1
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Javed N, Pacheco H, Sreekumar S, Chong J, Cheng Z, O'Carroll DM. High solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon-dot-derived molecular fluorophores for light-emitting devices. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10388-10397. [PMID: 38739021 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Several recent studies of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by bottom-up methods under mild conditions have reported the presence of organic molecular fluorophores in CD dispersions. These fluorophores have a tendency to aggregate, and their properties strongly depend on whether they are present in the form of discrete molecules or aggregates. The aggregation becomes more prominent in the solid state, which motivates the study of the properties of the fluorophores associated with CDs in the solid state. Here, we report the solid-state characterization of N4,N11-dimethyldibenzo[a,h]phenazine-4,11-diamine (BPD) - a molecular fluorophore that forms CDs. Discrete BPD molecules show excitation-wavelength-independent photoluminescence (PL) emission in the green wavelength region at ∼520 nm. However, additional blue PL is also observed due to aggregation, making the PL emission significantly broad. For detailed studies, BPD is mixed in different solid matrices, and it is observed that the PL quantum yield (PLQY) of BPD films strongly depends on the concentration of BPD in the solid matrices. Increasing the concentration of BPD results in a considerable decrease in the PLQY. The PLQY of the films with an optimum concentration of BPD is 75.9% and 40.2% in polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene, respectively. At higher concentrations, these PLQY values decrease to ∼11%. The significant decrease in the PLQY is ascribed to reabsorption and nonradiative exciton decay that is facilitated by BPD aggregation at higher concentrations. Finally, light-emitting devices (LEDs) were fabricated with almost pure white emission color, having CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates of (0.35, 0.37) using BPD in the color-converting layer of blue-pumped LEDs. The device shows a luminous efficiency 3.8 lm W-1 and luminance of 43 331 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Javed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haydee Pacheco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Sneha Sreekumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinyu Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhongkai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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2
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Ghasemi M, Wei Q, Lu J, Yang Y, Hou J, Jia B, Wen X. Can thick metal-halide perovskite single crystals have narrower optical bandgaps with near-infrared absorption? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9137-9148. [PMID: 38456202 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite (MHP) single crystals are emerging as potential competitors to their polycrystalline thin-film counterparts. These materials have shown the specific feature of extended absorbance towards the near-infrared (NIR) region, which promises further extension of their applications in the field of photovoltaics and photodetectors. This notable expansion of absorbance has been explained by the narrower effective optical bandgap of MHP single crystals promoted by their large thickness over several micrometres to millimetres. Herein, the attributes of the material's thickness and the measurement technique used to estimate these characteristics are discussed to elucidate the actual origins of the extended absorbance of MHP single crystals. Contrary to the general belief of the narrower bandgap of the MHP single crystals, we demonstrate that the extended NIR absorption in the MHP single crystals mainly originates from the combination of unique below-bandgap absorption of MHPs, the thickness of single crystals, and the technical limitation of the spectrophotometer, with the key attributes of (i) significantly large thickness of the MHP single crystals by suppressing the transmitted light and (ii) the detector's limited dynamic range. Combining the theoretical and experimental characterizations, we clarify the significant role of the large thickness together with the limited sensitivity of the detector in promoting the well-known red shift of the absorption onset of the MHP single crystals. The observations evidently show that in some special circumstances, the acquired absorption spectrum cannot reliably represent the optical bandgap of MHP materials. This highlights some misinterpretations in the estimation of the narrower optical bandgap of the MHP single crystals from conventional optical methods, while the optical bandgap is an inherent property independent of the thickness. The proposed broad applications of the MHP single crystals are dictated by their fascinating properties, and therefore, a deep insight into these features should be considered besides device applications, because much of their property-function relationships are still ambiguous and a subject of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Ghasemi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Qianwen Wei
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Junlin Lu
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Yu Yang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
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3
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Afrin S, Yang X, Morris AJ, Grumstrup EM. Rapid Exciton Transport and Structural Defects in Individual Porphyrinic Metal Organic Framework Microcrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4309-4313. [PMID: 38330249 PMCID: PMC10885150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
To date, spectroscopic characterization of porphyrin-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has relied almost exclusively on ensemble techniques, which provide only structurally averaged insight into the functional properties of these promising photochemical platforms. This work employs time-resolved pump-probe microscopy to probe ultrafast dynamics in PCN-222 MOF single crystals. The simultaneous high spatial and temporal resolution of the technique enables the correlation of spectroscopic observables to both inter- and intracrystal structural heterogeneity. The pump-probe measurements show that significant differences in the excited state lifetime exist between individual PCN-222 crystals of an ensemble. On a single PCN-222 crystal, differences in excited state lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield are found to correlate to microscale structural defects introduced at crystallization. Pump probe microscopy also enables the direct measurement of excited state transport. Imaging of exciton transport on individual MOF crystals reveals rapid, but subdiffusive exciton transport which slows on the 10s of ps time scale. Time-averaged exciton diffusion coefficients over the first 200 ps span a range of 0.27 to 1.0 cm2/s, indicating that excited states are rapidly transported through the porphyrin network of PCN-222 before being trapped. Together, these single-particle-resolved measurements provide important new insight into the role played by structural defects on the photochemical functionality of porphyrin-based MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajia Afrin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Erik M Grumstrup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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4
