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Fielden SDP. Kinetically Controlled and Nonequilibrium Assembly of Block Copolymers in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18781-18796. [PMID: 38967256 PMCID: PMC11258791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Covalent polymers are versatile macromolecules that have found widespread use in society. Contemporary methods of polymerization have made it possible to construct sequence polymers, including block copolymers, with high precision. Such copolymers assemble in solution when the blocks have differing solubilities. This produces nano- and microparticles of various shapes and sizes. While it is straightforward to draw an analogy between such amphiphilic block copolymers and phospholipids, these two classes of molecules show quite different assembly characteristics. In particular, block copolymers often assemble under kinetic control, thus producing nonequilibrium structures. This leads to a rich variety of behaviors being observed in block copolymer assembly, such as pathway dependence (e.g., thermal history), nonergodicity and responsiveness. The dynamics of polymer assemblies can be readily controlled using changes in environmental conditions and/or integrating functional groups situated on polymers with external chemical reactions. This perspective highlights that kinetic control is both pervasive and a useful attribute in the mechanics of block copolymer assembly. Recent examples are highlighted in order to show that toggling between static and dynamic behavior can be used to generate, manipulate and dismantle nonequilibrium states. New methods to control the kinetics of block copolymer assembly will provide endless unanticipated applications in materials science, biomimicry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. P. Fielden
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
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2
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Thermoresponsive Polymer Assemblies: From Molecular Design to Theranostics Application. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Read E, Lonetti B, Gineste S, Sutton AT, Di Cola E, Castignolles P, Gaborieau M, Mingotaud AF, Destarac M, Marty JD. Mechanistic insights into the formation of polyion complex aggregates from cationic thermoresponsive diblock copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:268-276. [PMID: 33548610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The formation of polyion complexes (PICs) comprising thermoresponsive polymers is intended to result in the formation of aggregates that undergo significant structural changes with temperature. Moreover the observed modifications might be critically affected by polymer structure and PICs composition. EXPERIMENTS Different block copolymers based on cationic poly(3-acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride) and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were synthesized by aqueous RAFT/MADIX polymerization at room temperature. Addition of poly(acrylic acid) in a controlled fashion led to the formation of PICs aggregates. The structural changes induced by temperature were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and scattering methods. FINDINGS Thermoresponsive PICs undergo significant structural changes when increasing temperature above the cloud point of the thermoresponsive block. The reversibility of these phenomena depends strongly on the structural parameters of the block copolymers and on PICs composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Read
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - B Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - S Gineste
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - A T Sutton
- Western Sydney University, ACROSS, School of Science, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, P.O. Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | | | - P Castignolles
- Western Sydney University, ACROSS, School of Science, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - M Gaborieau
- Western Sydney University, ACROSS, School of Science, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - A-F Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - M Destarac
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - J-D Marty
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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4
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Sproncken CM, Magana JR, Voets IK. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Attractive Soft Matter: Association Kinetics, Dynamics, and Pathway Complexity in Electrostatically Coassembled Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:167-179. [PMID: 33628618 PMCID: PMC7894791 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically coassembled micelles constitute a versatile class of functional soft materials with broad application potential as, for example, encapsulation agents for nanomedicine and nanoreactors for gels and inorganic particles. The nanostructures that form upon the mixing of selected oppositely charged (block co)polymers and other ionic species greatly depend on the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of the micellar building blocks, such as charge density, block length (ratio), and hydrophobicity. Nearly three decades of research since the introduction of this new class of polymer micelles shed significant light on the structure and properties of the steady-state association colloids. Dynamics and out-of-equilibrium processes, such as (dis)assembly pathways, exchange kinetics of the micellar constituents, and reaction-assembly networks, have steadily gained more attention. We foresee that the broadened scope will contribute toward the design and preparation of otherwise unattainable structures with emergent functionalities and properties. This Viewpoint focuses on current efforts to study such dynamic and out-of-equilibrium processes with greater spatiotemporal detail. We highlight different approaches and discuss how they reveal and rationalize similarities and differences in the behavior of mixed micelles prepared under various conditions and from different polymeric building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
C. M. Sproncken
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. Rodrigo Magana
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Sarkar J, Chan KBJ, Goto A. Reduction-responsive double hydrophilic block copolymer nano-capsule synthesized via RCMP-PISA. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01764g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Double hydrophilic block copolymer vesicles synthesized via RCMP-PISA are degradable under a reductive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Kai Bin Jonathan Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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6
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7
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Narayanan T, Konovalov O. Synchrotron Scattering Methods for Nanomaterials and Soft Matter Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E752. [PMID: 32041363 PMCID: PMC7040635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of broad range of applications of synchrotron scattering methods in the investigation of nanoscale materials. These scattering techniques allow the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of nanomaterials from sub-nm to micron size scales and down to sub-millisecond time ranges both in bulk and at interfaces. A major advantage of scattering methods is that they provide the ensemble averaged information under in situ and operando conditions. As a result, they are complementary to various imaging techniques which reveal more local information. Scattering methods are particularly suitable for probing buried structures that are difficult to image. Although, many qualitative features can be directly extracted from scattering data, derivation of detailed structural and dynamical information requires quantitative modeling. The fourth-generation synchrotron sources open new possibilities for investigating these complex systems by exploiting the enhanced brightness and coherence properties of X-rays.
