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Wang L, Lin H, Zhu Y, Ge X, Li M, Liu J, Chen F, Zhang M, Cheng JX. Overtone photothermal microscopy for high-resolution and high-sensitivity vibrational imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5374. [PMID: 38918400 PMCID: PMC11199576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Photothermal microscopy is a highly sensitive pump-probe method for mapping nanostructures and molecules through the detection of local thermal gradients. While visible photothermal microscopy and mid-infrared photothermal microscopy techniques have been developed, they possess inherent limitations. These techniques either lack chemical specificity or encounter significant light attenuation caused by water absorption. Here, we present an overtone photothermal (OPT) microscopy technique that offers high chemical specificity, detection sensitivity, and spatial resolution by employing a visible probe for local heat detection in the C-H overtone region. We demonstrate its capability for high-fidelity chemical imaging of polymer nanostructures, depth-resolved intracellular chemical mapping of cancer cells, and imaging of multicellular C. elegans organisms and highly scattering brain tissues. By bridging the gap between visible and mid-infrared photothermal microscopy, OPT establishes a new modality for high-resolution and high-sensitivity chemical imaging. This advancement complements large-scale shortwave infrared imaging approaches, facilitating multiscale structural and chemical investigations of materials and biological metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fukai Chen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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2
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Prater CB, Kjoller KJ, Stuart APD, Grigg DA, 'Limurn R, Gough KM. Widefield Super-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging of Autofluorescent Biological Materials and Photosynthetic Microorganisms Using Fluorescence Detected Photothermal Infrared (FL-PTIR). APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241256978. [PMID: 38803165 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241256978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We have demonstrated high-speed, super-resolution infrared (IR) spectroscopy and chemical imaging of autofluorescent biomaterials and organisms using camera-based widefield photothermal detection that takes advantage of temperature-dependent modulations of autofluorescent emission. A variety of biological materials and photosynthetic organisms exhibit strong autofluorescence emission under ultraviolet excitation and the autofluorescent emission has a very strong temperature dependence, of order 1%/K. Illuminating a sample with pulses of IR light from a wavelength-tunable laser source causes periodic localized sample temperature increases that result in a corresponding transient decrease in autofluorescent emission. A low-cost light-emitting diode-based fluorescence excitation source was used in combination with a conventional fluorescence microscopy camera to detect localized variations in autofluorescent emission over a wide area as an indicator of localized IR absorption. IR absorption image stacks were acquired over a range of IR wavelengths, including the fingerprint spectral range, enabling extraction of localized IR absorption spectra. We have applied widefield fluorescence detected photothermal IR (FL-PTIR) to an analysis of autofluorescent biological materials including collagen, leaf tissue, and photosynthetic organisms including diatoms and green microalgae cells. We have also demonstrated the FL-PTIR on live microalgae in water, demonstrating the potential for label-free dynamic chemical imaging of autofluorescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Prater
- Photothermal Spectroscopy Corporation, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Kevin J Kjoller
- Photothermal Spectroscopy Corporation, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Andrew P D Stuart
- Photothermal Spectroscopy Corporation, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - David A Grigg
- Photothermal Spectroscopy Corporation, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Rinuk 'Limurn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Gough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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3
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Teng X, Li M, He H, Jia D, Yin J, Bolarinho R, Cheng JX. Mid-infrared Photothermal Imaging: Instrument and Life Science Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7895-7906. [PMID: 38702858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongjian He
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Danchen Jia
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Rylie Bolarinho
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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4
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Samolis PD, Sander MY. Increasing contrast in water-embedded particles via time-gated mid-infrared photothermal microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1457-1460. [PMID: 38489424 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The transient dynamics of photothermal signals provide interesting insights into material properties and heat diffusion. In a mid-infrared (mid-IR) photothermal microscope, the imaging contrast in a standard amplitude imaging can decrease due to thermal diffusion effects. It is shown that contrast varies for poly-methyl 2-methylpropenoate (PMMA) particles of different sizes when embedded in an absorbing medium of water (H2O) based on levels of heat exchange under the water absorption resonance. Using time-resolved boxcar (BC) detection, analysis of the transient thermal dynamics at the bead-water interface is presented, and the time decay parameters for 500 nm and 100 nm beads are determined. Enhanced (negative) imaging contrast is observed for less heat exchange between the water and bead, as in the case for the 100 nm bead. For the 500 nm bead, boxcar imaging before heat exchange starts occurring, leads to an increase of the imaging contrast up to a factor of 1.6.
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5
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Park C, Cho M. Dual phase-detected infrared photothermal microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6865-6875. [PMID: 38439382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Infrared photothermal microscopy (IPM) has recently gained considerable attention as a versatile analytical platform capable of providing spatially resolved molecular insights across diverse research fields. This technique has led to numerous breakthroughs in the study of compositional variations in functional materials and cellular dynamics in living cells. However, its application to investigate multiple components of temporally dynamic systems, such as living cells and operational devices, has been hampered by the limited information content of the IP signal, which only covers a narrow spectral window (< 1 cm-1). Here, we present a straightforward approach for measuring two distinct IPM images utilizing the orthogonality between the in-phase and quadrature outputs of a lock-in amplifier, called dual-phase IR photothermal (DP-IP) detection. We demonstrate the feasibility of DP-IP detection for IPM in distinguishing two different micro-sized polymer beads.
