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Gu S, Khalaj F, Perraud V, Faiola CL. Emerging investigator series: secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of acyclic terpenes in an oxidation flow reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 38812434 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
One major challenge in predicting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere is incomplete representation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from plants, particularly those that are emitted as a result of stress - a condition that is becoming more frequent in a rapidly changing climate. One of the most common types of BVOCs emitted by plants in response to environmental stress are acyclic terpenes. In this work, SOA is generated from the photooxidation of acyclic terpenes in an oxidation flow reactor and compared to SOA production from a reference cyclic terpene - α-pinene. The acyclic terpenes used as SOA precursors included β-myrcene, β-ocimene, and linalool. Results showed that oxidation of all acyclic terpenes had lower SOA yields measured after 4 days photochemical age, in comparison to α-pinene. However, there was also evidence that the condensed organic products that formed, while a smaller amount overall, had a higher oligomeric content. In particular, β-ocimene SOA had higher oligomeric content than all the other chemical systems studied. SOA composition data from ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) was combined with mechanistic modeling using the Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO-A) to explore chemical mechanisms that could lead to this oligomer formation. Calculations based on composition data suggested that β-ocimene SOA was more viscous with a higher glass transition temperature than other SOA generated from acyclic terpene oxidation. This was attributed to a higher oligomeric content compared to other SOA systems studied. These results contribute to novel chemical insights about SOA formation from acyclic terpenes and relevant chemistry processes, highlighting the importance of improving underrepresented biogenic SOA formation in chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Farzaneh Khalaj
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Veronique Perraud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Celia L Faiola
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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2
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Lee WC, Liu P, Han Y, Martin ST, Kuwata M. Accounting for Cloud Nucleation Activation Mechanism of Secondary Organic Matter from α-Pinene Oxidation Using Experimentally Retrieved Water Solubility Distributions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13439-13448. [PMID: 37647587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of cloud droplets of aerosol particles from biogenic precursors plays a critical role in Earth's climate system. However, the molecular-level understanding of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation process for secondary organic matter (SOM) is still lacking. Here, we reduced the gap by segregating SOM from α-pinene based on water solubility. The chemical composition and CCN activity of the solubility-segregated fractions of SOM were measured. The results demonstrated for the first time by laboratory experiment that highly oxygenated compounds such as hydroperoxides and highly oxygenated organic molecules are important contributors for the CCN activity of α-pinene SOM. Meanwhile, relatively less water-soluble species were also abundant. Analysis based on the Köhler theory demonstrated that less water-soluble compounds in SOM remain undissolved during the cloud activation process, suggesting that the traditional single-parameter parameterization for CCN activation would not be sufficient for representing the process. In combination with the recent developments in SOM formation chemistry, the present study helps in understanding the interactions between the biosphere and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Lee
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- John A. Paulson School of Environment and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Environment and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yuemei Han
- John A. Paulson School of Environment and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Scot T Martin
- John A. Paulson School of Environment and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mikinori Kuwata
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Programme, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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3
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Dada L, Stolzenburg D, Simon M, Fischer L, Heinritzi M, Wang M, Xiao M, Vogel AL, Ahonen L, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Baccarini A, Baltensperger U, Bianchi F, Daellenbach KR, DeVivo J, Dias A, Dommen J, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Hoyle CR, Kangasluoma J, Kim C, Kürten A, Kvashnin A, Mauldin R, Makhmutov V, Marten R, Mentler B, Nie W, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Saathoff H, Tauber C, Tome A, Molteni U, Volkamer R, Wagner R, Wagner AC, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Yan C, Zha Q, Rissanen M, Gordon H, Curtius J, Worsnop DR, Lehtipalo K, Donahue NM, Kirkby J, El Haddad I, Kulmala M. Role of sesquiterpenes in biogenic new particle formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5297. [PMID: 37682996 PMCID: PMC10491295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic vapors form new particles in the atmosphere, affecting global climate. The contributions of monoterpenes and isoprene to new particle formation (NPF) have been extensively studied. However, sesquiterpenes have received little attention despite a potentially important role due to their high molecular weight. Via chamber experiments performed under atmospheric conditions, we report biogenic NPF resulting from the oxidation of pure mixtures of β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, and isoprene, which produces oxygenated compounds over a wide range of volatilities. We find that a class of vapors termed ultralow-volatility organic compounds (ULVOCs) are highly efficient nucleators and quantitatively determine NPF efficiency. When compared with a mixture of isoprene and monoterpene alone, adding only 2% sesquiterpene increases the ULVOC yield and doubles the formation rate. Thus, sesquiterpene emissions need to be included in assessments of global aerosol concentrations in pristine climates where biogenic NPF is expected to be a major source of cloud condensation nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Physik, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impact, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jenna DeVivo
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Antonio Dias
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksander Kvashnin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roy Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wei Nie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Lauriane L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Tome
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Andrea C. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | | | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Chemistry Department, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hamish Gordon
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
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4
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Hyttinen N, Pihlajamäki A, Häkkinen H. Machine Learning for Predicting Chemical Potentials of Multifunctional Organic Compounds in Atmospherically Relevant Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9928-9933. [PMID: 36259771 PMCID: PMC9619930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have trained the Extreme Minimum Learning Machine (EMLM) machine learning model to predict chemical potentials of individual conformers of multifunctional organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The model is able to predict chemical potentials of molecules that are in the size range of the training data with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.5 kcal/mol. There is also a linear correlation between calculated and predicted chemical potentials of molecules that are larger than those included in the training set. Finding the lowest chemical potential conformers is useful in condensed phase thermodynamic property calculations, in order to reduce the number of computationally demanding density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antti Pihlajamäki
- Department
of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department
