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Xie W, Xu J. Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-1,2,4-Trihydrobenzo[ d][1,2]azaphosphinine 3-Oxides from In Situ Formed Phosphenes and Formaldimines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39387688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Various trans-1,2,4-trihydrobenzo[d][1,2]azaphosphinine 3-oxides are synthesized highly stereoselectively from in situ generated phosphenes and formaldimines under microwave irradiation. Aryl(diazo)methyl(diaryl)phosphine oxides first undergo the Wolff rearrangement to generate phosphenes. Imines, in situ generated from 1,3,5-triazinanes or paraformaldehyde and primary amines, nucleophilically attack the phosphenes followed by a tandem stereoelectronic effect-controlled intramolecular nucleophilic addition and aromatization to give final trans-1,2,4-trihydrobenzo[d][1,2]azaphosphinine 3-oxides, exhibiting completely different annuloselectivity from linear nonformaldimines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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2
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Xie W, Wang C, Xu J. Reaction of 1,3,5-Triazinanes with Phosphoryl Diazomethanes: Access to 5-Phosphoryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38630983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Conversion of 1,3,5-triazinanes into 5-phosporyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines is achieved efficiently through the microwave-assisted reaction with phosphoryl diazomethanes. Both trialkyl and triaryl 1,3,5-triazinanes were converted by diazomethyldiarylphosphine oxides, dialkyl diazomethylphosphonates, and alkyl diazomethyl(aryl)phosphinates and functionalized simultaneously in good to excellent yields. The reaction is a sequence of 1,3,5-triazinane fragmentation, tandem nucleophilic addition of the generated formaldimines and phosphoryl diazomethanes, and final N,N-acetalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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Krischer F, Jörges M, Leung TF, Darmandeh H, Gessner VH. Selectivity Control of the Ligand Exchange at Carbon in α-Metallated Ylides as a Route to Ketenyl Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309629. [PMID: 37581571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
α-Metallated ylides have recently been reported to undergo phosphine by CO exchange at the ylidic carbon atom to form isolable ketenyl anions. Systematic studies on the tosyl-substituted yldiides, R3 P=C(M)Ts (M=Li, Na, K), now reveal that carbonylation may lead to a competing metal salt (MTs) elimination. This side-reaction can be controlled by the choice of phosphine, metal cation, solvent and co-ligands, thus enabling the selective isolation of the ketenyl anion [Ts-CCO]M (2-M). Complexation of 2-Na by crown ether or cryptand allowed structure elucidation of the first free ketenyl anion [Ts-CCO]- , which showed an almost linear Ts-C-C linkage indicative for a pronounced ynolate character. However, DFT studies support a high charge at the ketenyl carbon atom, which is reflected in the selective carbon-centered reactivity. Overall, the present study provides important information on the selectivity control of ketenyl anion formation which will be crucial for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tsz-Fai Leung
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Liu S, Zhang K, Meng Y, Xu J, Chen N. Aryne and CO 2-based formal [2 + 2 + 2] annulation to access tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused benzoxazinones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6892-6897. [PMID: 37581250 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline and its fused polyheterocycles are prevalent structural motifs found in numerous natural products. In this study, we report a highly efficient and convergent synthetic approach for the construction of tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused polyheterocycles through a three-component formal [2 + 2 + 2] annulation process by combining 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, CO2, and benzynes. Notably, electron-rich 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and electron-deficient benzynes exhibit greater reactivity in this annulation. Moreover, this method benefits from the convergent synthesis and the utilization of carbon dioxide, providing a valuable strategy for the facile synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused polyheterocycles, with potential applications in the discovery and development of novel organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Yutong Meng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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Ma N, Zhou L, Li Y, Wu H, Li S, Zhang G. Theoretical Insight into the Mechanism of Cu(I)-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition to β-Pyrrolinones: Azaheterocycle Formation and Assisted Dehydrogenation with Solvent MeNO 2. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The construction of multisubstituted β-pyrrolinones from simple starting materials remains a great challenge. Recently, a novel Cu(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction was developed for rapid access to fully substituted β-pyrrolinones, which are difficult to synthesize through traditional methods as this approach may involve unusual C-nucleophilic addition of enamines and umpolung of imines. Elucidating the reaction mechanism may inspire the development of new methodologies via the unusual C-nucleophilic addition of enamines and imines. However, the reaction mechanism is still unclear because none of the intermediates was observed during the reaction process. In this work, we employed theoretical and computational chemistry to investigate the possible pathway. Finally, the calculated results indicate that ketene formed by the Wolff rearrangement of α-diazo-β-ketoester reacts with enamine formed by the addition of alkynes and amine, affording the five-membered azaheterocycle, and this process involves the formation of a six-membered ring intermediate and sequential isomerization, and the further dehydrogenation needs to be assisted with solvent MeNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Lanxin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yameng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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6
