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Agbaje AO, Barker AR, Lewandowski AJ, Leeson P, Tuomainen TP. Accelerometer-based sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood with arterial stiffness and carotid IMT progression: A 13-year longitudinal study of 1339 children. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14132. [PMID: 38509836 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the longitudinal associations of sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from childhood with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). METHODS We studied 1339 children, aged 11 years from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK, followed up for 13 years. Accelerometer-based ST, LPA, and MVPA were assessed at ages 11, 15, and 24 years clinic visits. cfPWV and cIMT were measured with Vicorder and ultrasound, respectively, at ages 17 and 24 years. RESULTS Among 1339 [56.4% female] participants, mean ST increased from ages 11 through 24 years, while mean LPA and MVPA decreased. Persistently high ST tertile from childhood was associated with increased cfPWV progression, effect estimate 0.047 m/s; [(95% CI 0.005 to 0.090); p = 0.030], but not cIMT progression. Persistently high LPA tertile category was associated with decreased cfPWV progression in males -0.022 m/s; [(-0.028 to -0.017); p < 0.001] and females -0.027 m/s; [(-0.044 to -0.010); p < 0.001]. Cumulative LPA exposure decreased the odds of progressively worsening cfPWV [Odds ratio 0.994 (0.994-0.995); p < 0.0001] and cIMT. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was paradoxically associated with increased cfPWV progression in males 0.053 m/s; [(0.030 to 0.077); p < 0.001] and females 0.012 m/s; [(0.002 to 0.022); p = 0.016]. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was inversely associated with cIMT progression in females -0.017 mm; [(-0.026 to -0.009); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION LPA >3 h/day from childhood may attenuate progressively worsening vascular damage associated with increased ST in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Leeson
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Astero M, Rousu J. Learning symmetry-aware atom mapping in chemical reactions through deep graph matching. J Cheminform 2024; 16:46. [PMID: 38650016 PMCID: PMC11036715 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-024-00841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate atom mapping, which establishes correspondences between atoms in reactants and products, is a crucial step in analyzing chemical reactions. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end approach that formulates the atom mapping problem as a deep graph matching task. Our proposed model, AMNet (Atom Matching Network), utilizes molecular graph representations and employs various atom and bond features using graph neural networks to capture the intricate structural characteristics of molecules, ensuring precise atom correspondence predictions. Notably, AMNet incorporates the consideration of molecule symmetry, enhancing accuracy while simultaneously reducing computational complexity. The integration of the Weisfeiler-Lehman isomorphism test for symmetry identification refines the model's predictions. Furthermore, our model maps the entire atom set in a chemical reaction, offering a comprehensive approach beyond focusing solely on the main molecules in reactions. We evaluated AMNet's performance on a subset of USPTO reaction datasets, addressing various tasks, including assessing the impact of molecular symmetry identification, understanding the influence of feature selection on AMNet performance, and comparing its performance with the state-of-the-art method. The result reveals an average accuracy of 97.3% on mapped atoms, with 99.7% of reactions correctly mapped when the correct mapped atom is within the top 10 predicted atoms.Scientific contributionThe paper introduces a novel end-to-end deep graph matching model for atom mapping, utilizing molecular graph representations to capture structural characteristics effectively. It enhances accuracy by integrating symmetry detection through the Weisfeiler-Lehman test, reducing the number of possible mappings and improving efficiency. Unlike previous methods, it maps the entire reaction, not just main components, providing a comprehensive view. Additionally, by integrating efficient graph matching techniques, it reduces computational complexity, making atom mapping more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Astero
- Computer Science, Aalto University, Konemiehentie 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Juho Rousu
- Computer Science, Aalto University, Konemiehentie 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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Häyry M, Takala T. Theories or No Theories-Is Anything Evolving? Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2024; 33:151-157. [PMID: 37781781 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180123000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Häyry
- School of Business, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuija Takala
- School of Business, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Neimane-Šroma S, Durand M, Lintunen A, Aalto J, Robson TM. Shedding light on the increased carbon uptake by a boreal forest under diffuse solar radiation across multiple scales. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17275. [PMID: 38624252 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Solar radiation is scattered by cloud cover, aerosols and other particles in the atmosphere, all of which are affected by global changes. Furthermore, the diffuse fraction of solar radiation is increased by more frequent forest fires and likewise would be if climate interventions such as stratospheric aerosol injection were adopted. Forest ecosystem studies predict that an increase in diffuse radiation would result in higher productivity, but ecophysiological data are required to identify the processes responsible within the forest canopy. In our study, the response of a boreal forest to direct, diffuse and heterogeneous solar radiation conditions was examined during the daytime in the growing season to determine how carbon uptake is affected by radiation conditions at different scales. A 10-year data set of ecosystem, shoot and forest floor vegetation carbon and water-flux data was examined. Ecosystem-level carbon assimilation was higher under diffuse radiation conditions in comparison with direct radiation conditions at equivalent total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). This was driven by both an increase in shoot and forest floor vegetation photosynthetic rate. Most notably, ecosystem-scale productivity was strongly related to the absolute amount of diffuse PAR, since it integrates both changes in total PAR and diffuse fraction. This finding provides a gateway to explore the processes by which absolute diffuse PAR enhances productivity, and the long-term persistence of this effect under scenarios of higher global diffuse radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Neimane-Šroma
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxime Durand
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Aalto
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UK National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK
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5
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Rydenfelt H. Pragmatism and Experimental Bioethics. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2024; 33:174-184. [PMID: 37332165 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180123000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pragmatism gained considerable attention in bioethical discussions in the early 21st century. However, some dimensions and contributions of pragmatism to bioethics remain underexplored in both research and practice. It is argued that pragmatism can make a distinctive contribution to bioethics through its concept, developed by Charles S. Peirce and John Dewey, that ethical issues can be resolved through experimental inquiry. Dewey's proposal that policies can be confirmed or disconfirmed through experimentation is developed by comparing it to the confirmation of scientific hypotheses, with a focus on the objection that the consequences of following a moral view or policy do not provide guidance on choosing among competing ethical perspectives. As confirmation of scientific hypotheses typically relies on evidence gathered from observation, the possibility of ethically relevant observation is then explored based on Peirce's views on feelings as emotional interpretants. Finally, the connection between Dewey's experimental ethics and democracy is outlined and compared to unfettered ethical progressivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Rydenfelt
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Rainio O, Teuho J, Klén R. Evaluation metrics and statistical tests for machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6086. [PMID: 38480847 PMCID: PMC10937649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on different machine learning (ML) has become incredibly popular during the past few decades. However, for some researchers not familiar with statistics, it might be difficult to understand how to evaluate the performance of ML models and compare them with each other. Here, we introduce the most common evaluation metrics used for the typical supervised ML tasks including binary, multi-class, and multi-label classification, regression, image segmentation, object detection, and information retrieval. We explain how to choose a suitable statistical test for comparing models, how to obtain enough values of the metric for testing, and how to perform the test and interpret its results. We also present a few practical examples about comparing convolutional neural networks used to classify X-rays with different lung infections and detect cancer tumors in positron emission tomography images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oona Rainio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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7
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Pyhäjärvi D, Söderberg CB. The straw that broke the nurse's back-Using psychological contract breach to understand why nurses leave. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38444207 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM To deepen our understanding of why nurses decide to leave their occupation instead of changing jobs, we examined the antecedents that led to this decision through the theoretical lens of psychological contract breach. DESIGN A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews. METHODS We collected 28 interviewees from our social networks and a social media platform. We included professional nurses who had decided to leave or had left the occupation. We analysed our data with reflexive thematic analysis, thereby giving space for the interviewee voices to rise. RESULTS We identified various experiences of dissonance between interviewee expectations and reality. The interviewees expressed unfulfilled expectations or psychological contract breaches in relation to their occupation on different levels and over extended time periods. The psychological contract breaches and decisions to leave the occupation were built up over time because of continuous disappointment and dissonance between expectations and reality. The frustration, dissonance and unfulfilled expectations were expressed towards the institution of nursing rather than a specific employer or organization. CONCLUSION Unfulfilled expectations over a longer period might cause psychological contract breach, leading to turnover intentions. Our research brings novel insights into the psychological contract, as our findings indicate that the psychological contract can be formed and breached, also between the employee and the occupation. This means that turnover intentions might result in nurses leaving the profession rather than seeking work in new organizations. IMPACT The study addresses the problem of nurse shortage by showing the root reasons for deciding to leave the occupation. Our findings show how psychological contract breaches over time erupt as turnover intentions regarding the occupation rather than a job. The results guide healthcare managers and decision-makers to recognize factors leading to a psychological contract breach, thereby enabling the retention of nurses. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Management and Organisation, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina B Söderberg
- Department of Management and Organisation, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland