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6
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Park C, Lim JM, Hong SC, Cho M. Monitoring the synthesis of neutral lipids in lipid droplets of living human cancer cells using two-color infrared photothermal microscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1237-1247. [PMID: 38274065 PMCID: PMC10806728 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the functions of lipid droplets (LDs) due to recent discoveries regarding their diverse roles. These functions encompass lipid metabolism, regulation of lipotoxicity, and signaling pathways that extend beyond their traditional role in energy storage. Consequently, there is a need to examine the molecular dynamics of LDs at the subcellular level. Two-color infrared photothermal microscopy (2C-IPM) has proven to be a valuable tool for elucidating the molecular dynamics occurring in LDs with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and molecular specificity. In this study, we employed the 2C-IPM to investigate the molecular dynamics of LDs in both fixed and living human cancer cells (U2OS cells) using the isotope labeling method. We investigated the synthesis of neutral lipids occurring in individual LDs over time after exposing the cells to excess saturated fatty acids while simultaneously comparing inherent lipid contents in LDs. We anticipate that these research findings will reveal new opportunities for studying lesser-known biological processes within LDs and other subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjong Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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7
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Nwachukwu O, Kniazev K, Abarca Perez A, Kuno M, Doudrick K. Single-Particle Analysis of the Photodegradation of Submicron Polystyrene Particles Using Infrared Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1312-1320. [PMID: 38173246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sunlight irradiation is the predominant process for degrading plastics in the environment, but our current understanding of the degradation of smaller, submicron (<1000 nm) particles is limited due to prior analytical constraints. We used infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging (IR-PHI) to simultaneously analyze the chemical and morphological changes of single polystyrene (PS) particles (∼1000 nm) when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (λ = 250-400 nm). Within 6 h of irradiation, infrared bands associated with the backbone of PS decreased, accompanied by a reduction in the particle size. Concurrently, the formation of several spectral features due to photooxidation was attributed to ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, and lactones. Spectral outcomes were used to present an updated reaction scheme for the photodegradation of PS. After 36 h, the average particle size was reduced to 478 ± 158 nm. The rates of size decrease and carbonyl band area increase were -24 ± 3.0 nm h-1 and 2.1 ± 0.6 cm-1 h-1, respectively. Using the size-related rate, we estimated that under peak terrestrial sunlight conditions, it would take less than 500 h for a 1000 nm PS particle to degrade to 1 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma Nwachukwu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kirill Kniazev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Angela Abarca Perez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kyle Doudrick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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8
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de Oliveira AP, Chase W, Confer MP, Walker S, Baghel D, Ghosh A. Colocalization of β-Sheets and Carotenoids in Aβ Plaques Revealed with Multimodal Spatially Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:33-44. [PMID: 38124262 PMCID: PMC10851346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid β(Aβ) peptides is at the heart of Alzheimer's disease development and progression. As a result, amyloid aggregates have been studied extensively in vitro, and detailed structural information on fibrillar amyloid aggregates is available. However, forwarding these structural models to amyloid plaques in the human brain is still a major challenge. The chemistry of amyloid plaques, particularly in terms of the protein secondary structure and associated chemical moieties, remains poorly understood. In this report, we use Raman microspectroscopy to identify the presence of carotenoids in amyloid plaques and demonstrate that the abundance of carotenoids is correlated with the overall protein secondary structure of plaques, specifically to the population of β-sheets. While the association of carotenoids with plaques has been previously identified, their correlation with the β structure has never been identified. To further validate these findings, we have used optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, which is a spatially resolved technique that yields complementary infrared contrast to Raman. O-PTIR unequivocally demonstrates the presence of elevated β-sheets in carotenoid-containing plaques and the lack of β structure in noncarotenoid plaques. Our findings underscore the potential link between anti-inflammatory species as carotenoids to specific secondary structural motifs within Aβ plaques and highlight the possible role of chemically distinct plaques in neuroinflammation, which can uncover new mechanistic insights and lead to new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Chase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Matthew P. Confer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Savannah Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Divya Baghel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
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9
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Zhu H, Chen B, Yakovlev VV, Zhang D. Time-resolved vibrational dynamics: Novel opportunities for sensing and imaging. Talanta 2024; 266:125046. [PMID: 37595525 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of time-resolved spectroscopies has resulted in significant advancements across numerous scientific disciplines, particularly those concerned with molecular electronic states. However, the intricacy of molecular vibrational spectroscopies, which provide comprehensive molecular-level information within complex structures, has presented considerable challenges due to the ultrashort dephasing time. Over recent decades, an increasing focus has been placed on exploring the temporal progression of bond vibrations, thereby facilitating an improved understanding of energy redistribution within and between molecules. This review article focuses on an array of time-resolved detection methodologies, each distinguished by unique technological attributes that offer exclusive capabilities for investigating the physical phenomena propelled by molecular vibrational dynamics. In summary, time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy emerges as a potent instrument for deciphering the dynamic behavior of molecules. Its potential for driving future progress across fields as diverse as biology and materials science is substantial, marking a promising future for this innovative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
| | - Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Delong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
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10
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Zong H, Yurdakul C, Zhao J, Wang Z, Chen F, Ünlü MS, Cheng JX. Bond-selective full-field optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:41202-41218. [PMID: 38087525 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a label-free, non-invasive 3D imaging tool widely used in both biological research and clinical diagnosis. Conventional OCT modalities can only visualize specimen tomography without chemical information. Here, we report a bond-selective full-field OCT (BS-FF-OCT), in which a pulsed mid-infrared laser is used to modulate the OCT signal through the photothermal effect, achieving label-free bond-selective 3D sectioned imaging of highly scattering samples. We first demonstrate BS-FF-OCT imaging of 1 µm PMMA beads embedded in agarose gel. Next, we show 3D hyperspectral imaging of up to 75 µm of polypropylene fiber mattress from a standard surgical mask. We then demonstrate BS-FF-OCT imaging on biological samples, including cancer cell spheroids and C. elegans. Using an alternative pulse timing configuration, we finally demonstrate the capability of BS-FF-OCT on imaging a highly scattering myelinated axons region in a mouse brain tissue slice.
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11
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Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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12
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West R, Kanellopulos K, Schmid S. Photothermal Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Nanomechanical Resonators. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21915-21929. [PMID: 38024195 PMCID: PMC10659107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In nanomechanical photothermal absorption spectroscopy and microscopy, the measured substance becomes a part of the detection system itself, inducing a nanomechanical resonance frequency shift upon thermal relaxation. Suspended, nanometer-thin ceramic or 2D material resonators are innately highly sensitive thermal detectors of localized heat exchanges from substances on their surface or integrated into the resonator itself. Consequently, the combined nanoresonator-analyte system is a self-measuring spectrometer and microscope responding to a substance's transfer of heat over the entire spectrum for which it absorbs, according to the intensity it experiences. Limited by their own thermostatistical fluctuation phenomena, nanoresonators have demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for measuring trace analyte as well as single particles and molecules with incoherent light or focused and wide-field coherent light. They are versatile in their design, support various sampling methods-potentially including hydrated sample encapsulation-and hyphenation with other spectroscopic methods, and are capable in a wide range of applications including fingerprinting, separation science, and surface sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
G. West
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Kanellopulos
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Samolis P, Zhu X, Sander MY. Time-Resolved Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy for Imaging Water-Embedded Axon Bundles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16514-16521. [PMID: 37880191 PMCID: PMC10652238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Few experimental tools exist for performing label-free imaging of biological samples in a water-rich environment due to the high infrared absorption of water, overlapping with major protein and lipid bands. A novel imaging modality based on time-resolved mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is introduced and applied to imaging axon bundles in a saline bath environment. Photothermally induced spatial gradients at the axon bundle membrane interfaces with saline and surrounding biological tissue are observed and temporally characterized by a high-speed boxcar detection system. Localized time profiles with an enhanced signal-to-noise, hyper-temporal image stacks, and two-dimensional mapping of the time decay profiles are acquired without the need for complex post image processing. Axon bundles are found to have a larger distribution of time decay profiles compared to the water background, allowing background differentiation based on these transient dynamics. The quantitative analysis of the signal evolution over time allows characterizing the level of thermal confinement at different regions. When axon bundles are surrounded by complex heterogeneous tissue, which contains smaller features, a stronger thermal confinement is observed compared to a water environment, thus shedding light on the heat transfer dynamics across aqueous biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis
D. Samolis
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics
Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xuedong Zhu
- Photonics
Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Michelle Y. Sander
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics
Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston
University, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
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14
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Bhandari J, Brown BS, Huffman JA, Hartland GV. Photothermal heterodyne imaging of micron-sized objects. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8491-8496. [PMID: 38037961 DOI: 10.1364/ao.501222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized dye-doped polymer beads were imaged using transmitted/reflected light microscopy and photothermal heterodyne imaging (PHI) measurements. The transmitted/reflected light images show distinct ring patterns that are attributed to diffraction effects and/or internal reflections within the beads. In the PHI experiments pump laser induced heating changes the refractive index and size of the bead, which causes changes in the diffraction pattern and internal reflections. This creates an analogous ring pattern in the PHI images. The ring pattern disappears in both the reflected light and PHI experiments when an incoherent light source is used as a probe. When the beads are imaged in an organic medium heat transfer changes the refractive index of the environment, and gives rise to a ring pattern external to the beads in the PHI images. This causes the beads to appear larger than their physical dimensions in PHI experiments. This external signal does not appear when the beads are imaged in air because the refractive index changes in air are very small.
