1
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Shi Y, Derasp JS, Maschmeyer T, Hein JE. Phase transfer catalysts shift the pathway to transmetalation in biphasic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5436. [PMID: 38937470 PMCID: PMC11211432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling is a widely used C-C bond forming reaction. Numerous mechanistic studies have enabled the use of low catalyst loadings and broad functional group tolerance. However, the dominant mode of transmetalation remains controversial and likely depends on the conditions employed. Herein we detail a mechanistic study of the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling under biphasic conditions. The use of phase transfer catalysts results in a remarkable 12-fold rate enhancement in the targeted system. A shift from an oxo-palladium based transmetalation to a boronate-based pathway lies at the root of this activity. Furthermore, a study of the impact of different water loadings reveals reducing the proportion of the aqueous phase increases the reaction rate, contrary to reaction conditions typically employed in the literature. The importance of these findings is highlighted by achieving an exceptionally broad substrate scope with benzylic electrophiles using a 10-fold reduction in catalyst loading relative to literature precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joshua S Derasp
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Tristan Maschmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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3
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Hong X, Geng P, Tian N, Li X, Gao M, Nie L, Sun Z, Liu G. From Bench to Clinic: A Nitroreductase Rv3368c-Responsive Cyanine-Based Probe for the Specific Detection of Live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1576-1586. [PMID: 38190499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), characterized by high mortality and low diagnosis, is caused by a single pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Imaging tools that can be used to track Mtb without pre-labeling and to diagnose live Mtb in clinical samples can shorten the gap between bench and clinic, fuel the development of novel anti-TB drugs, strengthen TB prevention, and improve patient treatment. In this study, we report an unprecedented novel nitroreductase-responsive cyanine-based fluorescent probe (Cy3-NO2-tre) that rapidly and specifically labels Mtb and detects it in clinical samples. Cy3-NO2-tre generated fluorescence after activation by a specific nitroreductase, Rv3368c, which is conserved in the Mycobacteriaceae. Cy3-NO2-tre effectively imaged mycobacteria within infected host cells, tracked the infection process, and visualized Mycobacterium smegmatis being endocytosed by macrophages. Cy3-NO2-tre also detected Mtb in the sputum of patients with TB and exhibited excellent photostability. Furthermore, the Cy3-NO2-tre/auramine O percentage change within 7 ± 2 days post drug treatment in the sputum of inpatients was closely correlated with the reexamination results of the chest computed tomography, strongly demonstrating the clinical application of Cy3-NO2-tre as a prognostic indicator in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TB drugs in the early patient care stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pengfei Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Na Tian
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Lihui Nie
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Luganini A, Sibille G, Pavan M, Mello Grand M, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Chiorino G, Gribaudo G. Mechanisms of antiviral activity of the new hDHODH inhibitor MEDS433 against respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105734. [PMID: 37852322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections, for which no effective drugs are currently available. The development of new effective anti-RSV agents is therefore an urgent priority, and Host-Targeting Antivirals (HTAs) can be considered to target RSV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral avenue, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anti-RSV activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. MEDS433 was found to exert a potent antiviral activity against RSV-A and RSV-B in the one-digit nanomolar range. Analysis of the RSV replication cycle in MEDS433-treated cells, revealed that the hDHODH inhibitor suppressed the synthesis of viral genome, consistently with its ability to specifically target hDHODH enzymatic activity. Then, the capability of MEDS433 to induce the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) was identified as a second mechanism of its antiviral activity against RSV. Indeed, MEDS433 stimulated secretion of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 that, in turn, induced the expression of some ISG antiviral proteins, such as IFI6, IFITM1 and IRF7. Singly expression of these ISG proteins reduced RSV-A replication, thus likely contributing to the overall anti-RSV activity of MEDS433. Lastly, MEDS433 proved to be effective against RSV-A replication even in a primary human small airway epithelial cell model. Taken as a whole, these observations provide new insights for further development of MEDS433, as a promising candidate to develop new strategies for treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.
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5
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Tabana Y, Babu D, Fahlman R, Siraki AG, Barakat K. Target identification of small molecules: an overview of the current applications in drug discovery. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 37817108 PMCID: PMC10566111 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Target identification is an essential part of the drug discovery and development process, and its efficacy plays a crucial role in the success of any given therapy. Although protein target identification research can be challenging, two main approaches can help researchers make significant discoveries: affinity-based pull-down and label-free methods. Affinity-based pull-down methods use small molecules conjugated with tags to selectively isolate target proteins, while label-free methods utilize small molecules in their natural state to identify targets. Target identification strategy selection is essential to the success of any drug discovery process and must be carefully considered when determining how to best pursue a specific project. This paper provides an overview of the current target identification approaches in drug discovery related to experimental biological assays, focusing primarily on affinity-based pull-down and label-free approaches, and discusses their main limitations and advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Richard Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arno G Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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6
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Xing Y, Chen R, Li F, Xu B, Han L, Liu C, Tong Y, Jiu Y, Zhong J, Zhou GC. Discovery of a fused bicyclic derivative of 4-hydroxypyrrolidine and imidazolidinone as a new anti-HCV agent. Virology 2023; 586:91-104. [PMID: 37506590 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes severe liver diseases and remains a major global public health concern. Current direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapies that target viral proteins involving HCV genome replication are effective, however a minority of patients still fail to cure HCV, rendering a window to develop additional antivirals particularly targeting host functions involving in HCV infection. Here, we utilized the HCV infection cell culture system (HCVcc) to screen in-house compounds bearing host-interacting preferred scaffold for the antiviral activity. Compound HXL-10, a novel fused bicyclic derivative of pyrrolidine and imidazolidinone, was identified as a potent anti-HCV agent with a low cytotoxicity and high specificity. Mechanistic studies showed that HXL-10 neither displayed a virucidal effect nor inhibited HCV genomic RNA replication. Instead, HXL-10 might inhibit HCV assembly by targeting host functions. In summary, we developed a novel anti-HCV agent that may potentially offer additive benefits to the current anti-HCV DDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolun Liu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Tong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Del Rosario García-Lozano M, Dragoni F, Gallego P, Mazzotta S, López-Gómez A, Boccuto A, Martínez-Cortés C, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Pérez-Sánchez H, Manuel Vega-Pérez J, Antonio Del Campo J, Vicenti I, Vega-Holm M, Iglesias-Guerra F. Piperazine-derived small molecules as potential Flaviviridae NS3 protease inhibitors. In vitro antiviral activity evaluation against Zika and Dengue viruses. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106408. [PMID: 36801791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since 2011 Direct Acting antivirals (DAAs) drugs targeting different non-structural (NS) viral proteins (NS3, NS5A or NS5B inhibitors) have been approved for clinical use in HCV therapies. However, currently there are not licensed therapeutics to treat Flavivirus infections and the only licensed DENV vaccine, Dengvaxia, is restricted to patients with preexisting DENV immunity. Similarly to NS5 polymerase, the NS3 catalytic region is evolutionarily conserved among the Flaviviridae family sharing strong structural similarity with other proteases belonging to this family and therefore is an attractive target for the development of pan-flavivirus therapeutics. In this work we present a library of 34 piperazine-derived small molecules as potential Flaviviridae NS3 protease inhibitors. The library was developed through a privileged structures-based design and then biologically screened using a live virus phenotypic assay to determine the half-maximal inhibitor concentration (IC50) of each compound against ZIKV and DENV. Two lead compounds, 42 and 44, with promising broad-spectrum activity against ZIKV (IC50 6.6 µM and 1.9 µM respectively) and DENV (IC50 6.7 µM and 1.4 µM respectively) and a good security profile were identified. Besides, molecular docking calculations were performed to provide insights about key interactions with residues in NS3 proteases' active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rosario García-Lozano
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41071 Seville, Spain; SeLiver Group at the Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital CSIC University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Filippo Dragoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University Hospital, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paloma Gallego
- Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro López-Gómez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Adele Boccuto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University Hospital, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; VisMederi Research srl, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlos Martínez-Cortés
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vega-Pérez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Siena University Hospital, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41071 Seville, Spain.
