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Chen W, Yan A, Sun T, Wang X, Sun W, Pan B. Self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion: A promising platform for oral drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114057. [PMID: 38924852 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has been widely used to enhance the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs for oral delivery because of its advantages of enhancing solubility and dissolution rate. However, the problems related to drug recrystallization after drug dissolution in media or body fluid have constrained its application. Recently, a self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion (SNMSD) has been developed by incorporating self-micellizing polymers as carriers to settle the problems, markedly improving the ability of supersaturation maintenance and enhancing the oral bioavailability of drug. Spontaneous formation and stability of the self-nanomicelle (SNM) have been proved to be the key to supersaturation maintenance of SNMSD system. This offers a novel research direction for maintaining supersaturation and enhancing the bioavailability of ASDs. To delve into the advantages of SNMSDs, we provide a concise review introducing the formation mechanism, characterization methods and stability of SNMs, emphasizing the advantages of SNMSDs for oral drug delivery facilitated by SNM formation, and discussing relevant research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - An Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tiancong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoliang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Mixich L, Boonstra E, Masuda K, Li SW, Nakashima Y, Meng F, Sakata M, Goda T, Uchida S, Cabral H. Ionizable Polymeric Micelles with Phenylalanine Moieties Enhance Intracellular Delivery of Self-Replicating RNA for Long-Lasting Protein Expression In Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1058-1067. [PMID: 38181450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
mRNA-based therapeutics are revolutionizing the landscape of medical interventions. However, the short half-life of mRNA and transient protein expression often limits its therapeutic potential, demanding high treatment doses or repeated administrations. Self-replicating RNA (RepRNA)-based treatments could offer enhanced protein production and reduce the required dosage. Here, we developed polymeric micelles based on flexible poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(glycerol) (PEG-PG) block copolymers modified with phenylalanine (Phe) moieties via biodegradable ester bonds for the efficient delivery of RepRNA. These polymers successfully encapsulated RepRNA into sub-100 nm micelles assisted by the hydrophobicity of the Phe moieties and their ability to π-π stack with the bases in RepRNA. The micelles made from Phe-modified PEG-PG (PEG-PG(Phe)) effectively maintained the integrity of the loaded RepRNA in RNase-rich serum conditions. Once taken up by cells, the micelles triggered a pH-responsive membrane disruption, promoted by the strong protonation of the amino groups at endosomal pH, thereby delivering the RepRNA to the cytosol. The system induced strong protein expression in vitro and outperformed commercial transfecting reagents in vivo, where it resulted in enhanced and long-lasting protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mixich
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8658, Japan
| | - Eger Boonstra
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8658, Japan
| | - Keita Masuda
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8658, Japan
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8658, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8658, Japan
| | - Fanlu Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Momoko Sakata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8658, Japan
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3
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Yamasaki R, Rajan R, Matsumura K. Enhancement of cryopreservation with intracellularly permeable zwitterionic polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14001-14004. [PMID: 37941405 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel copolymer containing zwitterionic and methylsulfinyl structures was developed, which enhanced cryoprotective efficacy by enabling intracellular cytoplasmic permeation without relying on mediated endocytosis and diffused out of the cells within approximately 30 min, making it more advantageous than polymeric nanoparticles for the transport of membrane-impermeable cryoprotectants such as trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamasaki
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Robin Rajan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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4
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Yoshizaki Y, Konno T. Cellular Internalization and Exiting Behavior of Zwitterionic 4-Armed Star-Shaped Polymers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114479. [PMID: 37298956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The zwitterionic phospholipid polymer poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (PMB) is amphiphilic copolymer, and it has been reported to directly penetrate cell membranes and have good cytocompatibility. Conventional PMBs are linear-type random copolymers that are polymerized by a free radical polymerization technique. In contrast, star-shaped polymers, or simple branched-type polymers, have unique properties compared to the linear types, for example, a viscosity based on the effect of the excluded volume. In this study, a branched architecture was introduced into a PMB molecular structure, and a 4-armed star-shaped PMB (4armPMB) was synthesized by an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique known as living radical polymerization. Linear-type PMB was also synthesized using ATRP. The effects of the polymer architecture on cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were investigated. Both 4armPMB and LinearPMB were successfully synthesized, and these polymers were verified to be water soluble. Pyrene fluorescence in the polymer solution indicated that the architecture had no effect on the behavior of the polymer aggregates. In addition, these polymers caused no cytotoxicity or cell membrane damage. The 4armPMB and LinearPMB penetrated into the cells after a short incubation period, with similar rates. In contrast, the 4armPMB showed a quicker back-diffusion from the cells than that of LinearPMB. The 4armPMB showed fast cellular internalization and exiting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshizaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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5