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Dang Z, Chen Y, Fang Z. Cathodoluminescence Nanoscopy: State of the Art and Beyond. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24431-24448. [PMID: 38054434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL) nanoscopy is proven to be a powerful tool to explore nanoscale optical properties, whereby free electron beams achieve a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light. With developed methods for the control of electron beams and the collection of light, the dimension of information that CL can access has been expanded to include polarization, momentum, and time, holding promise to provide invaluable insights into the study of materials and optical near-field dynamics. With a focus on the burgeoning field of CL nanoscopy, this perspective outlines the recent advancements and applications of this technique, as illustrated by the salient experimental works. In addition, as an outlook for future research, several appealing directions that may bring about developments and discoveries are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Dang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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5
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Su X, Hou X, Zhang Q, Xie Z, Wei Z, Liu L. 3D-Heterojunction Based on Embedded Perovskite Micro-Sized Single Crystals for Fast Photomultiplier Photodetectors with Broad/Narrowband Dual-Mode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303964. [PMID: 37377121 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A fast photomultiplier photodetector with a broad/narrowband dual mode is implemented using a new 3D heterostructure based on embedded perovskite micro-sized single crystals. Because the single-crystal size is smaller than the electrode size, the active layer can be divided into a perovskite microcrystalline part for charge transport and a polymer-embedded part for charge storage. This induces an additional radial interface in the 3D heterojunction structure, and allows a photogenerated built-in electric field in the radial direction, especially when the energy levels between the perovskite and embedding polymer are similar. This type of heterojunction has a small radial capacitance that can effectively reduce carrier quenching and accelerate the carrier response. By controlling the applied bias direction, up to 300-1000% external quantum efficiency (EQE) and microsecond response can be achieved not only in the wide range of ultraviolet to visible light from 320 to 550 nm, but also in the narrow-band response with a full width at half minimum (FWHM) of 20 nm. This shows great potential for applications in integrated multifunctional photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Su
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xuehua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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6
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Ugur E, Ledinský M, Allen TG, Holovský J, Vlk A, De Wolf S. Life on the Urbach Edge. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7702-7711. [PMID: 35960888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Urbach energy is an expression of the static and dynamic disorder in a semiconductor and is directly accessible via optical characterization techniques. The strength of this metric is that it elegantly captures the optoelectronic performance potential of a semiconductor in a single number. For solar cells, the Urbach energy is found to be predictive of a material's minimal open-circuit-voltage deficit. Performance calculations considering the Urbach energy give more realistic power conversion efficiency limits than from classical Shockley-Queisser considerations. The Urbach energy is often also found to correlate well with the Stokes shift and (inversely) with the carrier mobility of a semiconductor. Here, we discuss key features, underlying physics, measurement techniques, and implications for device fabrication, underlining the utility of this metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ugur
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Ledinský
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas G Allen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jakub Holovský
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technická 2, Prague, 166 27, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Vlk
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Guo T, Zhao S, Chu Z, Ma J, Xu W, Li Y, Shi Z, Ran G. Large-area large-grain CsPbCl 3perovskite films by confined re-growth for violet photodetectors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:33LT01. [PMID: 35561656 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6f65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CsPbCl3perovskite is an attractive semiconductor material with characteristics such as a wide bandgap, high chemical stability, and excellent optoelectronic properties, which broaden its application prospects for ultraviolet (UV) and violet photodetectors (PDs). However, large-area CsPbCl3films with high coverage, large grains, and controllable thickness are still difficult to prepare by using the solution method due to the extremely low solubility of their precursors in conventional solvents. Herein, a water-assisted confined re-growth method is developed, and a CsPbCl3microcrystalline film with an area of 3 cm × 3 cm is grown, the thickness of which is controllable within a range of several microns. The as-prepared thin film exhibits a flat and smooth surface, large grains, and enhanced photoluminescence. Furthermore, the fabricated violet PDs based on the prepared CsPbCl3film show a high responsivity of 2.17 A W-1, external quantum efficiency of 664%, on/off ratio of 2.58 × 103, and good stability. This study provides a prospective solution for the growth of large-area, large-grain, and surface-smooth CsPbCl3films for high-performance UV and violet PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Ran
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Rehermann C, Schröder V, Flatken M, Ünlü F, Shargaieva O, Hoell A, Merdasa A, Mathies F, Mathur S, Unger EL. Role of solution concentration in formation kinetics of bromide perovskite thin films during spin-coating monitored by optical in situ metrology. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32765-32774. [PMID: 36425710 PMCID: PMC9664315 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on metal halide perovskites continue to show a improved performance, and solution-based coating techniques pave the way for large-area applications. However, not all parameters influencing the thin film formation process of metal halide perovskites are identified and entirely rationalised over their full compositional range, thus hampering optimised thin film fabrication. Furthermore, while the perovskite deposition via spin-coating and annealing is an easily accessible technique, more profound insights into the chemical formation process are still lacking. Varying the precursor solution concentration is commonly used to vary the resulting thin film thickness. This study shows that varying the precursor solution concentration also affects the thin film morphology and optoelectronic quality. Hence, we herein investigate the influence of the precursor solution concentration on the formation process of a pure bromide-based triple cation perovskite (Cs0.05MA0.10FA0.85PbBr3) by fiber-based optical in situ measurement. During the spin-coating process, in situ UV-vis and PL measurements reveal formation kinetics are strongly dependent on the concentration. Furthermore, we identify delayed nucleation and retarded growth kinetics for more concentrated precursor solutions. In addition, we quantify the shifting chemical equilibrium of colloidal pre-coordination in the precursor solution depending on concentration. Namely, colloids are pre-organised to a higher degree and higher-coordination lead–bromide complexes tend to form in more concentrated precursor solutions. Thus, the modified solution chemistry rationalises retarded perovskite formation kinetics and highlights the precursor concentration as an influential and optimisable parameter for solution-based thin film deposition. The solution chemistry of the precursor ink defines the formation kinetics of metal halide perovskites. Thus, rationalizing the formation process from solution via the deposition paves the way for high-quality thin films for optoelectronic devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rehermann