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Ang JWL, Bongrand A, Duval S, Donnard J, Jolis EM, Utsunomiya S, Minomo K, Koivula R, Siitari-Kauppi M, Law GTW. Detecting radioactive particles in complex environmental samples using real-time autoradiography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5413. [PMID: 38443397 PMCID: PMC10915129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Radioactive particles often contain very high radioactivity concentrations and are widespread. They pose a potential risk to human health and the environment. Their detection, quantification, and characterization are crucial if we are to understand their impact. Here, we present the use of a real-time autoradiography gaseous detector (using parallel ionization multiplier) to expedite and improve the accuracy of radioactive particle screening in complex environmental samples. First, standard particles were used to assess the detector capabilities (spatial resolution, spectrometry, and artefact contributions), then, we applied the technique to more complex and environmentally relevant samples. The real-time autoradiography technique provides data with a spatial resolution (≲100 µm) suitable for particle analysis in complex samples. Further, it can differentiate between particles predominantly emitting alpha and beta radiation. Here, the technique is applied to radioactive cesium-rich microparticles collected from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear exclusion zone, showing their accurate detection, and demonstrating the viability of real-time autoradiography in environmental scenarios. Indeed, for more complex samples (radioactive particles in a less radioactive heterogeneous background mix of minerals), the technique permits relatively high selectivity for radioactive particle screening (up to 61.2% success rate) with low false positive percentages (~ 1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce W L Ang
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry Unit, The University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Singapore Nuclear Safety and Research Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Bongrand
- AI4R, 2 Rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France
- IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS, 44000, Nantes, SUBATECH, France
| | - Samuel Duval
- AI4R, 2 Rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ester M Jolis
- Circular Economy Solutions Research Laboratory, Geological Survey of Finland GTK, 02151, Espoo, Finland
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenta Minomo
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Risto Koivula
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry Unit, The University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Siitari-Kauppi
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry Unit, The University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry Unit, The University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Viinikainen J, Böckerman P, Willage B, Elovainio M, Kari JT, Lehtimäki T, Pehkonen J, Pitkänen N, Raitakari O. Effect of weight on depression using multiple genetic instruments. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297594. [PMID: 38394117 PMCID: PMC10889664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A striking global health development over the past few decades has been the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. At the same time, depression has become increasingly common in almost all high-income countries. We investigated whether body weight, measured by body mass index (BMI), has a causal effect on depression symptoms in Finland. Using data drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (N = 1,523, mean age 41.9, SD 5), we used linear regression to establish the relationship between BMI and depression symptoms measured by 21-item Beck's Depression Inventory. To identify causal relationships, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method with weighted sums of genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) as instruments for BMI. We employ instruments (polygenic risk scores, PGSs) with varying number of SNPs that are associated with BMI to evaluate the sensitivity of our results to instrument strength. Based on linear regressions, higher BMI was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms among females (b = 0.238, p = 0.000) and males (b = 0.117, p = 0.019). However, the MR results imply that the positive link applies only to females (b = 0.302, p = 0.007) but not to males (b = -0.070, p = 0.520). Poor instrument strength may explain why many previous studies that have utilized genetic instruments have been unable to identify a statistically significant link between BMI and depression-related traits. Although the number of genetic markers in the instrument had only a minor effect on the point estimates, the standard errors were much smaller when more powerful instruments were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Viinikainen
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Böckerman
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, Helsinki, Finland
- IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barton Willage
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado—Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana T. Kari
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Pehkonen
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Ruuska SM, Tuisku K, Holttinen T, Kaltiala R. All-cause and suicide mortalities among adolescents and young adults who contacted specialised gender identity services in Finland in 1996-2019: a register study. BMJ Ment Health 2024; 27:e300940. [PMID: 38367979 PMCID: PMC10875569 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-cause and suicide mortalities of gender-referred adolescents compared with matched controls have not been studied, and particularly the role of psychiatric morbidity in mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine all-cause and suicide mortalities in gender-referred adolescents and the impact of psychiatric morbidity on mortality. METHODS Finnish nationwide cohort of all <23 year-old gender-referred adolescents in 1996-2019 (n=2083) and 16 643 matched controls. Cox regression models with HRs and 95% CIs were used to analyse all-cause and suicide mortalities. FINDINGS Of the 55 deaths in the study population, 20 (36%) were suicides. In bivariate analyses, all-cause mortality did not statistically significantly differ between gender-referred adolescents and controls (0.5% vs 0.3%); however, the proportion of suicides was higher in the gender-referred group (0.3% vs 0.1%). The all-cause mortality rate among gender-referred adolescents (controls) was 0.81 per 1000 person-years (0.40 per 1000 person-years), and the suicide mortality rate was 0.51 per 1000 person-years (0.12 per 1000 person-years). However, when specialist-level psychiatric treatment was controlled for, neither all-cause nor suicide mortality differed between the two groups: HR for all-cause mortality among gender-referred adolescents was 1.0 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.0) and for suicide mortality was 1.8 (95% CI 0.6 to 4.8). CONCLUSIONS Clinical gender dysphoria does not appear to be predictive of all-cause nor suicide mortality when psychiatric treatment history is accounted for. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS It is of utmost importance to identify and appropriately treat mental disorders in adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria to prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami-Matti Ruuska
- Tampere University Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katinka Tuisku
- University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Holttinen
- Tampere University Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Tampere University Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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11
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Marten R, Xiao M, Wang M, Kong W, He XC, Stolzenburg D, Pfeifer J, Marie G, Wang DS, Elser M, Baccarini A, Lee CP, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Bell DM, Bertozzi B, Caudillo L, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Heinritzi M, Lampimäki M, Lehtipalo K, Manninen HE, Mentler B, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Philippov M, Rörup B, Scholz W, Shen J, Tham YJ, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Curtius J, Kulmala M, Volkamer R, Worsnop DR, Dommen J, Flagan RC, Kirkby J, McPherson Donahue N, Lamkaddam H, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer. Environ Sci Atmos 2024; 4:265-274. [PMID: 38371605 PMCID: PMC10867809 DOI: 10.1039/d3ea00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at -10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min-1 are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Weimeng Kong
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Miriam Elser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Atmospheric Processes and Their Impact, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA, FCUL, University of Lisbon 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 215 UCB Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00560 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospekt, 53 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - António Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior 6201-001 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 215 UCB Boulder 80309 CO USA
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 215 UCB Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Aerodyne Research 01821 Billerica MA USA
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Richard C Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Neil McPherson Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 1521 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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12
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Suulamo U, Remes H, Tarkiainen L, Murphy M, Martikainen P. Excess winter mortality in Finland, 1971-2019: a register-based study on long-term trends and effect modification by sociodemographic characteristics and pre-existing health conditions. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079471. [PMID: 38309756 PMCID: PMC10840061 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess winter mortality is a well-established phenomenon across the developed world. However, whether individual-level factors increase vulnerability to the effects of winter remains inadequately examined. Our aim was to assess long-term trends in excess winter mortality in Finland and estimate the modifying effect of sociodemographic and health characteristics on the risk of winter death. DESIGN Nationwide register study. SETTING Finland. PARTICIPANTS Population aged 60 years and over, resident in Finland, 1971-2019. OUTCOME MEASURES Age-adjusted winter and non-winter death rates, and winter-to-non-winter rate ratios and relative risks (multiplicative interaction effects between winter and modifying characteristics). RESULTS We found a decreasing trend in the relative winter excess mortality over five decades and a drop in the series around 2000. During 2000-2019, winter mortality rates for men and women were 11% and 14% higher than expected based on non-winter rates. The relative risk of winter death increased with age but did not vary by income. Compared with those living with at least one other person, individuals in institutions had a higher relative risk (1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.08). Most pre-existing health conditions did not predict winter death, but persons with dementia emerged at greater relative risk (1.06, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.07). CONCLUSIONS Although winter mortality seems to affect frail people more strongly-those of advanced age, living in institutions and with dementia-there is an increased risk even beyond the more vulnerable groups. Protection of high-risk groups should be complemented with population-level preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Suulamo
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
- International Max Planck Research School for Population, Health and Data Science, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hanna Remes
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Tarkiainen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Murphy
- The London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Social Policy, London, UK
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Pohjoranta E, Suhonen S, Mentula M, Gissler M, Heikinheimo O. Pregnancy outcomes following routine early provision of intrauterine device after first-trimester induced abortion-A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with a 5-year follow up. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:342-350. [PMID: 37983839 PMCID: PMC10823387 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women undergoing an induced abortion are highly fertile and at risk of subsequent unplanned pregnancy. We recently completed a randomized clinical trial showing that routine provision of intrauterine device (IUD) at the time of abortion significantly reduced the risk of subsequent abortion during a 5-year follow up. As the use of highly effective contraception may affect all subsequent pregnancies, we analyzed the rate and distribution of all subsequent pregnancies (deliveries, miscarriages, and abortions), and the risk factors for these various pregnancy outcomes in the above-mentioned randomized clinical trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled adult women requesting first-trimester induced abortion and candidates for IUD for post-abortion contraception. Women (n = 751) were randomized to receive an IUD (either levonorgestrel-releasing IUD or copper IUD) by the clinic responsible for abortion care vs. routine care of IUD provision in primary health care with oral contraceptives for interval contraception. In the present secondary analysis, we identified all deliveries, miscarriages, and abortions in the intervention (n = 375) and control (n = 373) cohorts during the 5-year follow up using the Finnish national registries. The trial is registered at Clinical Trials (NTC01223521). RESULTS The overall delivery, miscarriage, and abortion rates were 42.0, 12.0 and 32.1/1000 years of follow up (yFU). Any new pregnancy occurred in 98 women in the intervention and in 129 women in the control cohort (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.95, p = 0.023). The effect of routine IUD provision in reducing pregnancies was limited to the first 2 yFU. The number of subsequent induced abortions and of women undergoing it were significantly reduced, and time to abortion was prolonged by the intervention. However, the overall number, the number of women with subsequent delivery or miscarriage, and the times to these events were not significantly affected. History of previous pregnancy (delivery or abortion) and smoking were risk factors for subsequent induced abortion, but not for delivery or miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS Routine provision of IUD as part of abortion care did not reduce the rates of delivery or miscarriage during the 5-year follow up. The rates of all pregnancies and the need of subsequent induced abortion were reduced by IUD provision during the first 2 yFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Pohjoranta
