1
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Kehrein J, Sotriffer C. Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Rationalizing Polymer Bioconjugation Strategies: Challenges, Recent Developments, and Future Opportunities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:51-74. [PMID: 37466304 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The covalent modification of proteins with polymers is a well-established method for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutically valuable biologics. The conjugated polymer chains of the resulting hybrid represent highly flexible macromolecular structures. As the dynamics of such systems remain rather elusive for established experimental techniques from the field of protein structure elucidation, molecular dynamics simulations have proven as a valuable tool for studying such conjugates at an atomistic level, thereby complementing experimental studies. With a focus on new developments, this review aims to provide researchers from the polymer bioconjugation field with a concise and up to date overview of such approaches. After introducing basic principles of molecular dynamics simulations, as well as methods for and potential pitfalls in modeling bioconjugates, the review illustrates how these computational techniques have contributed to the understanding of bioconjugates and bioconjugation strategies in the recent past and how they may lead to a more rational design of novel bioconjugates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Kehrein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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2
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Abstract
Ischemia or hypoxia can lead to pathological changes in the metabolism and function of tissues and then lead to various diseases. Timely and effective blood resuscitation or improvement of hypoxia is very important for the treatment of diseases. However, there is a need to develop stable, nontoxic, and immunologically inert oxygen carriers due to limitations such as blood shortages, different blood types, and the risk of transmitting infections. With the development of various technologies, oxygen carriers based on hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon have been widely studied in recent years. This paper reviews the development and application of hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon oxygen carriers. The design of oxygen carriers was analyzed, and their application as blood substitutes or oxygen carriers in various hypoxic diseases was discussed. Finally, the characteristics and future research of ideal oxygen carriers were prospected to provide reference for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Deyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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3
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Deng B, Burns E, McNelles SA, Sun J, Ortega J, Adronov A. Molecular Sieving with PEGylated Dendron-Protein Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1467-1476. [PMID: 37499133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of generation 3-5 dendrons based on a bis(2,2-hydroxymethylpropionic acid) (bis-MPA) scaffold bearing three respective lengths of linear poly(ethylene glycol) at their periphery and a dibenzocyclooctyne unit at their core was prepared. These dendrons were appended to the surface of azide-decorated α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition to yield a library of dendron-protein conjugates. These conjugates were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy and were imaged using cryo-electron microscopy. The activity of the PEGylated α-CT-dendron conjugates was investigated using a small molecule (benzoyl-l-tyrosine p-nitroanilide) as well as different proteins of different sizes and crystallinities (casein and bovine serum albumin) as substrates. It was found that the activity of the conjugates toward the small molecule was largely retained, while the activity toward the proteins was significantly diminished. Furthermore, the results indicate that for most of the conjugates the PEG length had a more pronounced impact on enzyme activity than the dendron generation. Overall, the highest sieving ratios were found for α-CT-dendron conjugates decorated with G3-PEG2000, G4-PEG2000, and G5-PEG1000, with the latter two structures offering the best combination of sieving ratio and small molecule activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Evan Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Stuart A McNelles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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4
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Pham TTD, Jung SJ, Oh CM, Yang JK, Lee D, Kidanemariam A, Muhammad A, Kim S, Shin TJ, Park J, Hwang IW, Park J. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles: Photothermal and Photodynamic Capabilities According to Molecular Ordering in Their Assembly Structures. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thuy Duong Pham
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mok Oh
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Yang
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Alemayehu Kidanemariam
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Arbanah Muhammad
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wook Hwang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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5
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Pritzlaff A, Ferré G, Mulry E, Lin L, Pour NG, Savin DA, Harris M, Eddy MT. Atomic-Scale View of Protein-PEG Interactions that Redirect the Thermal Unfolding Pathway of PEGylated Human Galectin-3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203784. [PMID: 35922375 PMCID: PMC9529833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PEGylation is a promising approach to address the central challenge of applying biologics, i.e., lack of protein stability in the demanding environment of the human body. Wider application is hindered by lack of atomic level understanding of protein-PEG interactions, preventing design of conjugates with predicted properties. We deployed an integrative structural and biophysical approach to address this critical challenge with the PEGylated carbohydrate recognition domain of human galectin-3 (Gal3C), a lectin essential for cell adhesion and potential biologic. PEGylation dramatically increased Gal3C thermal stability, forming a stable intermediate and redirecting its unfolding pathway. Structural details revealed by NMR pointed to a potential role of PEG localization facilitated by charged residues. Replacing these residues subtly altered the protein-PEG interface and thermal unfolding behavior, providing insight into rationally designing conjugates while preserving PEGylation benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pritzlaff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Guillaume Ferré
