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Mao Z, Wu Y, Xu X, Chao Y, Zhang XG, Wang C, Cai WB. Uncovering the Dissociative Adsorption of the Leveler Janus Green B on Cu Electrodes at the Molecular Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6668-6675. [PMID: 38899781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The interfacial adsorption structure of an organic leveler decides its functionality in Cu interconnect electroplating and is yet far from clear. In this work, in situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations are applied to unravel the interfacial adsorption of the classic dye leveler Janus Green B (JGB) at a Cu electrode and understand its polarization property against Cu electrodeposition from an adsorption structure perspective. ATR-SEIRAS measurements and DFT calculations reveal that the N=N bond of the JGB molecule splits via reductive hydrogenation, forming two fragments of contrasting adsorption configurations. JGB exhibits the strongest inhibition effect on Cu deposition among all the tested additives including individual and mixed fragments, due to the highest coverage of organic adsorbates from JGB dissociation, as measured by EQCM. This work highlights the advantage of surface sensitive analytical tools in understanding the structure-performance of levelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yicai Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xindi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Chao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Wen YW, Li M, Fan LF, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Imparting Ultrahigh Strength to Polymers via a New Concept Strategy of Construction of up to Duodecuple Hydrogen Bonding among Macromolecular Chains. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406574. [PMID: 38948960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Interconnecting macromolecules via multiple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) can simultaneously strengthen and toughen polymers, but material synthesis becomes extremely difficult with increasing number of H-bonding donors and acceptors; therefore, most reports are limited to triple and quadruple H-bonds. Herein, this bottleneck is overcome by adopting a quartet-wise approach of constructing H-bonds instead of the traditional pairwise method. Thus, large multiple hydrogen bonds can be easily established, and the supramolecular interactions are further reinforced. Especially, when such multiple H-bond motifs are embedded in polymers, four macromolecular chains-rather than two as usual-are tied, distributing the applied stress over a larger volume and more significantly improving the overall mechanical properties. Proof-of-concept studies indicate that the proposed intermolecular multiple H-bonds (up to duodecuple) are readily introduced in polyurethane. A record-high tensile strength (105.2 MPa) is achieved alongside outstanding toughness (352.1 MJ m-3), fracture energy (480.7 kJ m-2), and fatigue threshold (2978.4 J m-2). Meantime, the polyurethane has acquired excellent self-healability and recyclability. This strategy is also applicable to nonpolar polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxane, whose strength (15.3 MPa) and toughness (50.3 MJ m-3) are among the highest reported to date for silicones. This new technique has good expandability and can be used to develop even more and stronger polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei Wen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Long Fei Fan
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
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3
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Rauh F, Dittloff J, Thun M, Stutzmann M, Sharp ID. Nanostructured Black Silicon as a Stable and Surface-Sensitive Platform for Time-Resolved In Situ Electrochemical Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6653-6664. [PMID: 38267016 PMCID: PMC10859962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) is a powerful method for probing interfacial chemical processes. However, SEIRAS-active nanostructured metallic thin films for the in situ analysis of electrochemical phenomena are often unstable under biased aqueous conditions. In this work, we present a surface-enhancing structure based on etched black Si internal reflection elements with Au-coatings for in situ electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS. Using electrochemical potential-dependent adsorption and desorption of 4-methoxypyridine on Au, we demonstrate that black Si-based substrates offer advantages over commonly used structures, such as electroless-deposited Au on Si and electrodeposited Au on ITO-coated Si, due to the combination of high stability, sensitivity, and conductivity. These characteristics are especially valuable for time-resolved measurements where stable substrates are required over extended times. Furthermore, the low sheet resistance of Au layers on black Si reduces the RC time constant of the electrochemical cell, enabling a significantly higher time resolution compared to that of traditional substrates. Thus, we employ black Si-based substrates in conjunction with rapid- and step-scan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the adsorption and desorption kinetics of 4-methoxypyridine during in situ electrochemical potential steps. Adsorption is shown to be diffusion-limited, which allows for the determination of the mean molecular area in a fully established monolayer. Moreover, no significant changes in the peak ratios of vibrational modes with different orientations relative to the molecular axis are observed, suggesting a single adsorption mode and no alteration of the average molecular orientation during the adsorption process. Overall, this study highlights the enhanced performance of black Si-based substrates for both steady-state and time-resolved in situ electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS, providing a powerful platform for kinetic and mechanistic investigations of electrochemical interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rauh
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Dittloff
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Thun
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Hsu J, Houache MSE, Abu-Lebdeh Y, Patton RA, Guzman MI, Al-Abadleh HA. In Situ Electrochemistry of Formate on Cu Thin Films Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2377-2384. [PMID: 38233221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Formate (HCOO-) is the most dominant intermediate identified during carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction (CO2ER). While previous studies showed that copper (Cu)-based materials that include Cu(0), Cu2O, and CuO are ideal catalysts for CO2ER, challenges to scalability stem from low selectivity and undesirable products in the -1.0-1.0 V range. There are few studies on the binding mechanism of intermediates and products for these systems as well as on changes to surface sites upon applying potential. Here, we use an in situ approach to study the redox surface chemistry of formate on Cu thin films deposited on Si wafers using a VeeMAX III spectroelectrochemical (SEC) cell compatible with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Spectra for surface species were collected in real time as a function of applied potential during cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. Results showed the reproducibility of CV curves on freshly prepared Cu/Si wafers with relatively high signal-to-noise ATR-FTIR absorbance features of surface species during these electrochemical experiments. The oxidation reaction of HCOO- to bicarbonate (HCO3-) was observed using ATR-FTIR at a voltage of 0.27 V. Samples were then subjected to reduction in the CV, and the aqueous phase products below the detection limit of the SEC-ATR-FTIR were identified using ion chromatography (IC). We report the formation of glycolate (H3C2O3-) and glyoxylate (HC2O3-) with trace amounts of oxalate (C2O42-), indicating that C-C coupling reactions proceed in these systems. Changes to the oxidation state of surface Cu were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed a reduction in Cu(0) and an increase in Cu(OH)2, indicating surface oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Mohamed S E Houache
