1
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Tokushige K, Kobori Y, Asai S, Abe T. Indoline hemiaminals: a platform for accessing anthranilic acid derivatives through oxidative deformylation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7343-7348. [PMID: 39189407 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
2-Aminobenzoyl chlorides possess both a nucleophilic nitrogen atom and an electrophilic carbonyl group, and thus selective acylation of nucleophiles is challenging; self-dimerization and sluggish reactions occur. Herein, we introduce a new synthetic protocol using 2-aminobenzoyl surrogates, allowing concise entry to decorated 2-aminobenzoyl derivatives in the absence of transition metals, acid chlorides, and specific reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tokushige
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Yuito Kobori
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Shota Asai
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1, Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 7038516, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
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2
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Tokushige K, Abe T. Formal One Carbon Deletion of Indoline Hemiaminals under Tautomeric Control to Access 2-Aminobenzyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10349-10354. [PMID: 38949244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Unprecedented tert-BuOK-mediated one carbon deletion of indoline hemiaminals has been achieved. This novel protocol provides an efficient synthetic tool for the construction of 2-aminobenzyl compounds with high chemoselectivity. In addition, functionalized 2-aminobenzyl compounds are difficult to make, for which few limited means of access currently exist. The key to success is the use of in situ generated Heyns rearrangement products (α-amino carbonyl compounds) as precursors for formal one carbon deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tokushige
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
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3
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Hu W, Diao X, Yuan J, Liang W, Yang W, Yang L, Ma J, Zhang S. Photoredox-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Enaminones with N-Sulfonylaminopyridinium Salts toward the Synthesis of 3-Sulfonaminated Chromones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:644-655. [PMID: 38088130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular tandem sulfonamination/cyclization of enaminones was realized by using N-aminopyridinium salts as the sulfonaminated reagents without transition-metal catalysts or bases. The reaction exhibits a broad scope and good functional group tolerance, good yields, and regioselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical property of the reaction and the involvement of N-centered radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Hu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Diao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wan Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Liangru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Shouren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, P. R. China
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4
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Xu J, Lan Y, Liu B. Activation of Aryl and Alkyl Halides Enabled by Strong Photoreduction Potentials of a Hantzsch Ester/Cs 2CO 3 System. J Org Chem 2024; 89:599-604. [PMID: 38113916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein a light-induced Hantzsch ester-initiated aryl and alkyl radical generation protocol from aryl halides (Br and Cl) and alkyl iodides. This method provides access to a wide range of benzo-fused heterocycles and C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling products. The reductive detosylation reaction has also been demonstrated using the same reaction conditions. Initial mechanism studies provide evidence of the formation of an alkyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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5
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Dabbs J, Ericson MN, Wilde JH, Lombardo RF, Ashcraft EC, Dickie DA, Harman WD. The Tungsten-Promoted Synthesis of Piperidyl-Modified erythro-Methylphenidate Derivatives. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1775-1783. [PMID: 37780360 PMCID: PMC10540299 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to its efficacy as a dopamine receptor agonist, methylphenidate (MPH) is of interest as a potential therapeutic for cocaine addiction. While numerous derivatives of MPH have been investigated for their potential medicinal value, functionalization of the piperidine ring has not been explored. The pyridine borane ligand in WTp(NO)(PMe3)(η2-pyBH3) is dearomatized by the metal and can be elaborated to the analogous η2-mesylpyridinium complex. Installing a methyl phenylacetate moiety at the C2' position via a Reformatsky reaction followed by a tandem protonation/nucleophilic addition sequence results in a library of erythro MPH analogues functionalized at the piperidyl C5' position. The functional group is added chemoselectively to C5', cis to the methyl phenylacetate. Repeating this procedure with an enantioenriched source of the tungsten reagent results in enantioenriched MPH derivatives. All identities of the newly reported compounds are supported by comprehensive 2D NMR and HRMS data or crystallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin H. Wilde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Rachel F. Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Earl C. Ashcraft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - W. Dean Harman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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6
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Spieß P, Sirvent A, Tiefenbrunner I, Sargueil J, Fernandes AJ, Arroyo‐Bondía A, Meyrelles R, Just D, Prado‐Roller A, Shaaban S, Kaiser D, Maulide N. Nms-Amides: An Amine Protecting Group with Unique Stability and Selectivity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301312. [PMID: 37283481 PMCID: PMC10946766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
p-Toluenesulfonyl (Tosyl) and nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Nosyl) are two of the most common sulfonyl protecting groups for amines in contemporary organic synthesis. While p-toluenesulfonamides are known for their high stability/robustness, their use in multistep synthesis is plagued by difficult removal. Nitrobenzenesulfonamides, on the other hand, are easily cleaved but display limited stability to various reaction conditions. In an effort to resolve this predicament, we herein present a new sulfonamide protecting group, which we term Nms. Initially developed through in silico studies, Nms-amides overcome these previous limitations and leave no room for compromise. We have investigated the incorporation, robustness and cleavability of this group and found it to be superior to traditional sulfonamide protecting groups in a broad range of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spieß