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15
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Zhu Y, Ge X, Ni H, Yin J, Lin H, Wang L, Tan Y, Prabhu Dessai CV, Li Y, Teng X, Cheng JX. Stimulated Raman photothermal microscopy toward ultrasensitive chemical imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2181. [PMID: 37889965 PMCID: PMC10610916 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has shown enormous potential in revealing molecular structures, dynamics, and couplings in complex systems. However, the sensitivity of SRS is fundamentally limited to the millimolar level due to shot noise and the small modulation depth. To overcome this barrier, we revisit SRS from the perspective of energy deposition. The SRS process pumps molecules to their vibrationally excited states. The subsequent relaxation heats up the surroundings and induces refractive index changes. By probing the refractive index changes with a laser beam, we introduce stimulated Raman photothermal (SRP) microscopy, where a >500-fold boost of modulation depth is achieved. The versatile applications of SRP microscopy on viral particles, cells, and tissues are demonstrated. SRP microscopy opens a way to perform vibrational spectroscopic imaging with ultrahigh sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongli Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Yueming Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xinyan Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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16
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Xia Q, Guo Z, Zong H, Seitz S, Yurdakul C, Ünlü MS, Wang L, Connor JH, Cheng JX. Single virus fingerprinting by widefield interferometric defocus-enhanced mid-infrared photothermal microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6655. [PMID: 37863905 PMCID: PMC10589364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical identification and fundamental study of viruses rely on the detection of viral proteins or viral nucleic acids. Yet, amplification-based and antigen-based methods are not able to provide precise compositional information of individual virions due to small particle size and low-abundance chemical contents (e.g., ~ 5000 proteins in a vesicular stomatitis virus). Here, we report a widefield interferometric defocus-enhanced mid-infrared photothermal (WIDE-MIP) microscope for high-throughput fingerprinting of single viruses. With the identification of feature absorption peaks, WIDE-MIP reveals the contents of viral proteins and nucleic acids in single DNA vaccinia viruses and RNA vesicular stomatitis viruses. Different nucleic acid signatures of thymine and uracil residue vibrations are obtained to differentiate DNA and RNA viruses. WIDE-MIP imaging further reveals an enriched β sheet components in DNA varicella-zoster virus proteins. Together, these advances open a new avenue for compositional analysis of viral vectors and elucidating protein function in an assembled virion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhongyue Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haonan Zong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Scott Seitz
- Department of Microbiology and National Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Celalettin Yurdakul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology and National Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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17
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Wang H, Lee D, Cao Y, Bi X, Du J, Miao K, Wei L. Bond-selective fluorescence imaging with single-molecule sensitivity. NATURE PHOTONICS 2023; 17:846-855. [PMID: 38162388 PMCID: PMC10756635 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-023-01243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioimaging harnessing optical contrasts and chemical specificity is of vital importance in probing complex biology. Vibrational spectroscopy based on mid-infrared (mid-IR) excitation can reveal rich chemical information about molecular distributions. However, its full potential for bioimaging is hindered by the achievable sensitivity. Here, we report bond selective fluorescence-detected infrared-excited (BonFIRE) spectral microscopy. BonFIRE employs two-photon excitation in the mid-IR and near-IR to upconvert vibrational excitations to electronic states for fluorescence detection, thus encoding vibrational information into fluorescence. The system utilizes tuneable narrowband picosecond pulses to ensure high sensitivity, biocompatibility, and robustness for bond-selective biological interrogations over a wide spectrum of reporter molecules. We demonstrate BonFIRE spectral imaging in both fingerprint and cell-silent spectroscopic windows with single-molecule sensitivity for common fluorescent dyes. We then demonstrate BonFIRE imaging on various intracellular targets in fixed and live cells, neurons, and tissues, with promises for further vibrational multiplexing. For dynamic bioanalysis in living systems, we implement a high-frequency modulation scheme and demonstrate time-lapse BonFIRE microscopy of live HeLa cells. We expect BonFIRE to expand the bioimaging toolbox by providing a new level of bond-specific vibrational information and facilitate functional imaging and sensing for biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Dongkwan Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Yulu Cao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Xiaotian Bi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jiajun Du
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kun Miao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Lu Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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18
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Kim D, Townsley S, Grassian VH. Vibrational spectroscopy as a probe of heterogeneities within geochemical thin films on macro, micro, and nanoscales. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28873-28884. [PMID: 37790106 PMCID: PMC10543985 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals play a critical role in the chemistry occurring along the interface of different environmental systems, including the atmosphere/geosphere and hydrosphere/geosphere. In the past few decades, vibrational spectroscopy has been used as a probe for studying interfacial geochemistry. Here, we compare four different vibrational methods for probing physical and chemical features across different mineral samples and length scales, from the macroscale to nanoscale. These methods include Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared (AFM-IR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The emergence of these micro-spectroscopic probes has offered new insights into heterogeneities within geochemical thin films and particles. These developments represent an important step forward for analyzing environmental interfaces and thin films as often these are assumed to be physically and chemically homogeneous. By comparing and integrating data across these measurement techniques, new insights into sample differences and heterogeneities can be gained. For example, interrogation of the various mineral samples at smaller length scales is shown to be particularly informative in highlighting unique chemical environments, including for chemically complex, multicomponent samples such as Arizona Test Dust (AZTD), as well as differences due to crystal orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Samantha Townsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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19
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Zhu Y, Ge X, Ni H, Yin J, Lin H, Wang L, Tan Y, Prabhu Dessai CV, Li Y, Teng X, Cheng JX. Stimulated Raman Photothermal Microscopy towards Ultrasensitive Chemical Imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531387. [PMID: 36945642 PMCID: PMC10028842 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has shown enormous potential in revealing molecular structures, dynamics and coupling in a complex system. However, the bond-detection sensitivity of SRS microscopy is fundamentally limited to milli-molar level due to the shot noise and the small modulation depth in either pump or Stokes beam4. Here, to overcome this barrier, we revisit SRS from the perspective of energy deposition. The SRS process pumps molecules to their vibrational excited states. The thereafter relaxation heats up the surrounding and induces a change in refractive index. By probing the refractive index change with a continuous wave beam, we introduce stimulated Raman photothermal (SRP) microscopy, where a >500-fold boost of modulation depth is achieved on dimethyl sulfide with conserved average power. Versatile applications of SRP microscopy on viral particles, cells, and tissues are demonstrated. With much improved signal to noise ratio compared to SRS, SRP microscopy opens a new way to perform vibrational spectroscopic imaging with ultrahigh sensitivity and minimal water absorption.