of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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5
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Skyttä A, Gao J, Cai R, Ehn M, Ahonen LR, Kurten T, Wang Z, Rissanen MP, Kangasluoma J. Isomer-Resolved Mobility-Mass Analysis of α-Pinene Ozonolysis Products. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5040-5049. [PMID: 35862553 PMCID: PMC9358649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are important sources of atmospheric aerosols. Resolving the molecular-level formation mechanisms of these HOMs from freshly emitted hydrocarbons improves the understanding of aerosol properties and their influence on the climate. In this study, we measure the electrical mobility and mass-to-charge ratio of α-pinene oxidation products using a secondary electrospray-differential mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer (SESI-DMA-MS). The mass-mobility spectrum of the oxidation products is measured with seven different reagent ions generated by the electrospray. We analyzed the mobility-mass spectra of the oxidation products C9-10H14-18O2-6. Our results show that acetate and chloride yield the highest charging efficiencies. Analysis of the mobility spectra suggests that the clusters have 1-5 isomeric structures (i.e., ion-molecule cluster structures with distinct mobilities), and the number is affected by the reagent ion. Most of the isomers are likely cluster isomers originating from binding of the reagent ion to different sites of the molecule. By comparing the number of observed isomers and measured mobilities and collision cross sections between standard pinanediol and pinonic acid to the values observed for C10H18O2 and C10H16O3 produced from oxidation of α-pinene, we confirm that pinanediol and pinonic acid are the only isomers for these elemental compositions in our experimental conditions. Our study shows that the SESI-DMA-MS produces new information from the first steps of oxidation of α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Skyttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri R Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Fan W, Chen T, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Yin D. A review of secondary organic aerosols formation focusing on organosulfates and organic nitrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128406. [PMID: 35149506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are crucial constitution of fine particulate matter (PM), which are mainly derived from photochemical oxidation products of primary organic matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and can induce terrible impacts to human health, air quality and climate change. As we know, organosulfates (OSs) and organic nitrates (ON) are important contributors for SOA formation, which could be possibly produced through various pathways, resulting in extremely complex formation mechanism of SOA. Although plenty of research has been focused on the origins, spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of SOA, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of SOA formation in the atmosphere remains to be detailed explored, especially the most important OSs and ON dedications. Thus, in this review, we systematically summarize the recent research about origins and formation mechanisms of OSs and ON, and especially focus on their contribution to SOA, so as to have a clearer understanding of the origin, spatial distribution and formation principle of SOA. Importantly, we interpret the complex interaction with coexistence effect of SOx and NOx on SOA formation, and emphasize the future insights for SOA research to expect a more comprehensive theory and practice to alleviate SOA burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulve Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
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7
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Shi X, Huang G, Yang D, Zhang Q, Zong W, Cheng J, Sui X, Yuan F, Wang W. Theoretical study of the formation and nucleation mechanism of highly oxygenated multi-functional organic compounds produced by α-pinene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146422. [PMID: 33770596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) derived from photochemical reactions of α-pinene, the most abundant monoterpene, have been considered as important precursors of biogenic particles. However, the specific reactions of HOMs remain largely unknown, especially the corresponding formation and nucleation mechanism in the nanoscale. In this study, we implemented quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the mechanism of the formation of HOM monomers/dimers by ozonolysis and autoxidation of α-pinene. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms of HOMs with different oxygen-to‑carbon (O/C) ratios and functional groups participating in neutral and ion-induced nucleation. The results show that the formation of HOMs is hardly affected by water, sulfuric acid and ions. In the ion-induced nucleation, HOM can dominate the initial nucleation steps; however, in the neutral nucleation, HOMs are more likely to participate in the growth stage. In addition, the nucleation ability of HOM has a bearing on the O/C ratio and the types of the functional groups. The current calculations provide valuable insight into the formation mechanism of the pure organic particles at low sulfuric acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Shi
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Guoxuanzi Huang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Dehui Yang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jiemin Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Xiao Sui
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Fanghui Yuan
- Rizhao Municipal Government Affairs Service Center, Rizhao 276800, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang K, Tong H, Huang RJ, Hoffmann T. The maximum carbonyl ratio (MCR) as a new index for the structural classification of secondary organic aerosol components. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9113. [PMID: 33908097 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Organic aerosols (OA) account for a large fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matter and thus are affecting climate and public health. Elucidation of the chemical composition of OA is the key for addressing the role of ambient fine particles at the atmosphere-biosphere interface and mass spectrometry is the main method to achieve this goal. METHODS High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is on its way to becoming one of the most prominent analytical techniques, also for the analysis of atmospheric aerosols. The combination of high mass resolution and accurate mass determination allows the elemental compositions of numerous compounds to be easily elucidated. Here a new parameter for the improved classification of OA is introduced - the maximum carbonyl ratio (MCR) - which is directly derived from the molecular composition and is particularly suitable for the identification and characterization of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). RESULTS The concept is exemplified by the analysis of ambient OA samples from two measurement sites (Hyytiälä, Finland; Beijing, China) and of laboratory-generated SOA based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Orbitrap MS. To interpret the results, MCR-Van Krevelen (VK) diagrams are generated for the different OA samples and the individual compounds are categorized into specific areas in the diagrams. The results show that the MCR index is a valuable parameter for representing atmospheric SOA components in composition and structure-dependent visualization tools such as VK diagrams. CONCLUSIONS The MCR index is suggested as a tool for a better characterization of the sources and the processing of atmospheric OA components based on HRMS data. Since the MCR contains information on the concentration of highly electrophilic organic compounds in particulate matter (PM) as well as on the concentration of organic (hydro)peroxides, the MCR could be a promising metric for identifying health-related particulate matter parameters by HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haijie Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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9
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Hyttinen N, Wolf M, Rissanen MP, Ehn M, Peräkylä O, Kurtén T, Prisle NL. Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Cyclohexene- and α-Pinene-Derived Highly Oxygenated Dimers Evaluated Using COSMO therm. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3726-3738. [PMID: 33885310 PMCID: PMC8154597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Oxidized
organic compounds are expected to contribute to secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) if they have sufficiently low volatilities.