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Vienna Doctoral School in ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Ana Sirvent
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignUniversity of ViennaJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
| | - Irmgard Tiefenbrunner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Jules Sargueil
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Anthony J. Fernandes
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignUniversity of ViennaJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
| | - Ana Arroyo‐Bondía
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Ricardo Meyrelles
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Vienna Doctoral School in ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 421090ViennaAustria
| | - David Just
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | | | - Saad Shaaban
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignUniversity of ViennaJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
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7
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Roe WE, Warnock TMC, Knipe PC. A spirocyclic backbone accesses new conformational space in an extended, dipole-stabilized foldamer. Commun Chem 2023; 6:71. [PMID: 37069245 PMCID: PMC10110530 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most aromatic foldamers adopt uniform secondary structures, offering limited potential for the exploration of conformational space and the formation of tertiary structures. Here we report the incorporation of spiro bis-lactams to allow controlled rotation of the backbone of an iteratively synthesised foldamer. This enables precise control of foldamer shape along two orthogonal directions, likened to the aeronautical yaw and roll axes. XRD, NMR and computational data suggest that homo-oligomers adopt an extended right-handed helix with a pitch of over 30 Å, approximately that of B-DNA. Compatibility with extant foldamers to form hetero-oligomers is demonstrated, allowing greater structural complexity and function in future hybrid foldamer designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Edward Roe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Toyah Mary Catherine Warnock
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Peter Clarke Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
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8
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Yamashiro T, Tokushige K, Abe T. One-Pot Synthesis of Core Structure of Shewanelline C Using an Azidoindoline. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3992-3997. [PMID: 36888895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented synthesis of the indolines bearing N3-quinazolin-2,4-dione moiety using an AZIN is reported. The concise synthesis features the tandem Staudinger/chemo-selective aza-Wittig/cyclization sequence of AZINs with isatoic anhydride by a one-pot protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tokushige
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
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9
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Sun M, Gui J, Zhong R, Wu H, Liu S, Li J, Yang J, Wang Z. TfOH-catalyzed direct Michael addition and cascade cyclization reactions of unactivated ketones: A divergent route to functionalized benzofurans and benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridines. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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10
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Abell J, Bold CP, Vicens L, Jentsch T, Velasco N, Tyler JL, Straker RN, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis of Dihydropyridine Spirocycles by Semi-Pinacol-Driven Dearomatization of Pyridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:400-404. [PMID: 36626565 PMCID: PMC9872164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the beneficial pharmacokinetic properties of aza-spirocycles has led to the routine incorporation of these highly rigid and three-dimensional structures in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an operationally simple synthesis of spirocyclic dihydropyridines via an electrophile-induced dearomative semi-pinacol rearrangement of 4-(1'-hydroxycyclobutyl)pyridines. The various points for diversification of the spirocyclization precursors, as well as the synthetic utility of the amine and ketone functionalities in the products, provide the potential to rapidly assemble medicinally relevant spirocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
C. Abell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Christian P. Bold
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Laia Vicens
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Tom Jentsch
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Noelia Velasco
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Jasper L. Tyler
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | | | - Adam Noble
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Varinder K. Aggarwal
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BristolBS8 1TS, U.K.,
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11
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Sergeev PG, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Formal (4+2)-Cycloaddition between Cross-Conjugated Azatrienes and Styrylmalonates: The Way to Functionalized Quinolizidine Precursors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010088. [PMID: 36615287 PMCID: PMC9822494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinolizidine and azaphenalene alkaloids are common in nature and exhibit a pharmaceutical activity, which stirs up increased interest in expanding the range of methods for the synthesis of the corresponding derivatives. In this work, we attempted to adapt our previously presented method for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridines to the preparation of potential precursors for these heterocycles as a separate development of a necessary intermediate stage. To this end, we studied the reactions of β-styrylmalonates with N-protected cross-conjugated azatrienes in the presence of Sn(OTf)2. Moreover, the regioselectivity of the process involving unsymmetrically substituted azatrienes was estimated. The diene character of vinyltetrahydropyridines was studied in detail with the participation of PTAD. Finally, for the Ts-protected highly functionalized vinyltetrahydropyridines synthesized, a detosylation method to give new desired azadiene structures as precursors of the quinolizidine core was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- Correspondence: (R.A.N.); (Y.V.T.); Tel.: +7-(919)-727-5362 (R.A.N.); Fax: +7-(495)-135-6390 (Y.V.T.)