| | - Fernando Iglesias-Guerra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41071 Seville, Spain
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8
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Ramanathan R, Hatzios SK. Activity-based Tools for Interrogating Host Biology During Infection. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200095. [PMID: 37744997 PMCID: PMC10512441 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Host cells sense and respond to pathogens by dynamically regulating cell signaling. The rapid modulation of signaling pathways is achieved by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can alter protein structure, function, and/or binding interactions. By using chemical probes to broadly profile changes in enzyme function or side-chain reactivity, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) can reveal PTMs that regulate host-microbe interactions. While ABPP has been widely utilized to uncover microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis, in this review, we focus on more recent applications of this technique to the discovery of host PTMs and enzymes that modulate signaling within infected cells. Collectively, these advances underscore the importance of ABPP as a tool for interrogating the host response to infection and identifying potential targets for host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Stavroula K. Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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9
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Chistov AA, Chumakov SP, Mikhnovets IE, Nikitin TD, Slesarchuk NA, Uvarova VI, Rubekina AA, Nikolaeva YV, Radchenko EV, Khvatov EV, Orlov AA, Frolenko VS, Sukhorukov MV, Kolpakova ES, Shustova EY, Galochkina AV, Streshnev PP, Osipov EM, Sapozhnikova KA, Moiseenko AV, Brylev VA, Proskurin GV, Dokukin YS, Kutyakov SV, Aralov AV, Korshun VA, Strelkov SV, Palyulin VA, Ishmukhametov AA, Shirshin EA, Osolodkin DI, Shtro AA, Kozlovskaya LI, Alferova VA, Ustinov AV. 5-(Perylen-3-ylethynyl)uracil as an antiviral scaffold: Potent suppression of enveloped virus reproduction by 3-methyl derivatives in vitro. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105508. [PMID: 36581049 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic nucleoside and non-nucleoside derivatives of pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon perylene are known as potent non-cytotoxic broad-spectrum antivirals. Here we report 3-methyl-5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-uracil-1-acetic acid and its amides, a new series of compounds based on a 5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-uracil scaffold. The compounds demonstrate pronounced in vitro activity against arthropod-borne viruses, namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), in plaque reduction assays with EC50 values below 1.9 and 1.3 nM, respectively, and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in cytopathic effect inhibition test with EC50 values below 3.2 μM. The compounds are active against respiratory viruses as well: severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cytopathic effect inhibition test and influenza A virus (IAV) in virus titer reduction experiments are inhibited - EC50 values below 51 nM and 2.2 μM, respectively. The activity stems from the presence of a hydrophobic perylene core, and all of the synthesized compounds exhibit comparable 1O2 generation rates. Nonetheless, activity can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the hydrophilic part of the molecule, suggesting a complex mode of action. A time-of-addition experiment and fluorescent imaging indicate that the compounds inhibit viral fusion in a dose-dependent manner. The localization of the compound in the lipid bilayers and visible damage to the viral envelope suggest the membrane as the primary target. Dramatic reduction of antiviral activity with limited irradiation or under treatment with antioxidants further cements the idea of photoinduced ROS-mediated viral envelope damage being the mode of antiviral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Stepan P Chumakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Igor E Mikhnovets
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Timofei D Nikitin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita A Slesarchuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria I Uvarova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Anna A Rubekina
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nikolaeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Alexey A Orlov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vasilisa S Frolenko
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maksim V Sukhorukov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kolpakova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Elena Y Shustova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | | | - Philipp P Streshnev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Eugene M Osipov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Vladimir A Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Lumiprobe RUS Ltd., Moscow, 121351, Russia
| | - Gleb V Proskurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri S Dokukin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey V Kutyakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey V Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergei V Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna A Shtro
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Vera A Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Lumiprobe RUS Ltd., Moscow, 121351, Russia.