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Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-substituted Monocyclic ß-Lactams—Important Structural Motifs in Medicinal Chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010360. [PMID: 35008788 PMCID: PMC8745335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyclic ß-lactams (azetidin-2-ones) exhibit a wide range of biological activities, the most important of which are antibacterial, anticancer, and cholesterol absorption inhibitory activities. The synthesis of decorated monocyclic ß-lactams is challenging because their ring is highly constrained and consequently reactive, which is also an important determinant of their biological activity. We present the optimized synthesis of orthogonally protected 3-amino-4-substituted monocyclic ß-lactams. Among several possible synthetic approaches, Staudinger cycloaddition proved to be the most promising method for initial ring formation, yielding monocyclic ß-lactams with different substituents at the C-4 position, a phthalimido-protected 3-amino group, and a (dimethoxy)benzyl protected ring nitrogen. Challenging deprotection methods were then investigated. Oxidative cleavage with cerium ammonium nitrate and ammonia-free Birch reduction was found to be most effective for selective removal of ring nitrogen protection. Hydrazine hydrate was used for deprotection of the phthalimido group, and the procedure had to be modified by the addition of HCl in the case of aromatic substituents at the C-4 position. The presented methods and the synthesized 3-amino-4-substituted monocyclic ß-lactam derivatives are an important step toward new ß-lactams with potential pharmacological activities.
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Regioselective Mercury(I)/Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Single-Step Approach for the Synthesis of Imines and 2-Substituted Indoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134092. [PMID: 34279432 PMCID: PMC8271454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of ketimines was achieved through a regioselective Hg(I)-catalyzed hydroamination of terminal acetylenes in the presence of anilines. The Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization of these imines into the 2-substituted indoles was satisfactorily carried out by a C-H activation. In a single-step approach, a variety of 2-substituted indoles were also generated via a Hg(I)/Pd(II)-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step process, starting from anilines and terminal acetylenes. The arylacetylenes proved to be more effective than the alkyl derivatives.
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Luo Y, Xu J. Annulation of Diaryl(aryl)phosphenes and Cyclic Imines to Access Benzo-δ-phospholactams. Org Lett 2020; 22:7780-7785. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Cui HL, Liu S, Jiang L. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Novel Dimeric Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives through [2+2+2] Annulation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Si Liu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan Chongqing 402160 China
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He W, Zhuang J, Yang Z, Xu J. Sterically controlled diastereoselectivity in thio-Staudinger cycloadditions of alkyl/alkenyl/aryl-substituted thioketenes. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diastereoselectivity in [2 + 2] cycloadditions of alkyl/alkenyl/arylthioketenes and imines, named as thio-Staudinger cycloaddition, was rationalized and verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Junpeng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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11
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He W, Zhuang J, Du H, Yang Z, Xu J. Stereochemistry and mechanistic insights in the [2t + 2i + 2i] annulations of thioketenes and imines. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9424-9432. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02212c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and stereochemistry of [2t + 2i + 2i] annulations between one thioketene molecule and two imine molecules have been studied experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Junpeng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Hongguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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12
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Rossi-Ashton JA, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Selective synthesis of three product classes from imine and carboxylic acid precursors via direct imine acylation. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7527-7532. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three divergent procedures allow the selective generation of δ-lactams, β-lactams and tetrahydropyrimidinones from common imine and carboxylic acid precursors.
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13
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Wu Q, Yang Z, Xu J. Temperature-dependent annuloselectivity and stereochemistry in the reactions of methanesulfonyl sulfene with imines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7258-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The annuloselectivity in the reactions of methanesulfonyl sulfene and imines varies with temperature. At 20 °C, the [2s+ 2i] annulation occurs exclusively, while at −78 °C, the [2s+ 2i+ 2i] annulation ofN-methyl imines takes place specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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