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Xu Y, Huang L, Zhuang Y, Huang H. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by exosomes in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E709-E722. [PMID: 38416071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic complications represent a significant global health challenge. Central to this is the dysregulation of glucolipid metabolism, with a predominant focus on glucose metabolic dysfunction in the current research, whereas adipose metabolism impairment garners less attention. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and have the potential to be biomarkers, targets, and therapeutic tools for diverse diseases. In particular, EXs have been found to play a role in adipose metabolism by transporting cargoes such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), proteins, and other factors. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the role of EXs in mediating adipose metabolism disorders in obesity. It highlights their roles in adipogenesis (encompassing adipogenic differentiation and lipid synthesis), lipid catabolism, lipid transport, and white adipose browning. The insights provided by this review offer new avenues for developing exosome-based therapies to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Zhu J, Li J, Jiang Y, Sun J, Xu Y, Pan H, Zhou Y, Zhu J. Research advances of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:184. [PMID: 38598014 PMCID: PMC11006789 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell communication and affect various physiological and pathological processes in both parent and recipient cells. Currently, extensive research has focused on the EVs derived from cell cultures and various body fluids. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the EVs derived from tissues. Tissue EVs can reflect the microenvironment of the specific tissue and the cross-talk of communication among different cells, which can provide more accurate and comprehensive information for understanding the development and progression of diseases. METHODS We review the state-of-the-art technologies involved in the isolation and purification of tissue EVs. Then, the latest research progress of tissue EVs in the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development is presented. And finally, the application of tissue EVs in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer is anticipated. RESULTS We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various tissue processing and EVs isolation methods, and subsequently analyze the significance of protein characterization in determining the purity of tissue EVs. Furthermore, we focus on outlining the importance of EVs derived from tumor and adipose tissues in tumorigenesis and development, as well as their potential applications in early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. CONCLUSION When isolating and characterizing tissue EVs, the most appropriate protocol needs to be specified based on the characteristics of different tissues. Tissue EVs are valuable in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors, and the potential risks associated with tissue EVs need to be considered as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Jiang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuai Sun
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang C, Jiang T, Jiang G, Xu X, Yan C, Kang Y, Xiang X, Liu S, Nie P, Zhang M, Chen J, Yuan M, Xu Y, Yang X, Chen Z. White adipose tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles: A new potential therapeutic reagent for accelerating diabetic wound healing. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23314. [PMID: 37983660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301549r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have gained great attention and have been widely used in cell-free therapies for treating diabetic non-healing wounds in recent years. However, further clinical application of ADSC-sEVs have been limited due to their unsolvable defects, including cumbersome extraction procedure, high cost, low yield, etc. Thus, we urgently need to find one therapeutic reagent that could not only accelerate diabetic wound healing as ADSC-sEVs but also overcome these shortcomings. As the extraction process of adipose tissue-derived sEVs (AT-sEVs) is quite simple and labor saving, we put our focus on the efficiencies of white adipose tissue-derived sEVs (WAT-sEVs) and brown adipose tissue-derived sEVs (BAT-sEVs) in diabetic wound repair. After successfully isolating WAT-sEVs and BAT-sEVs by ultracentrifugation, we thoroughly characterized them and compared their diabetic wound healing capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. According to our study, AT-sEVs possess similar competence in diabetic wound healing as compared with ADSC-sEVs. While the effect of BAT-sEVs is not as stable as WAT-sEVs and ADSC-sEVs, the repair efficiency is also slightly lower than the other two sEVs in some cases. In summary, we are the first to discover that WAT-sEVs show great potential in diabetic wound repair. With advantages that are specific to tissue-derived sEVs (Ti-sEVs) such as time- and cost-saving, high-yield, and simple isolation procedure, we believe WAT-sEVs could serve as a novel reliable cell-free therapy for clinical diabetic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyong Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejiao Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuoyuan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengjuan Nie
