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MacCulloch K, Browning A, Bedoya DOG, McBride SJ, Abdulmojeed MB, Dedesma C, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Yen YF, TomHon P, Theis T. Facile hyperpolarization chemistry for molecular imaging and metabolic tracking of [1- 13C]pyruvate in vivo. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2023; 16-17:100129. [PMID: 38090022 PMCID: PMC10715622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization chemistry based on reversible exchange of parahydrogen, also known as Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), is a particularly simple approach to attain high levels of nuclear spin hyperpolarization, which can enhance NMR and MRI signals by many orders of magnitude. SABRE has received significant attention in the scientific community since its inception because of its relative experimental simplicity and its broad applicability to a wide range of molecules, however in vivo detection of molecular probes hyperpolarized by SABRE has remained elusive. Here we describe a first demonstration of SABRE-hyperpolarized contrast detected in vivo, specifically using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Biocompatible formulations of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in, both, methanol-water mixtures, and ethanol-water mixtures followed by dilution with saline and catalyst filtration were prepared and injected into healthy Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats. Effective hyperpolarization-catalyst removal was performed with silica filters without major losses in hyperpolarization. Metabolic conversion of pyruvate to lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate was detected in vivo. Pyruvate-hydrate was also observed as minor byproduct. Measurements were performed on the liver and kidney at 4.7 T via time-resolved spectroscopy and chemical-shift-resolved MRI. In addition, whole-body metabolic measurements were obtained using a cryogen-free 1.5 T MRI system, illustrating the utility of combining lower-cost MRI systems with simple, low-cost hyperpolarization chemistry to develop safe, and scalable molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - David O. Guarin Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. McBride
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | | | - Carlos Dedesma
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Vaneeckhaute E, Tyburn J, Kempf JG, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Reversible Parahydrogen Induced Hyperpolarization of 15 N in Unmodified Amino Acids Unraveled at High Magnetic Field. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207112. [PMID: 37211713 PMCID: PMC10427394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and ammonia are metabolic markers essential for nitrogen metabolism and cell regulation in both plants and humans. NMR provides interesting opportunities to investigate these metabolic pathways, yet lacks sensitivity, especially in case of 15 N. In this study, spin order embedded in p-H2 is used to produce on-demand reversible hyperpolarization in 15 N of pristine alanine and ammonia under ambient protic conditions directly in the NMR spectrometer. This is made possible by designing a mixed-ligand Ir-catalyst, selectively ligating the amino group of AA by exploiting ammonia as a strongly competitive co-ligand and preventing deactivation of Ir by bidentate ligation of AA. The stereoisomerism of the catalyst complexes is determined by hydride fingerprinting using 1 H/D scrambling of the associated N-functional groups on the catalyst (i.e., isotopological fingerprinting), and unravelled by 2D-ZQ-NMR. Monitoring the transfer of spin order from p-H2 to 15 N nuclei of ligated and free alanine and ammonia targets using SABRE-INEPT with variable exchange delays pinpoints the monodentate elucidated catalyst complexes to be most SABRE active. Also RF-spin locking (SABRE-SLIC) enables transfer of hyperpolarization to 15 N. The presented high-field approach can be a valuable alternative to SABRE-SHEATH techniques since the obtained catalytic insights (stereochemistry and kinetics) will remain valid at ultra-low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Univ LyonCNRS, ENS LyonUCBLUniversité de LyonCRMN UMR 5280Villeurbanne69100France
| | - Jean‐Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin34 Rue de l'Industrie BP 10002Wissembourg Cedex67166France
| | | | - Johan A. Martens
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY – Centre for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)Notkestraße 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
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3
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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4
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Abstract
Hyperpolarized MRI is emerging as a next-generation molecular imaging modality that can detect metabolic transformations in real time deep inside tissue and organs. 13C-hyperpolarized pyruvate is the leading hyperpolarized contrast agent that can probe cellular energetics in real time. Currently, hyperpolarized MRI requires specialized "multinuclear" MRI scanners that have the ability to excite and detect 13C signals. The objective of this work is the development of an approach that works on conventional (i.e., proton-only) MRI systems while taking advantage of long-lived 13C hyperpolarization. The long-lived singlet state of [1,2-13C2]pyruvate is hyperpolarized with parahydrogen in reversible exchange, and subsequently, the polarization is transferred from the 13C2 spin pair to the methyl protons of pyruvate for detection. This polarization transfer is accomplished with spin-lock induced crossing pulses that are only applied to the methyl protons yet access the hyperpolarization stored in the 13C2 singlet state. Theory and first experimental demonstrations are provided for our method, which obviates 13C excitation and detection for proton sensing of 13C-hyperpolarized pyruvate with an overall experimental-polarization transfer efficiency of ∼22% versus a theoretically predicted polarization transfer efficiency of 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Mandzhieva