| | - Yury V. Tomilov
- Correspondence: (R.A.N.); (Y.V.T.); Tel.: +7-(919)-727-5362 (R.A.N.); Fax: +7-(495)-135-6390 (Y.V.T.)
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12
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Williams M, Boyer A. Modular Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3-Azapyrroles by Rh(II)-Catalyzed N-H Bond Insertion and Cyclodehydration. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16139-16156. [PMID: 35503987 PMCID: PMC9764362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of highly substituted 3-azapyrroles has been developed using a three-step sequence comprising copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), N-H bond insertion, and cyclodehydration. 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles (1-STs) can be accessed from common alkyne and sulfonyl azide building blocks by CuAAC using CuTC. Rhodium(II)-acetate-promoted 1-ST denitrogenation results in highly electrophilic rhodium azavinyl carbenes that, here, underwent insertion into the N-H bond of secondary α-aminoketones to form 1,2-aminoalkenes. These products were cyclized and dehydrated using BF3·OEt2 into highly substituted 3-azapyrroles. The three steps (CuAAC, N-H bond insertion, and cyclodehydration) could be telescoped into a one-pot process. The method proved to be highly efficient and tolerated a wide range of substituents.
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13
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Yu X, Zhu W, Liu H, Liu Y, Li H, Han J, Duan G, Bai Z, Zhang P, Xia C. Practical chemoselective aromatic substitution: the synthesis of N-(4-halo-2-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide through the efficient nitration and halogenation of N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5444-5451. [PMID: 35770678 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel route involving the metal-promoted tandem nitration and halogenation of N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide to synthesize N-(4-halo-2-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives has been developed. The method shows highly practical chemoselective and functional group compatibility. In addition, it employs insensitive and inexpensive Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, and NH4NO3 as the nitration reagents, and it provides a direct approach for the preparation of 4-halo-2-nitroaniline, which is a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and quinoxaline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Hongshuang Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Junfen Han
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Guiyun Duan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Zhushuang Bai
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
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14
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Abe T, Yamashiro T, Shimizu K, Sawada D. Indole Editing Enabled by HFIP-Mediated Ring-Switch Reactions of 3-Amino-2-Hydroxyindolines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201113. [PMID: 35438809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the novel reactivity of hemiaminal as a precursor for indole editing at the multi-site. The HFIP-promoted indole editing of indoline hemiaminals affords 2-arylindoles through a ring-switch sequence. The key to success of this transformation is to use a cyclic hemiaminal as an α-amino aldehyde surrogate under transient tautomeric control. This transformation features mild reaction conditions and good yields with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this transformation is presented through the one-pot protocol and the synthesis of isocryptolepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Kaho Shimizu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
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15
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Widness JK, Enny DG, McFarlane-Connelly KS, Miedenbauer MT, Krauss TD, Weix DJ. CdS Quantum Dots as Potent Photoreductants for Organic Chemistry Enabled by Auger Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12229-12246. [PMID: 35772053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Strong reducing agents (<-2.0 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) enable a wide array of useful organic chemistry, but suffer from a variety of limitations. Stoichiometric metallic reductants such as alkali metals and SmI2 are commonly employed for these reactions; however, considerations including expense, ease of use, safety, and waste generation limit the practicality of these methods. Recent approaches utilizing energy from multiple photons or electron-primed photoredox catalysis have accessed reduction potentials equivalent to Li0 and shown how this enables selective transformations of aryl chlorides via aryl radicals. However, in some cases, low stability of catalytic intermediates can limit turnover numbers. Herein, we report the ability of CdS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) to function as strong photoreductants and present evidence that a highly reducing electron is generated from two consecutive photoexcitations of CdS QDs with intermediate reductive quenching. Mechanistic experiments suggest that Auger recombination, a photophysical phenomenon known to occur in photoexcited anionic QDs, generates transient thermally excited electrons to enable the observed reductions. Using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and sacrificial amine reductants, aryl chlorides and phosphate esters with reduction potentials up to -3.4 V vs SCE are photoreductively cleaved to afford hydrodefunctionalized or functionalized products. In contrast to small-molecule catalysts, QDs are stable under these conditions and turnover numbers up to 47 500 have been achieved. These conditions can also effect other challenging reductions, such as tosylate protecting group removal from amines, debenzylation of benzyl-protected alcohols, and reductive ring opening of cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K Widness
