1
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Wengler-Rust S, Staechelin YU, Lange H, Weller H. Electron Donor-Specific Surface Interactions Promote the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal-Semiconductor Nanohybrids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401388. [PMID: 38634407 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the application of colloidal semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (NPs) as photocatalysts for the hydrogen generation from water has been extensively studied. The present body of literature studies agrees that the photocatalytic yield strongly depends on the electron donating agent (EDA) added for scavenging the photogenerated holes. The highest reported hydrogen production rates are obtained in the presence of ionic EDAs and at high pH. The large hydrogen production rates are attributed to fast hole transfer from the NP onto the EDAs. However, the present discussions do not treat the influence of EDA-specific surface interactions. This systematic study focuses on that aspect by combining steady-state hydrogen production measurements with time-resolved and static optical spectroscopy, employing 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped, Pt-tipped CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods in the presence of a large set of EDAs. Based on the experimental results, two distinct EDA groups are identified: surface-active and diffusion-limited EDAs. The largest photocatalytic efficiencies are obtained in the presence of surface-active EDAs that induce an agglomeration of the NPs. This demonstrates that the introduction of surface-active EDAs can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of the NPs, despite reducing their colloidal stability and inducing the formation of NP networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soenke Wengler-Rust
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannic U Staechelin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IAP-CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Boecker M, Lander S, Müller R, Gaus AL, Neumann C, Moser J, Micheel M, Turchanin A, Delius MV, Synatschke CV, Leopold K, Wächtler M, Weil T. Screening Cobalt-based Catalysts on Multicomponent CdSe@CdS Nanorods for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:14146-14153. [PMID: 38962509 PMCID: PMC11217917 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We present CdSe@CdS nanorods coated with a redox-active polydopamine (PDA) layer functionalized with cobaloxime-derived photocatalysts for efficient solar-driven hydrogen evolution in aqueous environments. The PDA-coating provides reactive groups for the functionalization of the nanorods with different molecular catalysts, facilitates charge separation and transfer of electrons from the excited photosensitizer to the catalyst, and reduces photo-oxidation of the photosensitizer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the successful functionalization of the nanorods with cobalt-based catalysts, whereas the catalyst loading per nanorod is quantified by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). A systematic comparison of different types of cobalt-based catalysts was carried out, and their respective performance was analyzed in terms of the number of nanorods and the amount of catalyst in each sample [turnover number, (TON)]. This study shows that the performance of these multicomponent photocatalysts depends strongly on the catalyst loading and less on the specific structure of the molecular catalyst. Lower catalyst loading is advantageous for increasing the TON because the catalysts compete for a limited number of charge carriers at the nanoparticle surface. Therefore, increasing the catalyst loading relative to the absolute amount of hydrogen produced does not lead to a steady increase in the photocatalytic activity. In our work, we provide insights into how the performance of a multicomponent photocatalytic system is determined by the intricate interplay of its components. We identify the stable attachment of the catalyst and the ratio between the catalyst and photosensitizer as critical parameters that must be fine-tuned for optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Boecker
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Sarah Lander
- Department
of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Riccarda Müller
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Anna-Laurine Gaus
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry I, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Julia Moser
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Mathias Micheel
- Department
of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Abbe Center
of Photonics (ACP), Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry I, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Christopher V. Synatschke
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Department
of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
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3
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Chen D, Hudson RJ, Tang C, Sun Q, Harmer JR, Liu M, Ghasemi M, Wen X, Liu Z, Peng W, Yan X, Cowie B, Gao Y, Raston CL, Du A, Smith TA, Li Q. Colloidal Synthesis of Carbon Dot-ZnSe Nanoplatelet Van der Waals Heterostructures for Boosting Photocatalytic Generation of Methanol-Storable Hydrogen. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402613. [PMID: 38850186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Methanol is not only a promising liquid hydrogen carrier but also an important feedstock chemical for chemical synthesis. Catalyst design is vital for enabling the reactions to occur under ambient conditions. This study reports a new class of van der Waals heterojunction photocatalyst, which is synthesized by hot-injection method, whereby carbon dots (CDs) are grown in situ on ZnSe nanoplatelets (NPLs), i.e., metal chalcogenide quantum wells. The resultant organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, CD-NPLs, are able to perform methanol dehydrogenation through CH splitting. The heterostructure has enabled light-induced charge transfer from the CDs into the NPLs occurring on a sub-nanosecond timescale, with charges remaining separated across the CD-NPLs heterostructure for longer than 500 ns. This resulted in significantly heightened H2 production rate of 107 µmole·g-1·h-1 and enhanced photocurrent density up to 34 µA cm-2 at 1 V bias potential. EPR and NMR analyses confirmed the occurrence of α-CH splitting and CC coupling. The novel CD-based organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunction is poised to enable the discovery of a host of new nano-hybrid photocatalysts with full tunability in the band structure, charge transfer, and divergent surface chemistry for guiding photoredox pathways and accelerating reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Chen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan J Hudson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science & School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Qiang Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffery R Harmer
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | - Mehri Ghasemi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Wen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Zixuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Wei Peng
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Xuecheng Yan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Bruce Cowie
- The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science & School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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4
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Li Q, Wu K, Zhu H, Yang Y, He S, Lian T. Charge Transfer from Quantum-Confined 0D, 1D, and 2D Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5695-5763. [PMID: 38629390 PMCID: PMC11082908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The properties of colloidal quantum-confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), including zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots, 1D nanorods, 2D nanoplatelets, and their heterostructures, can be tuned through their size, dimensionality, and material composition. In their photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, a key step is to generate spatially separated and long-lived electrons and holes by interfacial charge transfer. These charge transfer properties have been extensively studied recently, which is the subject of this Review. The Review starts with a summary of the electronic structure and optical properties of 0D-2D nanocrystals, followed by the advances in wave function engineering, a novel way to control the spatial distribution of electrons and holes, through their size, dimension, and composition. It discusses the dependence of NC charge transfer on various parameters and the development of the Auger-assisted charge transfer model. Recent advances in understanding multiple exciton generation, decay, and dissociation are also discussed, with an emphasis on multiple carrier transfer. Finally, the applications of nanocrystal-based systems for photocatalysis are reviewed, focusing on the photodriven charge separation and recombination processes that dictate the function and performance of these materials. The Review ends with a summary and outlook of key remaining challenges and promising future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Chen Y, Amirav L. Shape tunability of copper nanocrystals deposited on nanorods. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7512-7523. [PMID: 37449067 PMCID: PMC10337768 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant role of metal particle geometry in dictating catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability is well established in heterocatalysis. However, this topic is rarely explored in semiconductor-metal hybrid photocatalytic systems, primarily due to the lack of synthetic control over this feature. Herein, we present a new synthetic route for the deposition of metallic Cu nanoparticles with spherical, elliptic, or cubic geometrical shapes, which are selectively grown on one side of the well-established CdSe@CdS nanorod photocatalytic system. An additional multipod morphology in which several nanorod branches are combined on a single Cu domain is presented as well. Cu is an earth-abundant low-cost catalyst known to promote a diverse gallery of organic transformations and is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor with interesting plasmonic properties. Its deposition on cadmium chalcogenide nanostructures is enabled here via mitigation of the reaction kinetics such that the cation exchange reaction is prevented. The structural diversity of these sophisticated nanoscale hybrid systems lays the foundations for shape-activity correlation studies and employment in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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6