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Satu Suhonen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit Mentula
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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14
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Tuomainen TV, Toljamo A, Kokko H, Nissi MJ. Non-invasive assessment and visualization of Phytophthora cactorum infection in strawberry crowns using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2129. [PMID: 38267614 PMCID: PMC10808117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora cactorum is an oomycete species that causes enormous losses on horticultural crops, including strawberries. The purpose of this work was to investigate the alterations caused by P. cactorum inoculation in hydroponically grown strawberry plantlets (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI). It was observed that with MRI, spatial and temporal progression of the infection could be observed in the crown using quantitative MR parameters, namely relaxation time maps. Relaxation times are numeric subject-specific properties that describe the MR signal behavior in an examined anatomical region. Elevated [Formula: see text] relaxation time values were observed inside the infected plant crowns with respect to the healthy references. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values of healthy plants were small in the crown region and further diminished during the development of the plant. Furthermore, elevated [Formula: see text] relaxation time values were seen in regions where P. cactorum progression was observed in corresponding plant dissection photographs. Quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) were calculated to estimate the local magnetic field inhomogeneities. The QSM suggests magnetic susceptibility differences near the center of the pith. This study provides novel non-invasive information on the structure and development of strawberry plants and the effects caused by the P. cactorum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Valtteri Tuomainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Toljamo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harri Kokko
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Johannes Nissi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Charman RSC, Evans NJ, English LE, Neale SE, Vasko P, Mahon MF, Liptrot DJ. The structures and reactivity of NHC-supported copper(i) triphenylgermyls. Chem Sci 2024; 15:584-593. [PMID: 38179511 PMCID: PMC10763552 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05862j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Deprotonation of triphenyl germane with NHC-supported copper alkoxides afforded four novel (NHC)CuGePh3 complexes. Of these, (IPr)CuGePh3 (IPr = :C{N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)CH}2) was selected for further investigation. Analysis by EDA-NOCV indicates it to be a germyl nucleophile and its σ-bond metathesis reaction with a range of p-block halides confirmed it to be a convenient source of [Ph3Ge]-. The Cu-Ge bond of (IPr)CuGePh3 underwent π-bond insertions with tBuNCS, CS2, and PhNCO to furnish a series of germyl substituted carboxylate derivatives, (IPr)CuXC(Y)GePh3 (X = S, NPh; Y = S, NtBu, O), which were structurally characterised. (IPr)CuGePh3 inserted phenyl acetylene, providing both the Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov products. The (NHC)CuGePh3 compounds were validated as catalytic intermediates; addition of 10 mol% of NHC-copper(i) alkoxide to a mixture of triphenyl germane and a tin(iv) alkoxide resulted in a tin/germanium cross coupling with concomitant formation of alcohol. Moreover, a catalytic hydrogermylation of Michael acceptors was developed with Ph3GeH adding to 7 activated alkenes in good conversions and yields in the presence of 10 mol% of NHC-copper(i) alkoxide. In all cases, this reaction provided the β-germylated substrate implicating nucleophilicity at germanium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Laura E English
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technology Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Mary F Mahon
- X-Ray Crystallography Suite, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
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16
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Nekouei Marvi Langari M, Lindström J, Heponiemi T, Kaihlanen A, Hietapakka L, Heidarian Miri H, Turunen H. Integrated care competencies and their association with cross-cultural competence among registered nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2062. [PMID: 38268264 PMCID: PMC10840592 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between the integrated care competencies and cross-cultural competence of registered nurses prior to the integration of social and healthcare services in Finland. DESIGN A descriptive correlational cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. METHODS A simple random sample of 10,000 registered nurses was drawn from the Finnish Central Register of Valvira (National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health); 7000 of them were sent the online questionnaire, and a total of 1232 registered nurses participated in the study. We collected data using background questions, revised versions of the Competent Workforce for the Future tool in the four domains of client orientation, responsibility for personal or relative's welfare, fluency and clarity of services and access to the services and of the Cross-Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professional tool in the four domains of motivation/curiosity, attitude, skill and emotion/empathy. RESULTS Participants demonstrated a high level of integrated care competencies (mean = 4.00, SD ± 0.49). An association was observed between integrated care competencies and their domains of skills, motivation/curiosity, emotions/empathy, and cross-cultural competence (p < 0.001). Female sex, older age, more working experience, employment in the private sector, and higher self-rated competence for working in a multicultural environment were positively associated with higher integrated care competencies. CONCLUSION It is recommended that nurse managers and nurse educators emphasize the development of registered nurses' cross-cultural competence alongside integrated care competencies to meet the needs of different individuals and communities when providing integrated care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Finnish registered nurses including all types of nurses, midwives and paramedics working the public and private healthcare, were involved in this study by responding to the online survey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | | | | | - Hannele Turunen
- Department of Nursing ScienceUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
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17
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Savela RM, Nykänen I, Koponen S, Suominen AL, Schwab U, Välimäki T. Older family caregivers' diet-related disparities: Cross-sectional evidence from Finland. Int J Older People Nurs 2023; 18:e12570. [PMID: 37592405 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some older family caregivers experience financial vulnerabilities due to their caregiving role, which may affect their ability to afford appropriate food. This study aimed to assess the extent to which there are diet-related disparities among older family caregivers in Eastern Finland. METHODS This study is based on the multidisciplinary LifEstyle, NutriTion and Oral health in caregivers (LENTO) study. In total, 125 family caregivers were included. Data were collected between June and December 2019. Participants were assessed on health, nutritional status and sociodemographic factors. The associations and predictors of diet-related disparities were assessed using the independent samples t-test, ANOVA-test, χ2 -tests and binary logistic regression. RESULTS The mean age of family caregivers was 74 years (SD = 8). Most were female (72%), 20% had malnutrition risk and 30% reported having 'moderately enough money' or less, which was identified as 'subjective poverty'. Family caregivers experiencing subjective poverty were less likely to consume two or more portions of fruit and vegetables daily and were more likely overweight. Study participants' diet-related disparities were further associated with several health inequalities, including comorbidity, depression, diabetes (Type I or II) and osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Older family caregivers have diet-related disparities, further associated with health inequalities. Family caregivers' diet-related disparities require increasing attention in healthcare. Addressing family caregivers' food insecurity risk would enhance their health equity. Lack of assessment of diet-related disparities will only deepen health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roosa-Maria Savela
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irma Nykänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sohvi Koponen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Välimäki
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Feng J, Gabryelczyk B, Tunn I, Osmekhina E, Linder MB. A Minispidroin Guides the Molecular Design for Cellular Condensation Mechanisms in S. cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3050-3063. [PMID: 37688556 PMCID: PMC10594646 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural engineering of molecules for condensation is an emerging technique within synthetic biology. Liquid-liquid phase separation of biomolecules leading to condensation is a central step in the assembly of biological materials into their functional forms. Intracellular condensates can also function within cells in a regulatory manner to facilitate reaction pathways and to compartmentalize interactions. We need to develop a strong understanding of how to design molecules for condensates and how their in vivo-in vitro properties are related. The spider silk protein NT2RepCT undergoes condensation during its fiber-forming process. Using parallel in vivo and in vitro characterization, in this study, we mapped the effects of intracellular conditions for NT2RepCT and its several structural variants. We found that intracellular conditions may suppress to some extent condensation whereas molecular crowding affects both condensate properties and their formation. Intracellular characterization of protein condensation allowed experiments on pH effects and solubilization to be performed within yeast cells. The growth of intracellular NT2RepCT condensates was restricted, and Ostwald ripening was not observed in yeast cells, in contrast to earlier observations in E. coli. Our results lead the way to using intracellular condensation to screen for properties of molecular assembly. For characterizing different structural variants, intracellular functional characterization can eliminate the need for time-consuming batch purification and in vitro condensation. Therefore, we suggest that the in vivo-in vitro understanding will become useful in, e.g., high-throughput screening for molecular functions and in strategies for designing tunable intracellular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Feng
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering and Academy of Finland
Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Bartosz Gabryelczyk
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering and Academy of Finland
Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Isabell Tunn
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering and Academy of Finland
Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Osmekhina
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering and Academy of Finland
Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Markus B. Linder
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering and Academy of Finland
Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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19