- Department of Chemistry, UW─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel G Enny
- Department of Chemistry, UW─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Mahilet T Miedenbauer
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- Department of Chemistry, UW─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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16
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Wang ZS, Zhu LJ, Li CT, Liu BY, Hong X, Ye LW. Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles via Atroposelective Cyclization of Ynamides Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201436. [PMID: 35246909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, asymmetric catalysis of ynamides has attracted much attention, but these reactions mostly constructed central chirality, except for a few examples on the synthesis of axially chiral compounds which exclusively relied on noble-metal catalysis. Herein, a facile access to axially chiral N-heterocycles enabled by chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of ynamides is disclosed, which represents the first metal-free protocol for the construction of axially chiral compounds from ynamides. This method allows the practical and atom-economical synthesis of valuable N-arylindoles in excellent yields with generally excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, organocatalysts and ligands based on such axially chiral N-arylindole skeletons are demonstrated to be applicable to asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lu-Jing Zhu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Cui-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bin-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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17
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Logvinenko IG, Kondratov IS, Pridma SO, Tolmachova NA, Morev RN, Dolovanyuk VG, Boretskyi AL, Stepanyuk RO, Trofimchuk SA, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Synthesis and physical chemical properties of CF3O-containg secondary amines – perspective building blocks for Drug Discovery. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of Axially Chiral N‐Arylindoles via Atroposelective Cyclization of Ynamides Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Stuck F, Dietl MC, Meißner M, Sebastian F, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Krämer P, Hashmi ASK. Modular Two-Step Access to π-Extended Naphthyridine Systems-Potent Building Blocks for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114277. [PMID: 34755928 PMCID: PMC9299885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthetic approaches for the incorporation of nitrogen into polyaromatic compounds (PACs) in different patterns as stabilising moiety for π-extended systems and modification tool for optoelectronic properties remain a challenge until today. Herein, we developed a new versatile pathway to napthyridine-based PACs as non-symmetric and regioisomeric pendant to pyrazine-based PACs. A combination of a gold-catalysed synthesis of 2-aminoquinolines and the development of an in situ desulfonation and condensation of these precursors are the key steps of the protocol. The shape and type of attached functional groups of the PACs can be designed in a late stage of the overall synthetic procedure by the chosen anthranile and backbone of the ynamide introduced in the gold-catalysed step. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the investigation of electronic properties of the compounds show the influence of the attached substituents. All naphthyridine-based PACs show halochromic behaviour implying their use as highly sensitive proton sensor in non-protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stuck
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Maximilian Meißner
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Finn Sebastian
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Institut für Organische ChemieHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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20
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Stuck F, Dietl MC, Meißner M, Sebastian F, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Krämer P, Hashmi ASK. Modularer zweistufiger Zugang zu π‐erweiterten Naphthyridin‐Systemen – potente Bausteine für die organische Elektronik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Maximilian Meißner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Finn Sebastian
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
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21
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Mandal M, Balamurugan R. TfOH-promoted synthesis of indoles and benzofurans involving cyclative transposition of vinyl ketone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9778-9781. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free approach to construct indole ring from vinylogous amides derived from o-alkynylanilines involving cyclization, retro-aza-Michael and amine trapping cascade is reported here. This atom-economical transformation has been extended to...