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Kumar K, Wächtler M. Unravelling Dynamics Involving Multiple Charge Carriers in Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091579. [PMID: 37177124 PMCID: PMC10181110 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of colloidal nanocrystals as part of artificial photosynthetic systems has recently gained significant attention, owing to their strong light absorption and highly reproducible, tunable electronic and optical properties. The complete photocatalytic conversion of water to its components is yet to be achieved in a practically suitable and commercially viable manner. To complete this challenging task, we are required to fully understand the mechanistic aspects of the underlying light-driven processes involving not just single charge carriers but also multiple charge carriers in detail. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding charge carrier dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals and the influence of various parameters such as dimension, composition, and cocatalysts. Transient absorption spectroscopic studies involving single and multiple charge carriers, and the challenges associated with the need for accumulation of multiple charge carriers to drive the targeted chemical reactions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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7
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Micheel M, Dong K, Amirav L, Wächtler M. Lateral charge migration in 1D semiconductor-metal hybrid photocatalytic systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882241. [PMID: 37093989 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal nanorods based on CdS or CdSe, functionalized with metal particles, have proven to be efficient catalysts for light-driven hydrogen evolution. Seeded CdSe@CdS nanorods have shown increasing performance with increasing rod length. This observation was rationalized by the increasing lifetime of the separated charges, as a large distance between holes localized in the CdSe seed and electrons localized at the metal tip decreases their recombination rate. However, the impact of nanorod length on the electron-to-tip localization efficiency or pathway remained an open question. Therefore, we investigated the photo-induced electron transfer to the metal in a series of Ni-tipped CdSe@CdS nanorods with varying length. We find that the transfer processes occurring from the region close to the semiconductor-metal interface, the rod region, and the CdSe seed region depend in different ways on the rods' length. The rate of the fastest process from excitonic states generated directly at the interface is independent of the rod length, but the relative amplitude decreases with increasing rod length, as the weight of the interface region is decreasing. The transfer of electrons to the metal tip from excitons generated in the CdS rod region depends strongly on the length of the nanorods, which indicates an electron transport-limited process, i.e., electron diffusion toward the interface region, followed by fast interface crossing. The transfer originating from the CdSe excitonic states again shows no significant length dependence in its time constant, as it is probably limited by the rate of overcoming the shallow confinement in the CdSe seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Micheel
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kaituo Dong
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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8
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Shulenberger KE, Jilek MR, Sherman SJ, Hohman BT, Dukovic G. Electronic Structure and Excited State Dynamics of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanorods. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3852-3903. [PMID: 36881852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The cylindrical quasi-one-dimensional shape of colloidal semiconductor nanorods (NRs) gives them unique electronic structure and optical properties. In addition to the band gap tunability common to nanocrystals, NRs have polarized light absorption and emission and high molar absorptivities. NR-shaped heterostructures feature control of electron and hole locations as well as light emission energy and efficiency. We comprehensively review the electronic structure and optical properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs and NR heterostructures (e.g., CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods, CdSe/ZnS rod-in-rods), which have been widely investigated over the last two decades due in part to promising optoelectronic applications. We start by describing methods for synthesizing these colloidal NRs. We then detail the electronic structure of single-component and heterostructure NRs and follow with a discussion of light absorption and emission in these materials. Next, we describe the excited state dynamics of these NRs, including carrier cooling, carrier and exciton migration, radiative and nonradiative recombination, multiexciton generation and dynamics, and processes that involve trapped carriers. Finally, we describe charge transfer from photoexcited NRs and connect the dynamics of these processes with light-driven chemistry. We end with an outlook that highlights some of the outstanding questions about the excited state properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison R Jilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Skylar J Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin T Hohman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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9
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Ben-Shahar Y, Stone D, Banin U. Rich Landscape of Colloidal Semiconductor-Metal Hybrid Nanostructures: Synthesis, Synergetic Characteristics, and Emerging Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3790-3851. [PMID: 36735598 PMCID: PMC10103135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanochemistry provides powerful synthetic tools allowing one to combine different materials on a single nanostructure, thus unfolding numerous possibilities to tailor their properties toward diverse functionalities. Herein, we review the progress in the field of semiconductor-metal hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) focusing on metal-chalcogenides-metal combined systems. The fundamental principles of their synthesis are discussed, leading to a myriad of possible hybrid architectures including Janus zero-dimensional quantum dot-based systems and anisotropic quasi 1D nanorods and quasi-2D platelets. The properties of HNPs are described with particular focus on emergent synergetic characteristics. Of these, the light-induced charge-separation effect across the semiconductor-metal nanojunction is of particular interest as a basis for the utilization of HNPs in photocatalytic applications. The extensive studies on the charge-separation behavior and its dependence on the HNPs structural characteristics, environmental and chemical conditions, and light excitation regime are surveyed. Combining the advanced synthetic control with the charge-separation effect has led to demonstration of various applications of HNPs in different fields. A particular promise lies in their functionality as photocatalysts for a variety of uses, including solar-to-fuel conversion, as a new type of photoinitiator for photopolymerization and 3D printing, and in novel chemical and biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ben-Shahar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona74100, Israel
| | - David Stone
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
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10
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Dong K, Le T, Nakibli Y, Schleusener A, Wächtler M, Amirav L. Molecular Metallocorrole-Nanorod Photocatalytic System for Sustainable Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200804. [PMID: 35789067 PMCID: PMC9540064 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water is a potential source of clean and renewable fuel. Yet systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not been realized. Here, nanorod photocatalysts that have proven record activity for the water reduction half reaction were successfully combined with molecular metallocorroles suitable for catalyzing the accompanying oxidation reactions. Utilization of OH- /⋅OH redox species as charge transfer shuttle between freely mixed metallocorroles and rods resulted in quantum efficiency that peaked as high as 17 % for hydrogen production from water in the absence of sacrificial hole scavengers. While typically each sacrificial scavenger is able to extract but a single hole, here the molecular metallocorrole catalysts were found to successfully handle nearly 300,000 holes during their lifespan. The implications of the new system on the prospects of realizing practical overall water splitting and direct solar-to-fuel energy conversion were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaituo Dong
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
- Current address of T.-A. Le: Faculty of science and engineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityTurku20500Finland
| | - Trung‐Anh Le
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
- Current address of T.-A. Le: Faculty of science and engineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityTurku20500Finland
| | - Yifat Nakibli
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
- Current address of T.-A. Le: Faculty of science and engineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityTurku20500Finland
