1
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Irikura KK. Ab initio spectroscopy and thermochemistry of the platinum hydride ions, PtH+ and PtH. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:184309. [PMID: 38738614 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rovibrational levels of low-lying electronic states of the gas-phase, diatomic molecules, PtH+ and PtH-, are computed on potential-energy functions obtained by using a hybrid spin-orbit configuration-interaction procedure. PtH- has a well-separated Σ0++1 ground state, while the first two electronic states of PtH+ (Σ0++1 and 3Δ3) are nearly degenerate. Combining the experimental photoelectron (PE) spectra of PtH- with theoretical photodetachment spectroscopy leads to an improved value for the electron affinity of PtH, EA(PtH) = (1.617 ± 0.015) eV. When PtH- is a product of photodissociation of PtHCO2-, its PE spectrum is broad because of rotational excitation. Temperature-dependent thermodynamic functions and thermochemistry of dissociation are computed from the theoretical energy levels. Previously published energetic quantities for PtH+ and PtH- are revised. The ground 1Σ+ term of PtH+ is not well described using single-reference theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K Irikura
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899 , USA
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2
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Liu H, Zhang D, Wang Y, Li H. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) Scale Dependent Surface Pourbaix Diagram at Different pH. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7632-7638. [PMID: 38552647 PMCID: PMC11008240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the analysis of electrocatalysis mechanisms and the design of catalysts, the effect of electrochemistry-induced surface coverage is a critical consideration that should not be overlooked. The surface Pourbaix diagram emerges as a fundamental tool in this context, providing essential insights into the surface coverage of adsorbates generated via electrochemical potential-driven water activation. A classic surface Pourbaix diagram considers the pH effects by correcting the free energy of H+ ions by the concentration-dependent term: -kBT ln(10) × pH, which is independent of the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale. However, this is sometimes inconsistent with the experimentally observed potential-dependent surface coverage at an RHE scale, especially under high-pH conditions. Here, we derived the pH-dependent surface Pourbaix diagram at an RHE scale by considering the energetics computed by density functional theory with the Bayesian Error Estimation Functional with van der Waals corrections (BEEF-vdW), the electric field effects, the derived adsorption-induced dipole moment and polarizability, and the potential of zero-charge. Using Pt(111) as the typical example, we found that the surface coverage predicted by the proposed RHE-dependent surface Pourbaix diagram can significantly minimize the discrepancy between theory and experimental observations, especially under neutral-alkaline, moderate-potential conditions. This work provides a new methodology and establishes guidelines for the precise analysis of the surface coverage prior to the evaluation of the activity of an electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Di Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuan Wang
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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3
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Dey S, Folkestad SD, Paul AC, Koch H, Krylov AI. Core-ionization spectrum of liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1845-1859. [PMID: 38174659 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02499g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We present state-of-the-art calculations of the core-ionization spectrum of water. Despite significant progress in procedures developed to mitigate various experimental complications and uncertainties, the experimental determination of ionization energies of solvated species involves several non-trivial steps such as assessing the effect of the surface potential, electrolytes, and finite escape depths of photoelectrons. This provides a motivation to obtain robust theoretical values of the intrinsic bulk ionization energy and the corresponding solvent-induced shift. Here we develop theoretical protocols based on coupled-cluster theory and electrostatic embedding. Our value of the intrinsic solvent-induced shift of the 1sO ionization energy of water is -1.79 eV. The computed absolute position and the width of the 1sO peak in photoelectron spectrum of water are 538.47 eV and 1.44 eV, respectively, agreeing well with the best experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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4
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Wibowo RE, Garcia-Diez R, Bystron T, Prokop M, van der Merwe M, Arce MD, Jiménez CE, Hsieh TE, Frisch J, Steigert A, Favaro M, Starr DE, Wilks RG, Bouzek K, Bär M. Oxidation of Aqueous Phosphorous Acid Electrolyte in Contact with Pt Studied by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:51989-51999. [PMID: 37890003 PMCID: PMC10636727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of the aqueous H3PO3 in contact with Pt was investigated for a fundamental understanding of the Pt/aqueous H3PO3 interaction with the goal of providing a comprehensive basis for the further optimization of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) experiments suggested that in ambient conditions, Pt catalyzes H3PO3 oxidation to H3PO4 with H2O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on different substrates, including Au and Pt, previously treated in H3PO3 solutions was conducted to determine the catalytic abilities of selected metals toward H3PO3 oxidation. In situ ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-HAXPES) combined with the "dip-and-pull" method was performed to investigate the state of H3PO3 at the Pt|H3PO3 interface and in the bulk solution. It was shown that whereas H3PO3 remains stable in the bulk solution, the catalyzed oxidation of H3PO3 by H2O to H3PO4 accompanied by H2 generation occurs in contact with the Pt surface. This catalytic process likely involves H3PO3 adsorption at the Pt surface in a highly reactive pyramidal tautomeric configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdus Enggar Wibowo
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raul Garcia-Diez
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Bystron
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prokop
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne van der Merwe
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mauricio D. Arce
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Departamento
Caracterización de Materiales, INN-CNEA-CONICET,
Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, S. C. de Bariloche, Rio
Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Catalina E. Jiménez
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tzung-En Hsieh
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Frisch
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Albert-Einstein-Str.