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Drexler CI, Cyran JD, Webb LJ. Lipid-Specific Direct Translocation of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide NAF-1 44-67 across Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2002-2010. [PMID: 36827970 PMCID: PMC10127249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptide NAF-1 has recently emerged as a promising candidate for selective penetration and destruction of cancer cells. It displays numerous membrane-selective behaviors including cell-specific uptake and organelle-specific degradation. In this work, we explore membrane penetration and translocation of NAF-1 in model lipid bilayer vesicles as a function of lipid identity in zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipids mixed with anionic phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid lipids. By monitoring the digestion of NAF-1 using the protease trypsin located inside but not outside the vesicles, we determined that the translocation of NAF-1 was significantly enhanced by the presence of phosphatidic acid in the membrane compared to the other three anionic or zwitterionic lipids. These findings were correlated to fluorescence measurements of dansyl-labeled NAF-1, which revealed whether noncovalent interactions between NAF-1 and the bilayer were most stable either at the membrane/solution interface or within the membrane interior. Phosphatidic acid promoted interactions with fatty acid tails, while phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol stabilized interactions with polar lipid headgroups. Interfacial vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy experiments revealed that the phosphate moiety on phosphatidic acid headgroups was better hydrated than on the other three lipids, which helped to shuttle NAF-1 into the hydrophobic region. Our findings demonstrate that permeation does not depend on the net charge on phospholipid lipid headgroups in these model vesicles and suggest a model wherein NAF-1 crosses membranes selectively due to lipid-specific interactions at bilayer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad I Drexler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jenée D Cyran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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He N, Wang A, Tian C, Song Y, Guo X, Ming H, Ding M, Luo F, Tan H, Li J. Tuning the Endocytosis of Hybrid Micelles through Spatial Regulation of Cationic Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36779657 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of nanocarriers to enter tumor cells can be enhanced by positive surface charge. Nonetheless, the relationship between the spatial distributions of cationic groups and the endocytosis and tumor penetration of nanocarriers remains largely elusive. Here, using quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) as a model cationic group, a series of hybrid micelles (HMs) bearing QAS with different spatial distributions were prepared from star-shaped polymers with well-defined molecular architectures. The structural characteristics of HM, such as spatial location of QAS and local poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) density near QAS, were investigated by both experimental techniques and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. We show that the drug carriers with QAS extending to the micellar outer space allows QAS to facilitate cell surface binding with minimized hindrance, resulting in greatly enhanced endocytosis compared with nanocarriers with QAS attached onto the micellar surface or shielded by a PEG corona. This study offers cues for future development of tumor-penetrating drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenxu Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanqing Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Ming
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingming Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Feng Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Li Q, Wen C, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Zheng J, Cheng G, Bai J, Xu T, Ji J, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhang P. Zwitterionic Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17073-17154. [PMID: 36201481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The term "zwitterionic polymers" refers to polymers that bear a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units. When these oppositely charged groups are equally distributed at the molecular level, the molecules exhibit an overall neutral charge with a strong hydration effect via ionic solvation. The strong hydration effect constitutes the foundation of a series of exceptional properties of zwitterionic materials, including resistance to protein adsorption, lubrication at interfaces, promotion of protein stabilities, antifreezing in solutions, etc. As a result, zwitterionic materials have drawn great attention in biomedical and engineering applications in recent years. In this review, we give a comprehensive and panoramic overview of zwitterionic materials, covering the fundamentals of hydration and nonfouling behaviors, different types of zwitterionic surfaces and polymers, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsi Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chiyu Wen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xianchi Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yingnan Zhu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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8