| | - Alexander Schleusener
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Current address of Dr. A. Schleusener: Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Current address of Dr. A. Schleusener: Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of PhotonicsAlbert-Einstein-Straße 607745JenaGermany
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
- Current address of T.-A. Le: Faculty of science and engineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityTurku20500Finland
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11
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Wang N, Cheong S, Yoon DE, Lu P, Lee H, Lee YK, Park YS, Lee DC. Efficient, Selective CO 2 Photoreduction Enabled by Facet-Resolved Redox-Active Sites on Colloidal CdS Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16974-16983. [PMID: 36007150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have enabled precise design of catalytic sites for CO2 photoreduction, pushing product selectivity to near unity. However, activity of most nanostructured photocatalysts remains underwhelming due to fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and sluggish hole transfer. To address these issues, we construct colloidal CdS nanosheets (NSs) with the large basal planes terminated by S2- atomic layers as intrinsic photocatalysts (CdS-S2- NSs). Experimental investigation reveals that the S2- termination endows ultrathin CdS-S2- NSs with facet-resolved redox-catalytic sites: oxidation occurs on S2--terminated large basal facets and reduction happens on side facets. Such an allocation of redox sites not only promotes spatial separation of photoinduced electrons and holes but also facilitates balanced extraction of holes and electrons by shortening the hole diffusion distance along the (001) direction of the ultrathin NSs. Consequently, the CdS-S2- NSs exhibit superb performance for photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion, which was verified by the isotope-labeled experiments to be a record-breaking performance: a CO selectivity of 99%, a CO formation rate of 2.13 mol g-1 h-1, and an effective apparent quantum efficiency of 42.1% under the irradiation (340 to 450 nm) of a solar simulator (AM 1.5G). The breakthrough performance achieved in this work provides novel insights into the precise design of nanostructures for selective and efficient CO2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianfang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyeon Cheong
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kuk Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Cohen T, Waiskopf N, Levi A, Stone D, Remennik S, Banin U. Flow synthesis of photocatalytic semiconductor-metal hybrid nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1944-1953. [PMID: 35050298 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-metal hybrid nanostructures are promising materials for photocatalytic applications, providing high efficiencies compared to their composing counterparts. So far, the synthesis of such hybrid nanoparticles was limited to batch reactors, achieving tunability while demonstrating how each of the nanocrystals' characteristics affects photocatalytic performances. Yet, new methodologies should be established to increase the synthetic yield while maintaining high control over the resulting structures. Herein, scalable advanced flow techniques are introduced, yielding ZnSe-metal hybrid nanoparticles either in a thermal growth or photo-induced growth regime. Firstly, thermal gold growth in the flow reactor is achieved with good control over the metal tip size and the nanoparticle morphology. We address the dependence of the reaction on temperature, the precursor to nanorod molar ratios, and additional parameters. Additionally, light-induced growth by the flow reactor is demonstrated for platinum clusters. The quality of the resulting hybrids is directly demonstrated by their functionality in photocatalytic hydrogen generation by water reduction, displaying enhanced activity compared to bare ZnSe nanorods. The fairly straightforward adaptation of such powerful flow-reaction techniques to scale-up photocatalytic hybrid nanoparticle syntheses takes them one step forwards towards the realization of their potential in real-life application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Cohen
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nir Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - David Stone
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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13
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Liu Y, Yang W, Chen Q, Cullen DA, Xie Z, Lian T. Pt Particle Size Affects Both the Charge Separation and Water Reduction Efficiencies of CdS-Pt Nanorod Photocatalysts for Light Driven H 2 Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2705-2715. [PMID: 35089025 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing the metal catalyst size into nanoclusters or even single atom is an emerging direction of developing more efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic systems. Because the catalyst particle size affects both the catalyst activity and light driven charge separation efficiency, their effects on the overall photocatalytic efficiency are still poorly understood. Herein, using a well-defined semiconductor-metal heterostructure with Pt nanoparticle catalysts selectively grown on the apexes of CdS nanorods (NRs), we study the effect of the Pt catalyst size on light driven H2 generation quantum efficiency (QEH2). With the increase of the Pt catalyst size from 0.7 ± 0.3 to 3.0 ± 0.8 nm, the QEH2 of CdS-Pt increases from 0.5 ± 0.2% to 38.3 ± 5.1%, by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurement reveals that the electron transfer rate from the CdS NR to the Pt tip increases with the Pt diameter following a scaling law of d5.6, giving rise to the increase of electron transfer efficiency at larger Pt sizes. The observed trend can be understood by a simplified kinetic model that assumes the overall efficiency is the product of the quantum efficiencies of charge separation (including hole transfer, electron transfer, and hole scavenging) and water reduction steps, and for CdS-Pt NRs, the quantum efficiencies of electron transfer and water reduction steps increase with the Pt sizes. Our findings suggest the importance of improving the quantum efficiencies of both charge separation and catalysis in designing efficient semiconductor-metal hybrid photocatalysts, especially in the regime of small metal particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,State of Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - David A Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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14
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Yamazaki S, Kutoh M, Yamazaki Y, Yamamoto N, Fujitsuka M. One-Pot Synthesis of Long Rutile TiO 2 Nanorods and Their Photocatalytic Activity for O 2 Evolution: Comparison with Near-Spherical Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31557-31565. [PMID: 34869981 PMCID: PMC8637597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Rutile TiO2 nanorods with lengths greater than 600 nm and aspect ratios greater than ca. 16 were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method using lactic acid (LA) as a structure-directing agent. Under the hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C, the LA concentration higher than 1.6 mol dm-3 and the hydrothermal time of 72 h were needed to obtain 100% rutile nanorods. The length and the width of the nanorods increased with the increasing LA concentration. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanorods was evaluated for the oxygen evolution in aqueous AgNO3 solutions under ultraviolet irradiation. Calcination of the synthesized nanorods at 400 °C was required to decompose residual organic compounds on the surface and improve the oxygen evolution. The highest oxygen evolution rate was obtained with the nanorods after being calcined at 800 °C. It is worth noting that the nanorods retained their shape (aspect ratio of 8.8) at 800 °C. Selected area electron diffraction patterns indicated that the side or the end surface of the nanorods was attributable to the {110} or {111} facet, respectively. Deposition of Pt or PbO2 on the nanorods revealed that the {110} or {111} facet acted as reductive or oxidative sites. For comparison, near-spherical TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel method. Furthermore, using glycolic acid as the structure-directing agent, we synthesized small rutile TiO2 nanorods (aspect ratio of 9) and changed the shape to near-spherical (aspect ratio of 1.3) by calcining at 800 °C. Time-resolved diffuse reflectance spectra were measured to determine the lifetime of the photogenerated electrons. The photocatalytic activity of the nanorods was much lower than that of the near-spherical TiO2 nanoparticles. However, the nanorods synthesized with LA are useful as catalyst support or platforms for various applications because of their unique morphology and high heat resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuko Yamazaki
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Graduate School of Sciences and
Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Masanari Kutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Graduate School of Sciences and
Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Yukari Yamazaki
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Graduate School of Sciences and
Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Nanami Yamamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Graduate School of Sciences and
Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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15
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Choi JY, Park WW, Park B, Sul S, Kwon OH, Song H. Optimal Length of Hybrid Metal–Semiconductor Nanorods for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohwan Sul
- Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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16