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Mulry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Daniel A. Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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6
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Mao L, Russell AJ, Carmali S. Moving Protein PEGylation from an Art to a Data Science. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1643-1653. [PMID: 35994522 PMCID: PMC9501918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
PEGylation is a well-established and clinically proven
half-life
extension strategy for protein delivery. Protein modification with
amine-reactive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) generates heterogeneous
and complex bioconjugate mixtures, often composed of several PEG positional
isomers with varied therapeutic efficacy. Laborious and costly experiments
for reaction optimization and purification are needed to generate
a therapeutically useful PEG conjugate. Kinetic models which accurately
predict the outcome of so-called “random” PEGylation
reactions provide an opportunity to bypass extensive wet lab experimentation
and streamline the bioconjugation process. In this study, we propose
a protein tertiary structure-dependent reactivity model that describes
the rate of protein-amine PEGylation and introduces “PEG chain
coverage” as a tangible metric to assess the shielding effect
of PEG chains. This structure-dependent reactivity model was implemented
into three models (linear, structure-based, and machine-learned) to
gain insight into how protein-specific molecular descriptors (exposed
surface areas, pKa, and surface charge)
impacted amine reactivity at each site. Linear and machine-learned
models demonstrated over 75% prediction accuracy with butylcholinesterase.
Model validation with Somavert, PEGASYS, and phenylalanine ammonia
lyase showed good correlation between predicted and experimentally
determined degrees of modification. Our structure-dependent reactivity
model was also able to simulate PEGylation progress curves and estimate
“PEGmer” distribution with accurate predictions across
different proteins, PEG linker chemistry, and PEG molecular weights.
Moreover, in-depth analysis of these simulated reaction curves highlighted
possible PEG conformational transitions (from dumbbell to brush) on the surface of lysozyme, as a function
of PEG molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Sheiliza Carmali
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL United Kingdom
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7
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Pritzlaff A, Ferré G, Mulry E, Lin L, Pour NG, Eddy M, Savin DA, Harris M. Atomic‐Scale View of Protein–PEG Interactions that Redirect the Thermal Unfolding Pathway of PEGylated Human Galectin‐3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Mulry
- University of Florida Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ling Lin
- University of Florida Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Matthew Eddy
- University of Florida Chemistry 126 Sisler Hall 32611 Gainesville UNITED STATES
| | | | - Michael Harris
- University of Florida Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
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8
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Nyambura CW, Sampath J, Nance E, Pfaendtner J. Exploring structure and dynamics of the polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid–polyethylene glycol copolymer and its homopolymer constituents in various solvents using all‐atom molecular dynamics. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris W. Nyambura
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Janani Sampath
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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9
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Wang Z, Gao M, He C, Shi W, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Unraveling the Molar Mass Dependence of Shearing-Induced Aggregation Structure of a High-Mobility Polymer Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108255. [PMID: 34850998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-structure formation of conjugated polymers is a fundamental problem in the field of organic electronics and remains poorly understood. Herein, the molar mass dependence of the aggregation structure of a high-mobility conjugated copolymer (TDPP-Se) comprising thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and selenophene is thoroughly shown. Five batches of TDPP-Se are prepared with the number-average molecular weights (Mn ) varied greatly from 21 to 135 kg mol-1 . Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy are combined to probe the solution structure of these polymers, consistently using a deuterated solvent. All the polymers adopt 1D rod-like aggregation structures and the radius of the 1D rods is not sensitive to the Mn , while the length increases monotonically with Mn . By utilizing the ordered packing of the aggregated structure in solution, a highly aligned and ordered film is prepared and, thereafter, a reliable hole mobility of 13.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 is realized in organic thin-film transistors with the moderate Mn batch via bar coating. The hole mobility is among the highest values reported for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. This work paves the way to visualize the real aggregated structure of polymer semiconductors in solution and sheds light on the microstructure control of high-performance electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Weichao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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10