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingpeng Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Dong T, Wang M. Lipidomic landscape of lipokines in adipose tissue derived extracellular vesicles. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1281244. [PMID: 38028559 PMCID: PMC10644713 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1281244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs-AT) are recognized as critical mediators of metabolic alterations in obesity-related diseases. However, few studies have focused on the role of lipids within EVs-AT in the development of obesity-related diseases. Methods: In this study, we performed a targeted lipidomic analysis to compare the lipidome of EVs secreted by inguinal white adipose tissue (EVs-iWAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (EVs-eWAT), and interscapular brown adipose tissue (EVs-BAT) in lean and obese mice. Results: We uncovered a comprehensive lipidomic map, revealing the diversity and specific lipid sorting in EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT, and EVs-BAT in obesity. Biological function analyses suggested that lipids encapsulated within EVs-AT of obese individuals might correlate with metabolism, pro-inflammatory response, and insulin resistance. These effects were particularly pronounced in EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that EVs-AT serves as novel carriers for lipokines, thereby mediating the biological functions of EVs-AT. This study holds promise for the identification of new biomarkers for obesity-related diseases and the development of new strategies to combat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Muyao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Wei S, Xing J, Lu K, Wang K, Yu W. NPM3 as a novel oncogenic factor and poor prognostic marker contributes to cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma. Hereditas 2023; 160:27. [PMID: 37254219 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the clinical benefit remains limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of NPM3 in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS We utilized bioinformatics tools and databases, including UALCAN, GEPIA2, HPA, and Sangerbox, to analyze NPM3 expression in LUAD samples and its association with prognosis and mutational landscape. NPM3 expression in various cell types was assessed at the single cell level using the TISCH database. We also used algorithms such as TIMER and EPIC to explore the crosstalk between NPM3 expression and immune features. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed to identify potential signaling pathways of NPM3. Finally, we employed siRNA knockdown strategy to investigate the effect of NPM3 on LUAD cell proliferation and migration in vitro. RESULTS NPM3 was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and was strongly associated with poor prognosis and TP53 gene mutations. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed that NPM3 was expressed in immune cells (dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, NPM3 expression was negatively associated with immune B cell and CD4 T cell infiltration, as well as with several immune-related genes (including CCL22, CXCR2, CX3CR1, CCR6, HLA-DOA, HLA-DQA2). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that NPM3 expression was associated with cell cycle, CAMs, and NSCLC pathway genes. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that NPM3 knockdown inhibited LUAD cell proliferation and migration in NCI-H1299 and SPC-A1 cells, and suppressed the expression of CCNA2 and MAD2L1. CONCLUSION Elevated NPM3 expression predicts poor clinical outcome and an immunosuppressive microenvironment in LUAD tissues. NPM3 promotes LUAD progression by promoting cell proliferation and migration, and targeting NPM3 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital), No.251, Baizhang Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital), No.251, Baizhang Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaining Lu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo First Hospital), No.59, Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital), No.251, Baizhang Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang C, Yang X, Jiang T, Yan C, Xu X, Chen Z. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Isolation, purification, and multiple roles in normal and tumor tissues. Life Sci 2023; 321:121624. [PMID: 37001806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from cells, and their lipid bilayer membrane encloses large amounts of bioactive molecules that endow EVs with intercellular or inter-tissue communicational abilities. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) are EVs directly separated from the interstitial space of tissue. They could better reflect the actual physiological or pathological state of the tissue microenvironment compared with cell line-derived EVs and biofluid EVs, indicating their potential roles in elucidating the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and guiding the diagnosis, therapeutic targeting, and cell-free treatment of diseases. However, there have been a relatively limited number of investigations of Ti-EVs. In this review, we have summarized general procedures for Ti-EVs isolation, as well as some caveats with respect to operations after the isolation step, such as purification and storage. In addition, we have also briefly concluded the current research trends on EVs from various normal and tumor tissues, aiming to cast new light on the future research direction of Ti-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Adipokines and Their Role in Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020422. [PMID: 36830957 PMCID: PMC9953604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lately arisen as new metabolic players in energy homeostasis participating in intercellular communication at the local and distant levels. These nanosized lipid bilayer spheres, carrying bioactive molecular cargo, have somehow changed the paradigm of biomedical research not only as a non-classic cell secretion mechanism, but as a rich source of biomarkers and as useful drug-delivery vehicles. Although the research about the role of EVs on metabolism and its deregulation on obesity and associated pathologies lagged slightly behind other diseases, the knowledge about their function under normal and pathological homeostasis is rapidly increasing. In this review, we are focusing on the current research regarding adipose tissue shed extracellular vesicles including their characterization, size profile, and molecular cargo content comprising miRNAs and membrane and intra-vesicular proteins. Finally, we will focus on the functional aspects attributed to vesicles secreted not only by adipocytes, but also by other cells comprising adipose tissue, describing the evidence to date on the deleterious effects of extracellular vesicles released by obese adipose tissue both locally and at the distant level by interacting with other peripheral organs and even at the central level.