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Valtonen J, Lewis B. The Brain Disorders Debate, Chekhov, and Mental Health Humanities. J Med Humanit 2023; 44:291-309. [PMID: 36961674 PMCID: PMC10491527 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-023-09786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary brain disorders debate echoes a century-long conflict between two different approaches to mental suffering: one that relies on natural sciences and another drawing from the arts and humanities. We review contemporary neuroimaging studies and find that neither side has won. The study of mental differences needs both the sciences and the arts and humanities. To help develop an approach mindful of both, we turn to physician-writer Anton Chekhov's story "A Nervous Breakdown." We review the value of the arts and humanities as a coequal partner with natural sciences in the creation of a robust mental health humanities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Valtonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
- Theatre Academy, University of the Arts Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Bradley Lewis
- Gallatin School of Individualized Study, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Ghazy A, Lastusaari M, Karppinen M. Excitation Wavelength Engineering through Organic Linker Choice in Luminescent Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposited Lanthanide-Organic Thin Films. Chem Mater 2023; 35:5988-5995. [PMID: 37576583 PMCID: PMC10413854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate multiple roles for the organic linker in luminescent lanthanide-organic thin films grown with the strongly emerging atomic/molecular layer deposition technique. Besides rendering the hybrid thin film mechanically flexible and keeping the lanthanide nodes at a distance adequate to avoid concentration quenching, the organic moieties can act as efficient sensitizers for the lanthanide luminescence. We investigate six different aromatic organic precursors in combination with Eu3+ ions to reveal that by introducing different nitrogen species within the aromatic ring, it is possible to extend the excitation wavelength area from the UV range to the visible range. This opens new horizons for the application space of these efficiently photoluminescent thin-film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghazy
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Mika Lastusaari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
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21
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Pekkarinen L, Kantonen T, Oikonen V, Haaparanta-Solin M, Aarnio R, Dickens AM, von Eyken A, Latva-Rasku A, Dadson P, Kirjavainen AK, Rajander J, Kalliokoski K, Rönnemaa T, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Lower abdominal adipose tissue cannabinoid type 1 receptor availability in young men with overweight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1844-1858. [PMID: 37368516 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R) modulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, and the CB1R tone is dysgulated in obesity. This study aimed to investigate CB1R availability in peripheral tissue and brain in young men with overweight versus lean men. METHODS Healthy males with high (HR, n = 16) or low (LR, n = 20) obesity risk were studied with fluoride 18-labeled FMPEP-d2 positron emission tomography to quantify CB1R availability in abdominal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, muscle, and brain. Obesity risk was assessed by BMI, physical exercise habits, and familial obesity risk, including parental overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. To assess insulin sensitivity, fluoro-[18 F]-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tomography during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed. Serum endocannabinoids were analyzed. RESULTS CB1R availability in abdominal adipose tissue was lower in the HR than in the LR group, whereas no difference was found in other tissues. CB1R availability of abdominal adipose tissue and brain correlated positively with insulin sensitivity and negatively with unfavorable lipid profile, BMI, body adiposity, and inflammatory markers. Serum arachidonoyl glycerol concentration was associated with lower CB1R availability of the whole brain, unfavorable lipid profile, and higher serum inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest endocannabinoid dysregulation already in the preobesity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alex M Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annie von Eyken
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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22
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Hellström H, Liedes J, Rainio O, Malaspina S, Kemppainen J, Klén R. Classification of head and neck cancer from PET images using convolutional neural networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10528. [PMID: 37386289 PMCID: PMC10310830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying positron emission tomography (PET) images of patients with and without head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other types of head and neck cancer. A PET/magnetic resonance imaging scan with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) was performed for 200 head and neck cancer patients, 182 of which were diagnosed with HNSCC, and the location of cancer tumors was marked to the images with a binary mask by a medical doctor. The models were trained and tested with five-fold cross-validation with the primary data set of 1990 2D images obtained by dividing the original 3D images of 178 HNSCC patients into transaxial slices and with an additional test set with 238 images from the patients with head and neck cancer other than HNSCC. A shallow and a deep CNN were built by using the U-Net architecture for classifying the data into two groups based on whether an image contains cancer or not. The impact of data augmentation on the performance of the two CNNs was also considered. According to our results, the best model for this task in terms of area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) is a deep augmented model with a median AUC of 85.1%. The four models had highest sensitivity for HNSCC tumors on the root of the tongue (median sensitivities of 83.3-97.7%), in fossa piriformis (80.2-93.3%), and in the oral cavity (70.4-81.7%). Despite the fact that the models were trained with only HNSCC data, they had also very good sensitivity for detecting follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland (91.7-100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Hellström
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Liedes
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Oona Rainio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Simona Malaspina
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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23
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Abstract
Sustainability, properly understood, is an existential moral ideal. The United Nations, however, defines it in terms of 17 indivisible sustainable development goals. This definition changes the core idea of the concept. It turns sustainability from a moral ideal into a set of economy-based political aspirations. The European Union's bioeconomy strategy demonstrates the shift aptly and reveals its main problem. When economy is prioritized, social and ecological concerns become secondary. This has been the United Nations line since the Brundtland Commission's report, Our Common Future in 1987. Considerations of justice illustrate the inadequacy of the approach. Equality and justice require that all those affected by decisions are heard in making them. Under the current operationalization, decisions related to the natural environment and climate change are currently being made without hearing voices that advocate deeper social and ecological equality. After an explication of the problem and the state of the art as outlined above, a new notion of justainability is introduced and it is argued that assuming it would be a step in the right direction in taking also noneconomic values properly into account in international decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Takala
- Department of Management Studies, Aalto University School of Business,Espoo, Finland
| | - Matti Häyry
- Department of Management Studies, Aalto University School of Business,Espoo, Finland
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24
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Ang JWL, Bongrand A, Duval S, Donnard J, Parkkonen J, Utsunomiya S, Koivula R, Siitari-Kauppi M, Law GTW. Improved Radio-Cesium Detection Using Quantitative Real-Time Autoradiography. ACS Omega 2023; 8:22523-22535. [PMID: 37396268 PMCID: PMC10308591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cesium-134 and -137 are prevalent, long-lived, radio-toxic contaminants released into the environment during nuclear accidents. Large quantities of insoluble, respirable Cs-bearing microparticles (CsMPs) were released into the environment during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. Monitoring for CsMPs in environmental samples is essential to understand the impact of nuclear accidents. The current detection method used to screen for CsMPs (phosphor screen autoradiography) is slow and inefficient. We propose an improved method: real-time autoradiography that uses parallel ionization multiplier gaseous detectors. This technique permits spatially resolved measurement of radioactivity while providing spectrometric data from spatially heterogeneous samples-a potential step-change technique for use after nuclear accidents for forensic analysis. With our detector configuration, the minimum detectable activities are sufficiently low for detecting CsMPs. Further, for environmental samples, sample thickness does not detrimentally affect detector signal quality. The detector can measure and resolve individual radioactive particles ≥465 μm apart. Real-time autoradiography is a promising tool for radioactive particle detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce W. L. Ang
- Radiochemistry
Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Singapore
Nuclear Safety and Research Initiative, National University of Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Arthur Bongrand
- AI4R, 2 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307 Nantes, France
- IMT
Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS, SUBATECH, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Samuel Duval
- AI4R, 2 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307 Nantes, France
| | | | - Joni Parkkonen
- Department
of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40500, Finland
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Risto Koivula
- Radiochemistry
Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marja Siitari-Kauppi
- Radiochemistry
Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gareth T. W. Law
- Radiochemistry
Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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25
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Meriläinen M, Ruotsalainen M. The light, the dark, and everything else: making sense of young people's digital gaming. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1164992. [PMID: 37388650 PMCID: PMC10306168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether gaming has a beneficial or detrimental effect on young people's lives is a defining feature in both the research and the public discussion of youth digital gaming. In this qualitative study, we draw from a thematic analysis of the experiences of 180 game players in Finland, aged 15-25 years. Utilizing the digital gaming relationship (DGR) theory, we explore how different aspects of gaming actualize in their lives, and how different features of gaming culture participation come together to form their experience. We contend that framing gaming as a balancing act between beneficial and detrimental obscures much of the complexity of young people's gaming, reinforces a partially false dichotomy, and overlooks young people's agency. Based on our results, we suggest alternative approaches that help reduce and avoid these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ruotsalainen
- Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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26
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Fernández-Catalá J, Singh H, Wang S, Huhtinen H, Paturi P, Bai Y, Cao W. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ni 3TeO 6 and Cu 3TeO 6 Nanostructures for Magnetic and Photoconductivity Applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:4887-4897. [PMID: 37006912 PMCID: PMC10043876 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite great attention toward transition metal tellurates especially M3TeO6 (M = transition metal) in magnetoelectric applications, control on single phasic morphology-oriented growth of these tellurates at the nanoscale is still missing. Herein, a hydrothermal synthesis is performed to synthesize single-phased nanocrystals of two metal tellurates, i.e., Ni3TeO6 (NTO with average particle size ∼37 nm) and Cu3TeO6 (CTO ∼ 140 nm), using NaOH as an additive. This method favors the synthesis of pure NTO and CTO nanoparticles without the incorporation of Na at pH = 7 in MTO crystal structures such as Na2M2TeO6, as it happens in conventional synthesis approaches such as solid-state reaction and/or coprecipitation. Systematic characterization techniques utilizing in-house and synchrotron-based characterization methods for the morphological, structural, electronic, magnetic, and photoconductivity properties of nanomaterials showed the absence of Na in individual particulate single-phase MTO nanocrystals. Prepared MTO nanocrystals also exhibit slightly higher antiferromagnetic interactions (e.g., T N-NTO = 57 K and T N-CTO = 68 K) compared to previously reported MTO single crystals. Interestingly, NTO and CTO show not only a semiconducting nature but also photoconductivity. The proposed design scheme opens the door to any metal tellurates for controllable synthesis toward different applications. Moreover, the photoconductivity results of MTO nanomaterials prepared serve as a preliminary proof of concept for potential application as photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Catalá