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Faggiano S, Ronda L, Bruno S, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C, Bettati S, Mozzarelli A. From hemoglobin allostery to hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 84:101050. [PMID: 34776270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) plays its vital role through structural and functional properties evolutionarily optimized to work within red blood cells, i.e., the tetrameric assembly, well-defined oxygen affinity, positive cooperativity, and heterotropic allosteric regulation by protons, chloride and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Outside red blood cells, the Hb tetramer dissociates into dimers, which exhibit high oxygen affinity and neither cooperativity nor allosteric regulation. They are prone to extravasate, thus scavenging endothelial NO and causing hypertension, and cause nephrotoxicity. In addition, they are more prone to autoxidation, generating radicals. The need to overcome the adverse effects associated with cell-free Hb has always been a major hurdle in the development of substitutes of allogeneic blood transfusions for all clinical situations where blood is unavailable or cannot be used due to, for example, religious objections. This class of therapeutics, indicated as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), is formed by genetically and/or chemically modified Hbs. Many efforts were devoted to the exploitation of the wealth of biochemical and biophysical information available on Hb structure, function, and dynamics to design safe HBOCs, overcoming the negative effects of free plasma Hb. Unfortunately, so far, no HBOC has been approved by FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use. However, the unmet clinical needs that triggered intensive investigations more than fifty years ago are still awaiting an answer. Recently, HBOCs "repositioning" has led to their successful application in organ perfusion fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ronda
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
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11
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Jiang Y, Ning L, Liu C, Sun Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yi Y, Qiu D, He C, Guo Y, Hu W, Liu Y. Alignment of linear polymeric grains for highly stable N-type thin-film transistors. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Schirò G, Fichou Y, Brogan APS, Sessions R, Lohstroh W, Zamponi M, Schneider GJ, Gallat FX, Paciaroni A, Tobias DJ, Perriman A, Weik M. Diffusivelike Motions in a Solvent-Free Protein-Polymer Hybrid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:088102. [PMID: 33709739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.088102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and hydration water stabilizes protein structure and promotes functional dynamics, with water translational motions enabling protein flexibility. Engineered solvent-free protein-polymer hybrids have been shown to preserve protein structure, function, and dynamics. Here, we used neutron scattering, protein and polymer perdeuteration, and molecular dynamics simulations to explore how a polymer dynamically replaces water. Even though relaxation rates and vibrational properties are strongly modified in polymer coated compared to hydrated proteins, liquidlike polymer dynamics appear to plasticize the conjugated protein in a qualitatively similar way as do hydration-water translational motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Schirò
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yann Fichou
- CNRS, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN) UMR 5348, Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alex P S Brogan
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Sessions
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michaela Zamponi
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Garching, Germany
| | - Gerald J Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - François-Xavier Gallat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Douglas J Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, CA 92697, USA
| | - Adam Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Weik
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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13
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Molecular simulation of zwitterionic polypeptides on protecting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:519-526. [PMID: 33539961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their anti-fouling properties, zwitterionic polypeptides demonstrate great advantage on protecting protein drugs. When conjugated to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a drug for type-II diabetes, zwitterionic polypeptides confer better pharmacokinetics than uncharged counterparts. However, its microscopic mechanism is still unclear due to the complicated conformational space. To address this challenge, this work explored the interaction modes of GLP-1 with the unconnected repeat units, instead of the full-length polypeptides. The three repeat units are two zwitterionic pentapeptides VPKEG and VPREG, and one uncharged control VPGAG. Our molecular simulations revealed that the helical conformation of GLP-1 was stabilized by adding 40 polypeptides. Both VPGAG and VPREG formed dense packing shells around GLP-1, but the driving forces were hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, respectively. In contrast, the packing shell composed of VPKEG was most loose, while could still stabilize GLP-1. The moderate electrostatic interactions endowed VPKEG an anti-fouling property, thereby avoiding non-specific interaction with other amino acids. The strong electrostatic interactions exerted by arginine promoted atomic contacts between VPREG and other residues, making it as "hydrophobic" as VPGAG. In summary, the combination of hydrophobic and moderate electrostatic interactions in VPKEG brings about a subtle balance between stabilizing GLP-1 and avoiding non-specific interaction.