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8
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Fehér B, Zhu K, Nyström B, Varga I, Pedersen JS. Effect of Temperature and Ionic Strength on Micellar Aggregates of Oppositely Charged Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Polyelectrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13614-13623. [PMID: 31577150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of two oppositely charged diblock copolymers that have a common thermosensitive nonionic block of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAM) has been investigated. The effect of the mixing ratio and total polymer concentrations on the self-assembly of the components and on the phase stability of the mixtures was studied by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, and turbidimetry measurements in water at 20 °C. The effect of the competing electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions on the nanostructure of negatively charged electrostatically self-assembled micelles bearing a pNIPAAM corona was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were controlled independently by tuning the ionic strength (from pure water to 50 mM NaCl) and the temperature (20-50 °C) of the investigated mixtures. The SAXS data could be fitted by a spherical micelle model, which has a smoothly decaying radial profile and a Gaussian star term that describes the internal structure of the micellar structures and possible attractive interactions between the polymer chains. At high temperature, a cluster structure factor was included for describing the formation of bulky clusters of the formed micelles. At low temperature and ionic strength, the formation of micelles with a coacervate core and hydrated pNIPAAM shell was observed. The structural evolution of the self-assembled micelles with increasing ionic strength and temperature could be followed, and finally at high ionic strength and temperature, the formation of inverted micelles with a hydrophobic core and polyelectrolyte shell could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Fehér
- Institute of Chemistry , ELTE , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , Budapest 1117 , Hungary
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , N-0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , N-0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Imre Varga
- Institute of Chemistry , ELTE , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , Budapest 1117 , Hungary
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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9
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Mergel O, Schneider S, Tiwari R, Kühn PT, Keskin D, Stuart MCA, Schöttner S, de Kanter M, Noyong M, Caumanns T, Mayer J, Janzen C, Simon U, Gallei M, Wöll D, van Rijn P, Plamper FA. Cargo shuttling by electrochemical switching of core-shell microgels obtained by a facile one-shot polymerization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1844-1856. [PMID: 30842853 PMCID: PMC6371888 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the electrochemical properties of electroactive polymeric colloids is a highly topical but still a rather unexplored field of research. This is especially true when considering more complex particle architectures like stimuli-responsive microgels, which would entail different kinetic constraints for charge transport within one particle. We synthesize and electrochemically address dual stimuli responsive core-shell microgels, where the temperature-responsiveness modulates not only the internal structure, but also the microgel electroactivity both on an internal and on a global scale. In detail, a facile one-step precipitation polymerization results in architecturally advanced poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylferrocene) P(NIPAM-co-VFc) microgels with a ferrocene (Fc)-enriched (collapsed/hard) core and a NIPAM-rich shell. While the remaining Fc units in the shell are electrochemically accessible, the electrochemical activity of Fc in the core is limited due to the restricted mobility of redox active sites and therefore restricted electron transfer in the compact core domain. Still, prolonged electrochemical action and/or chemical oxidation enable a reversible adjustment of the internal microgel structure from core-shell microgels with a dense core to completely oxidized microgels with a highly swollen core and a denser corona. The combination of thermo-sensitive and redox-responsive units being part of the network allows for efficient amplification of the redox response on the overall microgel dimension, which is mainly governed by the shell. Further, it allows for an electrochemical switching of polarity (hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity) of the microgel, enabling an electrochemically triggered uptake and release of active guest molecules. Hence, bactericidal drugs can be released to effectively kill bacteria. In addition, good biocompatibility of the microgels in cell tests suggests suitability of the new microgel system for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mergel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Philipp T Kühn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Damla Keskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schöttner
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Martinus de Kanter
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT , RWTH Aachen University , Steinbachstr. 15 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Michael Noyong
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , JARA-SOFT , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Tobias Caumanns
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy , RWTH Aachen University , Ahornstraße 55 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy , RWTH Aachen University , Ahornstraße 55 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Christoph Janzen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT) , Steinbachstr. 15 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , JARA-SOFT , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Felix A Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Leipziger Straße 29 , 09599 Freiberg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-3731-39-2139
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10