- Department of Solution-Processed Materials and Devices, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Flatken
- Department Novel Materials and Interfaces for Photovoltaic Solar Cells, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Ünlü
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Shargaieva
- Department of Solution-Processed Materials and Devices, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Hoell
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Merdasa
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, Lund, Sweden
| | - F. Mathies
- Department of Solution-Processed Materials and Devices, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - E. L. Unger
- Department of Solution-Processed Materials and Devices, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Hybrid Materials: Formation and Scaling, IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Am Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Armaroli G, Ferlauto L, Lédée F, Lini M, Ciavatti A, Kovtun A, Borgatti F, Calabrese G, Milita S, Fraboni B, Cavalcoli D. X-Ray-Induced Modification of the Photophysical Properties of MAPbBr 3 Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58301-58308. [PMID: 34851625 PMCID: PMC8678983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite single crystals demonstrate to be excellent direct X-ray and gamma-ray detectors with outstanding sensitivity and low limit of detection. Despite this, thorough studies on the photophysical effects of exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation on this material are still lacking. In this work, we present our findings regarding the effects of controlled X-ray irradiation on the optoelectronic properties of MAPbBr3 single crystals. Irradiation is carried out in air with an imaging X-ray tube, simulating real-life application in a medical facility. By means of surface photovoltage spectroscopy, we find that X-ray exposure quenches free excitons in the material and introduces new bound excitonic species. Despite this drastic effect, the crystals recover after 1 week of storage in dark and low humidity conditions. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we find that the origin of the new bound excitonic species is the formation of bromine vacancies, leading to local changes in the dielectric response of the material. The recovery effect is attributed to vacancy filling by atmospheric oxygen and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Armaroli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Ferlauto
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research of the University of Bologna (CIRI-MAM), Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Lédée
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research of the University of Bologna (CIRI-MAM), Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Lini
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavatti
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity—(CNR-ISOF), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgatti
- Institute
for Nanostructured Material Study (CNR-ISMN), Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Calabrese
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Milita
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Cavalcoli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Ko BA, Berry K, Qin Z, Sokolov AV, Hu J, Scully MO, Bao J, Zhang Z. Resonant Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing at the Defect Energy Levels of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57075-57083. [PMID: 34797627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites are generating great interest due to their optoelectronic characteristics such as high solar energy conversion efficiency and a tunable direct band gap in the visible regime. However, the presence of defect states within the two-dimensional crystal structure can affect these properties, resulting in changes to their band gap emission as well as the emergence of nonlinear optical phenomena. Here, we have investigated the effects of the presence of defect states on the nonlinear optical phenomena of the 2D hybrid perovskite (BA)2(MA)2Pb3Br10. When two pulses, one narrowband pump pulse centered at 800 nm and one supercontinuum pulse with bandwidth from 800-1100 nm, are incident on a perovskite flake, degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) occurs, with peaks corresponding to the energy levels of the defect states present within the crystal. The longer carrier lifetime of the defect state, in comparison to that of virtual transitions that take place in nonresonant FWM processes, allows for a larger population of electrons to be excited by the second pump photon, resulting in increased FWM signal at the defect energy levels. The quenching of the two-photon luminescence as flake thickness increases is also observed and attributed to the increased presence of defects within the flake at larger thicknesses. This technique shows the potential of detecting defect energy levels in crystals using FWM for a variety of optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Ko
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Keith Berry
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Zhaojun Qin
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Alexei V Sokolov
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jonathan Hu
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Marlan O Scully
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jiming Bao
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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11
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Ferrer Orri J, Tennyson EM, Kusch G, Divitini G, Macpherson S, Oliver RA, Ducati C, Stranks SD. Using pulsed mode scanning electron microscopy for cathodoluminescence studies on hybrid perovskite films. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abfe3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of pulsed mode scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence (CL) for both hyperspectral mapping and time-resolved measurements is found to be useful for the study of hybrid perovskite films, a class of ionic semiconductors that have been shown to be beam sensitive. A range of acquisition parameters is analysed, including beam current and beam mode (either continuous or pulsed operation), and their effect on the CL emission is discussed. Under optimized acquisition conditions, using a pulsed electron beam, the heterogeneity of the emission properties of hybrid perovskite films can be resolved via the acquisition of CL hyperspectral maps. These optimized parameters also enable the acquisition of time-resolved CL of polycrystalline films, showing significantly shorter lived charge carriers dynamics compared to the photoluminescence analogue, hinting at additional electron beam-specimen interactions to be further investigated. This work represents a promising step to investigate hybrid perovskite semiconductors at the nanoscale with CL.