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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5
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Trepakova AI, Skovpin IV, Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Chekmenev EY, Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Koptyug IV. Subsecond Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-15 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facilitated by Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10253-10260. [PMID: 36301252 PMCID: PMC9983028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides unique information about the internal structure and function of living organisms in a non-invasive way. The use of conventional proton MRI for the observation of real-time metabolism is hampered by the dominant signals of water and fat, which are abundant in living organisms. Heteronuclear MRI in conjunction with the hyperpolarization methods does not encounter this issue. In this work, we polarized 15N nuclei of [15N1]fampridine (a drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis) to the level of 4% in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and 0.7% in MRI studies using spin-lock-induced crossing combined with signal amplification by reversible exchange. Consequently, three-dimensional 15N MRI of the hyperpolarized 15N-labeled drug was acquired in 0.1 s with a signal-to-noise ratio of 70. In addition, the NMR signal enhancements for 15N-enriched fampridine and fampridine with a natural abundance of 15N nuclei were compared and an explanation for their difference was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Trepakova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 10 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität Kiel, 14 Am Botanischen Garten, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität Kiel, 14 Am Botanischen Garten, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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6
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Adelabu I, Ettedgui J, Joshi SM, Nantogma S, Chowdhury MRH, McBride S, Theis T, Sabbasani VR, Chandrasekhar M, Sail D, Yamamoto K, Swenson RE, Krishna MC, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Rapid 13C Hyperpolarization of the TCA Cycle Intermediate α-Ketoglutarate via SABRE-SHEATH. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13422-13431. [PMID: 36136056 PMCID: PMC9907724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate is a key biomolecule involved in a number of metabolic pathways─most notably the TCA cycle. Abnormal α-ketoglutarate metabolism has also been linked with cancer. Here, isotopic labeling was employed to synthesize [1-13C,5-12C,D4]α-ketoglutarate with the future goal of utilizing its [1-13C]-hyperpolarized state for real-time metabolic imaging of α-ketoglutarate analytes and its downstream metabolites in vivo. The signal amplification by reversible exchange in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) hyperpolarization technique was used to create 9.7% [1-13C] polarization in 1 minute in this isotopologue. The efficient 13C hyperpolarization, which utilizes parahydrogen as the source of nuclear spin order, is also supported by favorable relaxation dynamics at 0.4 μT field (the optimal polarization transfer field): the exponential 13C polarization buildup constant Tb is 11.0 ± 0.4 s whereas the 13C polarization decay constant T1 is 18.5 ± 0.7 s. An even higher 13C polarization value of 17.3% was achieved using natural-abundance α-ketoglutarate disodium salt, with overall similar relaxation dynamics at 0.4 μT field, indicating that substrate deuteration leads only to a slight increase (∼1.2-fold) in the relaxation rates for 13C nuclei separated by three chemical bonds. Instead, the gain in polarization (natural abundance versus [1-13C]-labeled) is rationalized through the smaller heat capacity of the "spin bath" comprising available 13C spins that must be hyperpolarized by the same number of parahydrogen present in each sample, in line with previous 15N SABRE-SHEATH studies. Remarkably, the C-2 carbon was not hyperpolarized in both α-ketoglutarate isotopologues studied; this observation is in sharp contrast with previously reported SABRE-SHEATH pyruvate studies, indicating that the catalyst-binding dynamics of C-2 in α-ketoglutarate differ from that in pyruvate. We also demonstrate that 13C spectroscopic characterization of α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate analytes can be performed at natural 13C abundance with an estimated detection limit of 80 micromolar concentration × *%P13C. All in all, the fundamental studies reported here enable a wide range of research communities with a new hyperpolarized contrast agent potentially useful for metabolic imaging of brain function, cancer, and other metabolically challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sameer M. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Md Raduanul H. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Stephen McBride
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Venkata R. Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mushti Chandrasekhar