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Hao J, Liu H, Wang K, Sun XW, Delville JP, Delville MH. Hole Scavenging and Electron-Hole Pair Photoproduction Rate: Two Mandatory Key Factors to Control Single-Tip Au-CdSe/CdS Nanoheterodimers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15328-15341. [PMID: 34460229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal/semiconductor hetero-nanostructures are now considered as benchmark functional nanomaterials for many light-driven applications. Using laser-driven photodeposition to control growth of gold nanodots (NDs) onto CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods (DRs), we show that the addition of a dedicated hole scavenger (MeOH) is the cornerstone to significantly reduce to less than 3.5% the multiple-site nucleation and 2.5% the rate of gold-free DRs. This means, from a synthetic point of view, that rates up to 90% of single-tip DRs can be reproducibly achieved. Moreover, by systematically varying this hole scavenger concentration and the Au/DRs ratio on the one hand, and the irradiation intensity and the time exposure on the other hand, we explain how gold deposition switches from multisite to single-tipped and how the growth and final size of the single photodeposited ND can be controlled. A model also establishes that the results obtained based on these different varying conditions can be merged onto a single "master behavior" that summarizes and predicts the single-tip gold ND growth onto the CdSe/CdS DRs. We eventually use data from the literature on growth of platinum NDs onto CdS nanorods by laser-deposition to extend our investigation to another metal of major interest and strengthen our modeling of single metallic ND growth onto II-VI semiconducting nanoparticles. This demonstrated strategy can raise a common methodology in the synthesis of single-tip semiconductor-metal hybrid nanoheterodimers (NHDs), leading to advanced nanoparticles architectures for applications in areas as different as photocatalysis, hydrogen production, photovoltaics, and light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hao
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Wei Sun
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Marie-Helene Delville
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
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17
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Tinoco MVDL, Costa MB, Mascaro LH, Brito JFD. Photoelectrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles on Sb2Se3 photocathodes for enhanced water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Bai Q, Shupyk I, Vauriot L, Majimel J, Labrugere C, Delville MH, Delville JP. Design of Metal@Titanium Oxide Nano-heterodimers by Laser-Driven Photodeposition: Growth Mechanism and Modeling. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2947-2961. [PMID: 33528241 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to circumvent the usual nucleation of randomly distributed tiny metallic dots photodeposited on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) induced by conventional UV lamps, we propose to synthesize well-controlled nanoheterodimers (NHDs) using lasers focused inside microfluidic reactors to strongly photoactivate redox reactions of active ions flowing along with nanoparticles in water solution. Since the flux of photons issued from a focused laser may be orders of magnitude higher than that reachable with classical lamps, the production of electron-hole pairs is tremendously increased, ensuring a large availability of carriers for the deposition and favoring the growth of a single metallic dot as compared to secondary nucleation events. We show that the growth of single silver or gold nanodots can be controlled by varying the beam intensity, the concentration of the metallic salt, and the flow velocity inside the microreactor. The confrontation to a build-in model of the metallic nanodot light-induced growth onto the surface of TiO2 NPs shows the emergence of a predictable "master behavior" on which individual growths obtained from various tested conditions do collapse. We also characterized the associated quantum yield. Eventually, we successfully confronted our model to growth data from the literature in the case of silver on TiO2 and gold on II-VI semiconducting NPs triggered by UV lamps. It shows that for the photosynthesis of NHDs the efficiency of the electron-hole pair production rate matters much more than the number of pairs produced and that the use of laser light can provide a photodeposition-based synthesis at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Bai
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Ivan Shupyk
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Laetitia Vauriot
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jerome Majimel
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
| | - Christine Labrugere
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, PLACAMAT, UMS 3626, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Marie-Helene Delville
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France
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19
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Burke R, Bren KL, Krauss TD. Semiconductor nanocrystal photocatalysis for the production of solar fuels. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0032172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeckah Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Kara L. Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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20
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Kranz C, Wächtler M. Characterizing photocatalysts for water splitting: from atoms to bulk and from slow to ultrafast processes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1407-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on characterisation techniques for light-driven redox-catalysts highlighting spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kranz
- Ulm University
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- Department Functional Interfaces
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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21
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Rani E, Talebi P, Cao W, Huttula M, Singh H. Harnessing photo/electro-catalytic activity via nano-junctions in ternary nanocomposites for clean energy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23461-23479. [PMID: 33211053 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05782g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Though solar energy availability is predicted for centuries, the diurnal and asymmetrical nature of the sun across the globe presents significant challenges in terms of harvesting sunlight. Photo/electro-catalysis, currently believed to be the bottleneck, promises a potential solution to these challenges along with a green and sustainable environment. This review aims to provide the current highlights on the application of inorganic-semiconductor-based ternary nanocomposites for H2 production and pollutant removal. Various engineering strategies employing integration of 2D materials, 1D nanorods, and/or 0D nanoparticles with inorganic semiconductors to create multiple nano-junctions have been developed for the excellent photocatalytic activity. Following a succinct description of the latest progress in photocatalysts, a discussion on the importance of ternary electrocatalysts in the field of next-generation supercapacitors has been included. Finally, the authors' perspectives are considered briefly, including future developments and critical technical challenges in the ever-growing field of photo/electro-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Rani
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland.
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22
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Utterback JK, Cline RP, Shulenberger KE, Eaves JD, Dukovic G. The Motion of Trapped Holes on Nanocrystal Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9876-9885. [PMID: 33170725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses the phenomenon of trapped-hole diffusion in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. Surface charge-carrier traps are ubiquitous in nanocrystals and often dictate the fate of photoexcited carriers. New measurements and calculations are unveiling the nature of the nanocrystal surface, but many challenges to understanding the dynamics of trapped carriers remain. In contrast to the view that trapped holes are stationary, we have put forward a series of reports demonstrating that trapped holes on the surfaces of CdS and CdSe nanocrystals are mobile and move between traps in a sequence of hops. We summarize how these findings advance the understanding of carrier dynamics in colloidal nanocrystals and how they may impact a broad set of excited-state behaviors in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - R Peyton Cline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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23
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Holm A, Goodman ED, Stenlid JH, Aitbekova A, Zelaya R, Diroll BT, Johnston-Peck AC, Kao KC, Frank CW, Pettersson LGM, Cargnello M. Nanoscale Spatial Distribution of Supported Nanoparticles Controls Activity and Stability in Powder Catalysts for CO Oxidation and Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14481-14494. [PMID: 32786792 PMCID: PMC7924732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal nanoparticles are essential components of high-performing catalysts, and their structures are intensely researched. In comparison, nanoparticle spatial distribution in powder catalysts is conventionally not quantified, and the influence of this collective property on catalyst performance remains poorly investigated. Here, we demonstrate a general colloidal self-assembly method to control uniformity of nanoparticle spatial distribution on common industrial powder supports. We quantify distributions on the nanoscale using image statistics and show that the type of nanospatial distribution determines not only the stability, but also the activity of heterogeneous catalysts. Widely investigated systems (Au-TiO2 for CO oxidation thermocatalysis and Pd-TiO2 for H2 evolution photocatalysis) were used to showcase the universal importance of nanoparticle spatial organization. Spatially and temporally resolved microkinetic modeling revealed that nonuniformly distributed Au nanoparticles suffer from local depletion of surface oxygen, and therefore lower CO oxidation activity, as compared to uniformly distributed nanoparticles. Nanoparticle spatial distribution also determines the stability of Pd-TiO2 photocatalysts, because nonuniformly distributed nanoparticles sinter while uniformly distributed nanoparticles do not. This work introduces new tools to evaluate and understand catalyst collective (ensemble) properties in powder catalysts, which thereby pave the way to more active and stable heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Holm