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Steigert
- Institute
for Nanospectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489Berlin,Germany
| | - Marco Favaro
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
| | - David E. Starr
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
| | - Regan G. Wilks
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Albert-Einstein-Str.
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karel Bouzek
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Bär
- Dept.
Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
(HZB) für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Albert-Einstein-Str.
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of X-ray Spectroscopy at Interfaces of Thin Films, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy
(HI ERN), Albert-Einstein-Str.
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Irikura KK. Ab initio spectroscopy and thermochemistry of diatomic platinum hydride, PtH. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2888845. [PMID: 37144716 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rovibrational levels of low-lying electronic states of the diatomic molecule PtH are computed using non-relativistic wavefunction methods and a relativistic core pseudopotential. Dynamical electron correlation is treated at the coupled-cluster with single and double excitations and a perturbative estimate of triple excitations level, with basis-set extrapolation. Spin-orbit coupling is treated by configuration interaction in a basis of multireference configuration interaction states. The results compare favorably with available experimental data, especially for low-lying electronic states. For the yet-unobserved first excited state, Ω = 1/2, we predict constants including Te = (2036 ± 300) cm-1 and ΔG1/2 = (2252.5 ± 8) cm-1. Temperature-dependent thermodynamic functions, and thermochemistry of dissociation, are computed from the spectroscopic data. The ideal-gas enthalpy of formation is ΔfH298.15o(PtH) = (449.1 ± 4.5) kJ mol-1 (uncertainties expanded by k = 2). The experimental data are reinterpreted, using a somewhat speculative procedure, to yield the bond length Re = (1.5199 ± 0.0006) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K Irikura
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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6
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Liu J, Han Y, Liu C, Yang B, Liu Z. Origin of the Liquid/Gaseous Water Binding Energy Splitting Measured via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:863-869. [PMID: 36657017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) provides an effective way of tackling the challenge of detecting chemical states within complex systems. Here a fundamental understanding of the core-level shift (CLS) of water in the liquid/gas phase observed via APXPS is obtained with computational modeling at the molecular and electronic levels. The CLS value of ∼2 eV derived from experiments is reproduced by modeling in terms of the total shift and photon energy dependence. The contributions of collective electrical effects, including electrostatic potential, orbital deformation, and electronic polarization, to the CLS were further analyzed and discussed. Our results show that the CLS is dominated by the final state effect due to electronic polarization of the surrounding molecules following photoionization, while the peak broadening is mainly determined by the electrostatic potential, which belongs to an initial state effect. The physical insights and computational approaches could be further applied to study more complex molecules or materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Chiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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7
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Hanselman S, Calle-Vallejo F, Koper MTM. Computational description of surface hydride phases on Pt(111) electrodes. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014703. [PMID: 36610959 DOI: 10.1063/5.0125436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface platinum hydride structures may exist and play a potentially important role during electrocatalysis and cathodic corrosion of Pt(111). Earlier work on platinum hydrides suggests that Pt may form clusters with multiple equivalents of hydrogen. Here, using thermodynamic methods and density functional theory, we compared several surface hydride structures on Pt(111). The structures contain multiple monolayers of hydrogen in or near the surface Pt layer. The hydrogen in these structures may bind the subsurface or reconstruct the surface both in the set of initial configurations and in the resulting (meta)stable structures. Multilayer stable configurations share one monolayer of subsurface H stacking between the top two Pt layers. The structure containing two monolayers (MLs) of H is formed at -0.29 V vs normal hydrogen electrode, is locally stable with respect to configurations with similar H densities, and binds H neutrally. Structures with 3 and 4 ML H form at -0.36 and -0.44 V, respectively, which correspond reasonably well to the experimental onset potential of cathodic corrosion on Pt(111). For the 3 ML configuration, the top Pt layer is reconstructed by interstitial H atoms to form a well-ordered structure with Pt atoms surrounded by four, five, or six H atoms in roughly square-planar and octahedral coordination patterns. Our work provides insight into the operando surface state during low-potential reduction reactions on Pt(111) and shows a plausible precursor for cathodic corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Hanselman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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8