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
- Materials
Institute and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Harishchandra Singh
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Shubo Wang
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Hannu Huhtinen
- Wihuri
Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku, Turku FIN-20014, Finland
| | - Petriina Paturi
- Wihuri
Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku, Turku FIN-20014, Finland
| | - Yang Bai
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Wei Cao
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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27
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Pylkkänen R, Werner D, Bishoyi A, Weil D, Scoppola E, Wagermaier W, Safeer A, Bahri S, Baldus M, Paananen A, Penttilä M, Szilvay GR, Mohammadi P. The complex structure of Fomes fomentarius represents an architectural design for high-performance ultralightweight materials. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade5417. [PMID: 36812306 PMCID: PMC9946349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High strength, hardness, and fracture toughness are mechanical properties that are not commonly associated with the fleshy body of a fungus. Here, we show with detailed structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization that Fomes fomentarius is an exception, and its architectural design is a source of inspiration for an emerging class of ultralightweight high-performance materials. Our findings reveal that F. fomentarius is a functionally graded material with three distinct layers that undergo multiscale hierarchical self-assembly. Mycelium is the primary component in all layers. However, in each layer, mycelium exhibits a very distinct microstructure with unique preferential orientation, aspect ratio, density, and branch length. We also show that an extracellular matrix acts as a reinforcing adhesive that differs in each layer in terms of quantity, polymeric content, and interconnectivity. These findings demonstrate how the synergistic interplay of the aforementioned features results in distinct mechanical properties for each layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pylkkänen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Daniel Werner
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ajit Bishoyi
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dominik Weil
- KLA-Tencor GmbH, Moritzburger Weg 67, Dresden 01109, Germany
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Adil Safeer
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Salima Bahri
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arja Paananen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Géza R. Szilvay
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
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28
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Surdu M, Lamkaddam H, Wang DS, Bell DM, Xiao M, Lee CP, Li D, Caudillo L, Marie G, Scholz W, Wang M, Lopez B, Piedehierro AA, Ataei F, Baalbaki R, Bertozzi B, Bogert P, Brasseur Z, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, He XC, Höhler K, Korhonen K, Krechmer JE, Lehtipalo K, Mahfouz NGA, Manninen HE, Marten R, Massabò D, Mauldin R, Petäjä T, Pfeifer J, Philippov M, Rörup B, Simon M, Shen J, Umo NS, Vogel F, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Volkamer R, Saathoff H, Möhler O, Kirkby J, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M, Stratmann F, Hansel A, Curtius J, Welti A, Riva M, Donahue NM, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Molecular Understanding of the Enhancement in Organic Aerosol Mass at High Relative Humidity. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2297-2309. [PMID: 36716278 PMCID: PMC9933880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic pathway by which high relative humidity (RH) affects gas-particle partitioning remains poorly understood, although many studies report increased secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields at high RH. Here, we use real-time, molecular measurements of both the gas and particle phase to provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of RH on the partitioning of biogenic oxidized organic molecules (from α-pinene and isoprene) at low temperatures (243 and 263 K) at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We observe increases in SOA mass of 45 and 85% with increasing RH from 10-20 to 60-80% at 243 and 263 K, respectively, and attribute it to the increased partitioning of semi-volatile compounds. At 263 K, we measure an increase of a factor 2-4 in the concentration of C10H16O2-3, while the particle-phase concentrations of low-volatility species, such as C10H16O6-8, remain almost constant. This results in a substantial shift in the chemical composition and volatility distribution toward less oxygenated and more volatile species at higher RH (e.g., at 263 K, O/C ratio = 0.55 and 0.40, at RH = 10 and 80%, respectively). By modeling particle growth using an aerosol growth model, which accounts for kinetic limitations, we can explain the enhancement in the semi-volatile fraction through the complementary effect of decreased compound activity and increased bulk-phase diffusivity. Our results highlight the importance of particle water content as a diluting agent and a plasticizer for organic aerosol growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dongyu S. Wang
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M. Bell
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dandan Li
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute
for Ion and Applied Physics, University
of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California, United States
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brandon Lopez
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Farnoush Ataei
- Department
of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pia Bogert
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zoé Brasseur
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University
of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department
of Chemistry & CIRES, University
of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, 80309-0215 Colorado, United States
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristina Höhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimmo Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naser G. A. Mahfouz
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton
University, Princeton, 08540 New Jersey, United States
| | - Hanna E. Manninen
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Massabò
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa
& INFN, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roy Mauldin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon
University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, UCB 311, Boulder, 80309 Colorado, United
States
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nsikanabasi Silas Umo
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Vogel
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Weber
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department
of Chemistry & CIRES, University
of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, 80309-0215 Colorado, United States
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, 01821 Massachusetts, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Department
of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute
for Ion and Applied Physics, University
of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - André Welti
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Tofwerk AG, CH-3600 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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29
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Savela RM, Välimäki T, Kiljunen O, Nykänen I, Koponen S, Suominen AL, Schwab U. Assessing Social Inequalities in Older Family Caregivers' Frailty Conditions, Comorbidity, and Cognitive Functioning: A Cross-sectional Study. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231214082. [PMID: 38143876 PMCID: PMC10748589 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231214082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the social inequalities in older family caregivers' frailty conditions, comorbidity, and cognitive functioning. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Study participants were recruited in 2019 in Finland. First, cognitive functioning was assessed with a Mini-Mental State Examination, comorbidity with the modified Functional Comorbidity Index, and frailty conditions were evaluated using the abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Study participants were also interviewed on socioeconomic factors. The social inequalities in these health outcomes were assessed using the Independent Samples t-test, Pearson Chi-square test, and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. Family caregivers' (n = 125) mean age was 74, and 73% had frailty conditions. Family caregivers' social inequalities in frailty conditions were linked to their older age and the lowest caregiving cash benefit. Family caregivers' low educational attainment was also the main factor predicting their minor cognitive impairment. Family caregivers' social determinants of health should be fully assessed in their health assessment, policies, and programs to ensure healthy aging for both family caregivers and care recipients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Temerov F, Baghdadi Y, Rattner E, Eslava S. A Review on Halide Perovskite-Based Photocatalysts: Key Factors and Challenges. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:14605-14637. [PMID: 36590880 PMCID: PMC9795418 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of research articles have been published on the use of halide perovskite materials for photocatalytic reactions. These articles extend these materials' great success from solar cells to photocatalytic technologies such as hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, dye degradation, and organic synthesis. In the present review article, we first describe the background theory of photocatalysis, followed by a description on the properties of halide perovskites and their development for photocatalysis. We highlight key intrinsic factors influencing their photocatalytic performance, such as stability, electronic band structure, and sorption properties. We also discuss and shed light on key considerations and challenges for their development in photocatalysis, such as those related to reaction conditions, reactor design, presence of degradable organic species, and characterization, especially for CO2 photocatalytic reduction. This review on halide perovskite photocatalysts will provide a better understanding for their rational design and development and contribute to their scientific and technological adoption in the wide field of photocatalytic solar devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp Temerov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, JoensuuFI-80101, Finland
| | - Yasmine Baghdadi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Rattner
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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31
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Yewale R, Damlin P, Kvarnström C. Effect of Oxidants on Properties of Electroactive Ultrathin Polyazulene Films Synthesized by Vapor Phase Polymerization at Atmospheric Pressure. Langmuir 2022; 38:15165-15177. [PMID: 36446086 PMCID: PMC9753747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A non-benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon azulene, naturally found in plants and mushrooms, is known for its derivatives applications in medicines. However, the processability of its chemically synthesized high-capacitance polymer is constrained by the sparingly soluble nature of its polymeric form. Oxidative chemical synthesis on a desirable substrate overcomes this difficulty. In this report, polyazulene (PAz) thin films are synthesized by vapor phase polymerization at atmospheric pressure using oxidants, such as CuCl2, CuBr2, FeCl3, and FeTOS. The effect of oxidants on morphologies of PAz films is studied using atomic force microscopy and microscope imaging. Each oxidant produced distinct microstructures in the films. The films synthesized using Cu(II) salts showed organized and knitted structures, whereas Fe(III) salts formed casted sheet-like disordered arrangements. The films synthesized using CuCl2 created uniform porous film assemblies. The pre-peak formations and their splitting observed in the cyclic voltammograms revealed phase segregations in the films. Oxidant-dependent structural and chemical differences such as charge carrier formation, doping levels, and polymer chain length in the PAz films are studied by using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicated that 240 and 180 mM are the optimum concentration of CuCl2 to produce high capacitance and well-organized single- and triple-layered PAz films, respectively.