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20
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Samolis PD, Sander MY, Hong MK, Erramilli S, Narayan O. Thermal transport across membranes and the Kapitza length from photothermal microscopy. J Biol Phys 2023:10.1007/s10867-023-09636-0. [PMID: 37477759 PMCID: PMC10397174 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-023-09636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An analytical model is presented for light scattering associated with heat transport near a cell membrane that divides a complex system into two topologically distinct half-spaces. Our analysis is motivated by experiments on vibrational photothermal microscopy which have not only demonstrated remarkably high contrast and resolution, but also are capable of providing label-free local information of heat transport in complex morphologies. In the first Born approximation, the derived Green's function leads to the reconstruction of a full 3D image with photothermal contrast obtained using both amplitude and phase detection of periodic excitations. We show that important fundamental parameters including the Kapitza length and Kapitza resistance can be derived from experiments. Our goal is to spur additional experimental studies with high-frequency modulation and heterodyne detection in order to make contact with recent theoretical molecular dynamics calculations of thermal transport properties in membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis D Samolis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Y Sander
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mi K Hong
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shyamsunder Erramilli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Onuttom Narayan
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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21
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Yin J, Zhang M, Tan Y, Guo Z, He H, Lan L, Cheng JX. Video-rate mid-infrared photothermal imaging by single-pulse photothermal detection per pixel. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8814. [PMID: 37315131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By optically sensing absorption-induced photothermal effect, mid-infrared (IR) photothermal (MIP) microscope enables super-resolution IR imaging of biological systems in water. However, the speed of current sample-scanning MIP system is limited to milliseconds per pixel, which is insufficient for capturing living dynamics. By detecting the transient photothermal signal induced by a single IR pulse through fast digitization, we report a laser-scanning MIP microscope that increases the imaging speed by three orders of magnitude. To realize single-pulse photothermal detection, we use synchronized galvo scanning of both mid-IR and probe beams to achieve an imaging line rate of more than 2 kilohertz. With video-rate speed, we observed the dynamics of various biomolecules in living organisms at multiple scales. Furthermore, by using hyperspectral imaging, we chemically dissected the layered ultrastructure of fungal cell wall. Last, with a uniform field of view more than 200 by 200 square micrometer, we mapped fat storage in free-moving Caenorhabditis elegans and live embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhongyue Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lu Lan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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22
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Zhao J, Jiang L, Matlock A, Xu Y, Zhu J, Zhu H, Tian L, Wolozin B, Cheng JX. Mid-infrared chemical imaging of intracellular tau fibrils using fluorescence-guided computational photothermal microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:147. [PMID: 37322011 PMCID: PMC10272128 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid proteins are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains a grand challenge to extract molecular structure information from intracellular amyloid proteins in their native cellular environment. To address this challenge, we developed a computational chemical microscope integrating 3D mid-infrared photothermal imaging with fluorescence imaging, termed Fluorescence-guided Bond-Selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography (FBS-IDT). Based on a low-cost and simple optical design, FBS-IDT enables chemical-specific volumetric imaging and 3D site-specific mid-IR fingerprint spectroscopic analysis of tau fibrils, an important type of amyloid protein aggregates, in their intracellular environment. Label-free volumetric chemical imaging of human cells with/without seeded tau fibrils is demonstrated to show the potential correlation between lipid accumulation and tau aggregate formation. Depth-resolved mid-infrared fingerprint spectroscopy is performed to reveal the protein secondary structure of the intracellular tau fibrils. 3D visualization of the β-sheet for tau fibril structure is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alex Matlock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yihong Xu
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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23
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Bhargava R. Digital Histopathology by Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:205-230. [PMID: 37068745 PMCID: PMC10408309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-101422-090956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging records spatially resolved molecular vibrational spectra, enabling a comprehensive measurement of the chemical makeup and heterogeneity of biological tissues. Combining this novel contrast mechanism in microscopy with the use of artificial intelligence can transform the practice of histopathology, which currently relies largely on human examination of morphologic patterns within stained tissue. First, this review summarizes IR imaging instrumentation especially suited to histopathology, analyses of its performance, and major trends. Second, an overview of data processing methods and application of machine learning is given, with an emphasis on the emerging use of deep learning. Third, a discussion on workflows in pathology is provided, with four categories proposed based on the complexity of methods and the analytical performance needed. Last, a set of guidelines, termed experimental and analytical specifications for spectroscopic imaging in histopathology, are proposed to help standardize the diversity of approaches in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Cancer Center at Illinois; and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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24
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Tang M, Han Y, Jia D, Yang Q, Cheng JX. Far-field super-resolution chemical microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 37277396 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a nondestructive way of chemical identification without exterior labels. However, the diffraction limit of optics hindered it from discovering more details under the resolution limit. Recent development of super-resolution techniques gives enlightenment to open this door behind far-field chemical microscopy. Here, we review recent advances that have pushed the boundary of far-field chemical microscopy in terms of spatial resolution. We further highlight applications in biomedical research, material characterization, environmental study, cultural heritage conservation, and integrated chip inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA.
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25
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Wang H, Lee D, Wei L. Toward the Next Frontiers of Vibrational Bioimaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:3-17. [PMID: 37122829 PMCID: PMC10131268 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical imaging based on vibrational contrasts can extract molecular information entangled in complex biological systems. To this end, nonlinear Raman scattering microscopy, mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force-detected photothermal microscopies are emerging with better chemical sensitivity, molecular specificity, and spatial resolution than conventional vibrational methods. Their utilization in bioimaging applications has provided biological knowledge in unprecedented detail. This Perspective outlines key methodological developments, bioimaging applications, and recent technical innovations of the three techniques. Representative biological demonstrations are also highlighted to exemplify the unique advantages of obtaining vibrational contrasts. With years of effort, these three methods compose an expanding vibrational bioimaging toolbox to tackle specific bioimaging needs, benefiting many biological investigations with rich information in both label-free and labeling manners. Each technique will be discussed and compared in the outlook, leading to possible future directions to accommodate growing needs in vibrational bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dongkwan Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lu Wei
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Yin J, Zhang M, Tan Y, Guo Z, He H, Lan L, Cheng JX. Video-rate Mid-infrared Photothermal Imaging by Single Pulse Photothermal Detection per Pixel. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.27.530116. [PMID: 36909493 PMCID: PMC10002684 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
By optically sensing the mid-infrared absorption induced photothermal effect, midinfrared photothermal (MIP) microscope enables super-resolution IR imaging and scrutinizing of biological systems in an aqueous environment. However, the speed of current lock-in based sample-scanning MIP system is limited to 1.0 millisecond or longer per pixel, which is insufficient for capturing dynamics inside living systems. Here, we report a single pulse laserscanning MIP microscope that dramatically increases the imaging speed by three orders of magnitude. We harness a lock-in free demodulation scheme which uses high-speed digitization to resolve single IR pulse induced contrast at nanosecond time scale. To realize single pulse photothermal detection at each pixel, we employ two sets of galvo mirrors for synchronized scanning of mid-infrared and probe beams to achieve an imaging line rate over 2 kHz. With video-rate imaging capability, we observed two types of distinct dynamics of lipids in living cells. Furthermore, by hyperspectral imaging, we chemically dissected a single cell wall at nanometer scale. Finally, with a uniform field of view over 200 by 200 μm 2 and 2 Hz frame rate, we mapped fat storage in free-moving C. elegans and live embryos.