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Deepak Sail
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 31 Center Drive Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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7
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Tickner BJ, Zhivonitko VV. Advancing homogeneous catalysis for parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarisation and its NMR applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4670-4696. [PMID: 35655870 PMCID: PMC9067625 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) is a nuclear spin hyperpolarisation technique employed to enhance NMR signals for a wide range of molecules. This is achieved by exploiting the chemical reactions of parahydrogen (para-H2), the spin-0 isomer of H2. These reactions break the molecular symmetry of para-H2 in a way that can produce dramatically enhanced NMR signals for reaction products, and are usually catalysed by a transition metal complex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in novel homogeneous catalysts that can produce hyperpolarised products upon reaction with para-H2. We also discuss hyperpolarisation attained in reversible reactions (termed signal amplification by reversible exchange, SABRE) and focus on catalyst developments in recent years that have allowed hyperpolarisation of a wider range of target molecules. In particular, recent examples of novel ruthenium catalysts for trans and geminal hydrogenation, metal-free catalysts, iridium sulfoxide-containing SABRE systems, and cobalt complexes for PHIP and SABRE are reviewed. Advances in this catalysis have expanded the types of molecules amenable to hyperpolarisation using PHIP and SABRE, and their applications in NMR reaction monitoring, mechanistic elucidation, biomedical imaging, and many other areas, are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
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8
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MacCulloch K, Tomhon P, Browning A, Akeroyd E, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Hyperpolarization of common antifungal agents with SABRE. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1225-1235. [PMID: 34121211 PMCID: PMC8595556 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a robust and inexpensive hyperpolarization (HP) technique to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals using parahydrogen (pH2 ). The substrate scope of SABRE is continually expanding. Here, we present the polarization of three antifungal drugs (voriconazole, clotrimazole, and fluconazole) and elicit the detailed HP mechanisms for 1 H and 15 N nuclei. In this exploratory work, 15 N polarization values of ~1% were achieved using 50% pH2 in solution of 3-mM catalyst and 60-mM substrate in perdeuterated methanol. All hyperpolarized 15 N sites exhibited long T1 in excess of 1 min at a clinically relevant field of 1 T. Hyperpolarizing common drugs is of interest due to their potential biomedical applications as MRI contrast agents or to enable studies on protein dynamics at physiological concentrations. We optimize the polarization with respect to temperature and the polarization transfer field (PTF) for 1 H nuclei in the millitesla regime and for 15 N nuclei in the microtesla regime, which provides detailed insights into exchange kinetics and spin evolution. This work broadens the SABRE substrate scope and provides mechanistic and kinetic insights into the HP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Tomhon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Evan Akeroyd
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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9
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Markelov DA, Kozinenko VP, Knecht S, Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Ivanov KL. Singlet to triplet conversion in molecular hydrogen and its role in parahydrogen induced polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20936-20944. [PMID: 34542122 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Detailed experimental and comprehensive theoretical analysis of singlet-triplet conversion in molecular hydrogen dissolved in a solution together with organometallic complexes used in experiments with parahydrogen (the H2 molecule in its nuclear singlet spin state) is reported. We demonstrate that this conversion, which gives rise to formation of orthohydrogen (the H2 molecule in its nuclear triplet spin state), is a remarkably efficient process that strongly reduces the resulting NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) signal enhancement, here of 15N nuclei polarized at high fields using suitable NMR pulse sequences. We make use of a simple improvement of traditional pulse sequences, utilizing a single pulse on the proton channel that gives rise to an additional strong increase of the signal. Furthermore, analysis of the enhancement as a function of the pulse length allows one to estimate the actual population of the spin states of H2. We are also able to demonstrate that the spin conversion process in H2 is strongly affected by the concentration of 15N nuclei. This observation allows us to explain the dependence of the 15N signal enhancement on the abundance of 15N isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil A Markelov
- International Tomography Center and Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation.
| | - Vitaly P Kozinenko
- International Tomography Center and Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center and Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center and Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation.
