1
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Hata H, Tonokura K. Kinetic study of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide radicals reacting with sulphur dioxide and their global-scale impact on sulphate formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1147-1155. [PMID: 38856669 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene is the most relevant volatile organic compound emitted during the biosynthesis of metabolism processes. The oxidation of isoprene by a hydroxy radical (OH) is one of the main consumption schemes that generate six isomers of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide radicals (ISOPOOs). In this study, the rate constants of ISOPOOs + sulphur dioxide (SO2) reactions that eventually generate sulphur trioxide (SO3), the precursor of sulphate aerosol (SO42-(p)), are determined using microcanonical kinetic theories coupled with molecular structures and energies estimated by quantum chemical calculations. The results show that the reaction rates range from 10-27 to 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, depending on the atmospheric temperature and structure of the six ISOPOO isomers. The effect of SO3 formation from SO2 oxidation by ISOPOOs on the atmosphere is evaluated by a global chemical transport model, along with the rate constants obtained from microcanonical kinetic theories. The results show that SO3 formation is enhanced in regions with high SO2 or low nitrogen oxide (NO), such as China, the Middle East, and Amazon rainforests. However, the production rates of SO3 formation by ISOPOOs + SO2 reactions are eight orders of magnitude lower than that from the OH + SO2 reaction. This is indicative of SO42-(p) formation from the direct oxidation of SO2 by ISOPOOs, which is almost negligible in the atmosphere. The results of this study entail a detailed analysis of SO3 formation from gas-phase reactions of isoprene-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Hata
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
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2
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Bi Z, Wang W, Zhao L, Wang X, Xing D, Zhou Y, Lee DJ, Ren N, Chen C. The generation and transformation mechanisms of reactive oxygen species in the environment and their implications for pollution control processes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119592. [PMID: 39002629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), substances with strong activity generated by oxygen during electron transfer, play a significant role in the decomposition of organic matter in various environmental settings, including soil, water and atmosphere. Although ROS has a short lifespan (ranging from a few nanoseconds to a few days), it continuously generated during the interaction between microorganisms and their environment, especially in environments characterized by strong ultraviolet radiation, fluctuating oxygen concentration or redox conditions, and the abundance of metal minerals. A comprehensive understanding of the fate of ROS in nature can provide new ideas for pollutant degradation and is of great significance for the development of green degradation technologies for organic pollutants. At present, the review of ROS generally revolves around various advanced oxidation processes, but lacks a description and summary of the fate of ROS in nature, this article starts with the definition of reactive oxidants species and reviews the production, migration, and transformation mechanisms of ROS in soil, water and atmospheric environments, focusing on recent developments. In addition, the stimulating effects of ROS on organisms were reviewed. Conclusively, the article summarizes the classic processes, possible improvements, and future directions for ROS-mediated degradation of pollutants. This review offers suggestions for future research directions in this field and provides the possible ROS technology application in pollutants treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150070, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China; Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
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3
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Woo W, Tian L, Lum M, Canchola A, Chen K, Lin YH. Ozonolysis of Terpene Flavor Additives in Vaping Emissions: Elevated Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:981-990. [PMID: 38776470 PMCID: PMC11187633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of e-cigarette aerosols through vaping processes is known to cause the formation of various free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the well-known oxidative potential and cytotoxicity of fresh vaping emissions, the effects of chemical aging on exhaled vaping aerosols by indoor atmospheric oxidants are yet to be elucidated. Terpenes are commonly found in e-liquids as flavor additives. In the presence of indoor ozone (O3), e-cigarette aerosols that contain terpene flavorings can undergo chemical transformations, further producing ROS and reactive carbonyl species. Here, we simulated the aging process of the e-cigarette emissions in a 2 m3 FEP film chamber with 100 ppbv of O3 exposure for an hour. The aged vaping aerosols, along with fresh aerosols, were collected to detect the presence of ROS. The aged particles exhibited 2- to 11-fold greater oxidative potential, and further analysis showed that these particles formed a greater number of radicals in aqueous conditions. The aging process induced the formation of various alkyl hydroperoxides (ROOH), and through iodometric quantification, we saw that our aged vaping particles contained significantly greater amounts of these hydroperoxides than their fresh counterparts. Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to aged vaping aerosols exhibited an upregulation of the oxidative stress genes, HMOX-1 and GSTP1, indicating the potential for inhalation toxicity. This work highlights the indirect danger of vaping in environments with high ground-level O3, which can chemically transform e-cigarette aerosols into new particles that can induce greater oxidative damage than fresh e-cigarette aerosols. Given that the toxicological characteristics of e-cigarettes are mainly associated with the inhalation of fresh aerosols in current studies, our work may provide a perspective that characterizes vaping exposure under secondhand or thirdhand conditions as a significant health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsik Woo
- Environmental
Toxicology Graduate Program, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Linhui Tian
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael Lum
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alexa Canchola
- Environmental
Toxicology Graduate Program, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kunpeng Chen