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27
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Bai Y, Guo Z, Pereira FC, Wagner M, Cheng JX. Mid-Infrared Photothermal-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Functional Analysis and Genetic Identification of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2398-2405. [PMID: 36652555 PMCID: PMC9893215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous identification and metabolic analysis of microbes with single-cell resolution and high throughput are necessary to answer the question of "who eats what, when, and where" in complex microbial communities. Here, we present a mid-infrared photothermal-fluorescence in situ hybridization (MIP-FISH) platform that enables direct bridging of genotype and phenotype. Through multiple improvements of MIP imaging, the sensitive detection of isotopically labeled compounds incorporated into proteins of individual bacterial cells became possible, while simultaneous detection of FISH labeling with rRNA-targeted probes enabled the identification of the analyzed cells. In proof-of-concept experiments, we showed that the clear spectral red shift in the protein amide I region due to incorporation of 13C atoms originating from 13C-labeled glucose can be exploited by MIP-FISH to discriminate and identify 13C-labeled bacterial cells within a complex human gut microbiome sample. The presented methods open new opportunities for single-cell structure-function analyses for microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeran Bai
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,Photonics
Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zhongyue Guo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,Photonics
Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Fátima C. Pereira
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of
Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University
of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of
Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University
of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria,Department
of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark,
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,Photonics
Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,
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28
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Leighton RE, Alperstein AM, Punihaole D, Silva WR, Frontiera RR. Stimulated Raman versus Inverse Raman: Investigating Depletion Mechanisms for Super-Resolution Raman Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:26-36. [PMID: 36576851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has been critical in elucidating the nanoscale structure of biological systems. However, fluorescent labels bring difficulties such as perturbative labeling steps and photobleaching. Thus, label-free super-resolution techniques are of great interest, like our group's 2016 stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) technique, stimulated Raman depletion microscopy (SRDM). Inspired by stimulated emission depletion microscopy, SRDM uses a toroidally shaped beam to deplete the signal formed on the edges of the focal spot, resulting in SRS signal being detected from only a subdiffraction limited region. In initial works, the cause of the depletion was not thoroughly characterized. Here, we conclusively demonstrate suppression mechanisms in SRDM, while also contrasting approaches to super-resolution Raman microscopy on the Stokes and anti-Stokes sides of the spectrum. By monitoring the depletion of both the SRS and inverse Raman scattering (IRS) signal at a range of depletion powers, we observed other four-wave coherent Raman pathways that correspond to the introduction of the femtosecond depletion beam. In addition, we showed the depletion of the IRS signal, paving the way for a super-resolution imaging technique based on IRS, inverse raman depletion microscopy (IRDM). Combined, SRDM and IRDM offer label-free super-resolution imaging over a large spectral range to accommodate a variety of different sample constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Ariel M Alperstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - David Punihaole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - W Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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29
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Mandemaker LDB, Meirer F. Spectro-Microscopic Techniques for Studying Nanoplastics in the Environment and in Organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202210494. [PMID: 36278811 PMCID: PMC10100025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), small (<1 μm) polymer particles formed from bulk plastics, are a potential threat to human health and the environment. Orders of magnitude smaller than microplastics (MPs), they might behave differently due to their larger surface area and small size, which allows them to diffuse through organic barriers. However, detecting NPs in the environment and organic matrices has proven to be difficult, as their chemical nature is similar to these matrices. Furthermore, as their size is smaller than the (spatial) detection limit of common analytical tools, they are hard to find and quantify. We highlight different micro-spectroscopic techniques utilized for NP detection and argue that an analysis procedure should involve both particle imaging and correlative or direct chemical characterization of the same particles or samples. Finally, we highlight methods that can do both simultaneously, but with the downside that large particle numbers and statistics cannot be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens D. B. Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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30
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Zhao J, Matlock A, Zhu H, Song Z, Zhu J, Wang B, Chen F, Zhan Y, Chen Z, Xu Y, Lin X, Tian L, Cheng JX. Bond-selective intensity diffraction tomography. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7767. [PMID: 36522316 PMCID: PMC9755124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovering molecular information remains a grand challenge in the widely used holographic and computational imaging technologies. To address this challenge, we developed a computational mid-infrared photothermal microscope, termed Bond-selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography (BS-IDT). Based on a low-cost brightfield microscope with an add-on pulsed light source, BS-IDT recovers both infrared spectra and bond-selective 3D refractive index maps from intensity-only measurements. High-fidelity infrared fingerprint spectra extraction is validated. Volumetric chemical imaging of biological cells is demonstrated at a speed of ~20 s per volume, with a lateral and axial resolution of ~350 nm and ~1.1 µm, respectively. BS-IDT's application potential is investigated by chemically quantifying lipids stored in cancer cells and volumetric chemical imaging on Caenorhabditis elegans with a large field of view (~100 µm x 100 µm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alex Matlock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Ziqi Song
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Fukai Chen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuewei Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhicong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yihong Xu
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xingchen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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31
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Xia Q, Yin J, Guo Z, Cheng JX. Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy: Principle, Instrumentation, and Applications. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8597-8613. [PMID: 36285985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Midinfrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy, also called optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) microscopy, is an emerging tool for bond-selective chemical imaging of living biological and material samples. In MIP microscopy, a visible probe beam detects the photothermal-based contrast induced by a vibrational absorption. With submicron spatial resolution, high spectral fidelity, and reduced water absorption background, MIP microscopy has overcome the limitations in infrared chemical imaging methods. In this review, we summarize the basic principle of MIP microscopy, the different origins of MIP contrasts, and recent technology development that pushed the resolution, speed, and sensitivity of MIP imaging to a new stage. We further emphasize its broad applications in life science and material characterization, and provide a perspective of future technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zhongyue Guo
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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32
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Abstract
![]()
Mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy is a valuable
tool for
sensitive and fast chemical imaging with high spatial resolution beyond
the mid-infrared diffraction limit. The highest sensitivity is usually
achieved with heterodyne MIP employing photodetector point-scans and
lock-in detection, while the fastest systems use camera-based widefield
MIP with pulsed probe light. One challenge is to simultaneously achieve
high sensitivity, spatial resolution, and speed in a large field of
view. Here, we present widefield mid-infrared photothermal heterodyne
(WIPH) imaging, where a digital frequency-domain lock-in (DFdLi) filter
is used for simultaneous multiharmonic demodulation of MIP signals
recorded by individual camera pixels at frame rates up to 200 kHz.
The DFdLi filter enables the use of continuous-wave probe light, which,
in turn, eliminates the need for synchronization schemes and allows
measuring MIP decay curves. The WIPH approach is characterized by
imaging potassium ferricyanide microparticles and applied to detect
lipid droplets (alkyne-palmitic acid) in 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells,
both in the cell-silent spectral region around 2100 cm–1 using an external-cavity quantum cascade laser. The system achieved
up to 4000 WIPH images per second at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.52
and 1 μm spatial resolution in a 128 × 128 μm field
of view. The technique opens up for real-time chemical imaging of
fast processes in biology, medicine, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Paiva
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, SE-90187Umeå, Sweden
| | - Florian M Schmidt
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, SE-90187Umeå, Sweden
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33
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High-sensitivity hyperspectral vibrational imaging of heart tissues by mid-infrared photothermal microscopy. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1497-1503. [PMID: 36070070 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing the spatial distribution of chemical compositions in biological tissues is of great importance to study fundamental biological processes and origin of diseases. Raman microscopy, one of the label-free vibrational imaging techniques, has been employed for chemical characterization of tissues. However, the low sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy often requires a long acquisition time of Raman measurement or a high laser power, or both, which prevents one from investigating large-area tissues in a nondestructive manner. In this work, we demonstrated chemical imaging of heart tissues using mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy that simultaneously achieves the high sensitivity benefited from IR absorption of molecules and the high spatial resolution down to a few micrometers. We successfully visualized the distributions of different biomolecules, including proteins, phosphate-including proteins, and lipids/carbohydrates/amino acids. Further, we experimentally compared MIP microscopy with Raman microscopy to evaluate the sensitivity and photodamage to tissues. We proved that MIP microscopy is a highly sensitive technique for obtaining vibrational information of molecules in a broad fingerprint region, thereby it could be employed for biological and diagnostic applications, such as live-tissue imaging.