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10
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Diaz O, Vidalain PO, Ramière C, Lotteau V, Perrin-Cocon L. What role for cellular metabolism in the control of hepatitis viruses? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033314. [PMID: 36466918 PMCID: PMC9713817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV, HDV, respectively) specifically infect human hepatocytes and often establish chronic viral infections of the liver, thus escaping antiviral immunity for years. Like other viruses, hepatitis viruses rely on the cellular machinery to meet their energy and metabolite requirements for replication. Although this was initially considered passive parasitism, studies have shown that hepatitis viruses actively rewire cellular metabolism through molecular interactions with specific enzymes such as glucokinase, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. As part of research efforts in the field of immunometabolism, it has also been shown that metabolic changes induced by viruses could have a direct impact on the innate antiviral response. Conversely, detection of viral components by innate immunity receptors not only triggers the activation of the antiviral defense but also induces in-depth metabolic reprogramming that is essential to support immunological functions. Altogether, these complex triangular interactions between viral components, innate immunity and hepatocyte metabolism may explain why chronic hepatitis infections progressively lead to liver inflammation and progression to cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this manuscript, we first present a global overview of known connections between the innate antiviral response and cellular metabolism. We then report known molecular mechanisms by which hepatitis viruses interfere with cellular metabolism in hepatocytes and discuss potential consequences on the innate immune response. Finally, we present evidence that drugs targeting hepatocyte metabolism could be used as an innovative strategy not only to deprive viruses of key metabolites, but also to restore the innate antiviral response that is necessary to clear infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Diaz
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Ramière
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Perrin-Cocon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
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11
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Sepúlveda CS, García CC, Damonte EB. Inhibitors of Nucleotide Biosynthesis as Candidates for a Wide Spectrum of Antiviral Chemotherapy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1631. [PMID: 36014049 PMCID: PMC9413629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses have been a challenge in public health in recent decades. Host-targeted antivirals (HTA) directed at cellular molecules or pathways involved in virus multiplication represent an interesting strategy to combat viruses presently lacking effective chemotherapy. HTA could provide a wide range of agents with inhibitory activity against current and future viruses that share similar host requirements and reduce the possible selection of antiviral-resistant variants. Nucleotide metabolism is one of the more exploited host metabolic pathways as a potential antiviral target for several human viruses. This review focuses on the antiviral properties of the inhibitors of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide biosynthesis, with an emphasis on the rate-limiting enzymes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for which there are old and new drugs active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Soledad Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Virology, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Institute of Biochemistry of the School of Sciences (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Cybele Carina García
- Laboratory of Virology, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Institute of Biochemistry of the School of Sciences (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Elsa Beatriz Damonte
- Laboratory of Virology, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Institute of Biochemistry of the School of Sciences (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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12
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Computer-Aided Design and Synthesis of (Functionalized quinazoline)–(α-substituted coumarin)–arylsulfonate Conjugates against Chikungunya Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147646. [PMID: 35886992 PMCID: PMC9322071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has repeatedly spread via the bite of an infected mosquito and affected more than 100 countries. The disease poses threats to public health and the economy in the infected locations. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying compounds that could inhibit CHIKV. Unfortunately, successful clinical candidates have not been found yet. Computations through the simulating recognition process were performed on complexation of the nsP3 protein of CHIKV with the structures of triply conjugated drug lead candidates. The outcomes provided the aid on rational design of functionalized quinazoline-(α-substituted coumarin)-arylsulfonate compounds to inhibit CHIKV in Vero cells. The molecular docking studies showed a void space around the β carbon atom of coumarin when a substituent was attached at the α position. The formed vacancy offered a good chance for a Michael addition to take place owing to steric and electronic effects. The best conjugate containing a quinazolinone moiety exhibited potency with EC50 = 6.46 μM, low toxicity with CC50 = 59.7 μM, and the selective index (SI) = 9.24. Furthermore, the corresponding 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative improved the anti-CHIKV potency to EC50 = 3.84 μM, CC50 = 72.3 μM, and SI = 18.8. The conjugate with 4-anilinoquinazoline exhibited stronger binding affinity towards the macro domain than that with quinazolinone via hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions.
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13
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Zheng Y, Li S, Song K, Ye J, Li W, Zhong Y, Feng Z, Liang S, Cai Z, Xu K. A Broad Antiviral Strategy: Inhibitors of Human DHODH Pave the Way for Host-Targeting Antivirals against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050928. [PMID: 35632670 PMCID: PMC9146014 DOI: 10.3390/v14050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies to rapidly develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapies are urgently required for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) that target the universal host factors necessary for viral replication are the most promising approach, with broad-spectrum, foresighted function, and low resistance. We and others recently identified that host dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is one of the universal host factors essential for the replication of many acute-infectious viruses. DHODH is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, it has also been developed as a therapeutic target for many diseases relying on cellular pyrimidine resources, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, and viral or bacterial infections. Significantly, the successful use of DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection further supports the application prospects. This review focuses on the advantages of HTAs and the antiviral effects of DHODHi with clinical applications. The multiple functions of DHODHi in inhibiting viral replication, stimulating ISGs expression, and suppressing cytokine storms make DHODHi a potent strategy against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shiliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Kun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jiajie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Wenkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yifan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ziyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Simeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory at Center for Animal Experiments, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory at Center for Animal Experiments, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-68756997; Fax: +86-27-68754592
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14
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Recent advancement in small molecules as HCV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116699. [PMID: 35278819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has caused a considerable threat to human health. To date, no treatments are without side effects. The proteins and RNA associated with HCV have specific functions during the viral life cycle. The vulnerabilities to virus are associated with those proteins or RNA. Thus, targeting these proteins and RNA is an efficient strategy to develop anti-HCV therapeutics. The treatment for HCV-infected patients has been greatly improved after the approval of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, the cost of DAAs is unusually high, which adds to the economic burden on patients with chronic liver diseases. So far, many efforts have been devoted to the development of small molecules as novel HCV inhibitors. Investigations on the inhibitory activities of these small molecules have involved the target identification and the mechanism of action. In this mini-review, these small molecules divided into four kinds were elaborated, which focused on their targets and structural features. Furthermore, we raised the current challenges and promising prospects. This mini-review may facilitate the development of small molecules with improved activities targeting HCV based on the chemical scaffolds of HCV inhibitors.