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmett D. Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aisulu Aitbekova
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosadriana Zelaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Aaron C. Johnston-Peck
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kun-Che Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Curtis W. Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lars G. M. Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Chen W, Li X, Wang F, Javaid S, Pang Y, Chen J, Yin Z, Wang S, Li Y, Jia G. Nonepitaxial Gold-Tipped ZnSe Hybrid Nanorods for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902231. [PMID: 31769587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, colloidal gold (Au)-ZnSe hybrid nanorods (NRs) with controlled size and location of Au domains are synthesized and used for hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting. Au tips are found to grow on the apices of ZnSe NRs nonepitaxially to form an interface with no preference of orientation between Au(111) and ZnSe(001). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Au tips on ZnSe hybrid NRs gain enhanced adsorption of H compared to pristine Au, which favors the hydrogen evolution reaction. Photocatalytic tests reveal that the Au tips on ZnSe NRs effectively enhance the photocatalytic performance in hydrogen generation, in which the single Au-tipped ZnSe hybrid NRs show the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 437.8 µmol h-1 g-1 in comparison with a rate of 51.5 µmol h-1 g-1 for pristine ZnSe NRs. An apparent quantum efficiency of 1.3% for hydrogen evolution reaction for single Au-tipped ZnSe hybrid NRs is obtained, showing the potential application of this type of cadmium (Cd)-free metal-semiconductor hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) in solar hydrogen production. This work opens an avenue toward Cd-free hybrid NP-based photocatalysis for clean fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Fei Wang
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Shaghraf Javaid
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Yingping Pang
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yunguo Li
- Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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25
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Utterback JK, Ruzicka JL, Keller HR, Pellows LM, Dukovic G. Electron Transfer from Semiconductor Nanocrystals to Redox Enzymes. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2020; 71:335-359. [PMID: 32074472 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-050317-014232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes progress in understanding electron transfer from photoexcited nanocrystals to redox enzymes. The combination of the light-harvesting properties of nanocrystals and the catalytic properties of redox enzymes has emerged as a versatile platform to drive a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions with light. Transfer of a photoexcited charge from a nanocrystal to an enzyme is a critical first step for these reactions. This process has been studied in depth in systems that combine Cd-chalcogenide nanocrystals with hydrogenases. The two components can be assembled in close proximity to enable direct interfacial electron transfer or integrated with redox mediators to transport charges. Time-resolved spectroscopy and kinetic modeling have been used to measure the rates and efficiencies of the electron transfer. Electron transfer has been described within the framework of Marcus theory, providing insights into the factors that can be used to control the photochemical activity of these biohybrid systems. The range of potential applications and reactions that can be achieved using nanocrystal-enzyme systems is expanding, and numerous fundamental and practical questions remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; , , .,Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
| | - Jesse L Ruzicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; , ,
| | - Helena R Keller
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;
| | - Lauren M Pellows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; , ,
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; , ,
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26
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Wang P, Li C, Wang M, Jin Y. Controlled Decoration of Divalent Nickel onto CdS/CdSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots to Boost Visible-Light-Induced Hydrogen Generation in Water. Chempluschem 2020; 83:1088-1096. [PMID: 31950710 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The search for a low-cost, noble-metal-free cocatalyst to replace expensive Pt for hydrogen (H2 ) photogeneration in water has become a hot research topic, and among these, Ni-based cocatalysts are promising and highly desired. Developing new strategies and protocols to obtain Ni-based cocatalysts with high activity is therefore vitally important. Herein, we develop a new method to efficiently decorate divalent Ni onto pre-synthesized CdS/CdSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs). The concentration of Ni on the QDs can be easily tuned by varying the amount of the Ni precursor introduced during the synthesis. Further analyses reveal that Ni2+ can be strongly decorated onto QDs. Impressively, the Ni-decorated QDs displayed a significantly enhanced H2 photogeneration performance as compared to the two components prepared separately. Through the optimization of the Ni concentration on the QDs, the turnover frequency (TOF) with respect to Ni and quantum yield ( Φ H 2 ) at 520 nm for H2 evolution from water could reach 322 h-1 and 12.3 %, respectively. A possible mechanism has also been proposed and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chuanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
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27
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Structural Evolution of Ni-Based Co-Catalysts on [Ca2Nb3O10]− Nanosheets during Heating and Their Photocatalytic Properties. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel compounds are among the most frequently used co-catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting. By loading Ni(II) precursors, submonolayer Ni(OH)2 was uniformly distributed onto photocatalytic [Ca2Nb3O10]− nanosheets. Further heating of the nanocomposite was studied both ex situ in various gas environments and in situ under vacuum in the scanning transmission electron microscope. During heating in non-oxidative environments including H2, argon and vacuum, Ni nanoparticles form at ≥200 °C, and they undergo Ostwald ripening at ≥500 °C. High resolution imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy revealed a NiO shell around the Ni core. Ni loading of up to 3 wt% was demonstrated to enhance the rates of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. After heat treatment, a further increase in the reaction rate can be achieved thanks to the Ni core/NiO shell nanoparticles and their large separation.
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28
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Jia Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma Y, Wang G, Lin Y, Hu X, Zhang K. Awakening Solar Hydrogen Evolution of MoS 2 in Alkalescent Electrolyte through Doping with Co. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3336-3342. [PMID: 31087519 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides, especially MoS2 , have been regarded as promising cocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) because of a near-zero Gibbs free energy for H+ absorption. However, the HER activity of MoS2 is profoundly restricted by acidic media. Co-doped MoS2 (Co-MoS2 ) nanosheets are found to enable the highly efficient solar H2 evolution of CdS nanowires (NWs) in alkalescent electrolyte. The content of Co in MoS2 is optimized to 2.8 % and the Co-MoS2 content in Co-MoS2 /CdS NWs hybrids is 2.5 wt %; the optimized Co-MoS2 /CdS NWs shows a high H2 evolution rate of 14.22 mmol g-1 h-1 and 71 % apparent quantum efficiency in the Na2 SO3 electrolyte. Moreover, the H2 generation enabled by the Co-MoS2 cocatalyst can exhibit universality in alkalescent electrolytes, such as triethanolamine (TEA) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), exhibiting greater photocatalytic H2 generation than Pt/CdS. The design of Co-MoS2 /CdS sheds light on the development of highly efficient low-cost photocatalysts for solar H2 generation from water reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408000, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408000, P.R. China
| | - Guannan Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, P.R. China
| | - Yinhe Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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29
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Zhukovskyi M, Yashan H, Kuno M. Low-dimensional II–VI semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Bing Fan
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA United Kingdom
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Petroleum University No. 8, Xindu Road, Xindu District Chengdu 610500 P. R. China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA United Kingdom
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA United Kingdom
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31