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34
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Cho M. Molecular photothermal effects on time-resolved IR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124201. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved IR pump-probe (IR-PP) and two-dimensional IR (2D-IR) spectroscopy are valuable techniques for studying various ultrafast chemical and biological processes in solutions. The time-dependent changes of nonlinear IR signals reflecting fast molecular processes such as vibrational energy transfer and chemical exchange provide invaluable information on the rates and mechanisms of solvation dynamics and structural transitions of multi-species vibrationally interacting molecular systems. However, due to the intrinsic difficulties in distinguishing the contributions of molecule-specific processes to the time-resolved IR signals from those resulting from local heating, it becomes challenging to interpret time-resolved IR-PP and 2D-IR spectra exhibiting transient growing-in spectral components and cross-peaks unambiguously. Here, theoretical considerations of various effects of vibrational coupling, energy transfer, chemical exchange, the generation of hot ground states, molecular photothermal process, and their combinations on the lineshapes and time-dependent intensities of IR-PP spectra and 2D-IR diagonal and cross-peaks are presented. We anticipate that the present work will help researchers using IR pump-probe and 2D-IR techniques to distinguish local heating-induced photothermal signals from genuine nonlinear IR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhaeng Cho
- Chemistry, Korea University, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
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35
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Manattayil JK, A S LK, Biswas R, Kim H, Raghunathan V. Focus-engineered sub-diffraction imaging in infrared-sensitive third-order sum frequency generation microscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:25612-25626. [PMID: 36237087 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate sub-diffraction imaging in infrared-sensitive third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) microscope using focal-field engineering technique. The TSFG interaction studied here makes use of two mid infrared photons and a single 1040 nm pump photon to generate up-converted visible photons. Focal field engineering scheme is implemented using a Toraldo-style single annular phase mask imprinted on the 1040 nm beam using a spatial light modulator. The effect of focal field engineered excitation beam on the non-resonant-TSFG process is studied by imaging isolated silicon sub-micron disks and periodic grating structures. Maximum reduction in the measured TSFG central-lobe size by ∼43% with energy in the central lobe of 35% is observed in the presence of phase mask. Maximum contrast improvement of 30% is observed for periodic grating structures. Furthermore, to validate the infrared sensitivity of the focus engineered TSFG microscope, we demonstrate imaging of amorphous Germanium-based guided-mode resonance structures, and polystyrene latex beads probed near the O-H vibrational region. We also demonstrate the utility of the focus engineered TSFG microscope for high resolution imaging of two-dimensional layered material. Focus-engineered TSFG process is a promising imaging modality that combines infrared selectivity with improved resolution and contrast, making it suitable for nanostructure and surface layer imaging.
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36
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Phal Y, Pfister L, Carney PS, Bhargava R. Resolution Limit in Infrared Chemical Imaging. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9777-9783. [PMID: 38476191 PMCID: PMC10928383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemical imaging combines the spatial specificity of optical microscopy with the spectral selectivity of vibrational spectroscopy. Mid-infrared (IR) absorption imaging instruments are now able to capture high-quality spectra with microscopic spatial detail, but the limits of their ability to resolve spatial and spectral objects remain less understood. In particular, the sensitivity of measurements to chemical and spatial changes and rules for optical design have been presented, but the influence of spectral information on spatial sensitivity is as yet relatively unexplored. We report an information theory-based approach to quantify the spatial localization capability of spectral data in chemical imaging. We explicitly consider the joint effects of the signal-to-noise ratio and spectral separation that have significance in experimental settings to derive resolution limits in IR spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Phal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Luke Pfister
- Dynamic Imaging & Radiography Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - P Scott Carney
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Leighton RE, Alperstein AM, Frontiera RR. Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging Techniques. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:37-55. [PMID: 35316608 PMCID: PMC9454238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-014723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological and material samples contain nanoscale heterogeneities that are unresolvable with conventional microscopy techniques. Super-resolution fluorescence methods can break the optical diffraction limit to observe these features, but they require samples to be fluorescently labeled. Over the past decade, progress has been made toward developing super-resolution techniques that do not require the use of labels. These label-free techniques span a variety of different approaches, including structured illumination, transient absorption, infrared absorption, and coherent Raman spectroscopies. Many draw inspiration from widely successful fluorescence-based techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). In this review, we discuss the progress made in these fields along with the current challenges and prospects in reaching resolutions comparable to those achieved with fluorescence-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Ariel M Alperstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
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38
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Choi B, Jeong G, Shin HH, Kim ZH. Molecular vibrational imaging at nanoscale. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:160902. [PMID: 35490022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical species based on vibrational spectra is rapidly increasing. Driven by such a need, various Raman and infrared spectro-microscopies with a nanometric spatial resolution have been developed over the last two decades. Despite rapid progress, a large gap still exists between the general needs and what these techniques can achieve. This Perspective highlights the key challenges and recent breakthroughs of the two vibrational nano-imaging techniques, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boogeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Gyouil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hang Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Zee Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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39
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Filbrun SL, Zhao F, Chen K, Huang TX, Yang M, Cheng X, Dong B, Fang N. Imaging Dynamic Processes in Multiple Dimensions and Length Scales. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:377-402. [PMID: 35119943 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-034100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy has become an invaluable tool for investigating complex samples. Over the years, many advances to optical microscopes have been made that have allowed us to uncover new insights into the samples studied. Dynamic changes in biological and chemical systems are of utmost importance to study. To probe these samples, multidimensional approaches have been developed to acquire a fuller understanding of the system of interest. These dimensions include the spatial information, such as the three-dimensional coordinates and orientation of the optical probes, and additional chemical and physical properties through combining microscopy with various spectroscopic techniques. In this review, we survey the field of multidimensional microscopy and provide an outlook on the field and challenges that may arise. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Filbrun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Imaging Core Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Ning Fang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
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40
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Wang H, Xie Q, Xu XG. Super-resolution mid-infrared spectro-microscopy of biological applications through tapping mode and peak force tapping mode atomic force microscope. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114080. [PMID: 34906646 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Small biomolecules at the subcellular level are building blocks for the manifestation of complex biological activities. However, non-intrusive in situ investigation of biological systems has been long daunted by the low spatial resolution and poor sensitivity of conventional light microscopies. Traditional infrared (IR) spectro-microscopy can enable label-free visualization of chemical bonds without extrinsic labeling but is still bound by Abbe's diffraction limit. This review article introduces a way to bypass the optical diffraction limit and improve the sensitivity for mid-IR methods - using tip-enhanced light nearfield in atomic force microscopy (AFM) operated in tapping and peak force tapping modes. Working principles of well-established scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and two relatively new techniques, namely, photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) and peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy, will be briefly presented. With ∼ 10-20 nm spatial resolution and monolayer sensitivity, their recent applications in revealing nanoscale chemical heterogeneities in a wide range of biological systems, including biomolecules, cells, tissues, and biomaterials, will be reviewed and discussed. We also envision several future improvements of AFM-based tapping and peak force tapping mode nano-IR methods that permit them to better serve as a versatile platform for uncovering biological mechanisms at the fundamental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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41
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Nanosecond-resolution photothermal dynamic imaging via MHZ digitization and match filtering. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7097. [PMID: 34876556 PMCID: PMC8651735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photothermal microscopy has enabled highly sensitive label-free imaging of absorbers, from metallic nanoparticles to chemical bonds. Photothermal signals are conventionally detected via modulation of excitation beam and demodulation of probe beam using lock-in amplifier. While convenient, the wealth of thermal dynamics is not revealed. Here, we present a lock-in free, mid-infrared photothermal dynamic imaging (PDI) system by MHz digitization and match filtering at harmonics of modulation frequency. Thermal-dynamic information is acquired at nanosecond resolution within single pulse excitation. Our method not only increases the imaging speed by two orders of magnitude but also obtains four-fold enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio over lock-in counterpart, enabling high-throughput metabolism analysis at single-cell level. Moreover, by harnessing the thermal decay difference between water and biomolecules, water background is effectively separated in mid-infrared PDI of living cells. This ability to nondestructively probe chemically specific photothermal dynamics offers a valuable tool to characterize biological and material specimens. Photothermal microscopy is limited for imaging of thermal dynamics. Here, the authors introduce a lock-in free, mid-infrared photothermal dynamic imaging system, which significantly increases SNR and imaging speed, and demonstrate metabolism analysis at single-cell level and background removal.
