1
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Petrova VV, Solovev YV, Porozov YB, Polynski MV. Will We Witness Enzymatic or Pd-(Oligo)Peptide Catalysis in Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions? J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38861408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of numerous advanced ligands for Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, the potential of (oligo)peptides serving as ligands remains unexplored. This study demonstrates via density functional theory (DFT) modeling that (oligo)peptide ligands can drive superior activity compared to classic phosphines in these reactions. The utilization of natural amino acids such as Met, SeMet, and His leads to strong binding of the Pd center, thereby ensuring substantial stability of the system. The increasing sustainability and economic viability of (oligo)peptide synthesis open new prospects for applying Pd-(oligo)peptide systems as greener catalysts. The feasibility of de novo engineering an artificial Pd-based enzyme for Suzuki cross-coupling is discussed, laying the groundwork for future innovations in catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V Petrova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Prospect 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Solovev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- St. Petersburg School of Physics, Mathematics, and Computer Science, HSE University, Kantemirovskaya Street 3-1A, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
- Advitam Laboratory, Vodovodska 158, Belgrade 11147, Serbia
| | - Mikhail V Polynski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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2
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Muñoz J. Rational Design of Stimuli-Responsive Inorganic 2D Materials via Molecular Engineering: Toward Molecule-Programmable Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305546. [PMID: 37906953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Succeeding graphene, emerging inorganic 2D materials (i2DMs) have been identified as alternative 2D materials to harbor a variety of active molecular components to move the current silicon-based semiconductor technology forward to a post-Moore era focused on molecule-based information processing components. In this regard, i2DMs benefits are not only for their prominent physiochemical properties (e.g., the existence of bandgap), but also for their high surface-to-volume ratio rich in reactive sites. Nonetheless, since this field is still in an early stage, having knowledge of both i) the different strategies for molecularly functionalizing the current library of i2DMs, and ii) the different types of active molecular components is a sine qua non condition for a rational design of stimuli-responsive i2DMs capable of performing logical operations at the molecular level. Consequently, this Review provides a comprehensive tutorial for covalently anchoring ad hoc molecular components-as active units triggered by different external inputs-onto pivotal i2DMs to assess their role in the expanding field of molecule-programmable nanoelectronics for electrically monitoring bistable molecular switches. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of this emerging field which crosses materials chemistry with computation are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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3
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Stefania R, Palagi L, Di Gregorio E, Ferrauto G, Dinatale V, Aime S, Gianolio E. Seeking for Innovation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Paramagnetic Contrast Agents: Relaxation Enhancement via Weak and Dynamic Electrostatic Interactions with Positively Charged Groups on Endogenous Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:134-144. [PMID: 38152996 PMCID: PMC10785807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gd-L1 is a macrocyclic Gd-HPDO3A derivative functionalized with a short spacer to a trisulfonated pyrene. When compared to Gd-HPDO3A, the increased relaxivity appears to be determined by both the higher molecular weight and the occurrence of an intramolecularly catalyzed prototropic exchange of the coordinated OH moiety. In water, Gd-L1 displayed a relaxivity of 7.1 mM-1 s-1 (at 298 K and 0.5 T), slightly increasing with the concentration likely due to the onset of intermolecular aggregation. A remarkably high and concentration-dependent relaxivity was measured in human serum (up to 26.5 mM-1 s-1 at the lowest tested concentration of 0.005 mM). The acquisition of 1H-nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) and 17O-R2 vs T profiles allowed to get an in-depth characterization of the system. In vitro experiments in the presence of human serum albumin, γ-globulins, and polylysine, as well as using media mimicking the extracellular matrix, provided strong support to the view that the trisulfonated pyrene fosters binding interactions with the exposed positive groups on the surface of proteins, responsible for a remarkable in vivo hyperintensity in T1w MR images. The in vivo MR images of the liver, kidneys, and spleen showed a marked contrast enhancement in the first 10 min after the i.v. injection of Gd-L1, which was 2-6-fold higher than that for Gd-HPDO3A, while maintaining a very similar excretion behavior. These findings may pave the way to an improved design of MRI GBCAs, for the first time, based on the setup of weak and dynamic interactions with abundant positive groups on serum and ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Stefania