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Recent Advances in In Situ/Operando Surface/Interface Characterization Techniques for the Study of Artificial Photosynthesis. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(Photo-)electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis driven by electrical and/or solar energy that converts water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrogen (H2), carbohydrates and oxygen (O2), has proven to be a promising and effective route for producing clean alternatives to fossil fuels, as well as for storing intermittent renewable energy, and thus to solve the energy crisis and climate change issues that we are facing today. Basic (photo-)electrocatalysis consists of three main processes: (1) light absorption, (2) the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers, and (3) the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers at the interfaces. With further research, scientists have found that these three steps are significantly affected by surface and interface properties (e.g., defect, dangling bonds, adsorption/desorption, surface recombination, electric double layer (EDL), surface dipole). Therefore, the catalytic performance, which to a great extent is determined by the physicochemical properties of surfaces and interfaces between catalyst and reactant, can be changed dramatically under working conditions. Common approaches for investigating these phenomena include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Generally, these techniques can only be applied under ex situ conditions and cannot fully recover the changes of catalysts in real chemical reactions. How to identify and track alterations of the catalysts, and thus provide further insight into the complex mechanisms behind them, has become a major research topic in this field. The application of in situ/operando characterization techniques enables real-time monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes. Therefore, researchers can obtain physical and/or chemical information during the reaction (e.g., morphology, chemical bonding, valence state, photocurrent distribution, surface potential variation, surface reconstruction), or even by the combination of these techniques as a suite (e.g., atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), or near-ambient-pressure STM/XPS combined system (NAP STM-XPS)) to correlate the various properties simultaneously, so as to further reveal the reaction mechanisms. In this review, we briefly describe the working principles of in situ/operando surface/interface characterization technologies (i.e., SPM and X-ray spectroscopy) and discuss the recent progress in monitoring relevant surface/interface changes during water splitting and CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). We hope that this review will provide our readers with some ideas and guidance about how these in situ/operando characterization techniques can help us investigate the changes in catalyst surfaces/interfaces, and further promote the development of (photo-)electrocatalytic surface and interface engineering.
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9
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Brummel O, Lykhach Y, Ralaiarisoa M, Berasategui M, Kastenmeier M, Fusek L, Simanenko A, Gu W, Clark PCJ, Yivlialin R, Sear MJ, Mysliveček J, Favaro M, Starr DE, Libuda J. A Versatile Approach to Electrochemical In Situ Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Application to a Complex Model Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11015-11022. [PMID: 36411106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a new technique for investigating complex model electrocatalysts by means of electrochemical in situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS). Using a specially designed miniature capillary device, we prepared a three-electrode electrochemical cell in a thin-layer configuration and analyzed the active electrode/electrolyte interface by using "tender" X-ray synchrotron radiation. We demonstrate the potential of this versatile method by investigating a complex model electrocatalyst. Specifically, we monitored the oxidation state of Pd nanoparticles supported on an ordered Co3O4(111) film on Ir(100) in an alkaline electrolyte under potential control. We found that the Pd oxide formed in the in situ experiment differs drastically from the one observed in an ex situ emersion experiment at similar potential. We attribute these differences to the decomposition of a labile palladium oxide/hydroxide species after emersion. Our experiment demonstrates the potential of our approach and the importance of electrochemical in situ AP-XPS for studying complex electrocatalytic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yaroslava Lykhach
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maryline Ralaiarisoa
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matias Berasategui
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kastenmeier
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukáš Fusek
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Simanenko
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wenqing Gu
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pip C J Clark
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rossella Yivlialin
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Sear
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Mysliveček
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Favaro
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - David E Starr
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
This Review provides an overview of the emerging concepts of catalysts, membranes, and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for water electrolyzers with anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), also known as zero-gap alkaline water electrolyzers. Much of the recent progress is due to improvements in materials chemistry, MEA designs, and optimized operation conditions. Research on anion-exchange polymers (AEPs) has focused on the cationic head/backbone/side-chain structures and key properties such as ionic conductivity and alkaline stability. Several approaches, such as cross-linking, microphase, and organic/inorganic composites, have been proposed to improve the anion-exchange performance and the chemical and mechanical stability of AEMs. Numerous AEMs now exceed values of 0.1 S/cm (at 60-80 °C), although the stability specifically at temperatures exceeding 60 °C needs further enhancement. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still a limiting factor. An analysis of thin-layer OER data suggests that NiFe-type catalysts have the highest activity. There is debate on the active-site mechanism of the NiFe catalysts, and their long-term stability needs to be understood. Addition of Co to NiFe increases the conductivity of these catalysts. The same analysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) shows carbon-supported Pt to be dominating, although PtNi alloys and clusters of Ni(OH)2 on Pt show competitive activities. Recent advances in forming and embedding well-dispersed Ru nanoparticles on functionalized high-surface-area carbon supports show promising HER activities. However, the stability of these catalysts under actual AEMWE operating conditions needs to be proven. The field is advancing rapidly but could benefit through the adaptation of new in situ techniques, standardized evaluation protocols for AEMWE conditions, and innovative catalyst-structure designs. Nevertheless, single AEM water electrolyzer cells have been operated for several thousand hours at temperatures and current densities as high as 60 °C and 1 A/cm2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Du