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Environmental
Toxicology Graduate Program, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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4
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Zhao Z, Li H, Wei Y, Fang G, Jiang Q, Pang Y, Huang W, Tang M, Jing Y, Feng X, Luo XS, Berkemeier T. Airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM 2.5 from combustion sources: Abundance, cytotoxicity and potential exposure risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172202. [PMID: 38599399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging atmospheric pollutant, airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are formed during many combustion processes and pose various adverse health effects. In health-oriented air pollution control, it is vital to evaluate the health effects of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from different emission sources. In this study, various types of combustion-derived PM2.5 were collected on filters in a partial-flow dilution tunnel sampling system from three typical emission sources: coal combustion, biomass burning, and automobile exhaust. Substantial concentrations of EPFRs were determined in PM2.5 samples and associated with significant potential exposure risks. Results from in vitro cytotoxicity and oxidative potential assays suggest that EPFRs may cause substantial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon inhalation exposure to PM2.5 from anthropogenic combustion sources, especially from automobile exhaust. This study provides important evidence for the source- and concentration-dependent health effects of EPFRs in PM2.5 and motivates further assessments to advance public health-oriented PM2.5 emission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanhan Li
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yaqian Wei
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingwei Tang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yuanshu Jing
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Campbell S, La C, Zhou Q, Le J, Galvez-Reyes J, Banach C, Houk KN, Chen JR, Paulson SE. Characterizing Hydroxyl Radical Formation from the Light-Driven Fe(II)-Peracetic Acid Reaction, a Key Process for Aerosol-Cloud Chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7505-7515. [PMID: 38619820 PMCID: PMC11064221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of peracetic acid (PAA) and Fe(II) has recently gained attention due to its utility in wastewater treatment and its role in cloud chemistry. Aerosol-cloud interactions, partly mediated by aqueous hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry, represent one of the largest uncertainties in the climate system. Ambiguities remain regarding the sources of OH in the cloud droplets. Our research group recently proposed that the dark and light-driven reaction of Fe(II) with peracids may be a key contributor to OH formation, producing a large burst of OH when aerosol particles take up water as they grow to become cloud droplets, in which reactants are consumed within 2 min. In this work, we quantify the OH production from the reaction of Fe(II) and PAA across a range of physical and chemical conditions. We show a strong dependence of OH formation on ultraviolet (UV) wavelength, with maximum OH formation at λ = 304 ± 5 nm, and demonstrate that the OH burst phenomenon is unique to Fe(II) and peracids. Using kinetics modeling and density functional theory calculations, we suggest the reaction proceeds through the formation of an [Fe(II)-(PAA)2(H2O)2] complex, followed by the formation of a Fe(IV) complex, which can also be photoactivated to produce additional OH. Determining the characteristics of OH production from this reaction advances our knowledge of the sources of OH in cloudwater and provides a framework to optimize this reaction for OH output for wastewater treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven
J. Campbell
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chris La
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Le
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennyfer Galvez-Reyes
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Catherine Banach
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jie Rou Chen
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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6
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Campbell SJ, Utinger B, Barth A, Paulson SE, Kalberer M. Iron and Copper Alter the Oxidative Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosol: Insights from Online Measurements and Model Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13546-13558. [PMID: 37624361 PMCID: PMC10501117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter has been widely suggested as a key metric for describing atmospheric particle toxicity. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and redox-active transition metals, such as iron and copper, are key drivers of particle OP. However, their relative contributions to OP, as well as the influence of metal-organic interactions and particulate chemistry on OP, remains uncertain. In this work, we simultaneously deploy two novel online instruments for the first time, providing robust quantification of particle OP. We utilize online AA (OPAA) and 2,7-dichlorofluoroscein (ROSDCFH) methods to investigate the influence of Fe(II) and Cu(II) on the OP of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In addition, we quantify the OH production (OPOH) from these particle mixtures. We observe a range of synergistic and antagonistic interactions when Fe(II) and Cu(II) are mixed with representative biogenic (β-pinene) and anthropogenic (naphthalene) SOA. A newly developed kinetic model revealed key reactions among SOA components, transition metals, and ascorbate, influencing OPAA. Model predictions agree well with OPAA measurements, highlighting metal-ascorbate and -naphthoquinone-ascorbate reactions as important drivers of OPAA. The simultaneous application of multiple OP assays and a kinetic model provides new insights into the influence of metal and SOA interactions on particle OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Campbell
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Barth
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Zhao T, Yan Y, Zhou B, Zhong X, Hu X, Zhang L, Huo P, Xiao K, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:835-845. [PMID: 36182187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bian Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Resource and Environmental Branch, China National Institute of Standardization, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Huo
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China.