We estimated saturation vapor pressures and activity coefficients
(at infinite dilution in water and a model water-insoluble organic
phase) of cyclohexene- and α-pinene-derived accretion products,
“dimers”, using the COSMOtherm19 program.
We found that these two property estimates correlate with the number
of hydrogen bond-donating functional groups and oxygen atoms in the
compound. In contrast, when the number of H-bond donors is fixed,
no clear differences are seen either between functional group types
(e.g., OH or OOH as H-bond donors) or the formation mechanisms (e.g.,
gas-phase radical recombination vs liquid-phase closed-shell esterification).
For the cyclohexene-derived dimers studied here, COSMOtherm19 predicts lower vapor pressures than the SIMPOL.1 group-contribution
method in contrast to previous COSMOtherm estimates
using older parameterizations and nonsystematic conformer sampling.
The studied dimers can be classified as low, extremely low, or ultra-low-volatility
organic compounds based on their estimated saturation mass concentrations.
In the presence of aqueous and organic aerosol particles, all of the
studied dimers are likely to partition into the particle phase and
thereby contribute to SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthieu Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Peräkylä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nønne L Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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10
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Ingram S, Rovelli G, Song YC, Topping D, Dutcher CS, Liu S, Nandy L, Shiraiwa M, Reid JP. Accurate Prediction of Organic Aerosol Evaporation Using Kinetic Multilayer Modeling and the Stokes-Einstein Equation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3444-3456. [PMID: 33861595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic aerosol can adopt a wide range of viscosities, from liquid to glass, depending on the local humidity. In highly viscous droplets, the evaporation rates of organic components are suppressed to varying degrees, yet water evaporation remains fast. Here, we examine the coevaporation of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), along with their solvating water, from aerosol particles levitated in a humidity-controlled environment. To better replicate the composition of secondary aerosol, nonvolatile organics were also present, creating a three-component diffusion problem. Kinetic modeling reproduced the evaporation accurately when the SVOCs were assumed to obey the Stokes-Einstein relation, and water was not. Crucially, our methodology uses previously collected data to constrain the time-dependent viscosity, as well as water diffusion coefficients, allowing it to be predictive rather than postdictive. Throughout the study, evaporation rates were found to decrease as SVOCs deplete from the particle, suggesting path function type behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ingram
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Young-Chul Song
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - David Topping
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Cari S Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shihao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lucy Nandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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11
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Tomaz S, Wang D, Zabalegui N, Li D, Lamkaddam H, Bachmeier F, Vogel A, Monge ME, Perrier S, Baltensperger U, George C, Rissanen M, Ehn M, El Haddad I, Riva M. Structures and reactivity of peroxy radicals and dimeric products revealed by online tandem mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33436593 PMCID: PMC7804243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic peroxy radicals (RO2) play a pivotal role in the degradation of hydrocarbons. The autoxidation of atmospheric RO2 radicals produces highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), including low-volatility ROOR dimers formed by bimolecular RO2 + RO2 reactions. HOMs can initiate and greatly contribute to the formation and growth of atmospheric particles. As a result, HOMs have far-reaching health and climate implications. Nevertheless, the structures and formation mechanism of RO2 radicals and HOMs remain elusive. Here, we present the in-situ characterization of RO2 and dimer structure in the gas-phase, using online tandem mass spectrometry analyses. In this study, we constrain the structures and formation pathway of several HOM-RO2 radicals and dimers produced from monoterpene ozonolysis, a prominent atmospheric oxidation process. In addition to providing insights into atmospheric HOM chemistry, this study debuts online tandem MS analyses as a unique approach for the chemical characterization of reactive compounds, e.g., organic radicals. Organic peroxy radicals play a pivotal role in producing highly oxygenated organic molecules but the formation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the authors show in-situ characterization of peroxy radicals and dimer structures in the gas-phase, using online tandem mass spectrometry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tomaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Nicolás Zabalegui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dandan Li
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Bachmeier
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, INAR /Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, INAR /Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France.