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12
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Baldwin A, Delport G, Leng K, Chahbazian R, Galkowski K, Loh KP, Stranks SD. Local Energy Landscape Drives Long-Range Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskite Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4003-4011. [PMID: 33877840 PMCID: PMC8154849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are versatile semiconductors with applications including photovoltaics and light-emitting devices, having modular optoelectronic properties realizable through composition and dimensionality tuning. Layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are particularly interesting due to their unique 2D character and charge carrier dynamics. However, long-range energy transport through exciton diffusion in these materials is not understood or realized. Here, local time-resolved luminescence mapping techniques are employed to visualize exciton transport in exfoliated flakes of the BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 perovskite family. Two distinct transport regimes are uncovered, depending on the temperature range. Above 100 K, diffusion is mediated by thermally activated hopping processes between localized states. At lower temperatures, a nonuniform energy landscape emerges in which transport is dominated by downhill energy transfer to lower-energy states, leading to long-range transport over hundreds of nanometers. Efficient, long-range, and switchable downhill transfer offers exciting possibilities for controlled directional long-range transport in these 2D materials for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Kai Leng
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosemonde Chahbazian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Fifth Grudziadzka St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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13
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Liu J, Hei D, Xu Q, Tan X, Ruan J, Ouyang X, Nie J, Wei K, Xu Q, Sun B. Low temperature scintillation performance of a Br-doped CH 3NH 3PbCl 3 single-crystalline perovskite. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2020-2024. [PMID: 35424162 PMCID: PMC8693645 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06860h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time response and light yield are two of the most important features of a scintillation detector, and are mostly determined by the luminescence properties of the scintillator. Here we have investigated the radioluminescence (RL) characteristics of a single-crystalline hybrid lead halide perovskite at both room temperature and low temperature. A dual-channel single photon correlation (DCSPC) system with a vacuum chamber is employed for the measurement. A rise time faster than 100 ps and several times enhancement of the crystal scintillation performances at low temperature have been observed. These behaviors demonstrated that bulk solution-grown single crystals of hybrid lead halide perovskites (MAPbCl3 and Br-doped MAPbBr0.08Cl2.92, where MA = CH3NH3) can serve as stable scintillating materials for pulsed gamma detectors. In addition, this work provides a pathway for perovskite application and also attracts attention to investigating low-temperature scintillators. Time response and light yield are two of the most important features of a scintillation detector, and are mostly determined by the luminescence properties of the scintillator.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Dongwei Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Xinjian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Jinlu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China .,Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
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14
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Du JS, Shin D, Stanev TK, Musumeci C, Xie Z, Huang Z, Lai M, Sun L, Zhou W, Stern NP, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Halide perovskite nanocrystal arrays: Multiplexed synthesis and size-dependent emission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eabc4959. [PMID: 32967836 PMCID: PMC7531881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have exceptional optoelectronic properties, but a poor understanding of the relationship between crystal dimensions, composition, and properties limits their use in integrated devices. We report a new multiplexed cantilever-free scanning probe method for synthesizing compositionally diverse and size-controlled halide perovskite nanocrystals spanning square centimeter areas. Single-particle photoluminescence studies reveal multiple independent emission modes due to defect-defined band edges with relative intensities that depend on crystal size at a fixed composition. Smaller particles, but ones with dimensions that exceed the quantum confinement regime, exhibit blue-shifted emission due to reabsorption of higher-energy modes. Six different halide perovskites have been synthesized, including a layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase, and the method has been used to prepare functional solar cells based on single nanocrystals. The ability to pattern arrays of multicolor light-emitting nanocrystals opens avenues toward the development of optoelectronic devices, including optical displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan S Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Donghoon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhuang Xie
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ziyin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Minliang Lai
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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15
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Hickey CL, Grumstrup EM. Direct Correlation of Charge Carrier Transport to Local Crystal Quality in Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5050-5056. [PMID: 32520576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although solution processing methods provide an attractive route toward development of low-cost functional materials, these accessible fabrication approaches can engender high concentrations of microscopic structural defects that are detrimental to performance. In lead halide perovskites, structural disorder derived from solution processing has been implicated as an important determiner of photophysical properties. However, a direct correlation between the functional properties of these materials and the local crystal structure in which non-equilibrium states evolve has remained elusive, in part because structural heterogeneities occur on length scales that defy conventional characterization techniques. To address this knowledge gap, we have combined ultrafast pump-probe microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction to directly correlate charge carrier transport with the local diffraction pattern contrast, an indicator of crystal quality. Spatial correlation of these measurements strongly suggests that even on individual single crystal CsPbBr3 domains, microscopic variability in the crystal quality profoundly impacts the efficiency of charge carrier transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Erik M Grumstrup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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16