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15
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Unmodified methodologies in target discovery for small molecule drugs: A rising star. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Wang J, Hu Y, Zheng M. Enterovirus A71 antivirals: Past, present, and future. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1542-1566. [PMID: 35847514 PMCID: PMC9279511 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant human pathogen, especially in children. EV-A71 infection is one of the leading causes of hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD), and can lead to neurological complications such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in severe cases. Although three EV-A71 vaccines are available in China, they are not broadly protective and have reduced efficacy against emerging strains. There is currently no approved antiviral for EV-A71. Significant progress has been made in developing antivirals against EV-A71 by targeting both viral proteins and host factors. However, viral capsid inhibitors and protease inhibitors failed in clinical trials of human rhinovirus infection due to limited efficacy or side effects. This review discusses major discoveries in EV-A71 antiviral development, analyzes the advantages and limitations of each drug target, and highlights the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to advance the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Madeleine Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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17
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Upregulation of wild-type p53 by small molecule-induced elevation of NQO1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:692-702. [PMID: 34035487 PMCID: PMC8888561 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is usually inactivated by somatic mutations in malignant neoplasms, and its reactivation represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancers. Here, we reported that a new quinolone compound RYL-687 significantly inhibited non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells which express wild type (wt) p53, in contract to its much weaker cytotoxicity on cells with mutant p53. RYL-687 upregulated p53 in cells with wt but not mutant p53, and ectopic expression of wt p53 significantly enhanced the anti-NSCLC activity of this compound. RYL-687 induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of Nrf2, leading to an elevation of the NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) that can protect p53 by inhibiting its degradation by 20S proteasome. RYL-687 bound NQO1, facilitating the physical interaction between NQO1 and p53. NQO1 was required for RYL-687-induced p53 accumulation, because silencing of NQO1 by specific siRNA or an NQO1 inhibitor uridine, drastically suppressed RYL-687-induced p53 upregulation. Moreover, a RYL-687-related prodrug significantly inhibited tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice inoculated with NSCLC cells and in a wt p53-NSCLC patient-derived xenograft mouse model. These data indicate that targeting NQO1 is a rational strategy to reactivate p53, and RYL-687 as a p53 stabilizer bears therapeutic potentials in NSCLCs with wt p53.
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18
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New Insights into the Interaction of Class II Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenases with Ubiquinone in Lipid Bilayers as a Function of Lipid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052437. [PMID: 35269583 PMCID: PMC8910288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth enzymatic reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, is catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Enzymes belonging to the DHODH Class II are membrane-bound proteins that use ubiquinones as their electron acceptors. We have designed this study to understand the interaction of an N-terminally truncated human DHODH (HsΔ29DHODH) and the DHODH from Escherichia coli (EcDHODH) with ubiquinone (Q10) in supported lipid membranes using neutron reflectometry (NR). NR has allowed us to determine in situ, under solution conditions, how the enzymes bind to lipid membranes and to unambiguously resolve the location of Q10. Q10 is exclusively located at the center of all of the lipid bilayers investigated, and upon binding, both of the DHODHs penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the outer lipid leaflet towards the Q10. We therefore show that the interaction between the soluble enzymes and the membrane-embedded Q10 is mediated by enzyme penetration. We can also show that EcDHODH binds more efficiently to the surface of simple bilayers consisting of 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, and tetraoleoyl cardiolipin than HsΔ29DHODH, but does not penetrate into the lipids to the same degree. Our results also highlight the importance of Q10, as well as lipid composition, on enzyme binding.
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19
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Optimization of 4-Anilinoquinolines as Dengue Virus Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237338. [PMID: 34885921 PMCID: PMC8659069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viral infections, including those caused by dengue virus (DENV) and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV), pose a significant global health challenge. Here, we report the preparation and screening of a series of 4-anilinoquinoline libraries targeting DENV and VEEV. This effort generated a series of lead compounds, each occupying a distinct chemical space, including 3-((6-bromoquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenol (12), 6-bromo-N-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-6-yl)quinolin-4-amine (50) and 6-((6-bromoquinolin-4-yl)amino)isoindolin-1-one (52), with EC50 values of 0.63–0.69 µM for DENV infection. These compound libraries demonstrated very limited toxicity with CC50 values greater than 10 µM in almost all cases. Additionally, the lead compounds were screened for activity against VEEV and demonstrated activity in the low single-digit micromolar range, with 50 and 52 demonstrating EC50s of 2.3 µM and 3.6 µM, respectively. The promising results presented here highlight the potential to further refine this series in order to develop a clinical compound against DENV, VEEV, and potentially other emerging viral threats.
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20
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Skoreński M, Sieńczyk M. The Fellowship of Privileged Scaffolds-One Structure to Inhibit Them All. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111164. [PMID: 34832946 PMCID: PMC8622370 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, the application of privileged structure has emerged as a powerful approach to the discovery of new biologically active molecules. Privileged structures are molecular scaffolds with binding properties to the range of different biological targets. Moreover, privileged structures typically exhibit good drug-like properties, thus assuring more drug-like properties of modified compound. Our main objective is to discuss the privileged structures used for the development of antiviral agents.
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21
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Identification and evaluation of 4-anilinoquin(az)olines as potent inhibitors of both dengue virus (DENV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128407. [PMID: 34624490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel strategies for the treatment of emerging arthropod-borne viral infections, including those caused by dengue virus (DENV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). We prepared and screened focused libraries of 4-anilinoquinolines and 4-anilinoquinazolines for antiviral activity and identified three potent compounds. N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine (10) inhibited DENV infection with an EC50 = 0.25 µM, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine (27) inhibited VEEV with an EC50 = 0.50 µM, while N-(3-ethynyl-4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine (54) inhibited VEEV with an EC50 = 0.60 µM. These series of compounds demonstrated nearly no toxicity with CC50 values greater than 10 µM in all cases. These promising results provide a future prospective to develop a clinical compound against these emerging viral threats.
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22
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Yang Y, Tang T, Li X, Michel T, Ling L, Huang Z, Mulaka M, Wu Y, Gao H, Wang L, Zhou J, Meunier B, Ke H, Jiang L, Rao Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of multiple targeting antimalarials. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2900-2913. [PMID: 34589403 PMCID: PMC8463279 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria still threatens global health seriously today. While the current discoveries of antimalarials are almost totally focused on single mode-of-action inhibitors, multi-targeting inhibitors are highly desired to overcome the increasingly serious drug resistance. Here, we performed a structure-based drug design on mitochondrial respiratory chain of Plasmodium falciparum and identified an extremely potent molecule, RYL-581, which binds to multiple protein binding sites of P. falciparum simultaneously (allosteric site of type II NADH dehydrogenase, Qo and Qi sites of cytochrome bc1). Antimalarials with such multiple targeting mechanism of action have never been reported before. RYL-581 kills various drug-resistant strains in vitro and shows good solubility as well as in vivo activity. This structure-based strategy for designing RYL-581 from starting compound may be helpful for other medicinal chemistry projects in the future, especially for drug discovery on membrane-associated targets.