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Ballentine MD, Embry EG, Garcia MA, Hill LJ. Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:718-724. [PMID: 30931213 PMCID: PMC6423590 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates whether metal deposition onto an existing nanorod can be carried out using an ionic liquid, and the effect this has on catalytic performance. Platinum, gold, and silver nanoparticles were deposited onto CdSe@CdS (core@shell) nanorods from metal salts in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) without additional surfactants or reducing agents. Photocatalytic dye degradation experiments showed that catalysts with platinum particles deposited using the ionic liquid out-performed similar materials synthesized using organic solvents and ligands. We concluded that metal particles can be deposited onto well-defined semiconductor nanorods using ionic liquids and metal salts without the need for additional reagents, and the deposited particles did not cause significant aggregation even when these materials were taken into organic media. It is possible that a broad range of metal/semiconductor heterostructured particles can be prepared using the methods reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ballentine
- 1906 College Heights Blvd., Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Embry
- 1906 College Heights Blvd., Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
| | - Marco A Garcia
- 1906 College Heights Blvd., Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
| | - Lawrence J Hill
- 1906 College Heights Blvd., Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
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32
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Waiskopf N, Ben-Shahar Y, Banin U. Photocatalytic Hybrid Semiconductor-Metal Nanoparticles; from Synergistic Properties to Emerging Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706697. [PMID: 29656489 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (HNPs) manifest unique combined and often synergetic properties stemming from the materials combination. These structures exhibit spatial charge separation across the semiconductor-metal junction upon light absorption, enabling their use as photocatalysts. So far, the main impetus of photocatalysis research in HNPs addresses their functionality in solar fuel generation. Recently, it was discovered that HNPs are functional in efficient photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This has opened the path for their implementation in diverse biomedical and industrial applications where high spatially temporally resolved ROS formation is essential. Here, the latest studies on the synergistic characteristics of HNPs are summarized, including their optical, electrical, and chemical properties and their photocatalytic function in the field of solar fuel generation is briefly discussed. Recent studies are then focused concerning photocatalytic ROS formation with HNPs under aerobic conditions. The emergent applications of this capacity are then highlighted, including light-induced modulation of enzymatic activity, photodynamic therapy, antifouling, wound healing, and as novel photoinitiators for 3D-printing. The superb photophysical and photocatalytic properties of HNPs offer already clear advantages for their utility in scenarios requiring on-demand light-induced radical formation and the full potential of HNPs in this context is yet to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Ben-Shahar
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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33
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Li Q, Zhao F, Qu C, Shang Q, Xu Z, Yu L, McBride JR, Lian T. Two-Dimensional Morphology Enhances Light-Driven H 2 Generation Efficiency in CdS Nanoplatelet-Pt Heterostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11726-11734. [PMID: 30145886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven H2 generation using semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructures has attracted intense recent interest because of the ability to rationally improve their performance by tailoring their size, composition, and morphology. In zero- and one-dimensional nanomaterials, the lifetime of the photoinduced charge-separated state is still too short for H2 evolution reaction, limiting the solar-to-H2 conversion efficiency. Here we report that using two-dimensional (2D) CdS nanoplatelet (NPL)-Pt heterostructures, H2 generation internal quantum efficiency (IQE) can exceed 40% at pH 8.8-13 and approach unity at pH 14.7. The near unity IQE at pH 14.7 is similar to those reported for 1D nanorods and can be attributed to the irreversible hole removal by OH-. At pH < 13, the IQE of 2D NPL-Pt is significantly higher than those in 1D nanorods. Detailed time-resolved spectroscopic studies and modeling of the elementary charge separation and recombination processes show that, compared to 1D nanorods, 2D morphology extends charge-separated state lifetime and may play a dominant role in enhancing the H2 generation efficiency. This work provides a new approach for designing nanostructures for efficient light-driven H2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Fengjiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Qiongyi Shang
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - James R McBride
- Department of Chemistry, The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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34
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Le TA, Huynh TP. The Combination of Hydrogen and Methanol Production through Artificial Photosynthesis-Are We Ready Yet? CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2654-2672. [PMID: 29944207 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because 100 % quantum efficiency for the photosynthetic production of H2 from H2 O under visible illumination has been achieved recently, the oxidation of H2 O to O2 remains the bottleneck to the overall water-splitting reaction. Oxidation of CH4 to CH3 OH might be combined with water reduction instead, so that H2 and CH3 OH chemical fuels can be simultaneously produced through a one-step process under solar illumination. This combination would be a promising approach towards a more sustainable future of chemistry, in which developing different strategies for artificial photosynthesis is of paramount importance. By using free and adsorbed HO. radicals on the semiconductor surface, CH4 can be activated to H3 C. radicals and converted into CH3 OH, respectively, with great selectivity up to 100 %. The present lack of efficient photosynthetic systems for the formation of H2 and CH3 OH from abundant H2 O and CH4 motivates future research for basic science and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung-Anh Le
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Tan-Phat Huynh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500, Turku, Finland
- Center of Functional Materials, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
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35
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Moroz P, Boddy A, Zamkov M. Challenges and Prospects of Photocatalytic Applications Utilizing Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Front Chem 2018; 6:353. [PMID: 30159309 PMCID: PMC6103974 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic systems based on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have gained considerable attention owing to potential benefits that include a visible-range light extinction and a low spatial overlap of photoinduced charges. When coupled to metal catalysts, nanocrystal sensitizers have demonstrated a compelling performance in homogenous photoreduction reactions, including the degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen generation. Going beyond half-cycle reactions, however, the progress in the field of nanocrystal photocatalysis has been rather limited. Here, we review some of the challenges associated with photocatalytic applications of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and highlight possible directions aimed toward their resolution. A particular emphasis was made on new paradigms in this field, including the possibility of harvesting triplet excitons and utilizing nanocrystal assemblies to accumulate multiple charges at the reaction site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moroz
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Anthony Boddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Mikhail Zamkov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
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36
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Ben-Shahar Y, Philbin JP, Scotognella F, Ganzer L, Cerullo G, Rabani E, Banin U. Charge Carrier Dynamics in Photocatalytic Hybrid Semiconductor-Metal Nanorods: Crossover from Auger Recombination to Charge Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5211-5216. [PMID: 29985622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (HNPs) manifest unique, synergistic electronic and optical properties as a result of combining semiconductor and metal physics via a controlled interface. These structures can exhibit spatial charge separation across the semiconductor-metal junction upon light absorption, enabling their use as photocatalysts. The combination of the photocatalytic activity of the metal domain with the ability to generate and accommodate multiple excitons in the semiconducting domain can lead to improved photocatalytic performance because injecting multiple charge carriers into the active catalytic sites can increase the quantum yield. Herein, we show a significant metal domain size dependence of the charge carrier dynamics as well as the photocatalytic hydrogen generation efficiencies under nonlinear excitation conditions. An understanding of this size dependence allows one to control the charge carrier dynamics following the absorption of light. Using a model hybrid semiconductor-metal CdS-Au nanorod system and combining transient absorption and hydrogen evolution kinetics, we reveal faster and more efficient charge separation and transfer under multiexciton excitation conditions for large metal domains compared to small ones. Theoretical modeling uncovers a competition between the kinetics of Auger recombination and charge separation. A crossover in the dominant process from Auger recombination to charge separation as the metal domain size increases allows for effective multiexciton dissociation and harvesting in large metal domain HNPs. This was also found to lead to relative improvement of their photocatalytic activity under nonlinear excitation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ben-Shahar