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12
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Kruza M, McFiggans G, Waring M, Wells J, Carslaw N. Indoor secondary organic aerosols: Towards an improved representation of their formation and composition in models. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT: X 2020; 240:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117784. [PMID: 33594348 PMCID: PMC7884095 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) indoors is one of the many consequences of the rich and complex chemistry that occurs therein. Given particulate matter has well documented health effects, we need to understand the mechanism for SOA formation indoors and its resulting composition. This study evaluates some uncertainties that exist in quantifying gas-to-particle partitioning of SOA-forming compounds using an indoor detailed chemical model. In particular, we investigate the impacts of using different methods to estimate compound vapour pressures as well as simulating the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) via auto-oxidation on SOA formation indoors. Estimation of vapour pressures for 136 α-pinene oxidation species by six investigated methods led to standard deviations of 28-216%. Inclusion of HOM formation improved model performance across three of the six assessed vapour pressure estimation methods when comparing against experimental data, particularly when the NO2 concentration was relatively high. We also explored the predicted SOA composition using two product classification methods, the first assuming the molecule is dominated by one functionality according to its name, and the second accounting for the fractional weighting of each functional group within a molecule. The SOA composition was dominated by the HOM species when the NO2-to-α-terpineol ratio was high for both product classification methods, as these conditions promoted formation of the nitrate radical and hence formation of HOM monomers. As the NO2-to-α-terpineol ratio decreased, peroxides and acids dominated the simple classification, whereas for the fractional classification, carbonyl and alcohol groups became more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kruza
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - G. McFiggans
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M.S. Waring
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J.R. Wells
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - N. Carslaw
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5NG, UK
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13
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Yan C, Nie W, Vogel AL, Dada L, Lehtipalo K, Stolzenburg D, Wagner R, Rissanen MP, Xiao M, Ahonen L, Fischer L, Rose C, Bianchi F, Gordon H, Simon M, Heinritzi M, Garmash O, Roldin P, Dias A, Ye P, Hofbauer V, Amorim A, Bauer PS, Bergen A, Bernhammer AK, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Buchholz A, Mazon SB, Canagaratna MR, Chen X, Ding A, Dommen J, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Frege C, Heyn C, Guida R, Hakala J, Heikkinen L, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kirkby J, Kontkanen J, Kürten A, Lawler MJ, Mai H, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Molteni U, Nichman L, Nieminen T, Nowak J, Ojdanic A, Onnela A, Pajunoja A, Petäjä T, Piel F, Quéléver LLJ, Sarnela N, Schallhart S, Sengupta K, Sipilä M, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Väisänen O, Wagner AC, Ylisirniö A, Zha Q, Baltensperger U, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Riipinen I, Smith JN, Virtanen A, Winkler PM, Donahue NM, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M, Ehn M, Worsnop DR. Size-dependent influence of NO x on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay4945. [PMID: 32518819 PMCID: PMC7253163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - A. L. Vogel
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. Stolzenburg
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - R. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Fischer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Rose
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - F. Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - H. Gordon
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Simon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Heinritzi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O. Garmash
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Dias
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. Ye
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - V. Hofbauer
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - A. Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. S. Bauer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - A. Bergen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A.-K. Bernhammer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Breitenlechner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Brilke
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Buchholz
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - S. Buenrostro Mazon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - X. Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. C. Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J. Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Frege
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. Heyn
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R. Guida
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Hakala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Heikkinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - J. Kirkby
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Kürten
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. J. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H. Mai
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - R. L. Mauldin
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - U. Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Nichman
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - T. Nieminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Nowak
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - A. Ojdanic
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - A. Pajunoja
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - T. Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F. Piel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L. L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N. Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Schallhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - M. Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Tomé
- IDL Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J. Tröstl
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - O. Väisänen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - A. C. Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Ylisirniö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Q. Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Curtius
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. C. Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- IONICON GesmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I. Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A. Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - P. M. Winkler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - N. M. Donahue
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V.-M. Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Pospisilova V, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Bell DM, El Haddad I, Mohr C, Huang W, Heikkinen L, Xiao M, Dommen J, Prevot ASH, Baltensperger U, Slowik JG. On the fate of oxygenated organic molecules in atmospheric aerosol particles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax8922. [PMID: 32201715 PMCID: PMC7069715 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are formed from the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic gases and affect Earth's climate and air quality by their key role in particle formation and growth. While the formation of these molecules in the gas phase has been extensively studied, the complexity of organic aerosol (OA) and lack of suitable measurement techniques have hindered the investigation of their fate post-condensation, although further reactions have been proposed. We report here novel real-time measurements of these species in the particle phase, achieved using our recently developed extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF). Our results reveal that condensed-phase reactions rapidly alter OA composition and the contribution of HOMs to the particle mass. In consequence, the atmospheric fate of HOMs cannot be described solely in terms of volatility, but particle-phase reactions must be considered to describe HOM effects on the overall particle life cycle and global carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Tofwerk AG, 3600 Thun, Switzerland
| | - D. M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I. El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
| | - W. Huang
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - L. Heikkinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - M. Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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15
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The role of highly oxygenated organic molecules in the Boreal aerosol-cloud-climate system. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4370. [PMID: 31554809 PMCID: PMC6761173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over Boreal regions, monoterpenes emitted from the forest are the main precursors for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and the primary driver of the growth of new aerosol particles to climatically important cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Autoxidation of monoterpenes leads to rapid formation of Highly Oxygenated organic Molecules (HOM). We have developed the first model with near-explicit representation of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and HOM formation. The model can reproduce the observed NPF, HOM gas-phase composition and SOA formation over the Boreal forest. During the spring, HOM SOA formation increases the CCN concentration by ~10 % and causes a direct aerosol radiative forcing of −0.10 W/m2. In contrast, NPF reduces the number of CCN at updraft velocities < 0.2 m/s, and causes a direct aerosol radiative forcing of +0.15 W/m2. Hence, while HOM SOA contributes to climate cooling, NPF can result in climate warming over the Boreal forest. Forests emit compounds into the atmosphere that are oxidized into highly oxygenated molecules that serve as precursors for cloud condensation nuclei–a process that impacts the climate, but is poorly represented in models. Here the authors create a new model that accurately depicts highly oxygenated molecule and climate dynamics over Boreal forests.