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Kaneko M, Yamaguchi A, Ito A. Induction of immunogenic cell death in murine colon cancer cells by ferrocene-containing redox phospholipid polymers. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3558-3565. [PMID: 35950374 PMCID: PMC9530855 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is an apoptotic cell death process that elicits anti-tumor immunity. Although anticancer drugs that can induce ICD are promising for cancer treatment, the design strategy for ICD inducers remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the cell-penetrating redox phospholipid polymer poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-vinyl ferrocene) (pMFc) inducing ICD in murine colon cancer CT26 cells. pMFc produced oxidative stress by extracting electrons from CT26 cells and induced the release of DAMPs, such as calreticulin, adenosine triphosphate, and high-mobility group box 1. Moreover, the injection of pMFc-treated CT26 cells inhibited tumor formation in subsequently challenged CT26 cells, indicating that pMFc elicited anti-tumor immunity through ICD. Using in vivo therapy, intra-tumoral injections of pMFc induced complete tumor regression in 20% (1/5) of mice. These results suggested that the redox phospholipid polymer provides a new option for ICD-inducing anticancer polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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10
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Hatano H, Meng F, Sakata M, Matsumoto A, Ishihara K, Miyahara Y, Goda T. Transepithelial delivery of insulin conjugated with phospholipid-mimicking polymers via biomembrane fusion-mediated transcellular pathways. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:674-685. [PMID: 34896268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers that seal cell gaps by forming tight junctions to prevent the free permeation of nutrients, electrolytes, and drugs, are essential for maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms. The development of nanocarriers that can permeate epithelial tissues without compromising barrier function is key for establishing a safe and efficient drug delivery system (DDS). Previously, we have demonstrated that a water-soluble phospholipid-mimicking random copolymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine30-random-n‑butyl methacrylate70) (PMB30W), enters the cytoplasm of live cells by passive diffusion manners, without damaging the cell membranes. The internalization mechanism was confirmed to be amphiphilicity-induced membrane fusion. In the present study, we demonstrated energy-independent permeation of PMB30W through the model epithelial barriers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers in vitro. The polymer penetrated epithelial MDCK monolayers via transcellular pathways without breaching the barrier functions. This was confirmed by our unique assay that can monitor the leakage of the proton as the smallest indicator across the epithelial barriers. Moreover, energy-independent transepithelial permeation was achieved when insulin was chemically conjugated with the phospholipid-mimicking nanocarrier. The bioactivity of insulin as a growth factor was found to be maintained even after translocation. These fundamental findings may aid the establishment of transepithelial DDS with advanced drug efficiency and safety. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A nanocarrier that can freely permeate epithelial tissues without compromising barrier function is key for successful DDS. Existing strategies mainly rely on paracellular transport associated with tight junction breakdown or transcellular transport via transporter recognition-mediated active uptake. These approaches raise concerns about efficiency and safety. In this study, we performed non-endocytic permeation of phospholipid-mimicking polymers through the model epithelial barriers in vitro. The polymer penetrated via transcytotic pathways without breaching the barriers of biomembrane and tight junction. Moreover, transepithelial permeation occurred when insulin was covalently attached to the nanocarrier. The bioactivity of insulin was maintained even after translocation. The biomimetic design of nanocarrier may realize safe and efficient transepithelial DDS.
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11
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Chemically Induced pH Perturbations for Analyzing Biological Barriers Using Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217277. [PMID: 34770587 PMCID: PMC8588202 DOI: 10.3390/s21217277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric pH measurements have long been used for the bioanalysis of biofluids, tissues, and cells. A glass pH electrode and ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) can measure the time course of pH changes in a microenvironment as a result of physiological and biological activities. However, the signal interpretation of passive pH sensing is difficult because many biological activities influence the spatiotemporal distribution of pH in the microenvironment. Moreover, time course measurement suffers from stability because of gradual drifts in signaling. To address these issues, an active method of pH sensing was developed for the analysis of the cell barrier in vitro. The microenvironmental pH is temporarily perturbed by introducing a low concentration of weak acid (NH4+) or base (CH3COO−) to cells cultured on the gate insulator of ISFET using a superfusion system. Considering the pH perturbation originates from the semi-permeability of lipid bilayer plasma membranes, induced proton dynamics are used for analyzing the biomembrane barriers against ions and hydrated species following interaction with exogenous reagents. The unique feature of the method is the sensitivity to the formation of transmembrane pores as small as a proton (H+), enabling the analysis of cell–nanomaterial interactions at the molecular level. The new modality of cell analysis using ISFET is expected to be applied to nanomedicine, drug screening, and tissue engineering.