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Department
of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria 15120, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Palagi
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Enza Di Gregorio
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Valentina Dinatale
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | | | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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4
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Gupta S, Banavath HN, Tejavath KK. Pharmacoinformatic screening of phytoconstituent and evaluation of its anti-PDAC effect using in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10627-10641. [PMID: 36510680 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With no prominent treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in conventional chemotherapy, recent studies have focused on uniting conventional and traditional medicines including plant phytoconstituents. Herein, we used pharmacoinformatic studies to identify potent phytoconstituent as ligand having inhibition activities against canonical anticancer targets, and evaluated its effect on PDAC cell lines. SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred tools were utilized to segregate protein targets of ligand in humans, following which FunRich was applied to garner its targets in PDAC. STRING analysis predicted protein-protein interactions and dynamic simulation studies confirmed stability of ligand-protein complex. For in vitro cytotoxic potential, ligand treatment at different concentrations was given to PDAC cell lines both alone and combined with gemcitabine, followed by evaluation of effects on migration. Differential gene expression was checked using PCR for evaluating mechanism of cytotoxicity. Results showed pentagalloylglucose (PGG) with highest docking and MMGBSA scores for Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) inhibition site. SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred analysis detected 40 targets of PGG in PDAC. Simulation data showed stability of protein-ligand complex. In in vitro experiments Mia-PaCa-2 was more sensitive to PGG than Panc-1. PGG successfully inhibited migration both alone and in combination with gemcitabine. Additionally, PGG treatment induced apoptosis in both the cell lines; but showed antagonism when combined with gemcitabine. In conclusion, our report demonstrates PGG has good binding with Cox2 and showed anti-PDAC activity by inhibiting migration and inducing apoptosis, thus it can be used as a therapy option. But further studies are required to confirm its behaviour as a combination therapy drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemanth Naick Banavath
- Department of Sports Bio-Sciences, School of Sports Science MYAS-CURAJ, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Tejavath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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5
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Pezzotti G, Ohgitani E, Fujita Y, Imamura H, Pappone F, Grillo A, Nakashio M, Shin-Ya M, Adachi T, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Marin E, Zhu W, Inaba T, Tanino Y, Nukui Y, Higasa K, Yasukochi Y, Okuma K, Mazda O. Raman Fingerprints of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants: Molecular Roots of Virological Characteristics and Evolutionary Directions. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2226-2251. [PMID: 37850869 PMCID: PMC10644350 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The latest RNA genomic mutation of SARS-CoV-2 virus, termed the Omicron variant, has generated a stream of highly contagious and antibody-resistant strains, which in turn led to classifying Omicron as a variant of concern. We systematically collected Raman spectra from six Omicron subvariants available in Japan (i.e., BA.1.18, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, XE, and BA.2.75) and applied machine-learning algorithms to decrypt their structural characteristics at the molecular scale. Unique Raman fingerprints of sulfur-containing amino acid rotamers, RNA purines and pyrimidines, tyrosine phenol ring configurations, and secondary protein structures clearly differentiated the six Omicron subvariants. These spectral characteristics, which were linked to infectiousness, transmissibility, and propensity for immune evasion, revealed evolutionary motifs to be compared with the outputs of genomic studies. The availability of a Raman "metabolomic snapshot", which was then translated into a barcode to enable a prompt subvariant identification, opened the way to rationalize in real-time SARS-CoV-2 activity and variability. As a proof of concept, we applied the Raman barcode procedure to a nasal swab sample retrieved from a SARS-CoV-2 patient and identified its Omicron subvariant by coupling a commercially available magnetic bead technology with our newly developed Raman analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department
of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’
Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Eriko Ohgitani
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hayata Imamura
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Francesco Pappone
- Department
of Mathematical Science, Politecnico di
Torino, Corso Duca degli
Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Alfio Grillo
- Department
of Mathematical Science, Politecnico di
Torino, Corso Duca degli
Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Maiko Nakashio