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23
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The Prospect of Lactoferrin Use as Adjunctive Agent in Management of SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080842. [PMID: 34441048 PMCID: PMC8401801 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Preventive, adjunctive and curative properties of lactoferrin have been evaluated since the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a viral respiratory disease, emerged 18 years ago. Despite the discovery of new vaccine candidates, there is currently no widely approved treatment for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Strict adherence to infection prevention and control procedures, as well as vaccines, can, however, prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lactoferrin treatment in improving clinical symptoms and laboratory indices among individuals with mild to moderate coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Materials and Method: A randomized, prospective, interventional pilot study conducted between 8 July and 18 September 2020 used a hospital-based sample of 54 laboratory-confirmed participants with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Randomization into a control and two treatment groups ensured all groups received the approved Egyptian COVID-19 management protocol; only treatment group participants received lactoferrin at different doses for seven days. Clinical symptoms and laboratory indices were assessed on Days 0, 2 and 7 after starting treatments. Mean values with standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance with least significant difference of demographic and laboratory data between control and treatment groups were calculated. Results: Our study showed no statistically significant difference among studied groups regarding recovery of symptoms or laboratory improvement. Conclusions: Further research into therapeutic properties particularly related to dosage, duration and follow-up after treatment with lactoferrin in individuals with COVID-19 is required.
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Calistri A, Luganini A, Mognetti B, Elder E, Sibille G, Conciatori V, Del Vecchio C, Sainas S, Boschi D, Montserrat N, Mirazimi A, Lolli ML, Gribaudo G, Parolin C. The New Generation hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Hinders the In Vitro Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081731. [PMID: 34442810 PMCID: PMC8398173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although coronaviruses (CoVs) have long been predicted to cause zoonotic diseases and pandemics with high probability, the lack of effective anti-pan-CoVs drugs rapidly usable against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 actually prevented a promptly therapeutic intervention for COVID-19. Development of host-targeting antivirals could be an alternative strategy for the control of emerging CoVs infections, as they could be quickly repositioned from one pandemic event to another. To contribute to these pandemic preparedness efforts, here we report on the broad-spectrum CoVs antiviral activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. MEDS433 inhibited the in vitro replication of hCoV-OC43 and hCoV-229E, as well as of SARS-CoV-2, at low nanomolar range. Notably, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of MEDS433 against SARS-CoV-2 was also observed in kidney organoids generated from human embryonic stem cells. Then, the antiviral activity of MEDS433 was reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine or the product of hDHODH, the orotate, thus confirming hDHODH as the specific target of MEDS433 in hCoVs-infected cells. Taken together, these findings suggest MEDS433 as a potential candidate to develop novel drugs for COVID-19, as well as broad-spectrum antiviral agents exploitable for future CoVs threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Barbara Mognetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Elder
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden; (E.E.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Valeria Conciatori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Del Vecchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden; (E.E.); (A.M.)
- Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6704648
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
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Gong M, Yang Y, Huang Y, Gan T, Wu Y, Gao H, Li Q, Nie J, Huang W, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhong J, Deng F, Rao Y, Ding Q. Novel quinolone derivatives targeting human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase suppress Ebola virus infection in vitro. Antiviral Res 2021; 194:105161. [PMID: 34391783 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) has emerged as a significant public health concern since the 2013-2016 outbreak in West Africa. Currently, no effective antiviral treatments have been approved for clinical use. Compound 1 RYL-634 is a quinolone-derived compound that can inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway and it exhibited antiviral activity against multiple RNA virus infection. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a panel of newly developed compounds based on RYL-634 against EBOV infection. Our data showed that RYL-634 as well as its derivatives are effective against EBOV transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) infection and authentic EBOV infection in vitro at low nanomolar IC50 values and relatively high CC50. Of note, the new derivative RYL-687 had the lowest IC50 at approximately 7 nM and was almost 6 times more potent than remdesivir (GS-5734). Exogenous addition of different metabolites in the pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway confirmed DHODH as the target of RYL-687. These data provide evidence that such quinolone-derived compounds are promising therapeutic candidates against EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Gong
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Tianyu Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongying Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of BasicMedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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26
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Battisti V, Urban E, Langer T. Antivirals against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 34372513 PMCID: PMC8310245 DOI: 10.3390/v13071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has re-emerged in recent decades, causing large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterised by severe joint pain and myalgia. As many patients develop a painful chronic stage and neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available, the development of a potent CHIKV inhibiting drug is crucial for CHIKF treatment. A comprehensive summary of current antiviral research and development of small-molecule inhibitor against CHIKV is presented in this review. We highlight different approaches used for the identification of such compounds and further discuss the identification and application of promising viral and host targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (E.U.)