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Schuster O, Wientjes P, Shrestha S, Levchuk I, Sytnyk M, Matt GJ, Osvet A, Batentschuk M, Heiss W, Brabec CJ, Fauster T, Niesner D. Looking beyond the Surface: The Band Gap of Bulk Methylammonium Lead Iodide. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3090-3097. [PMID: 32283026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the intense research on photovoltaic lead halide perovskites, reported optical properties as basic as the absorption onset and the optical band gap vary significantly. To unambiguously answer the question whether the discrepancies are a result of differences between bulk and "near-surface" material, we perform two nonlinear spectroscopies with drastically different information depths on single crystals of the prototypical (CH3NH3)PbI3 methylammonium lead iodide. Two-photon absorption, detected via the resulting generation of carriers and photocurrents (2PI-PC), probes the interband transitions with an information depth in the millimeter range relevant for bulk (single-crystal) material. In contrast, the transient magneto-optical Kerr effect (trMOKE) measured in a reflection geometry determines the excitonic transition energies in the region near (hundreds of nm) the surface which also determine the optical properties in typical thin films. To identify differences between structural phases, we sweep the sample temperature across the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature. In the application-relevant room-temperature tetragonal phase (at 170 K), we find a bulk band gap of 1.55 ± 0.01 eV, whereas in the near-surface region excitonic transitions occur at 1.59 ± 0.01 eV. The latter value is consistent with previous reflectance measurements by other groups and considerably higher than the bulk band gap. The small band gap of the bulk material explains the extended infrared absorption of crystalline perovskite solar cells, the low-energy bands which carry optically driven spin-polarized currents, and the narrow bandwidth of crystalline perovskite photodetectors making use of the spectral filtering at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schuster
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wientjes
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shreetu Shrestha
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ievgen Levchuk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Energy Campus Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Gebhard J Matt
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andres Osvet
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Batentschuk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Energy Campus Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg (HiErN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fauster
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Niesner
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Adnan M, Baumberg JJ, Vijaya Prakash G. Linear and nonlinear optical probing of various excitons in 2D inorganic-organic hybrid structures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2615. [PMID: 32054972 PMCID: PMC7018830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical properties, such as two-(or multi-) photon absorption (2PA), are of special interest for technologically important applications in fast optical switching, in vivo imaging and so on. Highly intense infrared ultrashort pulses probe deep into samples and reveal several underlying structural perturbations (inter-layer distortions, intra-layer crumpling) and also provide information about new excited states and their relaxation. Naturally self-assembled inorganic-organic multiple quantum wells (IO-MQWs) show utility from room-temperature exciton emission features (binding energies ~200–250 meV). These Mott type excitons are highly sensitive to the self-assembly process, inorganic network distortions, thickness and inter-layer distortions of these soft two-dimensional (2D) and weak van der Waal layered hybrids. We demonstrate strong room-temperature nonlinear excitation intensity dependent two-photon absorption induced exciton photoluminescence (2PA-PL) from these IO-MQWs, excited by infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Strongly confined excitons show distinctly different one- and two-photon excited photoluminescence energies: from free-excitons (2.41 eV) coupled to the perfectly aligned MQWs and from energy down-shifted excitons (2.33 eV) that originate from the locally crumpled layered architecture. High intensity femtosecond induced PL from one-photon absorption (1PA-PL) suggests saturation of absorption and exciton-exciton annihilation, with typical reduction in PL radiative relaxation times from 270 ps to 190 ps upon increasing excitation intensities. From a wide range of IR excitation tuning, the origin of 2PA-PL excitation is suggested to arise from exciton dark states which extend below the bandgap. Observed two-photon absorption coefficients (β ~75 cm/GW) and two-photon excitation cross-sections (η2σ2 ~ 110GM), further support the evidence for 2PA excitation origin. Both 1PA- and 2PA-PL spatial mappings over large areas of single crystal platelets demonstrate the co-existence of both free and deep-level crumpled excitons with some traces of defect-induced trap state emission. We conclude that the two-photon absorption induced PL is highly sensitive to the self-assembly process of few to many mono layers, the crystal packing and deep level defects. This study paves a way to tailor the nonlinear properties of many 2D material classes. Our results thus open new avenues for exploring fundamental phenomena and novel optoelectronic applications using layered inorganic-organic and other metal organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adnan
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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18