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van Hees IA, Swinkels PJM, Fokkink RG, Velders AH, Voets IK, van der Gucht J, Kamperman M. Self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte block copolymers containing short thermoresponsive blocks. Polym Chem 2019; 10:3127-3134. [PMID: 34912475 PMCID: PMC8612725 DOI: 10.1039/c9py00250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of oppositely charged block copolymers, containing small thermoresponsive moieties, was investigated as a function of salt concentration and temperature. Aqueous solutions of poly-[N-isopropylacrylamide]-b-poly[dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate] (NIPAM44-b-DMAEMA216) and PNIPAM-b-poly[acrylic acid]-b-PNIPAM (NIPAM35-b-AA200-b-NIPAM35) were mixed in equal charge stoichiometry, and analysed by light scattering (LS), NMR spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). At room temperature, two different micelle morphologies were found at different salt concentrations. At NaCl concentrations below 0.75 M, complex coacervate core micelles (C3M) with a PNIPAM corona were formed as a result of interpolyelectrolyte complexation. At NaCl concentrations exceeding 0.75 M, the C3M micelles inverted into PNIPAM cored micelles (PCM), containing a water soluble polyelectrolyte corona. This behavior is ascribed to the salt concentration dependence of both the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, and the complex coacervation. Above 0.75 M NaCl, the PNIPAM blocks are insoluble in water at room temperature, while complexation between the polyelectrolytes is prevented because of charge screening by the salt. Upon increasing the temperature, both types of micelles display a cloud point temperature (Tcp), despite the small thermoresponsive blocks, and aggregate into hydrogels. These hydrogels consist of a complexed polyelectrolyte matrix with microphase separated PNIPAM domains. Controlling the morphology and aggregation of temperature sensitive polyelectrolytes can be an important tool for drug delivery systems, or the application and hardening of underwater glues. The assembly of oppositely charged block copolymers, containing small thermoresponsive moieties, was investigated as a function of salt concentration and temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. van Hees
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - P. J. M. Swinkels
- Institute of Physics
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - R. G. Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - A. H. Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - I. K. Voets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - J. van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Kamperman
- Polymer Science
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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11
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Takahashi R, Narayanan T, Yusa SI, Sato T. Kinetics of Morphological Transition between Cylindrical and Spherical Micelles in a Mixture of Anionic–Neutral and Cationic–Neutral Block Copolymers Studied by Time-Resolved SAXS and USAXS. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- ESRF−The
European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku,
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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12
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Dähling C, Houston JE, Radulescu A, Drechsler M, Brugnoni M, Mori H, Pergushov DV, Plamper FA. Self-Templated Generation of Triggerable and Restorable Nonequilibrium Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:341-346. [PMID: 35632909 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conditional variations can lead to micellar transformations resulting in various (equilibrium) morphologies. However, creating differently shaped assemblies under the same final conditions (same ingredients, composition, temperature, etc.) is challenging. We present a thermoresponsive polyelectrolyte system allowing a pathway-dependent preparation of kinetically stable spherical star-like or cylindrical micelles. In more detail, a temperature-induced structure switch is used to generate equilibrated interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) micelles of different morphologies (templates) below and above the lower critical solution temperature in the presence of plasticizer (salt). Then, lowering the salt concentration at a specific temperature kinetically freezes the formed IPECs, keeping the respective microstructural information encoded in the frozen IPEC also at other temperatures. Hence, different nonequilibrium morphologies at the same final conditions are provided. The salt-triggered transition from nonequilibrium to equilibrium micelles can be repeated for the same sample, highlighting a system with an on-demand changeable and restorable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dähling
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith E. Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Monia Brugnoni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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13
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Nakahata R, Yusa SI. Preparation of Water-soluble Polyion Complex (PIC) Micelles Covered with Amphoteric Random Copolymer Shells with Pendant Sulfonate and Quaternary Amino Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E205. [PMID: 30966241 PMCID: PMC6415021 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An amphoteric random copolymer (P(SA)91) composed of anionic sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS, S) and cationic 3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC, A) was prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. The subscripts in the abbreviations indicate the degree of polymerization (DP). Furthermore, AMPS and APTAC were polymerized using a P(SA)91 macro-chain transfer agent to prepare an anionic diblock copolymer (P(SA)91S67) and a cationic diblock copolymer (P(SA)91A88), respectively. The DP was estimated from quantitative 13C NMR measurements. A stoichiometrically charge neutralized mixture of the aqueous P(SA)91S67 and P(SA)91A88 formed water-soluble polyion complex (PIC) micelles comprising PIC cores and amphoteric random copolymer shells. The PIC micelles were in a dynamic equilibrium state between PIC micelles and charge neutralized small aggregates composed of a P(SA)91S67/P(SA)91A88 pair. Interactions between PIC micelles and fetal bovine serum (FBS) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were evaluated by changing the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and light scattering intensity (LSI). Increases in Rh and LSI were not observed for the mixture of PIC micelles and FBS in PBS for one day. This observation suggests that there is no interaction between PIC micelles and proteins, because the PIC micelle surfaces were covered with amphoteric random copolymer shells. However, with increasing time, the diblock copolymer chains that were dissociated from PIC micelles interacted with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Nakahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