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16
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Riva M, Ehn M, Li D, Tomaz S, Bourgain F, Perrier S, George C. CI-Orbitrap: An Analytical Instrument To Study Atmospheric Reactive Organic Species. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9419-9423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Riva
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. Li
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S. Tomaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Bourgain
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S. Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C. George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
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17
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Elm J. Unexpected Growth Coordinate in Large Clusters Consisting of Sulfuric Acid and C8H12O6 Tricarboxylic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3170-3175. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Bianchi F, Kurtén T, Riva M, Mohr C, Rissanen MP, Roldin P, Berndt T, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Mentel TF, Wildt J, Junninen H, Jokinen T, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Thornton JA, Donahue N, Kjaergaard HG, Ehn M. Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3472-3509. [PMID: 30799608 PMCID: PMC6439441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Highly
oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are formed in the atmosphere
via autoxidation involving peroxy radicals arising from volatile organic
compounds (VOC). HOM condense on pre-existing particles and can be
involved in new particle formation. HOM thus contribute to the formation
of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant and ubiquitous component
of atmospheric aerosol known to affect the Earth’s radiation
balance. HOM were discovered only very recently, but the interest
in these compounds has grown rapidly. In this Review, we define HOM
and describe the currently available techniques for their identification/quantification,
followed by a summary of the current knowledge on their formation
mechanisms and physicochemical properties. A main aim is to provide
a common frame for the currently quite fragmented literature on HOM
studies. Finally, we highlight the existing gaps in our understanding
and suggest directions for future HOM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory , University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- IRCELYON, CNRS University of Lyon , Villeurbanne 69626 , France
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 11418 , Sweden
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics , Lund University , Lund 22100 , Sweden
| | - Torsten Berndt
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Thomas F Mentel
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, IEK-8 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Wildt
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, IEK-8 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , Tartu 50090 , Estonia
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory , University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Neil Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cøpenhagen , Cøpenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
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19
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Rissanen MP. NO 2 Suppression of Autoxidation-Inhibition of Gas-Phase Highly Oxidized Dimer Product Formation. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2018; 2:1211-1219. [PMID: 30488044 PMCID: PMC6251564 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) leads to prompt formation of highly oxidized multifunctional compounds (HOM) that have been found crucial in forming ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA). As a radical chain reaction mediated by oxidized peroxy (RO2) and alkoxy (RO) radical intermediates, the formation pathways can be intercepted by suitable reaction partners, preventing the production of the highest oxidized reaction products, and thus the formation of the most condensable material. Commonly, NO is expected to have a detrimental effect on RO2 chemistry, and thus on autoxidation, whereas the influence of NO2 is mostly neglected. Here it is shown by dedicated flow tube experiments, how high concentration of NO2 suppresses cyclohexene ozonolysis initiated autoxidation chain reaction. Importantly, the addition of NO2 ceases covalently bound dimer production, indicating their production involving acylperoxy radical (RC(O)OO•) intermediates. In related experiments NO was also shown to strongly suppress the highly oxidized product formation, but due to possibility for chain propagating reactions (as with RO2 and HO2 too), the suppression is not as absolute as with NO2. Furthermore, it is shown how NO x reactions with oxidized peroxy radicals lead into indistinguishable product compositions, complicating mass spectral assignments in any RO2 + NO x system. The present work was conducted with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) as the detection method for the highly oxidized end-products and peroxy radical intermediates, under ambient conditions and at short few second reaction times. Specifically, the insight was gained by addition of a large amount of NO2 (and NO) to the oxidation system, upon which acylperoxy radicals reacted in RC(O)O2 + NO2 → RC(O)O2NO2 reaction to form peroxyacylnitrates, consequently shutting down the oxidation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric
and Earth System Research (INAR), University
of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Kildgaard JV, Mikkelsen KV, Bilde M, Elm J. Hydration of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters II: Organic Acid–Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8549-8556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Vive Kildgaard
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, DTU Energy, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Robust metric for quantifying the importance of stochastic effects on nanoparticle growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14160. [PMID: 30242199 PMCID: PMC6154961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive representation of nanoparticle dynamics is necessary for understanding nucleation and growth phenomena. This is critical in atmospheric physics, as airborne particles formed from vapors have significant but highly uncertain effects on climate. While the vapor–particle mass exchange driving particle growth can be described by a macroscopic, continuous substance for large enough particles, the growth dynamics of the smallest nanoparticles involve stochastic fluctuations in particle size due to discrete molecular collision and decay processes. To date, there have been no generalizable methods for quantifying the particle size regime where the discrete effects become negligible and condensation models can be applied. By discrete simulations of sub-10 nm particle populations, we demonstrate the importance of stochastic effects in the nanometer size range. We derive a novel, theory-based, simple and robust metric for identifying the exact sizes where these effects cannot be omitted for arbitrary molecular systems. The presented metric, based on examining the second- and first-order derivatives of the particle size distribution function, is directly applicable to experimental size distribution data. This tool enables quantifying the onset of condensational growth without prior information on the properties of the vapors and particles, thus allowing robust experimental resolving of nanoparticle formation physics.