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27
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Shamim K, Xu M, Hu X, Lee EM, Lu X, Huang R, Shah P, Xu X, Chen CZ, Shen M, Guo H, Chen L, Itkin Z, Eastman RT, Shinn P, Klumpp-Thomas C, Michael S, Simeonov A, Lo DC, Ming GL, Song H, Tang H, Zheng W, Huang W. Application of niclosamide and analogs as small molecule inhibitors of Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127906. [PMID: 33689873 PMCID: PMC7936759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus has emerged as a potential threat to human health globally. A previous drug repurposing screen identified the approved anthelminthic drug niclosamide as a small molecule inhibitor of Zika virus infection. However, as antihelminthic drugs are generally designed to have low absorption when dosed orally, the very limited bioavailability of niclosamide will likely hinder its potential direct repurposing as an antiviral medication. Here, we conducted SAR studies focusing on the anilide and salicylic acid regions of niclosamide to improve physicochemical properties such as microsomal metabolic stability, permeability and solubility. We found that the 5-bromo substitution in the salicylic acid region retains potency while providing better drug-like properties. Other modifications in the anilide region with 2'-OMe and 2'-H substitutions were also advantageous. We found that the 4'-NO2 substituent can be replaced with a 4'-CN or 4'-CF3 substituents. Together, these modifications provide a basis for optimizing the structure of niclosamide to improve systemic exposure for application of niclosamide analogs as drug lead candidates for treating Zika and other viral infections. Indeed, key analogs were also able to rescue cells from the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating relevance for therapeutic strategies targeting the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Shamim
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xiao Lu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Zina Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Richard T Eastman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
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28
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Ahmed SK, Haese NN, Cowan JT, Pathak V, Moukha-Chafiq O, Smith VJ, Rodzinak KJ, Ahmad F, Zhang S, Bonin KM, Streblow AD, Streblow CE, Kreklywich CN, Morrison C, Sarkar S, Moorman N, Sander W, Allen R, DeFilippis V, Tekwani BL, Wu M, Hirsch AJ, Smith JL, Tower NA, Rasmussen L, Bostwick R, Maddry JA, Ananthan S, Gerdes JM, Augelli-Szafran CE, Suto MJ, Morrison TE, Heise MT, Streblow DN, Pathak AK. Targeting Chikungunya Virus Replication by Benzoannulene Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4762-4786. [PMID: 33835811 PMCID: PMC9774970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A benzo[6]annulene, 4-(tert-butyl)-N-(3-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl) benzamide (1a), was identified as an inhibitor against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) with antiviral activity EC90 = 1.45 μM and viral titer reduction (VTR) of 2.5 log at 10 μM with no observed cytotoxicity (CC50 = 169 μM) in normal human dermal fibroblast cells. Chemistry efforts to improve potency, efficacy, and drug-like properties of 1a resulted in a novel lead compound 8q, which possessed excellent cellular antiviral activity (EC90 = 270 nM and VTR of 4.5 log at 10 μM) and improved liver microsomal stability. CHIKV resistance to an analog of 1a, compound 1c, tracked to a mutation in the nsP3 macrodomain. Further mechanism of action studies showed compounds working through inhibition of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in addition to CHIKV nsP3 macrodomain. Moderate efficacy was observed in an in vivo CHIKV challenge mouse model for compound 8q as viral replication was rescued from the pyrimidine salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaden T. Cowan
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Vibha Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Omar Moukha-Chafiq
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Valerie J. Smith
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Kevin J. Rodzinak
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Kiley M. Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Aaron D. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Clayton Morrison
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nathaniel Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wes Sander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robbie Allen
- Oregon Translational Research and Development Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Mousheng Wu
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Alec J. Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Jessica L. Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Nichole A. Tower
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Lynn Rasmussen
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Robert Bostwick
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Joseph A. Maddry
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - John M Gerdes
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Suto
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Ashish K. Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern, Research, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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29
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Ma Y, Frutos-Beltrán E, Kang D, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Menéndez-Arias L, Liu X, Zhan P. Medicinal chemistry strategies for discovering antivirals effective against drug-resistant viruses. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4514-4540. [PMID: 33595031 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last forty years we have witnessed impressive advances in the field of antiviral drug discovery culminating with the introduction of therapies able to stop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, or cure hepatitis C virus infections in people suffering from liver disease. However, there are important viral diseases without effective treatments, and the emergence of drug resistance threatens the efficacy of successful therapies used today. In this review, we discuss strategies to discover antiviral compounds specifically designed to combat drug resistance. Currently, efforts in this field are focused on targeted proteins (e.g. multi-target drug design strategies), but also on drug conformation (either improving drug positioning in the binding pocket or introducing conformational constraints), in the introduction or exploitation of new binding sites, or in strengthening interaction forces through the introduction of multiple hydrogen bonds, covalent binding, halogen bonds, additional van der Waals forces or multivalent binding. Among the new developments, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a valid approach taking advantage of intracellular mechanisms involving protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Finally, several molecules targeting host factors (e.g. human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and DEAD-box polypeptide 3) have been identified as broad-spectrum antiviral compounds. Implementation of herein described medicinal chemistry strategies are expected to contribute to the discovery of new drugs effective against current and future threats due to emerging and re-emerging viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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30
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Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Ha J, Park H, Park J, Park SB. Recent advances in identifying protein targets in drug discovery. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 28:394-423. [PMID: 33357463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenotype-based screening has emerged as an alternative route for discovering new chemical entities toward first-in-class therapeutics. However, clarifying their mode of action has been a significant bottleneck for drug discovery. For target protein identification, conventionally bioactive small molecules are conjugated onto solid supports and then applied to isolate target proteins from whole proteome. This approach requires a high binding affinity between bioactive small molecules and their target proteins. Besides, the binding affinity can be significantly hampered after structural modifications of bioactive molecules with linkers. To overcome these limitations, two major strategies have recently been pursued: (1) the covalent conjugation between small molecules and target proteins using photoactivatable moieties or electrophiles, and (2) label-free target identification through monitoring target engagement by tracking the thermal, proteolytic, or chemical stability of target proteins. This review focuses on recent advancements in target identification from covalent capturing to label-free strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hankum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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32
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Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Chikungunya Virus: Mechanisms of Action and Antiviral Drug Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01788-20. [PMID: 32928738 PMCID: PMC7674028 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01788-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has spread to more than 60 countries worldwide. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile illness known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterized by long-lasting and debilitating joint and muscle pain. CHIKV can cause large-scale epidemics with high attack rates, which substantiates the need for development of effective therapeutics suitable for outbreak containment. In this review, we highlight the different strategies used for developing CHIKV small-molecule inhibitors, ranging from high-throughput cell-based screening to in silico screens and enzymatic assays with purified viral proteins. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has spread to more than 60 countries worldwide. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile illness known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterized by long-lasting and debilitating joint and muscle pain. CHIKV can cause large-scale epidemics with high attack rates, which substantiates the need for development of effective therapeutics suitable for outbreak containment. In this review, we highlight the different strategies used for developing CHIKV small-molecule inhibitors, ranging from high-throughput cell-based screening to in silico screens and enzymatic assays with purified viral proteins. We further discuss the current status of the most promising molecules, including in vitro and in vivo findings. In particular, we focus on describing host and/or viral targets, mode of action, and mechanisms of antiviral drug resistance and associated mutations. Knowledge of the key molecular determinants of drug resistance will aid selection of the most promising antiviral agent(s) for clinical use. For these reasons, we also summarize the available information about drug-resistant phenotypes in Aedes mosquito vectors. From this review, it is evident that more of the active molecules need to be evaluated in preclinical and clinical models to address the current lack of antiviral treatment for CHIKF.