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22
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Li J, Liu S, Zhong R, Yang Y, Xu J, Yang J, Ding H, Wang Z. Cascade Cyclization of Azadienes with Difluoroenoxysilanes: A One-Pot Formal [4 + 2] Approach to Fluorinated Polyfused Heterocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:9526-9532. [PMID: 34860022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A TfOH-promoted synthesis of fluorinated polyfused heterocycles via the cascade cyclization of azadienes and difluoroenoxysilanes has been developed, leading to the facile construction of fluorinated benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridines, 5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridines, and 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinolines. This one-pot formal [4 + 2] approach involves 1,4-difluoroalkylation, desulfonylation, cyclization, and dehydrated and dehydrofluorinated aromatization and represents the first application of difluoroenoxysilane in cascade transformations. Furthermore, this methodology is highlighted by the synthesis of three fluoro analogues of bioactive molecules with potent topoisomerase inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Li
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Saimei Liu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
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23
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Chu XQ, Ge D, Cui YY, Shen ZL, Li CJ. Desulfonylation via Radical Process: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12548-12680. [PMID: 34387465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the "chemical chameleon", sulfonyl-containing compounds and their variants have been merged with various types of reactions for the efficient construction of diverse molecular architectures by taking advantage of their incredible reactive flexibility. Currently, their involvement in radical transformations, in which the sulfonyl group typically acts as a leaving group via selective C-S, N-S, O-S, S-S, and Se-S bond cleavage/functionalization, has facilitated new bond formation strategies which are complementary to classical two-electron cross-couplings via organometallic or ionic intermediates. Considering the great influence and synthetic potential of these novel avenues, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly expanding area by discussing the reaction designs, substrate scopes, mechanistic studies, and their limitations, outlining the state-of-the-art processes involved in radical-mediated desulfonylation and related transformations. With a specific emphasis on their synthetic applications, we believe this review will be useful for medicinal and synthetic organic chemists who are interested in radical chemistry and radical-mediated desulfonylation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Ying Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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24
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Bhattacharya A, Shukla PM, Maji B. Highly Selective and Catalytic C-N Bond Cleavage of Tertiary Sulfonamides: Scope and Mechanistic Insight. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18988-19005. [PMID: 34337238 PMCID: PMC8320137 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly chemoselective C-N bond cleavage reaction of p-methoxybenzyl- (PMB), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl- (DMB), or cinnamyl-substituted tertiary sulfonamides in the presence of catalytic Bi(OTf)3 is presented. A wide range of sulfonamide substrates smoothly furnished the corresponding C-N bond cleavage products in good to excellent yields. Great efforts have been made to obtain insights into the reaction mechanism based on a series of control experiments and mass spectroscopy.