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22
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Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9122-9127. [PMID: 30154167 PMCID: PMC6140529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807604115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol particles can form and grow by gas-to-particle conversion and eventually act as seeds for cloud droplets, influencing global climate. Volatile organic compounds emitted from plants are oxidized in the atmosphere, and the resulting products drive particle growth. We measure particle growth by oxidized biogenic vapors with a well-controlled laboratory setup over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures. While higher temperatures lead to increased reaction rates and concentrations of highly oxidized molecules, lower temperatures allow additional, but less oxidized, species to condense. We measure rapid growth over the full temperature range of our study, indicating that organics play an important role in aerosol growth throughout the troposphere. Our finding will help to sharpen the predictions of global aerosol models. Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes <10 nm, where coagulation losses to larger aerosol particles are greatest. Recent results show that some oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds are major contributors to particle formation and initial growth. However, whether oxidized organics contribute to particle growth over the broad span of tropospheric temperatures remains an open question, and quantitative mass balance for organic growth has yet to be demonstrated at any temperature. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), we show that rapid growth of organic particles occurs over the range from −25 °C to 25 °C. The lower extent of autoxidation at reduced temperatures is compensated by the decreased volatility of all oxidized molecules. This is confirmed by particle-phase composition measurements, showing enhanced uptake of relatively less oxygenated products at cold temperatures. We can reproduce the measured growth rates using an aerosol growth model based entirely on the experimentally measured gas-phase spectra of oxidized organic molecules obtained from two complementary mass spectrometers. We show that the growth rates are sensitive to particle curvature, explaining widespread atmospheric observations that particle growth rates increase in the single-digit-nanometer size range. Our results demonstrate that organic vapors can contribute to particle growth over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures from molecular cluster sizes onward.
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23
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Reid JP, Bertram AK, Topping DO, Laskin A, Martin ST, Petters MD, Pope FD, Rovelli G. The viscosity of atmospherically relevant organic particles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:956. [PMID: 29511168 PMCID: PMC5840428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of organic aerosol particles in the environment has been long established, influencing cloud formation and lifetime, absorbing and scattering sunlight, affecting atmospheric composition and impacting on human health. Conventionally, ambient organic particles were considered to exist as liquids. Recent observations in field measurements and studies in the laboratory suggest that they may instead exist as highly viscous semi-solids or amorphous glassy solids under certain conditions, with important implications for atmospheric chemistry, climate and air quality. This review explores our understanding of aerosol particle phase, particularly as identified by measurements of the viscosity of organic particles, and the atmospheric implications of phase state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Manchester, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David O Topping
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Markus D Petters
- Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Manchester, BS8 1TS, UK
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24
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Hirvonen V, Myllys N, Kurtén T, Elm J. Closed-Shell Organic Compounds Might Form Dimers at the Surface of Molecular Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1771-1780. [PMID: 29364673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of covalently bound dimer formation is studied using high-level quantum chemical methods. Reaction free energy profiles for dimer formation between common oxygen-containing functional groups are calculated, and based on the Gibbs free energy differences between transition states and reactants, we show that none of the studied two-component gas-phase reactions are kinetically feasible at 298.15 K and 1 atm. Therefore, the catalyzing effect of water, base, or acid molecules is calculated, and sulfuric acid is identified to lower the activation free energies significantly. We find that the reactions yielding hemiacetal, peroxyhemiacetal, α-hydroxyester, and geminal diol products occur with activation free energies of less than 10 kcal/mol with sulfuric acid as a catalyst, indicating that these reactions could potentially take place on the surface of sulfuric acid clusters. Additionally, the formed dimer products bind stronger onto the pre-existing cluster than the corresponding reagent monomers do. This implies that covalent dimerization reactions stabilize the existing cluster thermodynamically and make it less likely to evaporate. However, the studied small organic compounds, which contain only one functional group, are not able to form dimer products that are stable against evaporation at atmospheric conditions. Calculations of dimer formation onto a cluster surface and the clustering ability of dimer products should be extended to large terpene oxidation products in order to estimate the real atmospheric significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Hirvonen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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25
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Bzdek BR, Reid JP. Perspective: Aerosol microphysics: From molecules to the chemical physics of aerosols. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:220901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Bzdek
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,
United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,
United Kingdom
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26
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Krechmer JE, Day DA, Ziemann PJ, Jimenez JL. Direct Measurements of Gas/Particle Partitioning and Mass Accommodation Coefficients in Environmental Chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11867-11875. [PMID: 28858497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are a major contributor to fine particulate mass and wield substantial influences on the Earth's climate and human health. Despite extensive research in recent years, many of the fundamental processes of SOA formation and evolution remain poorly understood. Most atmospheric aerosol models use gas/particle equilibrium partitioning theory as a default treatment of gas-aerosol transfer, despite questions about potentially large kinetic effects. We have conducted fundamental SOA formation experiments in a Teflon environmental chamber using a novel method. A simple chemical system produces a very fast burst of low-volatility gas-phase products, which are competitively taken up by liquid organic seed particles and Teflon chamber walls. Clear changes in the species time evolution with differing amounts of seed allow us to quantify the particle uptake processes. We reproduce gas- and aerosol-phase observations using a kinetic box model, from which we quantify the aerosol mass accommodation coefficient (α) as 0.7 on average, with values near unity especially for low volatility species. α appears to decrease as volatility increases. α has historically been a very difficult parameter to measure with reported values varying over 3 orders of magnitude. We use the experimentally constrained model to evaluate the correction factor (Φ) needed for chamber SOA mass yields due to losses of vapors to walls as a function of species volatility and particle condensational sink. Φ ranges from 1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Krechmer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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27