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33
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Felicetti T, Manfroni G, Cecchetti V, Cannalire R. Broad-Spectrum Flavivirus Inhibitors: a Medicinal Chemistry Point of View. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2391-2419. [PMID: 32961008 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections by flaviviruses, such as Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses, represent a growing risk for global health. There are vaccines only for few flaviviruses while no effective treatments are available. Flaviviruses share epidemiological, structural, and ecologic features and often different viruses can co-infect the same host. Therefore, the identification of broad-spectrum inhibitors is highly desirable either for known flaviviruses or for viruses that likely will emerge in the future. Strategies targeting both virus and host factors have been pursued to identify broad-spectrum antiflaviviral agents. In this review, we describe the most promising and best characterized targets and their relative broad-spectrum inhibitors, identified by drug repurposing/libraries screenings and by focused medicinal chemistry campaigns. Finally, we discuss about future strategies to identify new broad-spectrum antiflavivirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Xiong R, Zhang L, Li S, Sun Y, Ding M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Shang W, Jiang X, Shan J, Shen Z, Tong Y, Xu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Lavillete D, Zhao Z, Wang R, Zhu L, Xiao G, Lan K, Li H, Xu K. Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Protein Cell 2020; 11:723-739. [PMID: 32754890 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.11.983056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC50 of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minyi Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weijuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiwei Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liuxin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dimitri Lavillete
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Wilkinson IVL, Terstappen GC, Russell AJ. Combining experimental strategies for successful target deconvolution. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30373-1. [PMID: 32971235 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Investment in phenotypic drug discovery has led to increased demand for rapid and robust target deconvolution to aid successful drug development. Although methods for target identification and mechanism of action (MoA) discovery are flourishing, they typically lead to lists of putative targets. Validating which target(s) are involved in the therapeutic mechanism of a compound poses a significant challenge, requiring direct binding, target engagement, and functional studies in relevant physiological contexts. A combination of orthogonal approaches can allow target identification beyond the proteome as well as aid prioritisation for resource-intensive target validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel V L Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Georg C Terstappen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PQ, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PQ, UK.
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36
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Chen T, Xiong H, Yang JF, Zhu XL, Qu RY, Yang GF. Diaryl Ether: A Privileged Scaffold for Drug and Agrochemical Discovery. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9839-9877. [PMID: 32786826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diaryl ether (DE) is a functional scaffold existing widely both in natural products (NPs) and synthetic organic compounds. Statistically, DE is the second most popular and enduring scaffold within the numerous medicinal chemistry and agrochemical reports. Given its unique physicochemical properties and potential biological activities, DE nucleus is recognized as a fundamental element of medicinal and agrochemical agents aimed at different biological targets. Its drug-like derivatives have been extensively synthesized with interesting biological features including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, herbicidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, and so on. In this review, we highlight the medicinal and agrochemical versatility of the DE motif according to the published information in the past decade and comprehensively give a summary of the target recognition, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and mechanism of action of its analogues. It is expected that this profile may provide valuable guidance for the discovery of new active ingredients both in drug and pesticide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Hwu JR, Panja A, Jayakumar S, Tsay SC, Tan KT, Huang WC, Hu YC, Leyssen P, Neyts J. Enterovirus Inhibition by Hinged Aromatic Compounds with Polynuclei. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173821. [PMID: 32842645 PMCID: PMC7503712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern world has no available drugs for the treatment of enteroviruses (EV), which affect millions of people worldwide each year. The EV71 is a major causative disease for hand, foot, and mouth disease; sometimes it is associated with severe central nervous system diseases. Treatment for enteroviral infection is mainly supportive; treatment for aseptic meningitis caused by enteroviruses is also generally symptomatic. Upon the urgent request of new anti-enterovirus drugs, a series of hinged aromatic compounds with polynulei were synthesized through two different chemical pathways. Among these morpholine–furan/thiophene/pyrrole–benzene–pyrazole conjugates, three new agents exhibited inhibitory activity with EC50 = 2.29–6.16 μM toward EV71 strain BrCr in RD cells. Their selectivity index values were reached as high as 33.4. Their structure–activity relationship was deduced that a thiophene derivative with morpholine and trifluorobenzene rings showed the greatest antiviral activity, with EC50 = 2.29 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.P.); (S.J.); (S.-C.T.); (K.-T.T.); (W.-C.H.)
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.R.H.); (J.N.)
| | - Avijit Panja
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.P.); (S.J.); (S.-C.T.); (K.-T.T.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Srinivasan Jayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.P.); (S.J.); (S.-C.T.); (K.-T.T.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.P.); (S.J.); (S.-C.T.); (K.-T.T.); (W.-C.H.)
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.P.); (S.J.); (S.-C.T.); (K.-T.T.); (W.-C.H.)
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chieh Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.P.); (S.J.); (S.-C.T.); (K.-T.T.); (W.-C.H.)
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium;
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (J.R.H.); (J.N.)