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25
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Javorskis T, Jurys A, Bagdžiūnas G, Orentas E. Synthesis of
C
‐ and
N
‐Substituted 1,5,2,6‐Dithiadiazocanes –Electrophilic‐Nucleophilic Thioamination (ENTA) Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Javorskis
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Arminas Jurys
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Gintautas Bagdžiūnas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Saulėtekio av. 7 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
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26
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Gaston JJ, Tague AJ, Smyth JE, Butler NM, Willis AC, van Eikema Hommes N, Yu H, Clark T, Keller PA. The Detosylation of Chiral 1,2-Bis(tosylamides). J Org Chem 2021; 86:9163-9180. [PMID: 34153182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The deprotection of chiral 1,2-bis(tosylamides) to their corresponding 1,2-diamines is mostly unsuccessful under standard conditions. In a new methodology, the use of Mg/MeOH with sufficient steric additions allows the facile synthesis of 1,2-diamines in 78-98% yields. These results are rationalized using density functional theory and the examination of inner and outer-sphere reduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden J Gaston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew J Tague
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jamie E Smyth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Butler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anthony C Willis
- School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nico van Eikema Hommes
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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27
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Yang J, Dai Y, Bartlett R, Zhang Q. Convergent Palladium-Catalyzed Stereospecific Arginine Glycosylation Using Glycals. Org Lett 2021; 23:4008-4012. [PMID: 33979173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A stereospecific convergent peptide arginine glycosylation method is reported for the first time. A recently discovered arginine glycosylation invigorated the interests of arginine modification, which has been challenging, because of the inertness of the guanidino side chain. The approach renders the arginine glycoside construction convergently. Catalyzed by palladium complex, glycals modify arginine guanidino groups in one step with high functional group tolerance at ambient temperature. The glycosylated products may be converted to glycopeptide analogues in few steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Ryan Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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28
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Li C, Huang Y, Cao S, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yang G. A robust and facile method for desulfonation to amines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a robust and facile method for desulfonation to achieve secondary amines is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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29
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Heredia MD, Guerra WD, Barolo SM, Fornasier SJ, Rossi RA, Budén ME. Transition-Metal-Free and Visible-Light-Mediated Desulfonylation and Dehalogenation Reactions: Hantzsch Ester Anion as Electron and Hydrogen Atom Donor. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13481-13494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela D. Heredia
- INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Walter D. Guerra
- INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia M. Barolo
- INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago J. Fornasier
- INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E. Budén
- INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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30
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Nimje RY, Vytla D, Kuppusamy P, Velayuthaperumal R, Jarugu LB, Reddy CA, Chikkananjaiah NK, Rampulla RA, Cavallaro CL, Li J, Mathur A, Gupta A, Roy A. Synthesis of Differentially Protected Azatryptophan Analogs via Pd 2(dba) 3/XPhos Catalyzed Negishi Coupling of N-Ts Azaindole Halides with Zinc Derivative from Fmoc-Protected tert-Butyl ( R)-2-Amino-3-iodopropanoate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11519-11530. [PMID: 32786620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids play an important role in peptide based drug discovery. Herein, we report a class of differentially protected azatryptophan derivatives synthesized from N-tosyl-3-haloazaindoles 1 and Fmoc-protected tert-butyl iodoalanine 2 via a Negishi coupling. Through ligand screening, Pd2(dba)3/XPhos was found to be a superior catalyst for the coupling of 1 with the zinc derivative of 2 to give tert-butyl (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)propanoate derivatives 3 in 69-91% isolated yields. In addition, we have demonstrated that the protecting groups, namely, Ts, Fmoc, and tBu, can be easily removed selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Y Nimje
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Devaiah Vytla
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Prakasam Kuppusamy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Rajeswari Velayuthaperumal
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Lokesh Babu Jarugu
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - China Anki Reddy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Nanjundaswamy Kanikahalli Chikkananjaiah
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Richard A Rampulla
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Cullen L Cavallaro
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jianqing Li
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
| | - Amrita Roy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 and 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore-560 100, India
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31
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Qiang‐Liu, Liu Y, Song H, Wang Q. Electron Transfer Photoredox Catalysis: Development of a Photoactivated Reductive Desulfonylation of an Aza‐Heteroaromatic Ring. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Xiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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32
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Discovery and characterization of an acridine radical photoreductant. Nature 2020; 580:76-80. [PMID: 32238940 PMCID: PMC7138348 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is a phenomenon wherein the absorption of light by a chemical species provides an energetic driving force for an electron transfer reaction.1–4 This mechanism is relevant in many areas of chemistry, including the study of natural and artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics, and photosensitive materials. In recent years, research in the area of photoredox catalysis has leveraged PET for the catalytic generation of both neutral and charged organic free radical species. These technologies have enabled a wide range of previously inaccessible chemical transformations and have seen widespread utilization in both academic and industrial settings. These reactions are often catalyzed by visible-light absorbing organic molecules or transition-metal complexes of ruthenium, iridium, chromium, or copper.5,6 While a wide variety of closed shell organic molecules have been shown to behave as competent electron transfer catalysts in photoredox reactions, there are only limited reports of PET reactions involving neutral organic radicals as an excited state donor or acceptor. This is perhaps somewhat unsurprising in light of previously reported doublet excited state lifetimes for neutral organic radicals, which are typically several orders of magnitude shorter than singlet lifetimes for known transition metal photoredox catalysts.7–11 Herein we document the discovery, characterization, and reactivity of a neutral acridine radical with a maximum excited state oxidation potential of −3.36 V vs. SCE: significantly more reducing than elemental lithium and marking it as one of the most potent chemical reductants reported.12 Spectroscopic, computational, and chemical studies indicate that the formation of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer species enables the population of higher energy doublet excited states, leading to the observed potent photoreductant behavior. We demonstrate that this catalytically-generated PET catalyst facilitates several chemical reactions that typically require alkali metal reductants and bodes well for the adoption of this system in additional organic transformations requiring dissolving metal reductants.