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - John P Philbin
- Department of Chemistry , University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , United States
| | | | - Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , Milan 20133 , Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , Milan 20133 , Italy
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry , University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , United States
- The Sackler Institute for Computational Molecular and Materials Science , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel 69978
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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Shaik F, Peer I, Jain PK, Amirav L. Plasmon-Enhanced Multicarrier Photocatalysis. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4370-4376. [PMID: 29932665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of solar energy into liquid fuel often relies on multielectron redox processes that include highly reactive intermediates, with back reaction routes that hinder the overall efficiency of the process. Here, we reveal that these undesirable reaction pathways can be minimized, rendering the photocatalytic reactions more efficient, when charge carriers are harvested from a multiexcitonic state of a semiconductor photocatalyst. A plasmonic antenna, comprising Au nanoprisms, was employed to accomplish feasible levels of multiple carrier excitations in semiconductor nanocrystal-based photocatalytic systems (CdSe@CdS core-shell quantum dots and CdSe@CdS seeded nanorods). The antenna's near-field amplifies the otherwise inherently weak biexciton generation in the semiconductor. The two-electron photoreduction of Pt and Pd metal precursors served as model reactions. In the presence of the plasmonic antenna, these photocatalyzed two-electron reactions exhibited enhanced yields and kinetics. This work uniquely relies on a nonlinear enhancement that has potential for large amplification of photocatalytic activity in the presence of a plasmonic near-field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdoz Shaik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Imanuel Peer
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
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38
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Nakibli Y, Mazal Y, Dubi Y, Wächtler M, Amirav L. Size Matters: Cocatalyst Size Effect on Charge Transfer and Photocatalytic Activity. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:357-364. [PMID: 29236508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid semiconductor-metallic nanostructures play an important role in a wide range of applications and are key components in photocatalysis. Here we reveal that the nature of a nanojunction formed between a semiconductor nanorod and metal nanoparticle is sensitive to the size of the metal component. This is reflected in the activity toward hydrogen production, emission quantum yields, and the efficiency of charge separation which is determined by transient absorption spectroscopy. A set of Ni decorated CdSe@CdS nanorods with different tip size were examined, and an optimal metal domain size of 5.2 nm was obtained. Remarkably, charge separation time constants were found to be nonvariant with metal tip size. It is proposed that electron transfer mechanism encompasses two consecutive but separate processes: slow charge migration along the rod toward the interface, followed by fast interface crossing of the electron from the semiconductor into the metal phase. The first migration step dominates the time constant for the charge separation process and is not affected by the metal size. The efficiency of charge separation on the other hand was found to be sensitive to metal size. It is suggested that Coulomb blockade charging energy and a size-dependent Schottky barrier contribute to the metal size effect on charge transfer probability across the semiconductor-metal nanojunction. These two opposing trends result in an optimal metal size domain for the cocatalyst. This work is expected to benefit a broad range of applications utilizing semiconductor-metal nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Nakibli
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yair Mazal
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yonatan Dubi
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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39
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Fan JX, Liu MD, Li CX, Hong S, Zheng DW, Liu XH, Chen S, Cheng H, Zhang XZ. A metal-semiconductor nanocomposite as an efficient oxygen-independent photosensitizer for photodynamic tumor therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:349-355. [PMID: 32260665 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as one of the most promising cancer treatments, and oxygen-independent photosensitizers have been intensively explored for advancing the development of PDT. Here, we reported on a superior hybrid nanocomposite (HNC) consisting of a metal (Au deposition) and a semiconductor (CdSe-seeded/CdS nanorods) as a photosensitizer. Under visible light, the photogenerated holes were three-dimensionally confined to the CdSe quantum dots and the delocalized electrons were transferred to the Au tips, which provided hydrogen and oxygen evolution sites for water splitting to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) with no need for oxygen participation. Compared with semiconductors without deposited metal (i.e. raw CdSe-seeded/CdS nanorods (NRs)) under a normoxic or hypoxic environment, the HNCs exhibited substantially enhanced light-triggered ROS generation in vitro. After being modified with an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequence, the nanocomposite was deemed as a tumor-targeting, long-lived and oxygen-independent photosensitizer with promoted PDT efficiency for in vivo anti-tumor therapy. This oxygen-independent nanocomposite successfully overcame the hypoxia-related PDT resistance by water splitting, which opened a window to develop conventional semiconductors as photosensitizers for effective PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Choi JY, Jeong D, Lee SJ, Kang DG, Kim SK, Nam KM, Song H. Engineering Reaction Kinetics by Tailoring the Metal Tips of Metal-Semiconductor Nanodumbbells. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5688-5694. [PMID: 28850244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-metal hybrid nanostructures are one of the best model catalysts for understanding photocatalytic hydrogen generation. To investigate the optimal structure of metal cocatalysts, metal-CdSe-metal nanodumbbells were synthesized with three distinct sets of metal tips, Pt-CdSe-Pt, Au-CdSe-Au, and Au-CdSe-Pt. Photoelectrochemical responses and transient absorption spectra showed that the competition between the charge recombination at the metal-CdSe interface and the water reduction on the metal surface is a detrimental factor for the apparent hydrogen evolution rate. For instance, a large recombination rate (krec) at the Pt-CdSe interface limits the quantum yield of hydrogen generation despite a superior water reduction rate (kWR) on the Pt surface. To suppress the recombination process, Pt was selectively deposited onto the Au tips of Au-CdSe-Au nanodumbbells in which the krec was diminished at the Au-CdSe interface, and the large kWR was maintained on the Pt surface. As a result, the optimal structure of the Pt-coated Au-CdSe-Au nanodumbbells reached a quantum yield of 4.84%. These findings successfully demonstrate that the rational design of a metal cocatalyst and metal-semiconductor interface can additionally enhance the catalytic performance of the photochemical hydrogen generation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyi Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Joo Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University , Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Cho SK, Chang J. Electrochemically Identified Ultrathin Water-Oxidation Catalyst in Neutral pH Solution Containing Ni 2+ and Its Combination with Photoelectrode. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:432-442. [PMID: 31457449 PMCID: PMC6641076 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation electrocatalyzed by Ni2+ under neutral conditions was investigated using various electrochemical analyses. The addition of Ni2+ in a phosphate-buffered solution catalyzed the oxidation of water, as confirmed by the detection of oxygen generation via scanning electrochemical microscopy. A combination of cyclic voltammetry, coulometric titration, and electrochemical quartz microbalance measurements identified the catalysis as heterogeneous and the catalyst as a Ni-based ultrathin (<4 nm) layer ("Ni-Pi"). Analysis of the potential- and pH-dependency of the titrated amount of charge revealed that the catalyst was deposited only under anodic polarization conditions and was removed under unpolarized conditions; the catalyst may be Ni(III) oxide, and its formation and oxidation appeared to be chemically irreversible. The diffusion-limited nature of water oxidation catalyzed by Ni2+ was closely related to the phosphate ions involved in the catalyst formation and the accompanying catalysis. Although the catalytic performance of Ni2+ alone was not remarkable, it exhibited a synergetic effect with BiVO4 for photoelectrochemical water oxidation, which can compete with Co-Pi-decorated BiVO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ki Cho
- Department
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Kumoh
National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 730-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoBio Applied Technology, Sungshin Women’s University, 55 Dobong-ro, 76ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-732, Republic
of Korea