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Delgadillo-Velázquez J, Mendivil-Alvarado H, Coronado-Alvarado CD, Astiazaran-Garcia H. Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Tissue Could Promote Metabolic Adaptation through PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111831. [PMID: 35681526 PMCID: PMC9180692 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by cells under physiological and pathological conditions, such as metabolic diseases. In this context, EVs are considered potential key mediators in the physiopathology of obesity. It has been reported that EVs derived from adipose tissue (ADEVs) contribute to the development of a local inflammatory response that leads to adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition, it has been proposed that EVs are associated with the onset and progression of several obesity-related metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. In particular, characterizing the molecular fingerprint of obesity-related ADEVs can provide a bigger picture that better reflects metabolic adaptation though PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Hence, in this review we describe the possible crosstalk communication of ADEVs with metabolically active organs and the intracellular response in the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Delgadillo-Velázquez
- Coordination of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (J.D.-V.); (H.M.-A.); (C.D.C.-A.)
| | - Herminia Mendivil-Alvarado
- Coordination of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (J.D.-V.); (H.M.-A.); (C.D.C.-A.)
| | - Carlos Daniel Coronado-Alvarado
- Coordination of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (J.D.-V.); (H.M.-A.); (C.D.C.-A.)
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
- Coordination of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (J.D.-V.); (H.M.-A.); (C.D.C.-A.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-662-1029-701
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Zhang Y, Yu M, Dong J, Wu Y, Tian W. Nucleophosmin3 carried by small extracellular vesicles contribute to white adipose tissue browning. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:165. [PMID: 35346213 PMCID: PMC8961928 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a particularly appealing target for therapeutics in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from adipose tissue (sEVs-AT) have emerged as novel player that regulate systemic metabolism by connecting different organs, the role of specific contents in sEVs-AT played in WAT browning has not been clarified. Results We revealed Nucleophosmin3 (NPM3), which was mainly transferred by sEVs derived from brown adipose tissue (sEVs-BAT), was served as a batokine that could induce WAT browning by regulating the stability of PRDM16 mRNA. sEVs-BAT enhanced the expressions of browning related genes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and WAT while knocking down of NPM3 in BAT impaired sEVs-BAT mediated WAT browning and weight loss in obesity. Conclusion These data provided new insight into the role of NPM3 in regulating the browning of WAT. Our study indicated that a supplement of sEVs-BAT might represent a promising therapeutic strategy to promote thermogenesis and energy expenditure in the future. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01381-1.
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He C, Dai M, Zhou X, Long J, Tian W, Yu M. Comparison of two cell-free therapeutics derived from adipose tissue: small extracellular vesicles versus conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:86. [PMID: 35241142 PMCID: PMC8895642 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free therapy has been inspired as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of traditional stem cell therapy. However, the therapeutic effect between extracellular vesicles and conditioned medium with the same source had not been compared. Our previous studies have shown that both the conditioned medium of adipose tissue (adipose tissue extract, ATE) and its further purification product small extracellular vesicles (sEV-AT) contributed to adipose tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to compare the ATE and sEV-AT in composition, inductivity on cells and de novo adipose regenerative potential. METHODS The characteristics of sEV-AT and ATE were compared through protein and particle yield, particle size distribution and composition. The inductivity of sEV-AT and ATE on cells were compared through co-culture of sEV-AT or ATE with ASC, HUVEC and RAW264.7 in vitro. The capacity of promoting de novo adipogenesis was compared by implanting the silicone tube containing sEV-AT or ATE subcutaneously in vivo. RESULTS More particles and concentrated particle size distribution were detected in sEV-AT. In turn, more soluble factors and multiple peaks in particle size distribution were detected in ATE. In 1662 common proteins of sEV-AT and ATE, there were 984 (59.2%) proteins enriched twice more in sEV-AT than in ATE. With the prerequisite of equivalent protein concentration, sEV-AT outperformed ATE in promoting proliferation, migration and regeneration potential of cells those contributing adipose tissue regeneration in vitro. Furthermore, sEV-AT expedited the de novo adipose tissue regeneration and angiogenesis at the early stage than ATE in vivo, but sEV-AT and ATE group formed similar neoadipose tissue and new vessels at week 12. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided a direct comparison between EV and conditioned medium as cell-free therapeutic strategy. Both sEV and ATE had specific biological signature to facilitate tissue repair. Considering the convenience of extraction and acceptable effect, ATE represented a feasible product of cell-free therapy, providing another option for different situations in clinical application. Furthermore, the complex contents of both sEV-AT and ATE should be studied comprehensively to avoid possible negative effects and to ensure sufficient safety for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Current understanding of the role of microRNAs from adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in obesity. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:447-457. [PMID: 34940800 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, including diabetes, insulin resistance, and inflammation, are rapidly becoming a global health concern. Moreover, obese individuals are more likely to be infected with COVID-19. New research on adipose tissue is required to help us understand these metabolic diseases and their regulatory processes. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as novel intercellular vectors with a wide range of regulatory functions. The miRNAs carried by EVs participate in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. In addition, EV miRNAs demonstrate great potential for helping elucidating the mechanism of metabolic diseases, and for advancing their prevention and treatment. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adipose differentiation and metabolic diseases by adipose-derived EV miRNAs. Understanding the role of these miRNAs should enrich our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases caused by obesity.