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Gleede T, Yu F, Luo YL, Yuan Y, Wang J, Wurm FR. Linear Well-Defined Polyamines via Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Activated Aziridines: From Mild Desulfonylation to Cell Transfection. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:20-25. [PMID: 35638659 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI), a standard for nonviral gene delivery, is usually prepared by hydrolysis from poly(2-oxazoline)s. Lately, anionic polymerization of sulfonamide-activated aziridines had been reported as an alternative pathway toward well-defined L-PEI and linear polyamines. However, desulfonylation of the poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s typically relied on harsh conditions (acid, microwave) or used a toxic solvent (e.g., hexamethylphosphoramide). In addition, the drastic change of polarity requires solvents, which keep poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s as well as L-PEI in solution, and only a limited number of strategies were reported. Herein, we prepared 1-(4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl) 2-methyl-aziridine (1) as a monomer for the anionic ring-opening polymerization. It was polymerized to well-defined and linear poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s. The 4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl-activating groups were removed under mild conditions to linear polypropylenimine (L-PPI). Using dodecanethiol and diazabicyclo-undecene (DBU) allowed ≥98% desulfonylation and a reliable purification toward polyamines with high purity and avoiding main-chain scission. This method represents a fast approach in comparison to previous methods used for postpolymerization desulfonylation and produces linear well-defined polyamines. The high control over molecular weight and dispersities achieved by living anionic polymerization are the key advantages of our strategy, especially if used for biomedical applications, in which molecular weight might correlate with toxicity. The synthesized polypropylenimine was further tested as a cell-transfection agent and proved, with 16.1% transfection efficiency of the cationic nanoparticles, to be an alternative to L-PEI obtained from the 2-oxazoline route. This general strategy will allow the preparation of complex macromolecular architectures containing polyamine segments, which were not accessible before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fangzhou Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Li Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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34
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Flynn AJ, Ford A, Maguire AR. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of sulfonyl migrations. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2549-2610. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl migrations, frequently described as ‘unusual’ or ‘unexpected’, from the last 20 years, including 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-sulfonyl shifts, through either radical or polar processes, either inter- or intramolecularly are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaran J. Flynn
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Cork
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Cork
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35
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Rowland CA, Yap GPA, Bloch ED. Novel syntheses of carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylate ligands and their utilization for porous coordination cages. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16340-16347. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A benzyl-protecting strategy affords access to large quantities of carbazole-based ligands or molecular adsorbents with tunable inter-cage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A. Rowland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
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36
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Tabor JR, Obenschain DC, Michael FE. Selenophosphoramide-catalyzed diamination and oxyamination of alkenes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1677-1682. [PMID: 32206288 PMCID: PMC7069249 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenging fluoride from a selenophosphoramide-catalyzed alkene oxidation reaction suppresses the known syn-elimination pathway, enabling alkene diamination/oxyamination reactions via substitution.
A new selenophosphoramide-catalyzed diamination of terminal- and trans-1,2-disubstituted olefins is presented. Key to the success of this transformation was the introduction of a fluoride scavenger, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf), to prevent a competitive syn-elimination pathway, as was the use of a phosphoramide ligand on selenium to promote the desired substitution reaction. A screen of catalysts revealed that more electron-rich phosphine ligands resulted in higher yields of the desired product, with selenophosphoramides giving the optimal results. A broad range of substrates and functional groups were tolerated and yields were generally good to excellent. For (E)-1,2-disubstituted olefins, diastereoselectivities were always high, giving exclusively anti products. The conditions were also applied to substrates bearing internal nucleophiles such as esters and carbonates, giving rise to 1,2-aminoesters and cyclic carbonates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Tabor
- University of Washington , Department of Chemistry , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , USA .
| | - Derek C Obenschain
- University of Washington , Department of Chemistry , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , USA .
| | - Forrest E Michael
- University of Washington , Department of Chemistry , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , USA .