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Xu Q, Zeng J, Wang H, Li X, Xu J, Wu J, Xiao G, Xiao FX, Liu X. Ligand-triggered electrostatic self-assembly of CdS nanosheet/Au nanocrystal nanocomposites for versatile photocatalytic redox applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19161-19173. [PMID: 27827501 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile and efficient ligand-triggered electrostatic self-assembly strategy has been developed to fabricate a series of Au/CdS nanosheet (Ns) (Au-CdS Ns) nanocomposites with varied weight addition ratios of Au nanoparticles (NPs) by judiciously utilizing the intrinsic surface charge properties of assembly units, through which uniform dispersion and controllable deposition of Au NPs on the CdS Ns were achieved. Versatile probe reactions including photocatalytic oxidation of an organic dye pollutant, selective photocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds and photocatalytic hydrogen production reactions under visible light irradiation and ambient conditions were used to systematically evaluate the photoredox performances of the as-assembled well-defined Au-CdS Ns nanocomposites. It was unveiled that the photoactivities of Au-CdS Ns nanocomposites strongly depend on the weight addition ratio of Au NPs and the addition of an excess amount of Au NPs is detrimental to the separation of photogenerated charge carriers from CdS Ns. With the optimum addition amount of Au NPs (1 wt%), it was found that spontaneous assembly of Au NPs on the CdS Ns remarkably prolonged the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers from CdS Ns under visible light irradiation, thus resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic redox activities of Au-CdS Ns nanocomposites compared with those of CdS Ns. The crucial role of Au NPs in the photoredox reactions as efficient electron traps rather than plasmonic sensitizers was determined. Moreover, predominant active species responsible for the photocatalytic process were unambiguously determined and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was elucidated. It is anticipated that our work could open up a new avenue to rationally prepare various 2D semiconductors-metal nanocomposites by utilizing such a simple and efficient self-assembly strategy for extensive photocatalytic applications in a myriad of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
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43
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Altomare M, Nguyen NT, Schmuki P. Templated dewetting: designing entirely self-organized platforms for photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6865-6886. [PMID: 28567258 PMCID: PMC5450593 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation and dispersion of metal nanoparticles on oxide surfaces in site-specific or even arrayed configuration are key in various technological processes such as catalysis, photonics, electrochemistry and for fabricating electrodes, sensors, memory devices, and magnetic, optical, and plasmonic platforms. A crucial aspect towards an efficient performance of many of these metal/metal oxide arrangements is a reliable fabrication approach. Since the early works on graphoepitaxy in the 70s, solid state dewetting of metal films on patterned surfaces has been much explored and regarded as a most effective tool to form defined arrays of ordered metal particles on a desired substrate. While templated dewetting has been studied in detail, particularly from a mechanistic perspective on lithographically patterned Si surfaces, the resulting outstanding potential of its applications on metal oxide semiconductors, such as titania, has received only limited attention. In this perspective we illustrate how dewetting and particularly templated dewetting can be used to fabricate highly efficient metal/TiO2 photocatalyst assemblies e.g. for green hydrogen evolution. A remarkable advantage is that the synthesis of such photocatalysts is completely based on self-ordering principles: anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays that self-align to a highest degree of hexagonal ordering are an ideal topographical substrate for a second self-ordering process, that is, templated-dewetting of sputter-deposited metal thin films. The controllable metal/semiconductor coupling delivers intriguing features and functionalities. We review concepts inherent to dewetting and particularly templated dewetting, and outline a series of effective tools that can be synergistically interlaced to reach fine control with nanoscopic precision over the resulting metal/TiO2 structures (in terms of e.g. high ordering, size distribution, site specific placement, alloy formation) to maximize their photocatalytic efficiency. These processes are easy to scale up and have a high throughput and great potential to be applied to fabricate not only (photo)catalytic materials but also a large palette of other functional nanostructured elements and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Altomare
- Department of Materials Science , Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion WW4-LKO , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 9131 8527575
| | - Nhat Truong Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science , Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion WW4-LKO , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 9131 8527575
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science , Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion WW4-LKO , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 9131 8527575
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , 80203 Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Kundu
- Department
of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- Department
of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Ben-Shahar Y, Banin U. Hybrid Semiconductor–Metal Nanorods as Photocatalysts. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sung Y, Lim J, Koh JH, Min BK, Pyun J, Char K. Arm length dependency of Pt-decorated CdSe tetrapods on the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen generation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Lee S, Jeong S, Kim WD, Lee S, Lee K, Bae WK, Moon JH, Lee S, Lee DC. Low-coordinated surface atoms of CuPt alloy cocatalysts on TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic conversion of CO2. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10043-10048. [PMID: 27137458 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CH4 using CuPt alloy nanoclusters anchored on TiO2. As the size of CuPt alloy nanoclusters decreases, the photocatalytic activity improves significantly. Small CuPt nanoclusters strongly bind CO2 intermediates and have a stronger interaction with the TiO2 support, which also contributes to an increased CH4 generation rate. The alloying and size effects prove to be the key to efficient CO2 reduction, highlighting a strategic platform for the design of photocatalysts for CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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48
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Kalisman P, Nakibli Y, Amirav L. Perfect Photon-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1776-81. [PMID: 26788824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a record 100% photon-to-hydrogen production efficiency, under visible light illumination, for the photocatalytic water-splitting reduction half-reaction. This result was accomplished by utilization of nanoparticle-based photocatalysts, composed of Pt-tipped CdSe@CdS rods, with a hydroxyl anion-radical redox couple operating as a shuttle to relay the holes. The implications of such record efficiency for the prospects of realizing practical over all water splitting and solar-to-fuel energy conversion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kalisman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yifat Nakibli
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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49
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Kalisman P, Nakibli Y, Amirav L. Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods. J Vis Exp 2016:e53675. [PMID: 26891234 DOI: 10.3791/53675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a procedure for the photochemical oxidative growth of iridium oxide catalysts on the surface of seeded cadmium selenide-cadmium sulfide (CdSe@CdS) nanorod photocatalysts. Seeded rods are grown using a colloidal hot-injection method and then moved to an aqueous medium by ligand exchange. CdSe@CdS nanorods, an iridium precursor and other salts are mixed and illuminated. The deposition process is initiated by absorption of photons by the semiconductor particle, which results with formation of charge carriers that are used to promote redox reactions. To insure photochemical oxidative growth we used an electron scavenger. The photogenerated holes oxidize the iridium precursor, apparently in a mediated oxidative pathway. This results in the growth of high quality crystalline iridium oxide particles, ranging from 0.5 nm to about 3 nm, along the surface of the rod. Iridium oxide grown on CdSe@CdS heterostructures was studied by a variety of characterization methods, in order to evaluate its characteristics and quality. We explored means for control over particle size, crystallinity, deposition location on the CdS rod, and composition. Illumination time and excitation wavelength were found to be key parameters for such control. The influence of different growth conditions and the characterization of these heterostructures are described alongside a detailed description of their synthesis. Of significance is the fact that the addition of iridium oxide afforded the rods astounding photochemical stability under prolonged illumination in pure water (alleviating the requirement for hole scavengers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kalisman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Yifat Nakibli
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology;
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50
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Wu K, Lian T. Quantum confined colloidal nanorod heterostructures for solar-to-fuel conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3781-810. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanorods (NRs) offer the opportunity to simultaneously maintain quantum confinement in radial dimensions for tunable light absorptions and bulk like carrier transport in the axial direction for long-distance charge separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
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