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14
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Grünewald F, Kroon PC, Souza PCT, Marrink SJ. Protocol for Simulations of PEGylated Proteins with Martini 3. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2199:315-335. [PMID: 33125658 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0892-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of proteins by PEGylation is an active area of research. However, the interactions between polymer and protein are far from fully understood. To gain a better insight into these interactions or even make predictions, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be applied to study specific protein-polymer systems at molecular level detail. Here we present instructions on how to simulate PEGylated proteins using the latest iteration of the Martini coarse-grained (CG) force-field. CG MD simulations offer near atomistic information and at the same time allow to study complex biological systems over longer time and length scales than fully atomistic-level simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Grünewald
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Kroon
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo C T Souza
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Sherck N, Webber T, Brown DR, Keller T, Barry M, DeStefano A, Jiao S, Segalman RA, Fredrickson GH, Shell MS, Han S. End-to-End Distance Probability Distributions of Dilute Poly(ethylene oxide) in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19631-19641. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sherck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thomas Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dennis Robinson Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Timothy Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mikayla Barry
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Audra DeStefano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sally Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - M. Scott Shell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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16
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Russo D, Pelosi C, Wurm FR, Frick B, Ollivier J, Teixeira J. Insight into Protein-Polymer Conjugate Relaxation Dynamics: The Importance of Polymer Grafting. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900410. [PMID: 32285628 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The bio and chemical physics of protein-polymer conjugates are related to parameters that characterize each component. With this work, it is intended to feature the dynamical properties of the protein-polymer conjugate myoglobin (Mb)-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate), in the ps and ns time scales, in order to understand the respective roles of the protein and of the polymer size in the dynamics of the conjugate. Elastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering is performed on completely hydrogenated samples with variable number of polymer chains covalently attached to the protein. The role of the polymer length in the protein solvation and internal dynamics is investigated using two conjugates formed by polymers of different molecular weight. It is confirmed that the flexibility of the complex increases with the number of grafted polymer chains and that a sharp dynamical transition appears when either grafting density or polymer molecular weight are high. It is shown that protein size is crucial for the polymer structural organization and interaction on the protein surface and it is established that the glass properties of the polymer change upon conjugation. The results give a better insight of the equivalence of the polymer coating and the role of water on the surface of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche & Istituto Officina dei Materiali c/o Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, 38042, France.,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Chiara Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | | | | | - Jose Teixeira
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA/CNRS), CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91191, France
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17
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Brush-modified materials: Control of molecular architecture, assembly behavior, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Munasinghe A, Mathavan A, Mathavan A, Lin P, Colina CM. PEGylation within a confined hydrophobic cavity of a protein. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25584-25596. [PMID: 31720639 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to proteins, known as PEGylation, has increasingly been employed to expand the efficacy of therapeutic drugs. Recently, research has emphasized the effect of the conjugation site on protein-polymer interactions. In this study, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lysine 116 PEGylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) to illustrate how conjugation near a hydrophobic pocket affects the conjugate's dynamics and observed altered low mode vibrations in the protein. MD simulations were performed for a total of 1.5 μs for each PEG chain molecular mass from 2 to 20 kDa. Analysis of preferential PEG-BSA interactions showed that polymer behavior was also affected as proximity to the attractive protein surface patches promoted interactions in small (2 kDa) PEG chains, while the confined environment of the conjugation site reduced the expected BSA surface coverage when the polymer molecular mass increased to 10 kDa. This thorough analysis of PEG-BSA interactions and polymer dynamics increases the molecular understanding of site-specific PEGylation and enhances the use of protein-polymer conjugates as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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19