- Department
of Infection Control & Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shin-Ya
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department
of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University,
School of Medicine, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Inaba
- Department
of Infection Control & Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanino
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University
Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoko Nukui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University
Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical
Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yasukochi
- Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical
Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department
of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University,
School of Medicine, 2-5-1
Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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6
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Nonkhwao S, Rungsa P, Buraphaka H, Klaynongsruang S, Daduang J, Kornthong N, Daduang S. Characterization and Localization of Sol g 2.1 Protein from Solenopsis geminata Fire Ant Venom in the Central Nervous System of Injected Crickets ( Acheta domestica). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14814. [PMID: 37834262 PMCID: PMC10573061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solenopsis geminata is recognized for containing the allergenic proteins Sol g 1, 2, 3, and 4 in its venom. Remarkably, Sol g 2.1 exhibits hydrophobic binding and has a high sequence identity (83.05%) with Sol i 2 from S. invicta. Notably, Sol g 2.1 acts as a mediator, causing paralysis in crickets. Given its structural resemblance and biological function, Sol g 2.1 may play a key role in transporting hydrophobic potent compounds, which induce paralysis by releasing the compounds through the insect's nervous system. To investigate this further, we constructed and characterized the recombinant Sol g 2.1 protein (rSol g 2.1), identified with LC-MS/MS. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to reveal the structural features of the rSol g 2.1 protein. Furthermore, after treating crickets with S. geminata venom, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results revealed that the Sol g 2.1 protein primarily localizes to the neuronal cell membrane of the brain and thoracic ganglia, with distribution areas related to octopaminergic neuron cell patterns. Based on protein-protein interaction predictions, we found that the Sol g 2.1 protein can interact with octopamine receptors (OctRs) in neuronal cell membranes, potentially mediating Sol g 2.1's localization within cricket central nervous systems. Here, we suggest that Sol g 2.1 may enhance paralysis in crickets by acting as carriers of active molecules and releasing them onto target cells through pH gradients. Future research should explore the binding properties of Sol g 2.1 with ligands, considering its potential as a transporter for active molecules targeting pest nervous systems, offering innovative pest control prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Nonkhwao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Prapenpuksiri Rungsa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Hathairat Buraphaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Napamanee Kornthong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
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7
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Akhmadeev BS, Retyunskaya OO, Podyachev SN, Katsyuba SA, Gubaidullin AT, Sudakova SN, Syakaev VV, Babaev VM, Sinyashin OG, Mustafina AR. Supramolecular Optimization of Sensory Function of a Hemicurcuminoid through Its Incorporation into Phospholipid and Polymeric Polydiacetylenic Vesicles: Experimental and Computational Insight. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030714. [PMID: 36772015 PMCID: PMC9920781 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of a new representative of hemicurcuminoids with a nonyloxy substituent (HCur) as a fluorescent amphiphilic structural element of vesicular aggregates based on phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA). Both X-ray diffraction analysis of the single crystal and 1H NMR spectra of HCur in organic solvents indicate the predominance of the enol-tautomer of HCur. DFT calculations show the predominance of the enol tautomer HCur in supramolecular assemblies with PC, PS, and PCDA molecules. The results of the molecular modeling show that HCur molecules are surrounded by PC and PS with a rather weak exposure to water molecules, while an exposure of HCur molecules to water is enhanced under its supramolecular assembly with PCDA molecules. This is in good agreement with the higher loading of HCur into PC(PS) vesicles compared to PCDA vesicles converted into polydiacetylene (PDA) ones by photopolymerization. HCur molecules incorporated into HCur-PDA vesicles exhibit greater planarity distortion and hydration effect in comparison with HCur-PC(PS) ones. HCur-PDA is presented as a dual fluorescence-chromatic nanosensor responsive to a change in pH within 7.5-9.5, heavy metal ions and polylysine, and the concentration-dependent fluorescent response is more sensitive than the chromatic one. Thus, the fluorescent response of HCur-PDA allows for the distinguishing between Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in the concentration range 0-0.01 mM, while the chromatic response allows for the selective sensing of Pb2+ over Cd2+ ions at their concentrations above 0.03 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat S. Akhmadeev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga O. Retyunskaya