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Ehn M, Berndt T, Wildt J, Mentel T. Highly Oxygenated Molecules from Atmospheric Autoxidation of Hydrocarbons: A Prominent Challenge for Chemical Kinetics Studies. INT J CHEM KINET 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Ehn
- Department of Physics; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Torsten Berndt
- Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS); 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jürgen Wildt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2); Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Thomas Mentel
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-8); Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
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28
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Toivola M, Prisle NL, Elm J, Waxman EM, Volkamer R, Kurtén T. Can COSMOTherm Predict a Salting in Effect? J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6288-6295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martta Toivola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nønne L. Prisle
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eleanor M. Waxman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Topping D, Riipinen I, Percival C, Bannan T. Response to Comment on "Measured Saturation Vapor Pressures of Phenolic and Nitro-Aromatic Compounds". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7744-7745. [PMID: 28613851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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30
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Petters SS, Pagonis D, Claflin MS, Levin EJT, Petters MD, Ziemann PJ, Kreidenweis SM. Hygroscopicity of Organic Compounds as a Function of Carbon Chain Length and Carboxyl, Hydroperoxy, and Carbonyl Functional Groups. J Phys Chem A 2017. [PMID: 28621942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Suda Petters
- Department
of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1371, United States
| | - Demetrios Pagonis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, United States
| | - Megan S. Claflin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, United States
| | - Ezra J. T. Levin
- Department
of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1371, United States
| | - Markus D. Petters
- Department
of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, United States
| | - Paul J. Ziemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, United States
| | - Sonia M. Kreidenweis
- Department
of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1371, United States
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31
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Myllys N, Olenius T, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H, Riipinen I, Elm J. Effect of Bisulfate, Ammonia, and Ammonium on the Clustering of Organic Acids and Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4812-4824. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Myllys
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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32
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Elm J, Myllys N, Kurtén T. What Is Required for Highly Oxidized Molecules To Form Clusters with Sulfuric Acid? J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4578-4587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Møller KH, Tram CM, Kjaergaard HG. Side-by-Side Comparison of Hydroperoxide and Corresponding Alcohol as Hydrogen-Bond Donors. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2951-2959. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian H. Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Camilla Mia Tram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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34
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Barsanti KC, Kroll JH, Thornton JA. Formation of Low-Volatility Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: Recent Advancements and Insights. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1503-1511. [PMID: 28281761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation proceeds by bimolecular gas-phase oxidation reactions generating species that are sufficiently low in volatility to partition into the condensed phase. Advances in instrumentation have revealed that atmospheric SOA is less volatile and more oxidized than can be explained solely by these well-studied gas-phase oxidation pathways, supporting the role of additional chemical processes. These processes-autoxidation, accretion, and organic salt formation-can lead to exceedingly low-volatility species that recently have been identified in laboratory and field studies. Despite these new insights, the identities of the condensing species at the molecular level and the relative importance of the various formation processes remain poorly constrained. The thermodynamics of autoxidation, accretion, and organic salt formation can be described by equilibrium partitioning theory; a framework for which is presented here. This framework will facilitate the inclusion of such processes in model representations of SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley C Barsanti
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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35
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Jokinen T, Kontkanen J, Lehtipalo K, Manninen HE, Aalto J, Porcar-Castell A, Garmash O, Nieminen T, Ehn M, Kangasluoma J, Junninen H, Levula J, Duplissy J, Ahonen LR, Rantala P, Heikkinen L, Yan C, Sipilä M, Worsnop DR, Bäck J, Petäjä T, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M. Solar eclipse demonstrating the importance of photochemistry in new particle formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45707. [PMID: 28374761 PMCID: PMC5379550 DOI: 10.1038/srep45707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar eclipses provide unique possibilities to investigate atmospheric processes, such as new particle formation (NPF), important to the global aerosol load and radiative balance. The temporary absence of solar radiation gives particular insight into different oxidation and clustering processes leading to NPF. This is crucial because our mechanistic understanding on how NPF is related to photochemistry is still rather limited. During a partial solar eclipse over Finland in 2015, we found that this phenomenon had prominent effects on atmospheric on-going NPF. During the eclipse, the sources of aerosol precursor gases, such as sulphuric acid and nitrogen- containing highly oxidised organic compounds, decreased considerably, which was followed by a reduced formation of small clusters and nanoparticles and thus termination of NPF. After the eclipse, aerosol precursor molecule concentrations recovered and re-initiated NPF. Our results provide direct evidence on the key role of the photochemical production of sulphuric acid and highly oxidized organic compounds in maintaining atmospheric NPF. Our results also explain the rare occurrence of this phenomenon under dark conditions, as well as its seemingly weak connection with atmospheric ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen - PSI, Switzerland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Aalto
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station, Hyytiäläntie 124, FIN-35500 Korkeakoski, Finland
| | - Albert Porcar-Castell
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Garmash
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Levula
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station, Hyytiäläntie 124, FIN-35500 Korkeakoski, Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri R Ahonen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Rantala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liine Heikkinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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36