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Peng S, Liu J, Qin Y, Wang H, Cao B, Lu L, Yu X. Metal-Organic Framework Encapsulating Hemoglobin as a High-Stable and Long-Circulating Oxygen Carriers to Treat Hemorrhagic Shock. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35604-35612. [PMID: 31495166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an oxygen-transporting protein, free hemoglobin (Hb) often suffers from the disadvantage of undesirable stability and short blood circulation, which severely impairs the potential clinical applications as the blood substitute. In this work, Hb was facilely encapsulated into a kind of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (ZIF-8) inspired by the natural biomineralization process. The obtained ZIF-8 encapsulating Hb (ZIF-8@Hb) showed the small hydrodynamic size of 180.8 nm and neutral zeta potential of -2.1 mV by adjusting the ratio of Hb in ZIF-8 frameworks. Intriguingly, Hb encapsulated by ZIF-8 exhibited significantly enhanced stability in alkaline, oxidation, high temperature, or enzymatic environment compared with free Hb because of the excellent protective MOF coatings. More importantly, the negative charge of Hb neutralized the original positive charge of ZIF-8, which led to the better biocompatibility, lower protein adsorption, and macrophage uptake of ZIF-8@Hb than bare ZIF-8 nanoparticles. Furthermore, ZIF-8@Hb displayed extended blood circulation with the elimination half-life of 13.9 h as well as reduced nonspecific distribution in normal organs compared with free Hb or ZIF-8 nanoparticles. With the above advantages, ZIF-8@Hb showed significantly extended survival time of mice in a disease model of hemorrhagic shock compared with free Hb or bare ZIF-8 nanoparticles. Overall, this work offers a high-stable and long-circulating oxygen carrier platform, which may find wide applications as a blood substitute to treat various oxygen-relevant diseases.
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20
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Munasinghe A, Mathavan A, Mathavan A, Lin P, Colina CM. Molecular Insight into the Protein–Polymer Interactions in N-Terminal PEGylated Bovine Serum Albumin. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5196-5205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Russo D, de Angelis A, Garvey CJ, Wurm FR, Appavou MS, Prevost S. Effect of Polymer Chain Density on Protein–Polymer Conjugate Conformation. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1944-1955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche & Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | | | - Christopher. J. Garvey
- Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Frederick R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße, 185748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Mummidivarapu VVS, Rennie ML, Doolan AM, Crowley PB. Noncovalent PEGylation via Sulfonatocalix[4]arene–A Crystallographic Proof. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3999-4003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin L. Rennie
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aishling M. Doolan
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter B. Crowley
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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23
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Dos Santos Morais R, Delalande O, Pérez J, Mias-Lucquin D, Lagarrigue M, Martel A, Molza AE, Chéron A, Raguénès-Nicol C, Chenuel T, Bondon A, Appavou MS, Le Rumeur E, Combet S, Hubert JF. Human Dystrophin Structural Changes upon Binding to Anionic Membrane Lipids. Biophys J 2018; 115:1231-1239. [PMID: 30197181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding proteins play important roles in supporting the plasma membrane (sarcolemma) of muscle cells. Among them, dystrophin strengthens the sarcolemma through protein-lipid interactions, and its absence due to gene mutations leads to the severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Most of the dystrophin protein consists of a central domain made of 24 spectrin-like coiled-coil repeats (R). Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and the contrast variation technique, we specifically probed the structure of the three first consecutive repeats 1-3 (R1-3), a part of dystrophin known to physiologically interact with membrane lipids. R1-3 free in solution was compared to its structure adopted in the presence of phospholipid-based bicelles. SANS data for the protein/lipid complexes were obtained with contrast-matched bicelles under various phospholipid compositions to probe the role of electrostatic interactions. When bound to anionic bicelles, large modifications of the protein three-dimensional structure were detected, as revealed by a significant increase of the protein gyration radius from 42 ± 1 to 60 ± 4 Å. R1-3/anionic bicelle complexes were further analyzed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. From these studies, we report an all-atom model of R1-3 that highlights the opening of the R1 coiled-coil repeat when bound to the membrane lipids. This model is totally in agreement with SANS and click chemistry/mass spectrometry data. We conclude that the sarcolemma membrane anchoring that occurs during the contraction/elongation process of muscles could be ensured by this coiled-coil opening. Therefore, understanding these structural changes may help in the design of rationalized shortened dystrophins for gene therapy. Finally, our strategy opens up new possibilities for structure determination of peripheral and integral membrane proteins not compatible with different high-resolution structural methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Dos Santos Morais