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42
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Kniazev K, Pavlovetc IM, Zhang S, Kim J, Stevenson RL, Doudrick K, Kuno M. Using Infrared Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging to Characterize Micro- and Nanoplastics in Complex Environmental Matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15891-15899. [PMID: 34747612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for addressing micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment is being able to characterize their chemical properties, morphologies, and quantities in complex matrices. Current techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, provide these broad characterizations but are unsuitable for studying MNPs in spectrally congested or complex chemical environments. Here, we introduce a new, super-resolution infrared absorption technique to characterize MNPs, called infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging (IR-PHI). IR-PHI has a spatial resolution of ∼300 nm and can determine the chemical identity, morphology, and quantity of MNPs in a single analysis with high sensitivity. Specimens are supported on CaF2 coverslips under ambient conditions from where we (1) quantify MNPs from nylon tea bags after steeping in ultrapure water at 25 and 95 °C, (2) identify MNP chemical or morphological changes after steeping at 95 °C, and (3) chemically identify MNPs in sieved road dust. In all cases, no special sample preparation was required. MNPs released from nylon tea bags at 25 °C were fiber-like and had characteristic IR frequencies corresponding to thermally extruded nylon. At 95 °C, degradation of the nylon chemical structure was observed via the disappearance of amide group IR frequencies, indicating chain scission of the nylon backbone. This degradation was also observed through morphological changes, where MNPs altered shape from fiber-like to quasi-spherical. In road dust, IR-PHI analysis reveals the presence of numerous aggregate and single-particle (<3 μm) MNPs composed of rubber and nylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kniazev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ilia M Pavlovetc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Junyeol Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Robert L Stevenson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kyle Doudrick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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43
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Zhang S, Kniazev K, Pavlovetc IM, Zhang S, Stevenson RL, Kuno M. Deep image restoration for infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214202. [PMID: 34879676 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging (IR-PHI) is an all-optical table top approach that enables super-resolution mid-infrared microscopy and spectroscopy. The underlying principle behind IR-PHI is the detection of photothermal changes to specimens induced by their absorption of infrared radiation. Because detection of resulting refractive index and scattering cross section changes is done using a visible (probe) laser, IR-PHI exhibits a spatial resolution of ∼300 nm. This is significantly below the mid-infrared diffraction limit and is unlike conventional infrared absorption microscopy where spatial resolution is of order ∼5μm. Despite having achieved mid-infrared super-resolution, IR-PHI's spatial resolution is ultimately limited by the visible probe laser's diffraction limit. This hinders immediate application to studying samples residing in spatially congested environments. To circumvent this, we demonstrate further enhancements to IR-PHI's spatial resolution using a deep learning network that addresses the Abbe diffraction limit as well as background artifacts, introduced by experimental raster scanning. What results is a twofold improvement in feature resolution from 300 to ∼150 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Kirill Kniazev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Ilia M Pavlovetc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Robert L Stevenson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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44
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Zong H, Yurdakul C, Bai Y, Zhang M, Ünlü MS, Cheng JX. Background-Suppressed High-Throughput Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy via Pupil Engineering. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:3323-3336. [PMID: 35966035 PMCID: PMC9373987 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy has been a promising label-free chemical imaging technique for functional characterization of specimens owing to its enhanced spatial resolution and high specificity. Recently developed wide-field MIP imaging modalities have drastically improved speed and enabled high-throughput imaging of micron-scale subjects. However, the weakly scattered signal from subwavelength particles becomes indistinguishable from the shot-noise as a consequence of the strong background light, leading to limited sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate background-suppressed chemical fingerprinting at a single nanoparticle level by selectively attenuating the reflected light through pupil engineering in the collection path. Our technique provides over 3 orders of magnitude background suppression by quasi-darkfield illumination in the epi-configuration without sacrificing lateral resolution. We demonstrate 6-fold signal-to-background noise ratio improvement, allowing for simultaneous detection and discrimination of hundreds of nanoparticles across a field of view of 70 μm × 70 μm. A comprehensive theoretical framework for photothermal image formation is provided and experimentally validated with 300 and 500 nm PMMA beads. The versatility and utility of our technique are demonstrated via hyperspectral dark-field MIP imaging of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria and MIP imaging of subcellular lipid droplets inside C. albicans and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Celalettin Yurdakul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yeran Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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45
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Priest L, Peters JS, Kukura P. Scattering-based Light Microscopy: From Metal Nanoparticles to Single Proteins. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11937-11970. [PMID: 34587448 PMCID: PMC8517954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to detect, image, and quantify nanoscopic objects and molecules with visible light has undergone dramatic improvements over the past few decades. While fluorescence has historically been the go-to contrast mechanism for ultrasensitive light microscopy due to its superior background suppression and specificity, recent developments based on light scattering have reached single-molecule sensitivity. They also have the advantages of universal applicability and the ability to obtain information about the species of interest beyond its presence and location. Many of the recent advances are driven by novel approaches to illumination, detection, and background suppression, all aimed at isolating and maximizing the signal of interest. Here, we review these developments grouped according to the basic principles used, namely darkfield imaging, interferometric detection, and surface plasmon resonance microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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46
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Phal Y, Yeh K, Bhargava R. Design Considerations for Discrete Frequency Infrared Microscopy Systems. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:1067-1092. [PMID: 33876990 PMCID: PMC9993325 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discrete frequency infrared chemical imaging is transforming the practice of microspectroscopy by enabling a diversity of instrumentation and new measurement capabilities. While a variety of hardware implementations have been realized, design considerations that are unique to infrared (IR) microscopes have not yet been compiled in literature. Here, we describe the evolution of IR microscopes, provide rationales for design choices, and catalog some major considerations for each of the optical components in an imaging system. We analyze design choices that use these components to optimize performance, under their particular constraints, while providing illustrative examples. We then summarize a framework to assess the factors that determine an instrument's performance mathematically. Finally, we provide a validation approach by enumerating performance metrics that can be used to evaluate the capabilities of imaging systems or suitability for specific intended applications. Together, the presented concepts and examples should aid in understanding available instrument configurations, while guiding innovations in design of the next generation of IR chemical imaging spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Phal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Kevin Yeh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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47
