced a cardiotoxicity model by administration of DOX to clarify the effects of DI. After treatment with DI, we found that it could effectively alleviate the cardiotoxicity by analyzing morphology, LDH levels and heart weight/body weight ratio changes. Meanwhile we demonstrated that RIP3, a key protein of necrosis, was significantly decreased in DI treated group. Further we observed that treatment with DI could suppress oxidative stress by altering Nrf2/HO-1. Compared with vehicle group, DI could increase the tissue SOD and GSH, and reduce MDA levels, then DHE staining revealed that the level of ROS in DI group reduced by half. Finally, transmission electron microscope (TEM) data showed that treatment with DI obviously decreased the mitochondrial damage. While Nrf2 was ablated in mice, the protective effects of DI were vanished and SOD, GSH, MDA became unchanged related to vehicle group. This report provides the evidence for the protective effects of DI treatment in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. On mechanisms, DI could reduce the oxidative stress by altering Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and prevent mitochondrial from damage. Taken together, these findings of this paper will afford the new therapeutic targets in DOX related cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affilicated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatrics, Affilicated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital & the 4th Medical College of Peking University, Peking University, No. 31 Xinjiekou East Street, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Su
- Center for Clinical Pathology and Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yifu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathoology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affilicated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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The inert meets the living: The expanding view of metabolic alterations during viral pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007830. [PMID: 31344128 PMCID: PMC6657903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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