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10
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Chukanov NV, Shchepin RV, Joshi SM, Kabir MSH, Salnikov OG, Svyatova A, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Synthetic Approaches for 15 N-Labeled Hyperpolarized Heterocyclic Molecular Imaging Agents for 15 N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Chemistry 2021; 27:9727-9736. [PMID: 33856077 PMCID: PMC8273115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NMR hyperpolarization techniques enhance nuclear spin polarization by several orders of magnitude resulting in corresponding sensitivity gains. This enormous sensitivity gain enables new applications ranging from studies of small molecules by using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to real-time metabolic imaging in vivo. Several hyperpolarization techniques exist for hyperpolarization of a large repertoire of nuclear spins, although the 13 C and 15 N sites of biocompatible agents are the key targets due to their widespread use in biochemical pathways. Moreover, their long T1 allows hyperpolarized states to be retained for up to tens of minutes. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a low-cost and ultrafast hyperpolarization technique that has been shown to be versatile for the hyperpolarization of 15 N nuclei. Although large sensitivity gains are enabled by hyperpolarization, 15 N natural abundance is only ∼0.4 %, so isotopic labeling of the molecules to be hyperpolarized is required in order to take full advantage of the hyperpolarized state. Herein, we describe selected advances in the preparation of 15 N-labeled compounds with the primary emphasis on using these compounds for SABRE polarization in microtesla magnetic fields through spontaneous polarization transfer from parahydrogen. Also, these principles can certainly be applied for hyperpolarization of these emerging contrast agents using dynamic nuclear polarization and other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Sameer M Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospekt 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Rodin BA, Kozinenko VP, Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Eills J, Ivanov KL. Constant-adiabaticity pulse schemes for manipulating singlet order in 3-spin systems with weak magnetic non-equivalence. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 327:106978. [PMID: 33957556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a source of nuclear spin hyperpolarization, and this technique allows for the preparation of biomolecules for in vivo metabolic imaging. PHIP delivers hyperpolarization in the form of proton singlet order to a molecule, but most applications require that a heteronuclear (e.g. 13C or 15N) spin in the molecule is hyperpolarized. Here we present high field pulse methods to manipulate proton singlet order in the [1-13C]fumarate, and in particular to transfer the proton singlet order into 13C magnetization. We exploit adiabatic pulses, i.e., pulses with slowly ramped amplitude, and use constant-adiabaticity variants: the spin Hamiltonian is varied in such a way that the generalized adiabaticity parameter is time-independent. This allows for faster polarization transfer, and we achieve 96.2% transfer efficiency in thermal equilibrium experiments. We demonstrate this in experiments using hyperpolarization, and obtain 6.8% 13C polarization. This work paves the way for efficient hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in a variety of biomolecules, since the high-field pulse sequences allow individual spins to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan A Rodin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Vitaly P Kozinenko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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12
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Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Kabir MSH, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Synthesis and 15 N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange of [ 15 N]Dalfampridine at Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:960-967. [PMID: 33738893 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique enables nuclear spin hyperpolarization of wide range of compounds using parahydrogen. Here we present the synthetic approach to prepare 15 N-labeled [15 N]dalfampridine (4-amino[15 N]pyridine) utilized as a drug to reduce the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The synthesized compound was hyperpolarized using SABRE at microtesla magnetic fields (SABRE-SHEATH technique) with up to 2.0 % 15 N polarization. The 7-hour-long activation of SABRE pre-catalyst [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] in the presence of [15 N]dalfampridine can be remedied by the use of pyridine co-ligand for catalyst activation while retaining the 15 N polarization levels of [15 N]dalfampridine. The effects of experimental conditions such as polarization transfer magnetic field, temperature, concentration, parahydrogen flow rate and pressure on 15 N polarization levels of free and equatorial catalyst-bound [15 N]dalfampridine were investigated. Moreover, we studied 15 N polarization build-up and decay at magnetic field of less than 0.04 μT as well as 15 N polarization decay at the Earth's magnetic field and at 1.4 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Rodin B, Ivanov K. Representation of population exchange at level anti-crossings. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2020; 1:347-365. [PMID: 38111911 PMCID: PMC10726024 DOI: 10.5194/mr-1-347-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical framework is proposed to describe the spin dynamics driven by coherent spin mixing at level anti-crossings (LACs). We briefly introduce the LAC concept and propose to describe the spin dynamics using a vector of populations of the diabatic eigenstates. In this description, each LAC gives rise to a pairwise redistribution of eigenstate populations, allowing one to construct the total evolution operator of the spin system. Additionally, we take into account that in the course of spin evolution a "rotation" of the eigenstate basis case take place. The approach is illustrated by a number of examples, dealing with magnetic field inversion, cross-polarization, singlet-state nuclear magnetic resonance and parahydrogen-induced polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan A. Rodin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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14