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37
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Jiang M, Nie Q, Cai M. Heterogeneous gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization between ynals and amidines: An efficient and practical synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1631347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- School of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China
| | - Quan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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38
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Khalifa A, Evans P. The Titanium-Mediated Double Reductive Cleavage of Cyclic Sulfonamides for the Synthesis of Aryl Pyrrolidines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2969-2975. [PMID: 30681337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of a range of benzo-fused cyclic sulfonamides has been accomplished using low-valent titanium. This operationally simple method generates the corresponding aryl-substituted cyclic amines, typically, with good conversion. Notably, unlike our previous Li-NH3-based method, loss of heteroatom-based substituents (X) on the aromatic ring does not readily occur, and the robustness of this method was demonstrated with a synthesis of the Sceletium alkaloid mesembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khalifa
- School of Chemistry, Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology , University College Dublin , Dublin D04 N2E5 , Ireland
| | - Paul Evans
- School of Chemistry, Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology , University College Dublin , Dublin D04 N2E5 , Ireland
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Raga E, Escolano M, Torres J, Rabasa-Alcañiz F, Sánchez-Roselló M, del Pozo C. Domino Synthesis of 3-Alkyliden-2,3-Dihydro-4-Quinolones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Raga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Valencia; E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Valencia; E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Javier Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Valencia; E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Valencia; E-46100 Burjassot Spain
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Hasegawa E, Nagakura Y, Izumiya N, Matsumoto K, Tanaka T, Miura T, Ikoma T, Iwamoto H, Wakamatsu K. Visible Light and Hydroxynaphthylbenzimidazoline Promoted Transition-Metal-Catalyst-Free Desulfonylation of N-Sulfonylamides and N-Sulfonylamines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10813-10825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuto Nagakura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norihiro Izumiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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41
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Rieger E, Gleede T, Manhart A, Lamla M, Wurm FR. Microwave-Assisted Desulfonylation of Polysulfonamides toward Polypropylenimine. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:598-603. [PMID: 35632962 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) has been the gold standard for gene delivery and is typically prepared by hydrolysis from poly(2-oxazoline)s. Recently, also the anionic polymerization of activated aziridines was reported as a potential pathway toward linear and well-defined polyamines. However, only sulfonamide-activated aziridines so far undergo the living anionic polymerization and their desulfonylation was only reported scarcely. This is mainly due to the relatively high stability of the sulfonamides and the drastic change in solubility during the desulfonylation. Herein, we investigated the desulfonylation of such poly(aziridine)s prepared from tosylated or mesylated propyleneimine to afford linear polypropylenimine (L-PPI) as an alternative to L-PEI. Different desulfonylation strategies for tosylated (Ts) and mesylated (Ms) PPI were studied. The reductive cleavage of the sulfonamide with sodium bis(2-methoxy ethoxy) aluminum hydride yielded 80% of deprotected amine groups. Quantitative conversion to L-PPI was obtained, when the tosylated PPI was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions with pTsOH under microwave (MW) irradiation. The same treatment removed 90% of the mesyl groups from the mesylated PPI analog. The MW-assisted acidic hydrolysis represents a fast, inexpensive and easy approach in comparison to other methods, where complex reaction conditions and tedious purifications are major drawbacks, however some chain scission may occur. The high purity of the obtained products, in combination with the versatility of the activated aziridine chemistry, demonstrate many advantages of our strategy, especially for future biomedical implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Lamla
- Institute for Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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42
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Heterogeneous gold(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] annulation between ynamides and nitriles: Straightforward synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Mandal M, Balamurugan R. Triflic acid-Mediated Expedient Synthesis of Benzo[a
]fluorenes and Fluorescent Benzo[a
]fluorenones. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Gachibowli Hyderabad- 500046 India
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