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38
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Xiong R, Zhang L, Li S, Sun Y, Ding M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Shang W, Jiang X, Shan J, Shen Z, Tong Y, Xu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Lavillete D, Zhao Z, Wang R, Zhu L, Xiao G, Lan K, Li H, Xu K. Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Protein Cell 2020; 11:723-739. [PMID: 32754890 PMCID: PMC7402641 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC50 of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minyi Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weijuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiwei Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liuxin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dimitri Lavillete
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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39
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Synthesis of some steroidal mitocans of nanomolar cytotoxicity acting by apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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40
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Kaunda JS, Qin XJ, Yang XZ, Mwitari PG, Zhu HT, Wang D, Zhang YJ. Ten new glycosides, carissaedulosides A-J from the root barks of Carissa edulis and their cytotoxicities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104097. [PMID: 32717694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ten previously undescribed glycosides, carissaedulosides A-J (1-10) referring to six apiosylated phenylpropanoids (1-6), one coumarin-secoiridoid hybrid (7), and three furofuran lignans (8-10) were isolated from the root barks of Carissa edulis, together with 13 known analogues (11-23). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, ECD computational methods, and chemical derivations for configurations of sugar moieties. The new lignan bisdesmoside, 10, exhibited significant cytotoxicity against A549 (IC50 = 3.87 ± 0.03 μM) and MCF-7 (IC50 = 9.231 ± 0.290 μM) cell lines, while the known lignan monodesmoside, 12, showed impressive cytotoxic efficacy (IC50 = 5.68 ± 0.180 μM) against only MCF-7 cell line. It is noted that a known cardenolide, 11, displayed strong cytotoxic potency against HL-60, A549, MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.023 to 0.137 μM. Moreover, compound 11 induced dose-dependent apoptosis on SW480 cell, but not explicit dose-dependent apoptosis on HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sakah Kaunda
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Githaiga Mwitari
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi 54840-00200, Kenya
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Du J, Guo J, Kang D, Li Z, Wang G, Wu J, Zhang Z, Fang H, Hou X, Huang Z, Li G, Lu X, Liu X, Ouyang L, Rao L, Zhan P, Zhang X, Zhang Y. New techniques and strategies in drug discovery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Saul S, Pu SY, Zuercher WJ, Einav S, Asquith CRM. Potent antiviral activity of novel multi-substituted 4-anilinoquin(az)olines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127284. [PMID: 32631507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Screening a series of 4-anilinoquinolines and 4-anilinoquinazolines enabled identification of potent novel inhibitors of dengue virus (DENV). Preparation of focused 4-anilinoquinoline/quinazoline scaffold arrays led to the identification of a series of high potency 6-substituted bromine and iodine derivatives. The most potent compound 6-iodo-4-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino)quinoline-3-carbonitrile (47) inhibited DENV infection with an EC50 = 79 nM. Crucially, these compounds showed very limited toxicity with CC50 values >10 µM in almost all cases. This new promising series provides an anchor point for further development to optimize compound properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirle Saul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Szu-Yuan Pu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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43
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Sun X, Gao H, Yang Y, He M, Wu Y, Song Y, Tong Y, Rao Y. PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:64. [PMID: 31885879 PMCID: PMC6927964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many kinds of therapies are applied in the clinic, drug-resistance is a major and unavoidable problem. Another disturbing statistic is the limited number of drug targets, which are presently only 20-25% of all protein targets that are currently being studied. Moreover, the focus of current explorations of targets are their enzymatic functions, which ignores the functions from their scaffold moiety. As a promising and appealing technology, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have attracted great attention both from academia and industry for finding available approaches to solve the above problems. PROTACs regulate protein function by degrading target proteins instead of inhibiting them, providing more sensitivity to drug-resistant targets and a greater chance to affect the nonenzymatic functions. PROTACs have been proven to show better selectivity compared to classic inhibitors. PROTACs can be described as a chemical knockdown approach with rapidity and reversibility, which presents new and different biology compared to other gene editing tools by avoiding misinterpretations that arise from potential genetic compensation and/or spontaneous mutations. PRTOACs have been widely explored throughout the world and have outperformed not only in cancer diseases, but also in immune disorders, viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases. Although PROTACs present a very promising and powerful approach for crossing the hurdles of present drug discovery and tool development in biology, more efforts are needed to gain to get deeper insight into the efficacy and safety of PROTACs in the clinic. More target binders and more E3 ligases applicable for developing PROTACs are waiting for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hongying Gao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ming He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yugang Song
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yan Tong
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
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Bernatchez JA, Tran LT, Li J, Luan Y, Siqueira-Neto JL, Li R. Drugs for the Treatment of Zika Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2019; 63:470-489. [PMID: 31549836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging flavivirus that causes the neurodevelopmental congenital Zika syndrome and that has been linked to the neuroinflammatory Guillain-Barré syndrome. The absence of a vaccine or a clinically approved drug to treat the disease combined with the likelihood that another outbreak will occur in the future defines an unmet medical need. Several promising drug candidate molecules have been reported via repurposing studies, high-throughput compound library screening, and de novo design in the short span of a few years. Intense research activity in this area has occurred in response to the World Health Organization declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016. In this Perspective, the authors review the emergence of Zika virus, the biology of its replication, targets for therapeutic intervention, target product profile, and current drug development initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lana T Tran
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | | | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | | | - Rongshi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, and Center for Staphylococcal Research , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198 , United States
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45
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Antiviral Effect of Lithium Chloride and Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on Porcine Deltacoronavirus In Vitro. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030144. [PMID: 31505777 PMCID: PMC6789623 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging global swine virus that has a propensity for interspecies transmission. It was identified in Hong Kong in 2012. Given that neither specific antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available for newly emerging porcine deltacoronavirus, searching for effective antiviral drugs is a high priority. In this study, lithium chloride (LiCl) and diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), which are host-acting antivirals (HAAs), were tested against PDCoV. We found that LiCl and DG inhibited PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The antiviral effects of LiCl and DG occurred at the early stage of PDCoV replication, and DG also inhibited virus attachment to the cells. Moreover, both drugs inhibited PDCoV-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells. This study suggests LiCl and DG as new drugs for the treatment of PDCoV infection.
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Lim ZQ, Ng QY, Ng JWQ, Mahendran V, Alonso S. Recent progress and challenges in drug development to fight hand, foot and mouth disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:359-371. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1659241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin Lim
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Yong Ng
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Wei Qing Ng
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Mahendran
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology&Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Xu J, Xie X, Ye N, Zou J, Chen H, White MA, Shi PY, Zhou J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Substituted 4,6-Dihydrospiro[[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- b]pyridine-7,3'-indoline]-2',5(3 H)-dione Analogues as Potent NS4B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Dengue Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7941-7960. [PMID: 31403780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 4,6-dihydrospiro[[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-7,3'-indoline]-2',5(3H)-dione analogues were synthesized and evaluated as potent dengue virus inhibitors. Throughout a structure-activity relationship exploration on the amide of the indolone moiety, a wide range of substitutions were found to be well tolerated for chemical optimization at this position. Among these compounds, 15 (JMX0254) displayed the most potent and broad inhibitory activities, effective against DENV-1 to -3 with EC50 values of 0.78, 0.16, and 0.035 μM, respectively, while compounds 16, 21, 27-29, 47, and 70 exhibited relatively moderate to high activities with low micromolar to nanomolar potency against all four serotypes. The biotinylated compound 73 enriched NS4B protein from cell lysates in pull-down studies, and the findings together with the mutation investigations further validated dengue NS4B protein as the target of this class of compounds. More importantly, compound 15 exhibited good in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and efficacy in the A129 mouse model, indicating its therapeutic potential against the dengue virus infection as a drug candidate for further preclinical development.
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