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Podyachev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Katsyuba
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aidar T. Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Sudakova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Victor V. Syakaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vasily M. Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Asiya R. Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
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8
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Singh SR, Murali A. pH modulates the role of SP6 RNA polymerase in transcription process: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11763-11780. [PMID: 36709448 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2170916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SP6 RNA polymerase (SP6 RNAP) is an essential enzyme for the transcription process in SP6 bacteriophage. SP6 RNAP plays a vital role in mRNA vaccine designing technology and other translational biotechnology research due to the high specificity towards its promoter. The self-replicating performance also put this polymerase to study extensively. Despite of the reports emphasizing the function of this enzyme, a detailed structural and functional understanding of RNA polymerase is not reported so far. Here, we report the first-ever information about SP6RNAP structure and its effect on promoter binding at different pH environments using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) study. We also report the changes in polymerase conformations in different pH conditions using in-silico approach. The docking study was also performed for SP6 RNAP with SP6 promoter at different pH environments using the in-silico docking tools and conducted the MDS study for complexes. MM/PBSA and per residue energy contribution has been performed at three different pH environments. The structural aspects confirmed that the pH 7.9 state favors the polymerase functional activity in the transcription process which was in the range reported using transcription assay. This polymerase's unique features may play its emerging role as an efficient transcription factor in translational biological research.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayaluru Murali
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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9
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Tufféry P, Derreumaux P. A refined pH-dependent coarse-grained model for peptide structure prediction in aqueous solution. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1113928. [PMID: 36727106 PMCID: PMC9885153 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Peptides carry out diverse biological functions and the knowledge of the conformational ensemble of polypeptides in various experimental conditions is important for biological applications. All fast dedicated softwares perform well in aqueous solution at neutral pH. Methods: In this study, we go one step beyond by combining the Debye-Hückel formalism for charged-charged amino acid interactions and a coarse-grained potential of the amino acids to treat pH and salt variations. Results: Using the PEP-FOLD framework, we show that our approach performs as well as the machine-leaning AlphaFold2 and TrRosetta methods for 15 well-structured sequences, but shows significant improvement in structure prediction of six poly-charged amino acids and two sequences that have no homologous in the Protein Data Bank, expanding the range of possibilities for the understanding of peptide biological roles and the design of candidate therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tufféry
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Pierre Tufféry,
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRSUPR9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, France,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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10
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Dinic J, Schnorenberg MR, Tirrell MV. Sequence-Controlled Secondary Structures and Stimuli Responsiveness of Bioinspired Polyampholytes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3798-3809. [PMID: 35969881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study focusing on the influence of the sequence charge pattern on the secondary structure preferences of annealed polyampholytes and their responsiveness to external stimuli is presented. Two sequences are designed composed entirely of ionizable amino acids (charge fraction, f = 1) and an equal number of positive and negative charges (f+ = f- = 0.5) with distinct charge patterns consisting of lysine and glutamic acid monomers. The study reveals that the sequence charge pattern has a significant influence on the secondary structure preferences of polyampholytes at physiological pH. Furthermore, it shows that external stimuli such as pH, ionic strength, and solvent dielectric constant can be used to modulate the secondary structure of the two studied sequences. The observed secondary structure transformations for the two sequences are also substantially different from those determined for uniformly charged homo-polypeptides under matching conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mathew R Schnorenberg