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Tennant T, Hulme MC, Robertson TBR, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Benchtop NMR analysis of piperazine-based drugs hyperpolarised by SABRE. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1151-1159. [PMID: 31945193 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine-based drugs, such as N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), became attractive in the 2000s due to possessing effects similar to amphetamines. Herein, BZP, in addition to its pyridyl analogues, 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridylmethylpiperidine (2-PMP, 3-PMP, and 4-PMP respectively) was subjected to the hyperpolarisation technique Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) in order to demonstrate the use of this technique to detect these piperazine-based drugs. Although BZP was not hyperpolarised via SABRE, 2-PMP, 3-PMP, and 4-PMP were, with the ortho- and meta-pyridyl protons of 4-PMP showing the largest enhancement of 313-fold and 267-fold, respectively, in a 1.4-T detection field, following polarisation transfer at Earth's magnetic field. In addition to the freebase, 4-PMP.3HCl was also appraised by SABRE and was found not to polarise, however, the addition of increasing equivalents of triethylamine (TEA) produced the freebase, with a maximum enhancement observed upon the addition of 3 equivalents of TEA. Further addition of TEA led to a reduction in the observed enhancement. SABRE was also employed to polarise 4-PMP.3HCl (~20% w/w) in a simulated tablet to demonstrate the forensic application of the technique (138-fold enhancement for the ortho-pyridyl protons). The amount of 4-PMP.3HCl present in the simulated tablet was quantified via NMR using D2 O as a solvent and compared well to complimentary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data. Exchanging D2 O for CD3 OD as the solvent utilised for analysis resulted in a significantly lower amount of 4-PMP.3HCl being determined, thus highlighting safeguarding issues linked to drug abuse in relation to determining the amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tennant
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew C Hulme
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas B R Robertson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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15
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Birchall JR, Coffey AM, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. High-Pressure Clinical-Scale 87% Parahydrogen Generator. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15280-15284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Aaron M. Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
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16
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Knecht S, Barskiy DA, Buntkowsky G, Ivanov KL. Theoretical description of hyperpolarization formation in the SABRE-relay method. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164106. [PMID: 33138423 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) has become a widely used method for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins, thereby enhancing their Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals by orders of magnitude. In SABRE experiments, the non-equilibrium spin order is transferred from parahydrogen to a substrate in a transient organometallic complex. The applicability of SABRE is expanded by the methodology of SABRE-relay in which polarization can be relayed to a second substrate either by direct chemical exchange of hyperpolarized nuclei or by polarization transfer between two substrates in a second organometallic complex. To understand the mechanism of the polarization transfer and study the transfer efficiency, we propose a theoretical approach to SABRE-relay, which can treat both spin dynamics and chemical kinetics as well as the interplay between them. The approach is based on a set of equations for the spin density matrices of the spin systems involved (i.e., SABRE substrates and complexes), which can be solved numerically. Using this method, we perform a detailed study of polarization formation and analyze in detail the dependence of the attainable polarization level on various chemical kinetic and spin dynamic parameters. We foresee the applications of the present approach for optimizing SABRE-relay experiments with the ultimate goal of achieving maximal NMR signal enhancements for substrates of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- University of California at Berkeley, College of Chemistry and QB3, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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17
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Jeong HJ, Min S, Jeong K. Analysis of 1-aminoisoquinoline using the signal amplification by reversible exchange hyperpolarization technique. Analyst 2020; 145:6478-6484. [PMID: 32744263 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), a parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization technique, is valuable in detecting low concentrations of chemical compounds, which facilitates the understanding of their functions at the molecular level as well as their applicability in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SABRE of 1-aminoisoquinoline (1-AIQ) is significant because isoquinoline derivatives are the fundamental structures in compounds with notable biological activity and are basic organic building blocks. Through this study, we explain how SABRE is applied to hyperpolarize 1-AIQ for diverse solvent systems such as deuterated and non-deuterated solvents. We observed the amplification of individual protons of 1-AIQ at various magnetic fields. Further, we describe the polarization transfer mechanism of 1-AIQ compared to pyridine using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This hyperpolarization technique, including the polarization transfer mechanism investigation on 1-AIQ, will provide a firm basis for the future application of the hyperpolarization study on various bio-friendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea.