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32
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Bandekar M, Abdolahpur Monikh F, Kekäläinen J, Tahvanainen T, Kortet R, Zhang P, Guo Z, Akkanen J, Leskinen JTT, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Krishna Darbha G, Grossart HP, Valsami-Jones E, Kukkonen JVK. Submicron Plastic Adsorption by Peat, Accumulation in Sphagnum Mosses and Influence on Bacterial Communities in Peatland Ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15661-15671. [PMID: 36326287 PMCID: PMC9670847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The smallest fraction of plastic pollution, submicron plastics (SMPs <1 μm) are expected to be ubiquitous in the environment. No information is available about SMPs in peatlands, which have a key role in sequestering carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. It is unknown how these plastic particles might behave and interact with (micro)organisms in these ecosystems. Here, we show that the chemical composition of polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-SMPs influenced their adsorption to peat. Consequently, this influenced the accumualtion of SMPs by Sphagnum moss and the composition and diversity of the microbial communities in peatland. Natural organic matter (NOM), which adsorbs from the surrounding water to the surface of SMPs, decreased the adsorption of the particles to peat and their accumulation by Sphagnum moss. However, the presence of NOM on SMPs significantly altered the bacterial community structure compared to SMPs without NOM. Our findings show that peatland ecosystems can potentially adsorb plastic particles. This can not only impact mosses themselves but also change the local microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Bandekar
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
- Department
of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz
Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Jukka Kekäläinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Raine Kortet
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Peng Zhang
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | | | | | - Gopala Krishna Darbha
- Environmental
Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department
of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz
Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Jussi V. K. Kukkonen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
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33
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Hyttinen N, Pihlajamäki A, Häkkinen H. Machine Learning for Predicting Chemical Potentials of Multifunctional Organic Compounds in Atmospherically Relevant Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9928-9933. [PMID: 36259771 PMCID: PMC9619930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have trained the Extreme Minimum Learning Machine (EMLM) machine learning model to predict chemical potentials of individual conformers of multifunctional organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The model is able to predict chemical potentials of molecules that are in the size range of the training data with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.5 kcal/mol. There is also a linear correlation between calculated and predicted chemical potentials of molecules that are larger than those included in the training set. Finding the lowest chemical potential conformers is useful in condensed phase thermodynamic property calculations, in order to reduce the number of computationally demanding density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antti Pihlajamäki
- Department
of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department
of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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34
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Bhuskute BD, Ali-Löytty H, Honkanen M, Salminen T, Valden M. Influence of the photodeposition sequence on the photocatalytic activity of plasmonic Ag-Au/TiO 2 nanocomposites. Nanoscale Adv 2022; 4:4335-4343. [PMID: 36321159 PMCID: PMC9552921 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Ag-Au/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by sequential photodeposition in order to investigate the effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties on photocatalytic activity for solar water splitting and methylene blue (MB) degradation. The photodeposition times were optimized for monometallic Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 nanocomposites to yield maximum SPR absorption in the visible range. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of bimetallic Ag-Au/TiO2 nanocomposites outperformed monometallic nanocomposites only when Au was photodeposited first on TiO2, which was attributed to Au-core-Ag-shell nanoparticle morphology. In contrast, reversing the photodeposition order resulted in Ag-Au alloy nanoparticle morphology, which was mediated by the galvanic replacement reaction during the second photodeposition. Alloying was not beneficial to the photocatalytic activity. These results demonstrate alloying during sequential photodeposition providing new insights for the synthesis of TiO2-based photocatalysts with plasmon-enhanced absorption in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela D Bhuskute
- Surface Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Harri Ali-Löytty
- Surface Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Mari Honkanen
- Tampere Microscopy Center, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Turkka Salminen
- Tampere Microscopy Center, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Mika Valden
- Surface Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Tampere Finland
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35
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Agbaje AO. Mediating role of body composition and insulin resistance on the association of arterial stiffness with blood pressure among adolescents: The ALSPAC study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:939125. [PMID: 36119740 PMCID: PMC9481230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.939125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEmerging evidence among adolescents suggests that arterial stiffness temporally precedes elevated blood pressure/hypertension in the casual pathway. It remains unknown whether insulin resistance and body composition mediate this relationship. Therefore, we examined the mediating role of total fat mass, lean mass, and insulin resistance in the association between arterial stiffness and blood pressure among adolescents.Materials and methodsWe studied 3,764 participants, aged 17 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) United Kingdom birth cohort. Arterial stiffness accessed with Vicorder device measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), body composition was measured by dual-energy Xray Absorptiometry, blood pressure by Omron device, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed. Data were analysed with structural equation models mediation path analyses and adjusted for cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors.ResultsAmong 1,678 [44.6%] male and 2,086 [55.4%] female participants, higher cfPWV was directly and independently associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, irrespective of the mediator [Standardized regression coefficient (β) = 0.248–0.370, p for all = 0.002]. Lean mass [β = 0.010; p = 0.026; 3.3% mediation] and HOMA-IR [β = 0.004; p = 0.033; 1.1% mediation] but not total fat mass [β < 0.0001; p = 0.615; 0% mediation] partly mediated the association of cfPWV with systolic blood pressure after full adjustments. Similarly, lean mass [β = –0.004; p = 0.021; 1.4% mediation] and HOMA-IR [β = 0.007; p = 0.039; 2.8% mediation] but not total fat mass [β = –0.002; p = 0.665; 0.7% mediation] partly mediated the association of cfPWV with diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionAttenuating insulin resistance may be a potentially valuable strategy in lowering higher blood pressure precipitated by higher arterial stiffness.
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36
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Kelavuori J, Vanyukov V, Stolt T, Karvinen P, Rekola H, Hakala TK, Huttunen MJ. Thermal Control of Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances. Nano Lett 2022; 22:3879-3883. [PMID: 35506595 PMCID: PMC9136927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces exhibiting collective responses known as surface lattice resonances (SLRs) show potential for realizing flat photonic components for wavelength-selective processes, including lasing and optical nonlinearities. However, postfabrication tuning of SLRs remains challenging, limiting the applicability of SLR-based components. Here, we demonstrate how the properties of high quality factor SLRs are easily modified by breaking the symmetry of the nanoparticle surroundings. We break the symmetry by changing the refractive index of the overlying immersion oil by controlling the ambient temperature of the device. We show that a modest temperature change of 10 °C can increase the quality factor of the SLR from 400 to 750. Our results demonstrate accurate and reversible modification of the properties of the investigated SLRs, paving the way toward tunable SLR-based photonic devices. More generally, we show how symmetry breaking of the environment can be utilized for efficient and potentially ultrafast modification of the SLR properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kelavuori
- Photonics
Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Viatcheslav Vanyukov
- Faculty
of Science and Forestry, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Timo Stolt
- Photonics
Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Petri Karvinen
- Faculty
of Science and Forestry, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heikki Rekola
- Faculty
of Science and Forestry, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tommi K. Hakala
- Faculty
of Science and Forestry, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Photonics
Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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37
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Du W, Cai J, Zheng F, Yan C, Zhou Y, Guo Y, Chu B, Yao L, Heikkinen LM, Fan X, Wang Y, Cai R, Hakala S, Chan T, Kontkanen J, Tuovinen S, Petäjä T, Kangasluoma J, Bianchi F, Paasonen P, Sun Y, Kerminen VM, Liu Y, Daellenbach KR, Dada L, Kulmala M. Influence of Aerosol Chemical Composition on Condensation Sink Efficiency and New Particle Formation in Beijing. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2022; 9:375-382. [PMID: 35573269 PMCID: PMC9097482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Relatively high concentrations of preexisting particles, acting as a condensation sink (CS) of gaseous precursors, have been thought to suppress the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) in urban environments, yet NPF still occurs frequently. Here, we aim to understand the factors promoting and inhibiting NPF events in urban Beijing by combining one-year-long measurements of particle number size distributions and PM2.5 chemical composition. Our results show that indeed the CS is an important factor controlling the occurrence of NPF events, with its chemical composition affecting the efficiency of the background particles in removing gaseous H2SO4 (effectiveness of the CS) driving NPF. During our observation period, the CS was found to be more effective for ammonium nitrate-rich (NH4NO3-rich) fine particles. On non-NPF event days, particles acting as CS contained a larger fraction of NH4NO3 compared to NPF event days under comparable CS levels. In particular, in the CS range from 0.02 to 0.03 s-1, the nitrate fraction was 17% on NPF event days and 26% on non-NPF event days. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering the chemical composition of preexisting particles when estimating the CS and their role in inhibiting NPF events, especially in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Feixue Zheng
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ying Zhou
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Liine M. Heikkinen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Simo Hakala
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tommy Chan
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Santeri Tuovinen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pauli Paasonen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yele Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric
Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sion 1951, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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38