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Oksenberg E, Merdasa A, Houben L, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Rothman A, Scheblykin IG, Unger EL, Joselevich E. Large lattice distortions and size-dependent bandgap modulation in epitaxial halide perovskite nanowires. Nat Commun 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 31980620 PMCID: PMC6981217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have been shown to be remarkable and promising optoelectronic materials. However, despite ongoing research from multiple perspectives, some fundamental questions regarding their optoelectronic properties remain controversial. One reason is the high-variance of data collected from, often unstable, polycrystalline thin films. Here we use ordered arrays of stable, single-crystal cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanowires grown by surface-guided chemical vapor deposition to study fundamental properties of these semiconductors in a one-dimensional model system. Specifically, we uncover the origin of an unusually large size-dependent luminescence emission spectral blue-shift. Using multiple spatially resolved spectroscopy techniques, we establish that bandgap modulation causes the emission shift, and by correlation with state-of-the-art electron microscopy methods, we reveal its origin in substantial and uniform lattice rotations due to heteroepitaxial strain and lattice relaxation. Understanding strain and its effect on the optoelectronic properties of these dynamic materials, from the atomic scale up, is essential to evaluate their performance limits and fundamentals of charge carrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Oksenberg
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Albert Einstein Straße 16, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Lothar Houben
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Amnon Rothman
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, , Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Eva L Unger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Albert Einstein Straße 16, Berlin, 12489, Germany.,Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, , Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Joselevich
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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19
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Bhagyalakshmi SB, Ghimire S, Takahashi K, Yuyama K, Takano Y, Nakamura T, Biju V. Nonradiative Energy Transfer through Distributed Bands in Piezochemically Synthesized Cesium and Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskites. Chemistry 2020; 26:2133-2137. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushant Ghimire
- Research Institute for Electronic Science and Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Kiyonari Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science and Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Yuyama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science and Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- Research Institute for Electronic Science and Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science and Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research Institute for Electronic Science and Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
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20
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Stavrakas C, Delport G, Zhumekenov AA, Anaya M, Chahbazian R, Bakr OM, Barnard ES, Stranks SD. Visualizing Buried Local Carrier Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Crystals via Two-Photon Microscopy. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2020; 5:117-123. [PMID: 32055687 PMCID: PMC7009023 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have shown great potential for light emission and photovoltaic applications due to their remarkable electronic properties. Although the device performances are promising, they are still limited by microscale heterogeneities in their photophysical properties. Here, we study the impact of these heterogeneities on the diffusion of charge carriers, which are processes crucial for efficient collection of charges in light-harvesting devices. A photoluminescence tomography technique is developed in a confocal microscope using one- and two-photon excitation to distinguish between local surface and bulk diffusion of charge carriers in methylammonium lead bromide single crystals. We observe a large dispersion of local diffusion coefficients with values between 0.3 and 2 cm2·s-1 depending on the trap density and the morphological environment-a distribution that would be missed from analogous macroscopic or surface measurements. This work reveals a new framework to understand diffusion pathways, which are extremely sensitive to local properties and buried defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Stavrakas
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ayan A. Zhumekenov
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemonde Chahbazian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward S. Barnard
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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21
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Muscarella L, Hutter EM, Sanchez S, Dieleman CD, Savenije TJ, Hagfeldt A, Saliba M, Ehrler B. Crystal Orientation and Grain Size: Do They Determine Optoelectronic Properties of MAPbI 3 Perovskite? J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6010-6018. [PMID: 31542932 PMCID: PMC6801854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing large, oriented grains of perovskite often leads to efficient devices, but it is unclear if properties of the grains are responsible for the efficiency. Domains observed in SEM are commonly misidentified with crystallographic grains, but SEM images do not provide diffraction information. We study methylammoinium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films fabricated via flash infrared annealing (FIRA) and the conventional antisolvent (AS) method by measuring grain size and orientation using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and studying how these affect optoelectronic properties such as local photoluminescence (PL), charge carrier lifetimes, and mobilities. We observe a local enhancement and shift of the PL emission at different regions of the FIRA clusters, but we observe no effect of crystal orientation on the optoelectronic properties. Additionally, despite substantial differences in grain size between the two systems, we find similar optoelectronic properties. These findings show that optoelectronic quality is not necessarily related to the orientation and size of crystalline domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta