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea.
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18
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Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Fekete M, Duckett SB, Theis T, Joalland B, Chekmenev EY. Parawasserstoff‐induzierte Hyperpolarisation von Gasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8204 USA
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russland
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19
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Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Fekete M, Duckett SB, Theis T, Joalland B, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Induced Hyperpolarization of Gases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17788-17797. [PMID: 31972061 PMCID: PMC7453723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of gases is a major challenge for any modality including MRI. NMR and MRI signals are directly proportional to the nuclear spin density and the degree of alignment of nuclear spins with applied static magnetic field, which is called nuclear spin polarization. The level of nuclear spin polarization is typically very low, i.e., one hundred thousandth of the potential maximum at 1.5 T and a physiologically relevant temperature. As a result, MRI typically focusses on imaging highly concentrated tissue water. Hyperpolarization methods transiently increase nuclear spin polarizations up to unity, yielding corresponding gains in MRI signal level of several orders of magnitude that enable the 3D imaging of dilute biomolecules including gases. Parahydrogen-induced polarization is a fast, highly scalable, and low-cost hyperpolarization technique. The focus of this Minireview is to highlight selected advances in the field of parahydrogen-induced polarization for the production of hyperpolarized compounds, which can be potentially employed as inhalable contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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20
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Birchall JR, Kabir MSH, Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Svyatova A, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Goodson BM, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. Quantifying the effects of quadrupolar sinks via 15N relaxation dynamics in metronidazoles hyperpolarized via SABRE-SHEATH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9098-9101. [PMID: 32661534 PMCID: PMC7441520 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
15N spin-lattice relaxation dynamics in metronidazole-15N3 and metronidazole-15N2 isotopologues are studied for rational design of 15N-enriched biomolecules for signal amplification by reversible exchange in microtesla fields. 15N relaxation dynamics mapping reveals the deleterious effects of interactions with the polarization transfer catalyst and a quadrupolar 14N nucleus within the spin-relayed 15N-15N network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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21
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Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Tanner CPN, Warren WS. Infinite-order perturbative treatment for quantum evolution with exchange. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb6874. [PMID: 32821841 PMCID: PMC7413723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many important applications in biochemistry, materials science, and catalysis sit squarely at the interface between quantum and statistical mechanics: Coherent evolution is interrupted by discrete events, such as binding of a substrate or isomerization. Theoretical models for such dynamics usually truncate the incorporation of these events to the linear response limit, thus requiring small step sizes. Here, we completely reassess the foundations of chemical exchange models and redesign a master equation treatment for exchange accurate to infinite order in perturbation theory. The net result is an astonishingly simple correction to the traditional picture, which vastly improves convergence with no increased computational cost. We demonstrate that this approach accurately and efficiently extracts physical parameters from complex experimental data, such as coherent hyperpolarization dynamics in magnetic resonance, and is applicable to a wide range of other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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22
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Hadjiali S, Bergmann M, Kiryutin A, Knecht S, Sauer G, Plaumann M, Limbach HH, Plenio H, Buntkowsky G. The application of novel Ir-NHC polarization transfer complexes by SABRE. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244201. [PMID: 31893872 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the hyperpolarization method Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) has developed into a powerful technique to enhance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals of organic substrates in solution (mostly via binding to the nitrogen lone pair of N-heterocyclic compounds) by several orders of magnitude. In order to establish the application and development of SABRE as a hyperpolarization method for medical imaging, the separation of the Ir-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Ir-NHC) complex, which facilitates the hyperpolarization of the substrates in solution, is indispensable. Here, we report for the first time the use of novel Ir-NHC complexes with a polymer unit substitution in the backbone of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) for SABRE hyperpolarization, which permits the removal of the complexes from solution after the hyperpolarization of a target substrate has been generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjiali
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Marvin Bergmann
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3A, Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Grit Sauer