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Lee-Rueckert M, Lappalainen J, Kovanen PT, Escola-Gil JC. Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis and Cancer: An Integrative View. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:777822. [PMID: 35237673 PMCID: PMC8882850 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.777822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic arterial plaques and malignant solid tumors contain macrophages, which participate in anaerobic metabolism, acidosis, and inflammatory processes inherent in the development of either disease. The tissue-resident macrophage populations originate from precursor cells derived from the yolk sac and from circulating bone marrow-derived monocytes. In the tissues, they differentiate into varying functional phenotypes in response to local microenvironmental stimulation. Broadly categorized, the macrophages are activated to polarize into proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes; yet, noticeable plasticity allows them to dynamically shift between several distinct functional subtypes. In atherosclerosis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol accumulates within macrophages as cytoplasmic lipid droplets thereby generating macrophage foam cells, which are involved in all steps of atherosclerosis. The conversion of macrophages into foam cells may suppress the expression of given proinflammatory genes and thereby initiate their transcriptional reprogramming toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this particular sense, foam cell formation can be considered anti-atherogenic. The tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may become polarized into anti-tumoral M1 and pro-tumoral M2 phenotypes. Mechanistically, the TAMs can regulate the survival and proliferation of the surrounding cancer cells and participate in various aspects of tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. The TAMs may accumulate lipids, but their type and their specific roles in tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. Here, we discuss how the phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages allows their multifunctional response to the distinct microenvironments in developing atherosclerotic lesions and in developing malignant tumors. We also discuss how the inflammatory reactions of the macrophages may influence the development of atherosclerotic plaques and malignant tumors, and highlight the potential therapeutic effects of targeting lipid-laden macrophages in either disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petri T. Kovanen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Petri T. Kovanen
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
- Joan Carles Escola-Gil
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López-Íñiguez G, McPherson GE, Zarza Alzugaray FJ. Effects of Threat and Motivation on Classical Musicians’ Professional Performance Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:834666. [PMID: 35185741 PMCID: PMC8854796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.834666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 2 years our world has experienced huge disruptions because of COVID-19. The performing arts has not been insulated from these tumultuous events with the entire music industry being thrown into a state of instability due to the paralyzing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined how classical professional musicians’ ability to cope with uncertainty, economic struggles, and work-life interplay during COVID-19 was influenced by various factors that affect a crucial part of the development and sustainment of music careers: musicians’ practice. We analyzed responses to an online survey of 309 classical performing musicians from 41 countries in Europe and Latin America across three pandemic stages: immediately before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and when vaccines were being made available and lockdowns were being reduced or lifted. Structural equation modeling indicates relationships between perceptions of threat at the peak of the pandemic and the musicians Self- or External-Based Motivation for the three periods in which respondents were asked to reflect. Findings suggest that musicians who are more internally self-motivated seemed to be more resilient to the pandemic threats and more capable of managing their practicing routines, whereas more externally motivated musicians experienced a reduction in their dedicated time to practice during lockdown. We suggest pedagogical and policy implications, as well as future lines of research that are oriented toward supporting professional musicians in assessing and understanding their motivational drives so that they can cope with situations that disrupt their professional lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe López-Íñiguez
- Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Guadalupe López-Íñiguez,
| | - Gary E. McPherson
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Taskinen JM, Kliuiev P, Moilanen AJ, Törmä P. Polarization and Phase Textures in Lattice Plasmon Condensates. Nano Lett 2021; 21:5262-5268. [PMID: 34077222 PMCID: PMC8289307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarization textures of light may reflect fundamental phenomena, such as topological defects, and can be utilized in engineering light beams. They have been observed, for instance, in photonic crystal lasers and semiconductor polariton condensates. Here we demonstrate domain wall polarization textures in a plasmonic lattice Bose-Einstein condensate. A key ingredient of the textures is found to be a condensate phase that varies spatially in a nontrivial manner. The phase of the Bose-Einstein condensate is reconstructed from the real- and Fourier-space images using a phase retrieval algorithm. We introduce a simple theoretical model that captures the results and can be used for design of the polarization patterns and demonstrate that the textures can be optically switched. The results open new prospects for fundamental studies of non-equilibrium condensation and sources of polarization-structured beams.
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Pyöriä L, Valtonen M, Luoto R, Grönroos W, Waris M, Heinonen OJ, Ruuskanen O, Perdomo MF. Survey of Viral Reactivations in Elite Athletes: A Case-Control Study. Pathogens 2021; 10:666. [PMID: 34071724 PMCID: PMC8229584 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced immune perturbations have been proposed to increase susceptibility to viral infections. We investigated the replication of persisting viruses as indicators of immune function in elite cross-country skiers after ten months of sustained high-performance exercise. The viruses evaluated, nine human herpesviruses (HHVs) and torque teno virus (TTV), are typically restrained in health but replicate actively in immunosuppressed individuals. We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers at the end of the competition's season and 27 matched controls who perform moderate exercise. We quantified all the HHVs and-TTV via highly sensitive qPCRs. To verify equal past exposures between the groups, we assessed the IgG antibody prevalences toward HHV-4 (Epstein-Barr virus, EBV) and HHV-5 (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV). We found equal TTV DNA prevalences in athletes (63%) and controls (63%) and loads with respective geometric means of 1.7 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 copies/mL of serum. Overall, the copy numbers were low and consistent with those of healthy individuals. Neither of the groups presented with herpesvirus viremia despite similar past exposures to HHVs (seroprevalences of EBV 70% vs. 78% and HCMV 52% vs. 44% in athletes and controls, respectively). We found no evidence of increased replication of persistent viruses in elite athletes, arguing against impaired viral immunity due to high-performance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lari Pyöriä
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Research Institute for Olympics Sports, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Raakel Luoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland; (R.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Wilma Grönroos
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.G.); (O.J.H.)
| | - Matti Waris
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.G.); (O.J.H.)
| | - Olli Ruuskanen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland; (R.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Maria F. Perdomo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
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Valtonen M, Grönroos W, Luoto R, Waris M, Uhari M, Heinonen OJ, Ruuskanen O. Increased risk of respiratory viral infections in elite athletes: A controlled study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250907. [PMID: 33945550 PMCID: PMC8096105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory symptoms are commonly recognised in elite athletes. The occurrence, etiology and clinical presentation of the illnesses in athletes is unclear. METHODS We performed a prospective controlled study of respiratory viral infections in Team Finland during Nordic World Ski Championships 2019. There were 26 athletes and 36 staff members. Nasal swabs were taken at the onset of a symptom and on days 1, 7, and 13 during the follow-up of 14 days. Respiratory viruses were searched for by 3 different molecular multiplex tests. Fifty-two matched control subjects were studied in Finland during the same period. RESULTS Ten out of 26 (38%) athletes, 6 out of 36 (17%) staff, and 3 out of 52 (6%) control subjects experienced symptoms of respiratory infection (p = 0.0013). The relative risks for acquiring symptomatic infection were 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-21.0) of athletes and 2.9 (95% CI, 0.84-10.0) of the staff as compared to the controls. Asymptomatic infections were identified in 8%, 22%, and 19%, respectively (p = 0.30). The etiology of respiratory infections was detected in 84% of the cases. CONCLUSION The athletes had a 7-fold increase in the risk of illness compared to normally exercising control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Valtonen
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilma Grönroos
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raakel Luoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Waris
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Virology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Uhari
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Ruuskanen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Juvonen RO, Ahinko M, Jokinen EM, Huuskonen J, Raunio H, Pentikäinen OT. Substrate Selectivity of Coumarin Derivatives by Human CYP1 Enzymes: In Vitro Enzyme Kinetics and In Silico Modeling. ACS Omega 2021; 6:11286-11296. [PMID: 34056284 PMCID: PMC8153946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Of the three enzymes in the human cytochrome P450 family 1, CYP1A2 is an important enzyme mediating metabolism of xenobiotics including drugs in the liver, while CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are expressed in extrahepatic tissues. Currently used CYP substrates, such as 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin, are oxidized by all individual CYP1 forms. The main aim of this study was to find profluorescent coumarin substrates that are more selective for the individual CYP1 forms. Eleven 3-phenylcoumarin derivatives were synthetized, their enzyme kinetic parameters were determined, and their interactions in the active sites of CYP1 enzymes were analyzed by docking and molecular dynamic simulations. All coumarin derivatives and 7-ethoxyresorufin and 7-pentoxyresorufin were oxidized by at least one CYP1 enzyme. 3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (19) was 7-O-demethylated by similar high efficiency [21-30 ML/(min·mol CYP)] by all CYP1 forms and displayed similar binding in the enzyme active sites. 3-(3-Fluoro-4-acetoxyphenyl)coumarin (14) was selectively 7-O-demethylated by CYP1A1, but with low efficiency [0.16 ML/(min mol)]. This was explained by better orientation and stronger H-bond interactions in the active site of CYP1A1 than that of CYP1A2 and CYP1B1. 3-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-6-chlorocoumarin (20) was 7-O-demethylated most efficiently by CYP1B1 [53 ML/(min·mol CYP)], followed by CYP1A1 [16 ML/(min·mol CYP)] and CYP1A2 [0.6 ML/(min·mol CYP)]. Variations in stabilities of complexes between 20 and the individual CYP enzymes explained these differences. Compounds 14, 19, and 20 are candidates to replace traditional substrates in measuring activity of human CYP1 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto O. Juvonen
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mira Ahinko
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Elmeri M. Jokinen
- Institute
of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Huuskonen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Hannu Raunio
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T. Pentikäinen
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute