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8
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Li F, Zhou S, Du L, Zhao J, Hang J, Wang X. Aqueous-phase chemistry of atmospheric phenolic compounds: A critical review of laboratory studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158895. [PMID: 36130630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PhCs) are crucial atmospheric pollutants typically emitted by biomass burning and receive particular concerns considering their toxicity, light-absorbing properties, and involvement in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. A comprehensive understanding of the transformation mechanisms on chemical reactions in atmospheric waters (i.e., cloud/fog droplets and aerosol liquid water) is essential to predict more precisely the atmospheric fate and environmental impacts of PhCs. Laboratory studies play a core role in providing the fundamental knowledge of aqueous-phase chemical transformations in the atmosphere. This article critically reviews recent laboratory advances in SOA formation from the aqueous-phase reactions of PhCs. It focuses primarily on the aqueous oxidation of PhCs driven by two atmospheric reactive species: OH radicals and triplet excited state organics, including the important chemical kinetics and mechanisms. The effects of inorganic components (i.e., nitrate and nitrite) and transition metal ions (i.e., soluble iron) are highlighted on the aqueous-phase transformation of PhCs and on the properties and formation mechanisms of SOA. The review is concluded with the current knowledge gaps and future perspectives for a better understanding of the atmospheric transformation and SOA formation potential of PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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9
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Chan AWH, Yao M, Chen Z, Abbatt JPD. Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1635-1679. [PMID: 36630720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (-O-O-) functional groups. POs are commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve as temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HOx and ROx) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gas-particle partitioning behavior, and reactivity, POs are key reactive intermediates in atmospheric multiphase processes determining the life cycle (formation, growth, and aging), climate, and health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps in the origin, molecular diversity, and fate of POs due to their complex nature and dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize the current understanding on atmospheric POs, with a focus on their identification and quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, multiphase chemical transformation pathways, as well as environmental and health impacts. We find that interactions with SO2 and transition metal ions are generally the fast PO transformation pathways in atmospheric liquid water, with lifetimes estimated to be minutes to hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important for α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis and thermolysis are likely minor sinks for POs. These multiphase PO transformation pathways are distinctly different from their gas-phase fates, such as photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, which highlights the need to understand the multiphase partitioning of POs. By summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of POs, we propose future research priorities regarding their origin, fate, and impacts in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
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10
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Prete P, Fiorentino A, Rizzo L, Proto A, Cucciniello R. Open the way to turnover frequency determination in (photo)Fenton processes for catalytic activities comparison. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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He DY, Huang XF, Wei J, Wei FH, Zhu B, Cao LM, He LY. Soil dust as a potential bridge from biogenic volatile organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol in a rural environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118840. [PMID: 35026325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of coarse particles has recently been proven to be underestimated in the atmosphere and can strongly influence clouds, ecosystems and climate. However, previous studies on atmospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have mostly focused on the products in fine particles, it remains less understood how coarse particles promote secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In this study, we investigated water-soluble compounds of size-segregated aerosol samples (0.056 to >18 μm) collected at a coastal rural site in southern China during late summer and found that oxygenated organic matter was abundant in the coarse mode. Comprehensive source apportionment based on mass spectrum and 14C analysis indicated that different from fossil fuel SOA, biogenic SOA existed more in the coarse mode than in the fine mode. The SOA in the coarse mode showed a unique correlation with biogenic VOCs. 13C and elemental composition strongly suggested a pathway of heterogeneous reactions on coarse particles, which had an abundant low-acidic aqueous environment with soil dust to possibly initiate iron-catalytic oxidation reactions to form SOA. This potential pathway might complement understanding of both formation of biogenic SOA and sink of biogenic VOCs in global biogeochemical cycles, warrantying future relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi He