- National
Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Energy,
Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Claudie Roy
- Energy,
Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- National
Research Council of Canada, 2620 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 1B1, Canada
| | - Retha Peach
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstaße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew Turnbull
- National
Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Energy,
Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Simon Thiele
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstaße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bock
- National
Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Energy,
Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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11
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Ketkaew M, Assavapanumat S, Klinyod S, Kuhn A, Wattanakit C. Bifunctional Pt/Au Janus electrocatalysts for simultaneous oxidation/reduction of furfural with bipolar electrochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4312-4315. [PMID: 35266932 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable conversion of biomass-derived compounds into high added-value products is a very important contemporary scientific challenge. In this context, we report here the simultaneous electro-oxidation/-reduction of a biomass-derived compound in a one-pot approach using bipolar electrochemistry. Bifunctional Pt/Au Janus electrocatalysts are employed for a selective conversion of furfural into both, furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid, which can't be achieved when using non-Janus particles. The results emphasize the benefits of bipolar electrochemistry in the frame of electrosynthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Ketkaew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand. .,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France.
| | - Sunpet Assavapanumat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Sorasak Klinyod
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand. .,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France.
| | - Chularat Wattanakit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
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12
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Qian J, Crumlin EJ, Prendergast D. Efficient basis sets for core-excited states motivated by Slater's rules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2243-2250. [PMID: 35014633 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy is a commonly applied characterization technique that probes the local chemistry of atoms in molecules and materials via the photoexcitation of electrons from atomic core orbitals. These measurements can be interpreted by comparison with previous literature or through the calculation of core-electron binding energies (CEBEs) for model systems. However, physically and numerically accurate description of the core-excited electronic structures demands specializations beyond routine ground state setups. Inspired by Slater's rules, we focus on developing computationally efficient and physically motivated contractions to reproduce the core-excited atomic orbitals which led to improved numerical accuracy of calculated CEBEs. When applied to carbon 1s excitations in a wide range of molecules, these core-excited basis sets produce total energy differences (ΔSCF) using a hybrid exact-exchange density functional (B3LYP) that can reproduce core-excitation energies within experimental accuracy (∼0.1 eV). Due to missing relativistic effects, heavier elements (N, O) exhibit slightly larger systematic absolute errors, but still maintain a satisfactory 0.2 eV mean average error for relative CEBEs. We also connect the known variability in the core level binding energy with local atomic charge to demonstrate how the transferability of a given model should be measured against a diverse test set. We conclude by exploring one outlier, CO, and the outlook for extending this approach to other elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ethan J Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Fehse M, Iadecola A, Simonelli L, Longo A, Stievano L. The rise of X-ray spectroscopies for unveiling the functional mechanisms in batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23445-23465. [PMID: 34664565 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based techniques have been key tools in the discovery, understanding, and development of battery materials. In this review, some of the most suitable X-ray spectroscopy related techniques employed for addressing diverse scientific cases connected to battery science are highlighted. Furthermore, current shortcomings, intrinsic limitations, and ongoing challenges of individual techniques are pointed out, providing an outlook of future trends that are relevant to the battery research community. In particular, the ongoing development of next generation synchrotrons, machine learning algorithms for data analysis and combined theoretical/experimental approaches will enhance the already powerful assets of these advanced spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Iadecola
- Rééseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens, France
| | | | - Alessandro Longo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.,Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, ISMN-CNR UOS di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stievano
- Rééseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens, France.,ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Tian L, Li Z, Song M, Li J. Recent progress in water-splitting electrocatalysis mediated by 2D noble metal materials. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12088-12101. [PMID: 34236371 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures have enabled noble-metal-based nanomaterials to be promising electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting due to their inherent structural advantages, including a high specific surface active area, numerous low-coordinated atoms, and a high density of defects and edges. Moreover, it is also disclosed that the electronic effect and strain effect within 2D nanostructures also benefit the further promotion of the electrocatalytic performance. In this review, we have focused on the recent progress in the fabrication of advanced electrocatalysts based on 2D noble-metal-based nanomaterials toward water splitting electrocatalysis. First, fundamental descriptions about water-splitting mechanisms, some promising engineering strategies, and major challenges in electrochemical water splitting are given. Then, the structural merits of 2D nanostructures for water splitting electrocatalysis are also highlighted, including abundant surface active sites, lattice distortion, abundant surface defects, electronic effects, and strain effects. Additionally, some representative water-splitting electrocatalysts have been discussed in detail to highlight the superiorities of 2D noble-metal-based nanomaterials for electrochemical water splitting. Finally, the underlying challenges and future opportunities for the fabrication of more advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting are also highlighted. We hope that this review article provides guidance for the fabrication of more efficient electrocatalysts for boosting industrial hydrogen production via water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- C School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China.
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15
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Han Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liu Z. In Situ Characterization of Catalysis and Electrocatalysis Using APXPS. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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16
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Carvalho OQ, Adiga P, Murthy SK, Fulton JL, Gutiérrez OY, Stoerzinger KA. Understanding the Role of Surface Heterogeneities in Electrosynthesis Reactions. iScience 2020; 23:101814. [PMID: 33305178 PMCID: PMC7708810 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we highlight the role of surface heterogeneity in electrosynthesis reactions. Heterogeneities may come in the form of distinct crystallographic facets, boundaries between facets or grains, or point defects. We approach this topic from a foundation of surface science, where signatures from model systems provide understanding of observations on more complex and higher-surface-area materials. In parallel, probe-based techniques can inform directly on spatial variation across electrode surfaces. We call attention to the role spectroscopy can play in understanding the impact of these heterogeneities in electrocatalyst activity and selectivity, particularly where these surface features have effects extending into the electrolyte double layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Quinn Carvalho
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Prajwal Adiga
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sri Krishna Murthy
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Stoerzinger
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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17
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Pongthawornsakun B, Kaewsuanjik P, Kittipreechakun P, Ratova M, Kelly P, Mekasuwandumrong O, Praserthdam P, Panpranot J. Deposition of Pt nanoparticles on TiO2 by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering for selective hydrogenation of vanillin to vanillyl alcohol. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Rebollar L, Intikhab S, Oliveira NJ, Yan Y, Xu B, McCrum IT, Snyder JD, Tang MH. “Beyond Adsorption” Descriptors in Hydrogen Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rebollar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Saad Intikhab
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ian T. McCrum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maureen H. Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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19
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Stochastic Analysis of Electron Transfer and Mass Transport in Confined Solid/Liquid Interfaces. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level understanding of electrified solid/liquid interfaces has recently been enabled thanks to the development of novel in situ/operando spectroscopic tools. Among those, ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy performed in the tender/hard X-ray region and coupled with the “dip and pull” method makes it possible to simultaneously interrogate the chemical composition of the interface and built-in electrical potentials. On the other hand, only thin liquid films (on the order of tens of nanometers at most) can be investigated, since the photo-emitted electrons must travel through the electrolyte layer to reach the photoelectron analyzer. Due to the challenging control and stability of nm-thick liquid films, a detailed experimental electrochemical investigation of such thin electrolyte layers is still lacking. This work therefore aims at characterizing the electrochemical behavior of solid/liquid interfaces when confined in nanometer-sized regions using a stochastic simulation approach. The investigation was performed by modeling (i) the electron transfer between a solid surface and a one-electron redox couple and (ii) its diffusion in solution. Our findings show that the well-known thin-layer voltammetry theory elaborated by Hubbard can be successfully applied to describe the voltammetric behavior of such nanometer-sized interfaces. We also provide an estimation of the current densities developed in these confined interfaces, resulting in values on the order of few hundreds of nA·cm−2. We believe that our results can contribute to the comprehension of the physical/chemical properties of nano-interfaces, thereby aiding to a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the “dip and pull” method.