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Li SR, Man QW, Gao X, Lin H, Wang J, Su FC, Wang HQ, Bu LL, Liu B, Chen G. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancers and non-cancer diseases: Present and future. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12175. [PMID: 34918479 PMCID: PMC8678102 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid‐bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types. EVs act as messengers via the horizontal transfer of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and influence various pathophysiological processes in both parent and recipient cells. Compared to EVs obtained from body fluids or cell culture supernatants, EVs isolated directly from tissues possess a number of advantages, including tissue specificity, accurate reflection of tissue microenvironment, etc., thus, attention should be paid to tissue‐derived EVs (Ti‐EVs). Ti‐EVs are present in the interstitium of tissues and play pivotal roles in intercellular communication. Moreover, Ti‐EVs provide an excellent snapshot of interactions among various cell types with a common histological background. Thus, Ti‐EVs may be used to gain insights into the development and progression of diseases. To date, extensive investigations have focused on the role of body fluid‐derived EVs or cell culture‐derived EVs; however, the number of studies on Ti‐EVs remains insufficient. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in Ti‐EVs for cancers and non‐cancer diseases. We propose the future application of Ti‐EVs in basic research and clinical practice. Workflows for Ti‐EV isolation and characterization between cancers and non‐cancer diseases are reviewed and compared. Moreover, we discuss current issues associated with Ti‐EVs and provide potential directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Chuan Su
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Bravo-Guapisaca MI, Gavidia-Pazmiño JF, Intriago-Morales RV. Adipokines in dental pulp: physiological, pathological, and potential therapeutic roles. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:59-70. [PMID: 34808362 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions-regulating distant organs such as oral tissues-and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications. HIGHLIGHTS The most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation. CONCLUSION Adipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.
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Luo Y, Wu Y, Huang H, Yi N, Chen Y. Emerging role of BAD and DAD1 as potential targets and biomarkers in cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:811. [PMID: 34671425 PMCID: PMC8503815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As key regulators of apoptosis, BAD and defender against apoptotic cell death 1 (DAD1) are associated with cancer initiation and progression. Multiple studies have demonstrated that BAD and DAD1 serve critical roles in several types of cancer and perform various functions, such as participating in cellular apoptosis, invasion and chemosensitivity, as well as their role in diagnostic/prognostic judgement, etc. Investigating the detailed mechanisms of the cancerous effects of the two proteins will contribute to enriching the options for targeted therapy, and may improve clinical treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes research advances regarding the associations of BAD and DAD1 with cancer, and a hypothesis on the feasible relationship and interaction mechanism between the two proteins is proposed. Furthermore, the present review highlights the potential of the two proteins as therapeutic targets and valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Luo
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- Nursing College, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Liu H, Wang M. Bone-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7874-7886. [PMID: 33993498 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes constant remodeling throughout life. A failure of this process leads to pathological destructive bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Studies of the interplay between adipose tissue and bone system, have revealed that adipose tissue disorders (e.g. obesity) strongly influence the development of bone diseases. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue play important roles in the crosstalk between bone and adipose tissue. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a novel method of communication between different organs and have attracted increased attention in the field of bone remodeling process. Adipokines carried by EVs are known to play pivotal roles in bone remodeling processes including osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In this review, we highlighted the role of adipose tissue derived EVs (EVs-AT) in the context of bone remodeling events and focused on the characteristics of EVs-AT and their components in the regulation of bone diseases. Moreover, we introduced the intriguing therapeutic application of EVs-AT in different pathological destructive bone diseases and proposed future directions for research on EVs-AT in bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Muyao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Gómez-Serrano M, Ponath V, Preußer C, Pogge von Strandmann E. Beyond the Extracellular Vesicles: Technical Hurdles, Achieved Goals and Current Challenges When Working on Adipose Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073362. [PMID: 33805982 PMCID: PMC8036456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue and its crosstalk with other organs plays an essential role in the metabolic homeostasis of the entire body. Alteration of this communication (i.e., due to obesity) is related to the development of several comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer. Within the adipose depot, adipocytes are the main cell type and thus the main source of secreted molecules, which exert modulating effects not only at a local but also at a systemic level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators in cell–cell communication and account for part of the cellular secretome. In recent years, there has been a growing body of research on adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (Ad-EVs). However, there is still a lack of standardized methodological approaches, especially regarding primary adipocytes. In this review, we will provide an outline of crucial aspects when working on adipose-derived material, with a special focus on primary adipocytes. In parallel, we will point out current methodological challenges in the EV field and how they impact the transcriptomic, proteomic and functional evaluations of Ad-EVs.