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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23
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Buckenmaier K, Scheffler K, Plaumann M, Fehling P, Bernarding J, Rudolph M, Back C, Koelle D, Kleiner R, Hövener J, Pravdivtsev AN. Multiple Quantum Coherences Hyperpolarized at Ultra-Low Fields. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2823-2829. [PMID: 31536665 PMCID: PMC6900040 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of hyperpolarization technologies enabled several yet exotic NMR applications at low and ultra-low fields (ULF), where without hyperpolarization even the detection of a signal from analytes is a challenge. Herein, we present a method for the simultaneous excitation and observation of homo- and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherences (from zero up to the third-order), which give an additional degree of freedom for ULF NMR experiments, where the chemical shift variation is negligible. The approach is based on heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy (COSY); its combination with a phase-cycling scheme allows the selective observation of multiple quantum coherences of different orders. The nonequilibrium spin state and multiple spin orders are generated by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and detected at ULF with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of TübingenHoppe-Seyler-Str. 372076TübingenGermany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University Building 02Leipziger Str. 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Paul Fehling
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University Building 02Leipziger Str. 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Christoph Back
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Dieter Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Reinhold Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
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24
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Lindale JR, Tanner CPN, Eriksson SL, Warren WS. Decoupled LIGHT-SABRE variants allow hyperpolarization of asymmetric SABRE systems at an arbitrary field. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 307:106577. [PMID: 31454701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange, or SABRE, uses the singlet-order of parahydrogen to generate hyperpolarized signals on target nuclei, bypassing the limitations of traditional magnetic resonance. Experiments performed directly in the magnet provide a route to generate large magnetizations continuously without having to field-cycle the sample. For heteronuclear SABRE, these high-field methods have been restricted to the few SABRE complexes that exhibit efficient exchange with symmetric ligand environments as co-ligands induce chemical shift differences between the parahydrogen-derived hydrides, destroying the hyperpolarized spin order. Through careful consideration of the underlying spin physics, we introduce 1H decoupled LIGHT-SABRE pulse sequence variants which bypasses this limitation, drastically expanding the scope of heteronuclear SABRE at high field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | | | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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25
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Barskiy DA, Knecht S, Yurkovskaya AV, Ivanov KL. SABRE: Chemical kinetics and spin dynamics of the formation of hyperpolarization. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 114-115:33-70. [PMID: 31779885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present the physical principles of the SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) method. SABRE is a promising hyperpolarization technique that enhances NMR signals by transferring spin order from parahydrogen (an isomer of the H2 molecule that is in a singlet nuclear spin state) to a substrate that is to be polarized. Spin order transfer takes place in a transient organometallic complex which binds both parahydrogen and substrate molecules; after dissociation of the SABRE complex, free hyperpolarized substrate molecules are accumulated in solution. An advantage of this method is that the substrate is not modified chemically, and its polarization can be regenerated multiple times by bubbling fresh parahydrogen through the solution. Thus, SABRE requires two key ingredients: (i) polarization transfer and (ii) chemical exchange of both parahydrogen and substrate. While there are several excellent reviews on applications of SABRE, the background of the method is discussed less frequently. In this review we aim to explain in detail how SABRE hyperpolarization is formed, focusing on key aspects of both spin dynamics and chemical kinetics, as well as on the interplay between them. Hence, we first cover the known spin order transfer methods applicable to SABRE - cross-relaxation, coherent spin mixing at avoided level crossings, and coherence transfer - and discuss their practical implementation for obtaining SABRE polarization in the most efficient way. Second, we introduce and explain the principle of SABRE hyperpolarization techniques that operate at ultralow (<1 μT), at low (1μT to 0.1 T) and at high (>0.1 T) magnetic fields. Finally, chemical aspects of SABRE are discussed in detail, including chemical systems that are amenable to SABRE and the exchange processes that are required for polarization formation. A theoretical treatment of the spin dynamics and their interplay with chemical kinetics is also presented. This review outlines known aspects of SABRE and provides guidelines for the design of new SABRE experiments, with the goal of solving practical problems of enhancing weak NMR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany; Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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26