A. Muscarella
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Sanchez
- Laboratory
of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian D. Dieleman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory
of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute
of Materials Science Technical, University
of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse
2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- IEK-5
Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Bi C, Wang S, Kershaw SV, Zheng K, Pullerits T, Gaponenko S, Tian J, Rogach AL. Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets into Cuboid Crystals with High Intensity Blue Emission. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900462. [PMID: 31380191 PMCID: PMC6662087 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals have gained significant attention as a promising material for both fundamental and applied research due to their excellent emission properties. However, reported photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) of blue-emitting perovskite nanocrystals are rather low, mostly due to the fact that the high energy excitons for such wide bandgap materials are easily captured by interband traps, and then decay nonradiatively. In this work, it is demonstrated how to tackle this issue, performing self-assembly of 2D perovskite nanoplatelets into larger size (≈50 nm × 50 nm × 20 nm) cuboid crystals. In these structures, 2D nanoplatelets being isolated from each other within the cuboidal scaffold by organic ligands constitute multiple quantum wells, where exciton localization on potential disorder sites helps them to bypass nonradiative channels present in other platelets. As a result, the cuboid crystals show an extremely high PL QY of 91% of the emission band centered at 480 nm. Moreover, using the same synthetic method, mixed-anion CsPb(Br/Cl)3 cuboid crystals with blue emission peaks ranging from 452 to 470 nm, and still high PL QYs in the range of 72-83% are produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Bi
- Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyBeijing100083China
| | - Shixun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyBeijing100083China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP)City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Stephen V. Kershaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP)City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityP. O. Box 12422100LundSweden
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityP. O. Box 12422100LundSweden
| | - Sergey Gaponenko
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of PhysicsNational Academy of Sciences of Belarus68 Nezaležnasci Ave.,220072MinskBelarus
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyBeijing100083China
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP)City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong S.A.R.
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23
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Ghosh J, Ghosh R, Giri PK. Strong Cathodoluminescence and Fast Photoresponse from Embedded CH 3NH 3PbBr 3 Nanoparticles Exhibiting High Ambient Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14917-14931. [PMID: 30924637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the strong cathodoluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL), and photoresponse characteristics of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a mesoporous nanowire (NW) template. Our study revealed a direct correlation between the CL and PL emissions from the perovskite NPs (Per NPs), for the first time. Per NPs are fabricated by a simple spin-coating of a perovskite precursor on the surface of metal-assisted chemically etched mesoporous Si NW arrays. The Per NPs confined in the mesopores show blue-shifted and enhanced CL emission as compared to the bare perovskite film, while the PL intensity of Per NPs is dramatically high compared to that of their bulk counterpart. A systematic analysis of the CL/PL spectra reveals that the quantum confinement effect and ultralow defects in Per NPs are mainly responsible for the enhanced CL and PL emissions. Low-temperature PL and time-resolved PL analysis confirm the high exciton binding energy and radiative recombination in Per NPs. The room temperature PL quantum yield of the Per NP film on the NW template was found to be 40.5%, while that of Per film was 2.8%. The Per NPs show improved ambient air stability than the bare film due to the protection provided by the dense NW array, since a dense NW array can slow down the lateral diffusion of oxygen and water molecules in Per NPs. Interestingly, the Si NW/Per NP junction shows superior visible light photodetection and the prototype photodetector shows a high responsivity (0.223 A/W) with response speeds of 0.32 and 0.28 s of growth and decay in photocurrent, respectively, at 2 V applied bias, which is significantly better than the reported photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbBr3 nanostructures. This work demonstrates a low-cost fabrication of CH3NH3PbBr3 NPs on a novel porous NW template, which shows excellent photophysical and optoelectronic properties with superior ambient stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151747 , Republic of Korea
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24
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Quantitative optical assessment of photonic and electronic properties in halide perovskite. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1586. [PMID: 30962450 PMCID: PMC6453959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high efficiency solar cells relies on the management of electronic and optical properties that need to be accurately measured. As the conversion efficiencies increase, there is a concomitant electronic and photonic contribution that affects the overall performances. Here we show an optical method to quantify several transport properties of semiconducting materials and the use of multidimensional imaging techniques allows decoupling and quantifying the electronic and photonic contributions. Example of application is shown on halide perovskite thin film for which a large range of transport properties is given in the literature. We therefore optically measure pure carrier diffusion properties and evidence the contribution of optical effects such as the photon recycling as well as the photon propagation where emitted light is laterally transported without being reabsorbed. This latter effect has to be considered to avoid overestimated transport properties such as carrier mobility, diffusion length or diffusion coefficient.