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17
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Camino T, Lago-Baameiro N, Martis-Sueiro A, Couto I, Santos F, Baltar J, Pardo M. Deciphering Adipose Tissue Extracellular Vesicles Protein Cargo and Its Role in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9366. [PMID: 33316953 PMCID: PMC7764772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in metabolic disorders rising as an alternative way of paracrine/endocrine communication. In particular, in relation to adipose tissue (AT) secreted EVs, the current knowledge about its composition and function is still very limited. Nevertheless, those vesicles have been lately suggested as key players in AT communication at local level, and also with other metabolic peripheral and central organs participating in physiological homoeostasis, and also contributing to the metabolic deregulation related to obesity, diabetes, and associated comorbidities. The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant data around the EVs secreted by adipose tissue, and especially in the context of obesity, focusing in its protein cargo. The description of the most frequent proteins identified in EVs shed by AT and its components, including their changes under pathological status, will give the reader a whole picture about the membrane/antigens, and intracellular proteins known so far, in an attempt to elucidate functional roles, and also suggesting biomarkers and new paths of therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Camino
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.C.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Nerea Lago-Baameiro
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.C.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Aurelio Martis-Sueiro
- Grupo Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Couto
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Francisco Santos
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Baltar
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.S.); (J.B.)
| | - María Pardo
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.C.); (N.L.-B.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zhu XM, Li L, Cai YY, Wu XY, Shi HB, Liang S, Qu YM, Naqvi NI, Del Poeta M, Dong B, Lin FC, Liu XH. A VASt-domain protein regulates autophagy, membrane tension, and sterol homeostasis in rice blast fungus. Autophagy 2020; 17:2939-2961. [PMID: 33176558 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1848129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterols are a class of lipids critical for fundamental biological processes and membrane dynamics. These molecules are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are transported bi-directionally between the ER and plasma membrane (PM). However, the trafficking mechanism of sterols and their relationship with macroautophagy/autophagy are still poorly understood in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we identified the VAD1 Analog of StAR-related lipid transfer (VASt) domain-containing protein MoVast1 via co-immunoprecipitation in M. oryzae. Loss of MoVAST1 resulted in conidial defects, impaired appressorium development, and reduced pathogenicity. The MoTor (target of rapamycin in M. oryzae) activity is inhibited because MoVast1 deletion leads to high levels of sterol accumulation in the PM. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the 902 T site is essential for localization and function of MoVast1. Through filipin or Flipper-TR staining, autophagic flux detection, MoAtg8 lipidation, and drug sensitivity assays, we uncovered that MoVast1 acts as a novel autophagy inhibition factor that monitors tension in the PM by regulating the sterol content, which in turn modulates the activity of MoTor. Lipidomics and transcriptomics analyses further confirmed that MoVast1 is an important regulator of lipid metabolism and the autophagy pathway. Our results revealed and characterized a novel sterol transfer protein important for M. oryzae pathogenicity.Abbreviations: AmB: amphotericin B; ATMT: Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation; CM: complete medium; dpi: days post-inoculation; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; Flipper-TR: fluorescent lipid tension reporter; GO: Gene ontology; hpi: hours post-inoculation; IH: invasive hyphae; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; MoTor: target of rapamycin in Magnaporthe oryzae; PalmC: palmitoylcarnitine; PM: plasma membrane; SD-N: synthetic defined medium without amino acids and ammonium sulfate; TOR: target of rapamycin; VASt: VAD1 Analog of StAR-related lipid transfer; YFP, yellow fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhu
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Cai
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wu
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Bin Shi
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Min Qu
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Naweed I Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Bo Dong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- St Ate Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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