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Carucci C, Sechi G, Piludu M, Monduzzi M, Salis A. A drug delivery system based on poly-L-lysine grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles for quercetin release. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Kruchinin NY, Kucherenko MG. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Conformational Structure of Uniform Polypeptides on the Surface of a Polarized Metal Prolate Nanospheroid with Varying pH. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Poly-L-Arginine Molecule Properties in Simple Electrolytes: Molecular Dynamic Modeling and Experiments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063588. [PMID: 35329277 PMCID: PMC8951092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of poly-L-arginine (P-Arg) molecules in NaCl solutions were determined by molecular dynamics (MD) modeling and various experimental techniques. Primarily, the molecule conformations, the monomer length and the chain diameter were theoretically calculated. These results were used to interpret experimental data, which comprised the molecule secondary structure, the diffusion coefficient, the hydrodynamic diameter and the electrophoretic mobility determined at various ionic strengths and pHs. Using these data, the electrokinetic charge and the effective ionization degree of P-Arg molecules were determined. In addition, the dynamic viscosity measurements for dilute P-Arg solutions enabledto determine the molecule intrinsic viscosity, which was equal to 500 and 90 for ionic strength of 10−5 and 0.15 M, respectively. This confirmed that P-Arg molecules assumed extended conformations and approached the slender body limit at the low range of ionic strength. The experimental data were also used to determine the molecule length and the chain diameter, which agreed with theoretical predictions. Exploiting these results, a robust method for determining the molar mass of P-Arg samples, the hydrodynamic diameter, the radius of gyration and the sedimentation coefficient was proposed.
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14
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Lukasheva N, Tolmachev D, Martinez-Seara H, Karttunen M. Changes in the Local Conformational States Caused by Simple Na + and K + Ions in Polyelectrolyte Simulations: Comparison of Seven Force Fields with and without NBFIX and ECC Corrections. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:252. [PMID: 35054659 PMCID: PMC8779100 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions have a determining role in the conformational and dynamic behavior of polyelectrolyte molecules. In this study, anionic polyelectrolyte molecules, poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) and poly(aspartic acid) (PASA), in a water solution with the most commonly used K+ or Na+ counterions, were investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We performed a comparison of seven popular force fields, namely AMBER99SB-ILDN, AMBER14SB, AMBER-FB15, CHARMM22*, CHARMM27, CHARMM36m and OPLS-AA/L, both with their native parameters and using two common corrections for overbinding of ions, the non-bonded fix (NBFIX), and electronic continuum corrections (ECC). These corrections were originally introduced to correct for the often-reported problem concerning the overbinding of ions to the charged groups of polyelectrolytes. In this work, a comparison of the simulation results with existing experimental data revealed several differences between the investigated force fields. The data from these simulations and comparisons with previous experimental data were then used to determine the limitations and strengths of these force fields in the context of the structural and dynamic properties of anionic polyamino acids. Physical properties, such as molecular sizes, local structure, and dynamics, were studied using two types of common counterions, namely potassium and sodium. The results show that, in some cases, both the macroion size and dynamics depend strongly on the models (parameters) for the counterions due to strong overbinding of the ions and charged side chain groups. The local structures and dynamics are more sensitive to dihedral angle parameterization, resulting in a preference for defined monomer conformations and the type of correction used. We also provide recommendations based on the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lukasheva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Tolmachev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hector Martinez-Seara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, CZ166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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15
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Faizullin BA, Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Gerasimova TP, Kholin KV, Nizameev IR, Voloshina AD, Gubaidullin AT, Fedosimova SV, Mikhailov MA, Sokolov MN, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Petrov KA, Karasik AA, Mustafina AR. Structure impact on photodynamic therapy and cellular contrasting functions of colloids constructed from dimeric Au(I) complex and hexamolybdenum clusters. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112355. [PMID: 34474903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically driven self-assembly of [Au2L2]2+ (L is cyclic PNNP ligand) with [{Mo6I8}(L')6]2- (L' = I-, CH3COO-) in aqueous solutions is introduced as facile route for combination of therapeutic and cellular contrasting functions within heterometallic colloids (Mo6-Au2). The nature of L' affects the size and aggregation behavior of crystalline Mo6-Au2 aggregates, which in turn affect the luminescence of the cluster units incorporated into Mo6-Au2 colloids. The spin trap facilitated electron spin resonance spectroscopy technique indicates that the level of ROS generated by Mo6-Au2 colloids is also affected by their size. Both (L' = I-, CH3COO-) Mo6-Au2 colloids undergo cell internalization, which is enhanced by their assembly with poly-DL-lysine (PL) for L' = CH3COO-, but remains unchanged for L' = I-. The colloids PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO-) are visualized as huge crystalline aggregates both outside and inside the cell cytoplasm by confocal microscopy imaging of the incubated cells, while the smaller sized (30-50 nm) PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = I-) efficiently stain the cell nuclei. Quantitative colocalization analysis of PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO-) in lysosomal compartments points to the fast endo-lysosomal escape of the colloids followed by their intracellular aggregation. The cytotoxicity of PL-Mo6-Au2 differs from that of Mo6 and Au2 blocks, predominantly acting through apoptotic pathway. The photodynamic therapeutic effect of the PL-Mo6-Au2 colloids on the cancer cells correlates with their intracellular trafficking and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V Kholin
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V Fedosimova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A Mikhailov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim N Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Samigullin
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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16
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Adamczyk Z, Batys P, Płaziński W, Morga M, Lupa D, Michna A. Macroion molecule properties from slender body hydrodynamics. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Adamczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Maria Morga
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Lupa
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Aneta Michna
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
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17
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Chang M, Wilson CJ, Karunatilleke NC, Moselhy MH, Karttunen M, Choy WY. Exploring the Conformational Landscape of the Neh4 and Neh5 Domains of Nrf2 Using Two Different Force Fields and Circular Dichroism. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3145-3156. [PMID: 33861593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-ARE transcriptional response pathway plays a critical role in protecting the cell from oxidative stresses via the upregulation of cytoprotective genes. Aberrant activation of Nrf2 in cancer cells can confer this cytoprotectivity, thereby reducing the efficacy of both chemotherapeutics and radiotherapies. Key to this antioxidant pathway is the interaction between Nrf2 and CREB binding protein (CBP), mediated by the Neh4 and Neh5 domains of Nrf2. Disruption of this interaction via small-molecule therapeutics could negate the effects of aberrant Nrf2 upregulation. Due to the disordered nature of these domains, there remains no three-dimensional structure of Neh4 or Neh5, making structure-based drug design a challenge. Here, we performed 48 μs of unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the Amber99SB*-ILDNP and CHARMM36m force fields and circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry experiments to elucidate the free-state structures of these domains; no previous data regarding their conformational landscapes exists. There are two main findings: First, we find Neh5 to be markedly more disordered than Neh4, which has nine residues in the middle of the domain showing α-helical propensity, thus pointing to Neh4 and Neh5 having different binding mechanisms. Second, the two force fields show strong differences for the glutamic acid-rich Neh5 peptide but are in reasonable agreement for Neh4, which has no glutamic acid. The CHARMM36m force field agrees more closely with the CD results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Carter J Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nadun Chanaka Karunatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hesham Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Wing-Yiu Choy
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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18
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Loskutov AI, Lokshin BV, Sazonova NM, Pinargote NS, Vysotskii VV, Loskutov SA. Features of the crystallization of multicomponent solutions: a dipeptide, its salt and potassium carbonate. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various stages of crystallization of the dipeptide potassium salt on graphite and gold. Possible molecular structures of the dipeptide (a) and its potassium salt (b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Loskutov
- Moscow State Technological University STANKIN, Vadkovskii per. 1, Moscow, 127994 Russia
| | - Boris V. Lokshin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Nellya M. Sazonova
- V. V. Zakusov Scientific Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya str. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | | | - Vladimir V. Vysotskii
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Sergei A. Loskutov
- Moscow State Technological University STANKIN, Vadkovskii per. 1, Moscow, 127994 Russia
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