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Zhang Y, Zong H, Zong C, Tan Y, Zhang M, Zhan Y, Cheng JX. Fluorescence-Detected Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11490-11499. [PMID: 34264654 PMCID: PMC8750559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is a new chemical imaging technology in which a visible beam senses the photothermal effect induced by a pulsed infrared laser. This technology provides infrared spectroscopic information at submicrometer spatial resolution and enables infrared spectroscopy and imaging of living cells and organisms. Yet, current mid-infrared photothermal imaging sensitivity suffers from a weak dependence of scattering on the temperature, and the image quality is vulnerable to the speckles caused by scattering. Here, we present a novel version of mid-infrared photothermal microscopy in which thermosensitive fluorescent probes are harnessed to sense the mid-infrared photothermal effect. The fluorescence intensity can be modulated at the level of 1% per Kelvin, which is 100 times larger than the modulation of scattering intensity. In addition, fluorescence emission is free of interference, thus much improving the image quality. Moreover, fluorophores can target specific organelles or biomolecules, thus augmenting the specificity of photothermal imaging. Spectral fidelity is confirmed through fingerprinting a single bacterium. Finally, the photobleaching issue is successfully addressed through the development of a wide-field fluorescence-detected mid-infrared photothermal microscope which allows video rate bond-selective imaging of biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Haonan Zong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Cheng Zong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yuewei Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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48
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Hosseini Jebeli SA, West CA, Lee SA, Goldwyn HJ, Bilchak CR, Fakhraai Z, Willets KA, Link S, Masiello DJ. Wavelength-Dependent Photothermal Imaging Probes Nanoscale Temperature Differences among Subdiffraction Coupled Plasmonic Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5386-5393. [PMID: 34061548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic structures confine electromagnetic energy at the nanoscale, resulting in local, inhomogeneous, controllable heating, but reading out the temperature using optical techniques poses a difficult challenge. Here, we report on the optical thermometry of individual gold nanorod trimers that exhibit multiple wavelength-dependent plasmon modes resulting in measurably different local temperature distributions. Specifically, we demonstrate how photothermal microscopy encodes different wavelength-dependent temperature profiles in the asymmetry of the photothermal image point spread function. These asymmetries are interpreted through companion numerical simulations to reveal how thermal gradients within the trimer can be controlled by exciting its hybridized plasmon modes. We also find that plasmon modes that are optically dark can be excited by focused laser beam illumination, providing another route to modify thermal profiles beyond wide-field illumination. Taken together these findings demonstrate an all-optical thermometry technique to actively create and measure nanoscale thermal gradients below the diffraction limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire A West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stephen A Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Harrison J Goldwyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Connor R Bilchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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49
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Bai Y, Yin J, Cheng JX. Bond-selective imaging by optically sensing the mid-infrared photothermal effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1559. [PMID: 33990332 PMCID: PMC8121423 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging using inherent vibrational contrast has been broadly used as a powerful analytical tool for sample identification and characterization. However, the low spatial resolution and large water absorption associated with the long IR wavelengths hinder its applications to study subcellular features in living systems. Recently developed mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy overcomes these limitations by probing the IR absorption-induced photothermal effect using a visible light. MIP microscopy yields submicrometer spatial resolution with high spectral fidelity and reduced water background. In this review, we categorize different photothermal contrast mechanisms and discuss instrumentations for scanning and widefield MIP microscope configurations. We highlight a broad range of applications from life science to materials. We further provide future perspective and potential venues in MIP microscopy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeran Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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50
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Abstract
ConspectusMetal nanoparticles have been utilized for a vast amount of plasmon enhanced spectroscopies and energy conversion devices. Their unique optical properties allow them to be used across the UV-vis-NIR spectrum tuned by their size, shape, and material. In addition to utility in enhanced spectroscopy and energy/charge transfer, the plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles is sensitive to its surrounding environment in several ways. The local refractive index determines the resonance wavelength, but plasmon damping, as indicated by the homogeneous line width, also depends on the surface properties of the metal nanoparticles. Plasmon oscillations can decay through interband, intraband, radiation, and surface damping. While the first three damping mechanisms can be modeled based on bulk dielectric data using electromagnetic simulations, surface damping does not depend on the material properties of the nanoparticle alone but rather on the interface composition between the nanoparticle and its surrounding environment. In this Account, we will discuss three different metal nanoparticle interfaces, identifying the surface damping contribution from chemical interface damping and how it manifests itself in different interface types. On the way to uncovering the various damping contributions, we use three different single-particle spectroscopic techniques that are essential to measuring homogeneous plasmon line widths: darkfield scattering, photothermal heterodyne imaging, and photoluminescence microscopies. Obtaining the homogeneous plasmon spectrum through single-particle spectroscopy is paramount to measuring changes in plasmon damping, where even minor size and shape heterogeneities can completely obfuscate the broadening caused by surface damping. Using darkfield scattering spectroscopy, we first describe a model for chemical interface damping by expanding upon the surface damping contribution to the plasmon resonance line width to include additional influences due to adsorbed molecules. Based on the understanding of chemical interface damping as a surface damping mechanism, we then carefully compare how two molecular isomers lead to greatly different damping rates upon adsorption to gold nanorods due to differences in the formation of image dipoles within the metal nanoparticles. This plasmon damping dependence on the chemical identity of the interface is strongly correlated with the chemical's electronegativity. A similar damping trend is observed for metal oxide semiconductors, where the metal oxide with greater electron affinity leads to larger interface damping. However, in this case, the mechanism is different for the metal oxide interfaces, as damping occurs through charge transfer into interfacial states. Finally, the damping effect of catalytic metal nanoislands on gold nanorods is compared for the three spectroscopic methods mentioned. Through correlated single-particle scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, the mechanism for metal-metal interface damping is determined most likely to arise from an enhanced absorption, although charge transfer cannot be ruled out. From this body of research, we conclude that chemical interface damping is a major component of the total damping rate of the plasmon resonance and critically depends on the chemical interface of the metallic nanoparticles. Plasmon damping occurs through distinct mechanisms that are important to differentiate when considering the purpose of the plasmonic nanoparticle: enhanced spectroscopy, energy conversion, or catalysis. It must also be noted that many of the mechanisms are currently indifferentiable, and thus, new single-particle spectroscopic methods are needed to further characterize the mechanisms underlying chemical interface damping.
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