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Yaser Abu-Lebdeh
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Reagan A Patton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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5
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Lins E, Andvaag IR, Read S, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Dual-Frequency Comb Spectroscopy Studies of Ionic Strength Effects in Time-Resolved ATR-SEIRAS. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Macchia E, Torricelli F, Bollella P, Sarcina L, Tricase A, Di Franco C, Österbacka R, Kovács-Vajna ZM, Scamarcio G, Torsi L. Large-Area Interfaces for Single-Molecule Label-free Bioelectronic Detection. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4636-4699. [PMID: 35077645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic transducing surfaces that are nanometric in size have been the main route to detect single molecules. Though enabling the study of rarer events, such methodologies are not suited to assay at concentrations below the nanomolar level. Bioelectronic field-effect-transistors with a wide (μm2-mm2) transducing interface are also assumed to be not suited, because the molecule to be detected is orders of magnitude smaller than the transducing surface. Indeed, it is like seeing changes on the surface of a one-kilometer-wide pond when a droplet of water falls on it. However, it is a fact that a number of large-area transistors have been shown to detect at a limit of detection lower than femtomolar; they are also fast and hence innately suitable for point-of-care applications. This review critically discusses key elements, such as sensing materials, FET-structures, and target molecules that can be selectively assayed. The amplification effects enabling extremely sensitive large-area bioelectronic sensing are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Macchia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.,Centre for Colloid and Surface Science - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Sarcina
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Tricase
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Franco
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Sede di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ronald Österbacka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Zsolt M Kovács-Vajna
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Scamarcio
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Sede di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.,Centre for Colloid and Surface Science - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
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7
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Thuy Thi Phan V, Andvaag IR, Boyle ND, Flaman GT, Unni B, Burgess IJ. Surface Sensitive Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry using Palladium Electrodeposited on ITO-Modified Internal Reflection Elements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2925-2933. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles have been electrodeposited on the surfaces of conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) modified silicon internal reflection elements. The resulting films are shown to be excellent platforms for attenuated...
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8
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Morhart TA, Tu K, Read ST, Rosendahl SM, Wells G, Achenbach S, Burgess IJ. Surface enhanced infrared spectroelectrochemistry using a microband electrode. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The successful use of a microband electrode printed on a silicon internal reflection element to perform time resolved infrared spectroscopy is described. Decreasing the critical dimension of the microband electrode to several hundred micrometers provides a sub-microsecond time constant in a Kretschmann configured spectroelectrochemical cell. The high brilliance of synchrotron sourced infrared radiation has been combined with a specially designed horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) microscope to focus the infrared beam on the microband electrode. The first use of a sub-microsecond time constant working electrode for ATR surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) is reported. Measurements show that the advantage afforded by the high brilliance of the synchrotron source is at least partially offset by increased noise from the experimental floor. The test system was the potential induced desorption of an adsorbed monolayer of 4-methoxypyridine (MOP) as measured using step-scan interferometry. Based on diffusion considerations alone, the expected time scale of the process was less than 10 microseconds but was experimentally measured to be three orders of magnitude slower. A defect-mediated dissolution of the condensed film is speculated to be the underlying cause of the unexpected slow kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Kaiyang Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | | | | | - Garth Wells
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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9
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In situ/operando vibrational spectroscopy for the investigation of advanced nanostructured electrocatalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Electrochemical and SEIRAS studies of urea and biuret adsorption on polycrystalline gold. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Morhart TA, Unni B, Lardner MJ, Burgess IJ. Electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS Using Low-Cost, Micromachined Si Wafers. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11818-11824. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Bipinlal Unni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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12
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Prieto F, Rueda M, Alvarez-Malmagro J. Electrochecmical Impedance Spectroscopy analysis of an adsorption process with a coupled preceding chemical step. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Investigations of Capping Agent Adsorption for Metal Nanoparticle Stabilization and the Formation of Anisotropic Gold Nanocrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527340934.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Morhart TA, Quirk A, Lardner MJ, May TE, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Femtomole Infrared Spectroscopy at the Electrified Metal–Solution Interface. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9351-9354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Amanda Quirk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lardner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Tim E. May
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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15
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Murshid N, Rahman MA, Wang X. Aggregation-enhanced IR absorption (AEIRA) of molybdenum-carbonyl organometallic aqueous colloids. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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