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25
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Karimata I, Ohta K, Kobori Y, Tachikawa T. Several Orders of Magnitude Difference in Charge-Transfer Kinetics Induced by Localized Trapped Charges on Mixed-Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37057-37066. [PMID: 30277063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Partial halide substitution in organolead halide perovskites MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3+, X = Cl-, Br-, or I-) leads to semiconductor heterostructures with precisely tuned band-gap energies, which facilitates efficient charge extraction or separation for high-performance solar cells and optoelectronic devices. In this study, partially iodide-substituted MAPbBr3 perovskites were prepared through a halide-exchange reaction in the liquid phase, and in situ space- and time-resolved photoluminescence profiles were acquired by means of confocal microscopy. The rates of charge transfer from the bulk MAPbBr3 to the surface MAPbBr3- xI x domains, which are widely distributed over a single crystal, were found to greatly depend on the excitation-power density. In particular, an abnormally slow charge-transfer process, lasting a few nanoseconds, was observed at higher excitation density. To explain the dependence of this rate on the excitation density, and its correlation with the charge-trapping rate in the bulk MAPbBr3, we propose a plausible mechanism in which trap filling associated with surface-trapped holes induces band bending within the space charge region. This band bending modulates carrier dynamics near the surface, thereby leading to efficient charge extraction from the bulk. To validate the mechanism, the carrier dynamics was numerically simulated using a diffusion model that includes the effect of the localized electric field. Our findings provide significantly deeper insight into the carrier dynamics within heterostructured perovskites with nanoscale heterogeneities, and a robust route for manipulating the photogenerated charges in various types of perovskite devices.
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26
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García-Aboal R, Fenollosa R, Ramiro-Manzano F, Rodríguez I, Meseguer F, Atienzar P. Single Crystal Growth of Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites Using a Spin-Coating Method. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5229-5236. [PMID: 31458736 PMCID: PMC6641975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and studies of single crystals of hybrid perovskite are important for achieving a better understanding of the optoelectronic phenomena occurring in this material and for improving ongoing applications. Here, we report on the growth of micrometer-size single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) using the spin coating deposition method on a quartz substrate. We studied the influence of the rotation speed and the use of three different additives N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 4-tert-butylpyridine on the crystal size and shape. The introduction of an additive in the precursor solution is revealed to be very useful for obtaining crystals with well-defined geometries and for decreasing the amount of defects. In this way, high-quality single crystals that sustain optical resonating modes were obtained and characterized by transmittance and photoluminescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Aboal
- Instituto Universitario de
Tecnologia Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Roberto Fenollosa
- Instituto Universitario de
Tecnologia Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramiro-Manzano
- Instituto Universitario de
Tecnologia Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Isabelle Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de
Tecnologia Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Francisco Meseguer
- Instituto Universitario de
Tecnologia Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Pedro Atienzar
- Instituto Universitario de
Tecnologia Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, Valencia 46022, Spain
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27
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Ni L, Huynh U, Cheminal A, Thomas TH, Shivanna R, Hinrichsen TF, Ahmad S, Sadhanala A, Rao A. Real-Time Observation of Exciton-Phonon Coupling Dynamics in Self-Assembled Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Wells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10834-10843. [PMID: 29064668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled hybrid perovskite quantum wells have attracted attention due to their tunable emission properties, ease of fabrication, and device integration. However, the dynamics of excitons in these materials, especially how they couple to phonons, remains an open question. Here, we investigate two widely used materials, namely, butylammonium lead iodide (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2PbI4 and hexylammonium lead iodide (CH3(CH2)5NH3)2PbI4, both of which exhibit broad photoluminescence tails at room temperature. We performed femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy to obtain a real-time picture of the exciton-phonon interaction and directly identified the vibrational modes that couple to excitons. We show that the choice of the organic cation controls which vibrational modes the exciton couples to. In butylammonium lead iodide, excitons dominantly couple to a 100 cm-1 phonon mode, whereas in hexylammonium lead iodide, excitons interact with phonons with frequencies of 88 and 137 cm-1. Using the determined optical phonon energies, we analyzed photoluminescence broadening mechanisms. At low temperatures (<100 K), the broadening is due to acoustic phonon scattering, whereas at high temperatures, LO phonon-exciton coupling is the dominant mechanism. Our results help explain the broad photoluminescence line shape observed in hybrid perovskite quantum wells and provide insights into the mechanism of exciton-phonon coupling in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Ni
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Uyen Huynh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Cheminal
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tudor H Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ture F Hinrichsen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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28
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Guo D, Bartesaghi D, Wei H, Hutter EM, Huang J, Savenije TJ. Photoluminescence from Radiative Surface States and Excitons in Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4258-4263. [PMID: 28832152 PMCID: PMC5592651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In view of its band gap of 2.2 eV and its stability, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) is a possible candidate to serve as a light absorber in a subcell of a multijunction solar cell. Using complementary temperature-dependent time-resolved microwave conductance (TRMC) and photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, we demonstrate that the exciton yield increases with lower temperature at the expense of the charge carrier generation yield. The low-energy emission at around 580 nm in the cubic phase and the second broad emission peak at 622 nm in the orthorhombic phase originate from radiative recombination of charges trapped in defects with mobile countercharges. We present a kinetic model describing both the decay in conductance as well as the slow ingrowth of the TRPL. Knowledge of defect states at the surface of various crystal phases is of interest to reach higher open-circuit voltages in MAPbBr3-based cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyang Guo
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Bartesaghi
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Haotong Wei
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, United States
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, United States
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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