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; SWING Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Delalande
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Javier Pérez
- SWING Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Mias-Lucquin
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Lagarrigue
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Inserm U1085, Protim-Plate-forme Protéomique, Rennes, France
| | | | - Anne-Elisabeth Molza
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Angélique Chéron
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Raguénès-Nicol
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Chenuel
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bondon
- CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, PRISM, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Le Rumeur
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Combet
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jean-François Hubert
- Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France.
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24
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Ciepluch K, Radulescu A, Hoffmann I, Raba A, Allgaier J, Richter D, Biehl R. Influence of PEGylation on Domain Dynamics of Phosphoglycerate Kinase: PEG Acts Like Entropic Spring for the Protein. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1950-1960. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Ciepluch
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science & Institute of Complex Systems (JCNS-1&ICS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), 71 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Andreas Raba
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science & Institute of Complex Systems (JCNS-1&ICS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science & Institute of Complex Systems (JCNS-1&ICS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Richter
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science & Institute of Complex Systems (JCNS-1&ICS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Biehl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science & Institute of Complex Systems (JCNS-1&ICS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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25
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Zheng YQ, Yao ZF, Lei T, Dou JH, Yang CY, Zou L, Meng X, Ma W, Wang JY, Pei J. Unraveling the Solution-State Supramolecular Structures of Donor-Acceptor Polymers and their Influence on Solid-State Morphology and Charge-Transport Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701072. [PMID: 28977685 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer self-assembly in solution prior to film fabrication makes solution-state structures critical for their solid-state packing and optoelectronic properties. However, unraveling the solution-state supramolecular structures is challenging, not to mention establishing a clear relationship between the solution-state structure and the charge-transport properties in field-effect transistors. Here, for the first time, it is revealed that the thin-film morphology of a conjugated polymer inherits the features of its solution-state supramolecular structures. A "solution-state supramolecular structure control" strategy is proposed to increase the electron mobility of a benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)-based polymer. It is shown that the solution-state structures of the BDOPV-based conjugated polymer can be tuned such that it forms a 1D rod-like structure in good solvent and a 2D lamellar structure in poor solvent. By tuning the solution-state structure, films with high crystallinity and good interdomain connectivity are obtained. The electron mobility significantly increases from the original value of 1.8 to 3.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This work demonstrates that "solution-state supramolecular structure" control is critical for understanding and optimization of the thin-film morphology and charge-transport properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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26
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Ferebee R, Hakem IF, Koch A, Chen M, Wu Y, Loh D, Wilson DC, Poole JL, Walker JP, Fytas G, Bockstaller MR. Light Scattering Analysis of Mono- and Multi-PEGylated Bovine Serum Albumin in Solution: Role of Composition on Structure and Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4591-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ferebee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ilhem F. Hakem
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amelie Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maggie Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yi Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Derek Loh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David C. Wilson
- FLIR Systems, Inc., 2240 William
Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Poole
- FLIR Systems, Inc., 2240 William
Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Walker
- FLIR Systems, Inc., 2240 William
Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, United States
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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