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Skovpin IV, Svyatova A, Chukanov N, Chekmenev EY, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. 15 N Hyperpolarization of Dalfampridine at Natural Abundance for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chemistry 2019; 25:12694-12697. [PMID: 31338889 PMCID: PMC6790219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a promising method for NMR signal enhancement and production of hyperpolarized molecules. As nuclear spin relaxation times of heteronuclei are usually much longer than those of protons, SABRE-based hyperpolarization of heteronuclei in molecules is highly important in the context of biomedical applications. In this work, we demonstrate that the SLIC-SABRE technique can be successfully used to hyperpolarize 15 N nuclei in dalfampridine. The high polarization level of ca. 8 % achieved in this work made it possible to acquire 15 N MR images at natural abundance of the 15 N nuclei for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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27
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Ariyasingha NM, Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Clark GP, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. Quasi-Resonance Fluorine-19 Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4229-4236. [PMID: 31291106 PMCID: PMC6675627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on an extension of the quasi-resonance (QUASR) pulse sequence used for signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), showing that we may target distantly J-coupled 19F-spins. Polarization transfer from the parahydrogen-derived hydrides to the 19F nucleus is accomplished via weak five-bond J-couplings using a shaped QUASR radio frequency pulse at a 0.05 T magnetic field. The net result is the direct generation of hyperpolarized 19F z-magnetization, derived from the parahydrogen singlet order. An accumulation of 19F polarization on the free ligand is achieved with subsequent repetition of this pulse sequence. The hyperpolarized 19F signal exhibits clear dependence on the pulse length, irradiation frequency, and delay time in a manner similar to that reported for 15N QUASR-SABRE. Moreover, the hyperpolarized 19F signals of 3-19F-14N-pyridine and 3-19F-15N-pyridine isotopologues are similar, suggesting that (i) polarization transfer via QUASR-SABRE is irrespective of the nitrogen isotopologue and (ii) the presence or absence of the spin-1/2 15N nucleus has no impact on the efficiency of QUASR-SABRE polarization transfer. Although optimization of polarization transfer efficiency to 19F (P19F ≈ 0.1%) was not the goal of this study, we show that high-field SABRE can be efficient and broadly applicable for direct hyperpolarization of 19F spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Jacob R. Lindale
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Grayson P. Clark
- Duke Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Duke University Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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28
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Svyatova A, Skovpin IV, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Chekmenev EY, Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Koptyug IV. 15 N MRI of SLIC-SABRE Hyperpolarized 15 N-Labelled Pyridine and Nicotinamide. Chemistry 2019; 25:8465-8470. [PMID: 30950529 PMCID: PMC6679352 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized 15 N nuclei in biomolecules can potentially retain their spin alignment for tens of minutes, providing an extended time window for the utilization of the hyperpolarized compounds. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that radio-frequency-based SABRE hyperpolarization techniques can be used to obtain 15 N MRI of biomolecule 1-15 N-nicotinamide. Two image acquisition strategies were utilized and compared: Single Point Imaging (SPI) and Fast Low Angle SHot (FLASH). These methods demonstrated opportunities of high-field SABRE for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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29
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Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB. Simulating Non-linear Chemical and Physical (CAP) Dynamics of Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Chemistry 2019; 25:7659-7668. [PMID: 30689237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins by using parahydrogen (pH2 ) is a fascinating technique that allows spin polarization and thus the magnetic resonance signal to be increased by several orders of magnitude. Entirely new applications have become available. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a relatively new method that is based on the reversible exchange of a substrate, catalyst and parahydrogen. SABRE is particularly interesting for in vivo medical and industrial applications, such as fast and low-cost trace analysis or continuous signal enhancement. Ever since its discovery, many attempts have been made to model and understand SABRE, with various degrees of simplifications. In this work, we reduced the simplifications further, taking into account non-linear chemical and physical (CAP) dynamics of several multi-spin systems. A master equation was derived and realized using the MOIN open-source software. The effects of different parameters (exchange rates, concentrations, spin-spin couplings) on relaxation and the polarization level have been evaluated and the results provide interesting insights into the mechanism of SABRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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30
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Knecht S, Ivanov KL. Quantitative quantum mechanical approach to SABRE hyperpolarization at high magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5084129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin L. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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