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wei
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li-Ming Cao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ling-Yan He
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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12
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Synthesis and Characterization of Atmospherically Relevant Hydroxy Hydroperoxides. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy hydroperoxides are formed upon OH oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and may contribute to secondary organic aerosol growth and aqueous phase chemistry after phase transfer to particles. Although the detection methods for oxidized volatile organic compounds improved much over the past decades, the limited availability of synthetic standards for atmospherically relevant hydroxy hydroperoxides prevented comprehensive investigations for the most part. Here, we present a straightforward improved synthetic access to isoprene-derived hydroxy hydroperoxides, i.e., 1,2-ISOPOOH and 4,3-ISOPOOH. Furthermore, we present the first successful synthesis of an α-pinene derived hydroxy hydroperoxide. All products were identified by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy for structure elucidation, additional 2D NMR experiments were performed. Furthermore, gas-phase FTIR- and UV/VIS spectra are presented for the first time. Using the measured absorption cross section, the atmospheric photolysis rate of up to 2.1 × 10−3 s−1 was calculated for 1,2-ISOPOOH. Moreover, we present the investigation of synthesized hydroxy hydroperoxides in an aerosol chamber study by online MS techniques, namely PTR-ToFMS and (NO3−)-CI-APi-ToFMS. Fragmentation patterns recorded during these investigations are presented as well. For the (NO3−)-CI-APi-ToFMS, a calibration factor for 1,2-ISOPOOH was calculated as 4.44 × 10−5 ncps·ppbv−1 and a LOD (3σ, 1 min average) = 0.70 ppbv.
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13
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Stanbury DM. The principle of detailed balancing, the iron-catalyzed disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide, and the Fenton reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2135-2157. [PMID: 35029613 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed disproportionation of H2O2 has been investigated for over a century, as has been its ability to induce the oxidation of other species present in the system (Fenton reaction). The mechanisms of these reactions have been under consideration at least since 1932. Unfortunately, little or no attention has been paid to ensuring the conformity of the proposed mechanisms and rate constants with the constraints of the principle of detailed balancing. Here we identify more than 200 publications having mechanisms that violate the principle of detailed balancing. These violations occur through the use of incorrect values for certain rate constants, the use of incorrect forms of the rate laws for certain steps in the mechanisms, and the inclusion of illegal loops. A core mechanism for the iron-catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 is proposed that is consistent with the principle of detailed balancing and includes both the one-electron oxidation of H2O2 by Fe(III) and the Fe(II) reduction of HO2˙.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Stanbury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Wei J, Fang T, Wong C, Lakey PSJ, Nizkorodov SA, Shiraiwa M. Superoxide Formation from Aqueous Reactions of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:260-270. [PMID: 33352036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in aqueous-phase processing and health effects of atmospheric aerosols. Although hydroxyl radical (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are regarded as major oxidants associated with secondary organic aerosols (SOA), the kinetics and reaction mechanisms of superoxide (O2•-) formation are rarely quantified and poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a dominant formation of O2•- with molar yields of 0.01-0.03% from aqueous reactions of biogenic SOA generated by •OH photooxidation of isoprene, β-pinene, α-terpineol, and d-limonene. The temporal evolution of •OH and O2•- formation is elucidated by kinetic modeling with a cascade of aqueous reactions including the decomposition of organic hydroperoxides, •OH oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols, and unimolecular decomposition of α-hydroxyperoxyl radicals. Relative yields of various types of ROS reflect a relative abundance of organic hydroperoxides and alcohols contained in SOA. These findings and mechanistic understanding have important implications on the atmospheric fate of SOA and particle-phase reactions of highly oxygenated organic molecules as well as oxidative stress upon respiratory deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlai Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Cynthia Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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