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20
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V VM, Nageswaran G. Operando X-Ray Spectroscopic Techniques: A Focus on Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. Front Chem 2020; 8:23. [PMID: 32083053 PMCID: PMC7002430 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of structural as well as chemical properties of an electrocatalyst in its reaction environment is a challenge in electrocatalysis. This is very important for the better understanding of the dynamic changes in the reactivity with respect to the structure of catalysts to give insight into the reaction mechanism. The in situ/operando investigation of electrode/electrolyte interface has been increasingly explored in recent days due to the significant developments in technology. The review focus on operando X-ray spectroscopic techniques to understand the behavior of electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). Some recent studies on the application of operando X-ray spectroscopic methods to study the dynamic nature as well as the evaluation of structural and chemical changes of the electrocatalysts for HER and OER in different reaction environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M V
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gomathi Nageswaran
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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21
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Yoon H, Kim Y, Crumlin EJ, Lee D, Ihm K, Son J. Direct Probing of Oxygen Loss from the Surface Lattice of Correlated Oxides during Hydrogen Spillover. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7285-7292. [PMID: 31696710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen spillover is a catalytic process that occurs by surface reaction and subsequent diffusion to reversibly provide a massive amount of hydrogen dopants in correlated oxides, but the mechanism at the surface of correlated oxides with metal catalyst are not well understood. Here we show that a significant amount of oxygen is released from the surface of correlated VO2 films during hydrogen spillover, contrary to the well-established observation of the formation of hydrogen interstitials in the bulk part of VO2 films. By using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we prove that the formation of surface oxygen vacancies is a consequence of a favorable reaction for the generation of weakly adsorbed H2O from surface O atoms that have low coordination and weak binding strength. Our results reveal the importance of in situ characterization to prove the dynamic change during redox reaction and present an opportunity to control intrinsic defects at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Nano & Interface Research Team , Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ethan J Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Donghwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuwook Ihm
- Nano & Interface Research Team , Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Dubouis N, Grimaud A. The hydrogen evolution reaction: from material to interfacial descriptors. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9165-9181. [PMID: 32015799 PMCID: PMC6968730 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of sustainable hydrogen with water electrolyzers is envisaged as one of the most promising ways to match the continuously growing demand for renewable electricity storage. While so far regarded as fast when compared to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) regained interest in the last few years owing to its poor kinetics in alkaline electrolytes. Indeed, this slow kinetics not only may hinder the foreseen development of the anionic exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), but also raises fundamental questions regarding the parameters governing the reaction. In this perspective, we first briefly review the fundamentals of the HER, emphasizing how studies performed on model electrodes allowed for achieving a good understanding of its mechanism under acidic conditions. Then, we discuss how the use of physical descriptors capturing the sole properties of the catalyst is not sufficient to describe the HER kinetics under alkaline conditions, thus forcing the catalysis community to adopt a more complex picture taking into account the electrolyte structure at the electrochemical interface. This work also outlines new techniques, such as spectroscopies, molecular simulations, or chemical approaches that could be employed to tackle these new fundamental challenges, and potentially guide the future design of practical and cheap catalysts while also being useful to a wider community dealing with electrochemical energy storage devices using aqueous electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubouis
- Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie , Collège de France , UMR 8260 , 75231 Paris Cedex 05 , France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) , CNRS FR3459 , 33 rue Saint Leu , 80039 Amiens Cedex , France
- Sorbonne Université , Paris , France .
| | - Alexis Grimaud
- Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie , Collège de France , UMR 8260 , 75231 Paris Cedex 05 , France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) , CNRS FR3459 , 33 rue Saint Leu , 80039 Amiens Cedex , France
- Sorbonne Université , Paris , France .
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23
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Singh N, Lee MS, Akhade SA, Cheng G, Camaioni DM, Gutiérrez OY, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Lercher JA, Campbell CT. Impact of pH on Aqueous-Phase Phenol Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Carbon-Supported Pt and Rh. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105-1700, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sneha A. Akhade
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Guanhua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Charles T. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105-1700, United States
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24
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Stabilizing the Meniscus for Operando Characterization of Platinum During the Electrolyte-Consuming Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Stoerzinger KA, Renshaw Wang X, Hwang J, Rao RR, Hong WT, Rouleau CM, Lee D, Yu Y, Crumlin EJ, Shao-Horn Y. Speciation and Electronic Structure of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ During Oxygen Electrolysis. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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