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Bannan TJ, Booth AM, Jones BT, O'Meara S, Barley MH, Riipinen I, Percival CJ, Topping D. Measured Saturation Vapor Pressures of Phenolic and Nitro-aromatic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3922-3928. [PMID: 28263597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic and nitro-aromatic compounds are extremely toxic components of atmospheric aerosol that are currently not well understood. In this Article, solid and subcooled-liquid-state saturation vapor pressures of phenolic and nitro-aromatic compounds are measured using Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) over a range of temperatures (298-318 K). Vapor pressure estimation methods, assessed in this study, do not replicate the observed dependency on the relative positions of functional groups. With a few exceptions, the estimates are biased toward predicting saturation vapor pressures that are too high, by 5-6 orders of magnitude in some cases. Basic partitioning theory comparisons indicate that overestimation of vapor pressures in such cases would cause us to expect these compounds to be present in the gas state, whereas measurements in this study suggest these phenolic and nitro-aromatic will partition into the condensed state for a wide range of ambient conditions if absorptive partitioning plays a dominant role. While these techniques might have both structural and parametric uncertainties, the new data presented here should support studies trying to ascertain the role of nitrogen containing organics on aerosol growth and human health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bannan
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - A Murray Booth
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Benjamin T Jones
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon O'Meara
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Mark H Barley
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl J Percival
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David Topping
- School of Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , 4.30 Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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37
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Faust JA, Wong JPS, Lee AKY, Abbatt JPD. Role of Aerosol Liquid Water in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Volatile Organic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1405-1413. [PMID: 28124902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A key mechanism for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation occurs when oxidation products of volatile organic compounds condense onto pre-existing particles. Here, we examine effects of aerosol liquid water (ALW) on relative SOA yield and composition from α-pinene ozonolysis and the photooxidation of toluene and acetylene by OH. Reactions were conducted in a room-temperature flow tube under low-NOx conditions in the presence of equivalent loadings of deliquesced (∼20 μg m-3 ALW) or effloresced (∼0.2 μg m-3 ALW) ammonium sulfate seeds at exactly the same relative humidity (RH = 70%) and state of wall conditioning. We found 13% and 19% enhancements in relative SOA yield for the α-pinene and toluene systems, respectively, when seeds were deliquesced rather than effloresced. The relative yield doubled in the acetylene system, and this enhancement was partially reversible upon drying the prepared SOA, which reduced the yield by 40% within a time scale of seconds. We attribute the high relative yield of acetylene SOA on deliquesced seeds to aqueous partitioning and particle-phase reactions of the photooxidation product glyoxal. The observed range of relative yields for α-pinene, toluene, and acetylene SOA on deliquesced and effloresced seeds suggests that ALW plays a complicated, system-dependent role in SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Faust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jenny P S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alex K Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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38
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Elm J, Myllys N, Olenius T, Halonen R, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H. Formation of atmospheric molecular clusters consisting of sulfuric acid and C8H12O6 tricarboxylic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4877-4886. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the structures and thermochemical properties of (MBTCA)1−3(H2SO4)1−4 atmospheric molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences
- Department of Physics
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences
- Department of Physics
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research
- Stockholm University
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Roope Halonen
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences
- Department of Physics
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences
- Department of Physics
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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39
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Elm J, Kristensen K. Basis set convergence of the binding energies of strongly hydrogen-bonded atmospheric clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1122-1133. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the first binding energy benchmark set at the CBS limit of strongly hydrogen bonded atmospheric molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences
- Department of Physics
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- qLEAP Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
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40
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Thomas WC, Dresser WD, Cortés DA, Elrod MJ. Gas Phase Oxidation of Campholenic Aldehyde and Solution Phase Reactivity of its Epoxide Derivative. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:168-180. [PMID: 27936731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rate constant for the OH reaction with campholenic aldehyde (CA) was measured using the flow tube-chemical ionization mass spectrometry method with a relative rate kinetics technique and was found to be (6.54 ± 0.52) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 100 Torr pressure and 298 K. A mechanism for the formation of the observed products was developed for both NO-free and NO-present conditions. On the basis of measurements of the pressure dependent yields of the products, between 5 and 20% of the CA oxidation at atmospheric pressure is predicted to lead to campholenic aldehyde epoxide (CAE). The aqueous solution reaction rate constants for CAE were determined via NMR spectroscopy and were found to be (2.241 ± 0.036) × 10-5 s-1 for neutral conditions and 0.0989 ± 0.0053 M-1 s-1 for acid-catalyzed conditions at 298 K. The products of the CAE aqueous solution reaction were identified as an isomer of CAE and the aldehyde group hydrated form of this isomer. Unlike the isoprene-derived epoxide, IEPOX, a nucleophilic addition mechanism was not observed. On the basis of the rate constants determined for CA and CAE, it is likely that these species are reactive on atmospherically relevant time scales in the gas and aerosol phases, respectively. The results of the present study largely support a previous supposition that α-pinene-derived secondary organic aerosol may be influenced by the multiphase processing of various intermediate species, including those with epoxide functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College , Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - William D Dresser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College , Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Diego A Cortés
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College , Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Matthew J Elrod
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College , Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
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