of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Katuwal S, Jousilahti P, Pukkala E. Causes of death among women with breast cancer: A follow-up study of 50 481 women with breast cancer in Finland. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:839-845. [PMID: 33890290 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our study aims to assess mortality from causes other than breast cancer among women with breast cancer with focus on indications of joint aetiology. Data on female breast cancer patients were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and their underlying causes of death in 54 categories from the Statistics Finland. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for 50 481 patients diagnosed between 1971 and 2000 and followed until December 2012, stratified by histology, age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis. The expected numbers of deaths were based on respective mortality rates among the Finnish general population. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated from Poisson regression model to compare risks of cause of death by histology. 41% of 30 841 deaths were due to causes other than breast cancer. Significant excess mortality was observed for stomach cancer (SMR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26-1.62), circulatory system diseases (SMR 1.17, 95% CI 1.14-1.20) and suicide (SMR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28-1.78). In an age-adjusted analysis, significantly higher relative risk of stomach cancer mortality was observed for lobular vs ductal subtype (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.32-3.02). Significantly increased SMRs were observed for cancers of respiratory organs among premenopausal women, and for other respiratory system diseases, dementia and Alzheimer disease among postmenopausal women. We conclude that female breast cancer patients are at increased risk of death from causes other than the breast cancer diagnosis including circulatory and respiratory system diseases and cancer of stomach, ovary and respiratory systems. The excess mortality because of different causes varies based on menopausal status and histology. There might be shared aetiological factors between the diagnosis of breast cancer and the causes of death among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Katuwal
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Lähteenlahti V, Schulman A, Beiranvand A, Huhtinen H, Paturi P. Electron Doping Effect in the Resistive Switching Properties of Al/Gd 1-xCa xMnO 3/Au Memristor Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:18365-18371. [PMID: 33832220 PMCID: PMC8288910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the resistive switching (RS) properties of Al/Gd1-xCaxMnO3 (GCMO)/Au thin-film memristors. The devices were studied over the whole calcium substitution range x as a function of electrical field and temperature. The RS properties were found to be highly dependent on the Ca substitution. The optimal concentration was determined to be near x = 0.9, which is higher than the values reported for other similar manganite-based devices. We utilize an equivalent circuit model which accounts for the obtained results and allows us to determine that the electrical conduction properties of the devices are dominated by the Poole-Frenkel conduction mechanism for all compositions. The model also shows that lower trap energy values are associated with better RS properties. Our results indicate that the main RS properties of Al/GCMO/Au devices are comparable to those of other similar manganite-based materials, but there are marked differences in the switching behavior, which encourage further exploration of mixed-valence perovskite manganites for RS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Lähteenlahti
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Alejandro Schulman
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Azar Beiranvand
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Petriina Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Major life changes may cause an autobiographical rupture and a need to work on one's narrative identity. This article introduces a new qualitative interview methodology originally developed to facilitate 10 prostate cancer patients and five spouses in the (re)creation of their life narratives in the context of a series of interventive interviews conducted over a timespan of several months. In "The Clip Approach" the interviewees' words, phrases, and metaphors are reflected back in a physical form ("the Clips") as visual artifacts that allow the interviewees to re-enter and re-consider their experience and life and re-construct their narratives concerning them. Honoring the interviewees as authors facilitates autobiographical reasoning, building a bridge between the past and the future, and embedding the illness experience as part of one's life narrative. The Clip Approach provides new tools for both research and practice-potentially even a low-threshold psychosocial support method for various applicability areas.
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Cortina-Escribano M, Pihlava JM, Miina J, Veteli P, Linnakoski R, Vanhanen H. Effect of Strain, Wood Substrate and Cold Treatment on the Yield and β-Glucan Content of Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Bodies. Molecules 2020; 25:E4732. [PMID: 33076396 PMCID: PMC7587577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood residues from forestry industries can be potential raw materials for specialty and edible mushroom production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of wood residues for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum originating from boreal forests. The substrates tested included sawdust and wood chips of Betula spp., Populus tremula, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Larix sp. The suitability of the substrates and the ability of the strains to develop fruiting bodies and produce β-glucan were evaluated. Fruiting body formation was supported by applying two different cold shock treatments to substrate bags. The highest yields were observed with MUS192 strain and Betula spp. and P. tremula wood-based substrates. β-Glucan content in the fruiting bodies was highest with the MUS75 and P. tremula wood-based substrate. Based on these findings, the combination of P. tremula wood residues and the MUS192 strain is proposed to enhance the yield and β-glucan content of the fruiting bodies. A cold treatment of 5 °C is suggested to induce primordia formation and to increase fruiting probability. This is the first time that strains of G. lucidum originating from boreal forests have been compared and successfully cultivated simulating commercial indoor cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cortina-Escribano
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80100 Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland; (J.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Juha-Matti Pihlava
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Tavastia Proper, Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Jari Miina
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland; (J.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790 Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland; (P.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790 Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland; (P.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Henri Vanhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland; (J.M.); (H.V.)
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Skaldina O, Ciszek R, Peräniemi S, Kolehmainen M, Sorvari J. Facing the threat: common yellowjacket wasps as indicators of heavy metal pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:29031-29042. [PMID: 32424749 PMCID: PMC7376518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the common wasp, Vespula vulgaris as a bioindicator and biomonitor of metals in the industrial area. Using traps, we collected 257 yellowjackets along a pollution gradient in the Harjavalta Cu-Ni smelter in Southwest Finland. Our method detected metal elements such as arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in wasps. The data analyses revealed V. vulgaris can be a proper indicator for As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb, rather than for Fe and Zn contamination. Body burdens of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb decreased with an increase in distance from smelter. Enrichment factor (EF) followed the pattern Pb ˃ Cd ˃ As ˃ Co ˃ Cu ˃ Ni. The highest bioaccumulation (BAF) values were revealed for Cd (5.9) and the lowest for Pb (0.1). Specially designed software (WaspFacer) allowed revealing body burdens of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb to be associated with rather smaller than more asymmetric facial colour markings in yellowjackets. These results add to the body of literature on how heavy metal contaminants can have tangible phenotypic effects on insects and open future opportunities for using wasps as indicators of metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Skaldina
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kolehmainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Sorvari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Honkala SM, Motiani P, Kivelä R, Hemanthakumar KA, Tolvanen E, Motiani KK, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Kemppainen J, Heiskanen MA, Löyttyniemi E, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Exercise training improves adipose tissue metabolism and vasculature regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000830. [PMID: 32816872 PMCID: PMC7437884 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effects of a supervised progressive sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue metabolism and function; we also tested whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 26 insulin-resistant (IR) and 28 healthy participants were randomized into 2-week-long SIT (4-6×30 s at maximum effort) and MICT (40-60 min at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak)). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting-free fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (SATs) were quantified with positron emission tomography. Abdominal SAT biopsies were collected to determine adipocyte morphology, gene expression markers of lipolysis, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. RESULTS Training increased glucose uptake in VAT (p<0.001) and femoral SAT (p<0.001) and decreased fatty acid uptake in VAT (p=0.01) irrespective of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. In IR participants, training increased adipose tissue vasculature and decreased CD36 and ANGPTL4 gene expression in abdominal SAT. SIT was superior in increasing VO2peak and VAT glucose uptake in the IR group, whereas MICT reduced VAT fatty acid uptake more than SIT. CONCLUSIONS Short-term training improves adipose tissue metabolism both in healthy and IR participants independently of the sex. Adipose tissue angiogenesis and gene expression was only significantly affected in IR participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erik Tolvanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Kangaslampi S, Peltonen K. Changes in Traumatic Memories and Posttraumatic Cognitions Associate with PTSD Symptom Improvement in Treatment of Multiply Traumatized Children and Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2020; 13:103-112. [PMID: 32318233 PMCID: PMC7163910 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Refinement, targeting, and better dissemination of trauma-focused therapies requires understanding their underlying mechanisms of change. Research on such mechanisms among multiply traumatized children and adolescents is scarce. We examined the role of improvements in problematic qualities of traumatic memories and maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions in PTSD symptom reduction, in a randomized, pragmatic trial of narrative exposure therapy vs. treatment as usual with 40 participants 9-17 years old (48% female, 75% refugee background) repeatedly exposed to war or family violence related trauma. Posttraumatic cognitions, quality of traumatic memories and PTSD symptoms were assessed by self-report before and after treatment. Improvements in both quality of traumatic memories (r MI = .36) and posttraumatic cognitions (r MI = .46) correlated with symptom reduction. However, improvement during treatment was only significant for quality of traumatic memories (F MI(11,333.56) = 4.77), not for posttraumatic cognitions. We detected no difference in effects of narrative exposure therapy and treatment as usual on cognitions or memories. We tentatively suggest problematic, overly sensory and incoherent quality of traumatic memories may be a useful target in the treatment of PTSD symptoms among multiply traumatized children and adolescents. Changing maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions, though important, may be challenging among those with severe, repeated trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Kangaslampi
- Faculty of Social Sciences / Psychology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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- Faculty of Social Sciences / Psychology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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