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14
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Gineste S, Di Cola E, Amouroux B, Till U, Marty JD, Mingotaud AF, Mingotaud C, Violleau F, Berti D, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Balor S, Sztucki M, Lonetti B. Mechanistic Insights into Polyion Complex Associations. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Gineste
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Emanuela Di Cola
- BioSoftMatter
Laboratorio Dip CBBM LITA, Universita di Milano, Via F lli Cervi
93 MI IT, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Baptiste Amouroux
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Ugo Till
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
- Département
Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, Cedex 03 F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Marty
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Mingotaud
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Violleau
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INP-EI PURPAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Debora Berti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence and CSGI, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department
of Chemistry Ugo Schiff and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department
of Chemistry Ugo Schiff and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Balor
- Plateforme
METi, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Sztucki
- European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility-71, avenue des Martyrs,
CS 40220, Cedex 9 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire
des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Cedex 9 F-31062, Toulouse, France
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15
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16
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Steinschulte AA, Scotti A, Rahimi K, Nevskyi O, Oppermann A, Schneider S, Bochenek S, Schulte MF, Geisel K, Jansen F, Jung A, Mallmann S, Winter R, Richtering W, Wöll D, Schweins R, Warren NJ, Plamper FA. Stimulated Transitions of Directed Nonequilibrium Self-Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703495. [PMID: 29024083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Near-equilibrium stimulus-responsive polymers have been used extensively to introduce morphological variations in dependence of adaptable conditions. Far-less-well studied are triggered transformations at constant conditions. These require the involvement of metastable states, which are either able to approach the equilibrium state after deviation from metastability or can be frozen on returning from nonequilibrium to equilibrium. Such functional nonequilibrium macromolecular systems hold great promise for on-demand transformations, which result in substantial changes in their material properties, as seen for triggered gelations. Herein, a diblock copolymer system consisting of a hydrophilic block and a block that is responsive to both pressure and temperature, is introduced. This species demonstrates various micellar transformations upon leaving equilibrium/nonequilibrium states, which are triggered by a temperature deflection or a temporary application of hydrostatic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Center for Chemical Polymer Technology (CPT), Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oleksii Nevskyi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Oppermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie F Schulte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Geisel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felicitas Jansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Jung
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Mallmann
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Center for Chemical Polymer Technology (CPT), Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry I, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin ILL, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Felix A Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Steinschulte AA, Gelissen AP, Jung A, Brugnoni M, Caumanns T, Lotze G, Mayer J, Pergushov DV, Plamper FA. Facile Screening of Various Micellar Morphologies by Blending Miktoarm Stars and Diblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:711-715. [PMID: 35650875 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A time-saving phase-diagram screening is introduced for the self-assembly of miktoarm star polymers with different arm numbers for the insoluble part. Agreeing with theory, all conventional micellar morphologies (spherical star-like micelles, cylindrical micelles and vesicles) can be accessed by adjusting the average arm number when blending miktoarm stars with diblock copolymers (at constant arm/block lengths). Additionally, a rare clustered vesicle phase is detected. Hence, this approach permits an easy tuning of the equilibrium morphology and the size of the solvophobic domain. Such screening by scattering, ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy techniques assists the targeted synthesis of miktoarm stars with a well-defined arm number, aimed at the morphology control of the nanostructures without blending. Specifically, we demonstrate a systematic variation of all classical micellar morphologies based on interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs), consisting of a water-insoluble part formed by electrostatically coupled poly(styrenesulfonate) chains/quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) blocks, being stabilized by hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjan P.H. Gelissen
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Jung
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Monia Brugnoni
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Caumanns
- GFE
Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstraße 55, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lotze
- ESRF −
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID02 - Time-Resolved
Ultra Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Joachim Mayer
- GFE
Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstraße 55, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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