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12
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pH-responsive pitted polymer particles with surface morphologies from cup shaped to multicavities. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Kaneko M, Ishikawa M, Nakanishi S, Ishihara K. Anticancer Activity of Cell-Penetrating Redox Phospholipid Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:926-932. [PMID: 35549201 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active molecules are promising anticancer compounds because cancer cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Anticancer drugs are often incorporated into synthetic polymers to improve water solubility, stability, and retention in the body. Most conventional redox-active polymers are regarded as stimuli-responsive polymers, which induce the release of anticancer drugs in response to the surrounding redox environment. Here, we prepared redox phospholipid polymers composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine units and ferrocene or quinone units as anticancer redox polymers. Redox phospholipid polymers can disturb the intracellular redox state owing to their redox activity and cell membrane permeability. We observed that the redox potential of the polymers affected the reactivity with intracellular redox species and O2, resulting in a different impact on the viability of human cancer and normal cells. Notably, the polymer with moderate reactivity with the intracellular redox species and O2 was shown to suppress the viability of the cancer cells selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560−8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Boonstra E, Hatano H, Miyahara Y, Uchida S, Goda T, Cabral H. A proton/macromolecule-sensing approach distinguishes changes in biological membrane permeability during polymer/lipid-based nucleic acid delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4298-4302. [PMID: 34018540 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal escape is crucial for the delivery of nucleic acids. However, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still deficient. In this work, we explored the effects of lipid- and polymer-based transfection reagents on the permeability of cellular membranes through an innovative method combining a proton-sensing transistor and a cytosolic LDH leakage assay, which allows us to distinguish between modes of molecule permeation that may occur during endosomal escape. By testing the commercial reagents lipofectin and in vivo JetPEI under physiological and endosomal pH conditions, we found that both lipid- and polymer-based transfection reagents have pH-dependent pore-forming activity, with the former creating smaller pores than the latter. This versatile approach of assessing carrier-membrane interactions is expected to contribute to the development of next-generation nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eger Boonstra
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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15
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Biosynthetic Polymalic Acid as a Delivery Nanoplatform for Translational Cancer Medicine. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:213-224. [PMID: 33268216 PMCID: PMC7580597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) is a natural polyester produced by numerous microorganisms. Regarding its biosynthetic machinery, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) is proposed to direct polymerization of L-malic acid in vivo. Chemically versatile and biologically compatible, PMLA can be used as an ideal carrier for several molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, chemotherapeutic drugs, and imaging agents, and can deliver multimodal theranostics through biological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier. We focus on PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms, summarize the physicochemical and physiochemical characteristics of PMLA as a naturally derived polymeric delivery platform at nanoscale, and highlight the attachment of functional groups to enhance cancer detection and treatment.
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16
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Goda T, Hatano H, Yamamoto M, Miyahara Y, Morimoto N. Internalization Mechanisms of Pyridinium Sulfobetaine Polymers Evaluated by Induced Protic Perturbations on Cell Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9977-9984. [PMID: 32787130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of soft nanomatters with cell membranes is particularly important for research into nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, cell engineering, and subcellular imaging. Most nanoparticles, vesicles, micelles, and polymeric aggregates are internalized into endosomes and, eventually, lysosomes in the cytosol because of energy-dependent endocytic processes. Endocytic uptake substantially limits the access to the cytoplasm where a cargo agent acts. Bypassing the endocytic pathways by direct penetration into plasma membrane barriers would enhance the efficacy of nanomedicines. Some zwitterionic polymer nanoaggregates have been shown to permeate into the cell interior in an energy-independent manner. We have elucidated this phenomenon by observing changes in the biomembrane barrier functions against protons as the smallest indicator and have used these results to further design and develop poly(betaines). In this work, we investigated the translocation mechanisms for a series of zwitterionic poly(methacrylamide) and poly(methacrylate) species bearing a pyridinium propane sulfonate moiety in the monomers. Minor differences in the monomer structures and functional groups were observed to have dramatic effects on the interaction with plasma membranes during translocation. The ability to cross the plasma membrane involves a balance among the betaine dipole-dipole interaction, NH-π interaction, π-π interaction, cation-π interaction, and amide hydrogen bonding. We found that the cell-penetrating polysulfobetaines had limited or no detrimental effect on cell proliferation. Our findings enhance the opportunity to design and synthesize soft nanomatters for cell manipulations by passing across biomembrane partitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
- Nano Innovation Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 22 HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P. R. China
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Ishihara K, Hachiya S, Inoue Y, Fukazawa K, Konno T. Water-Soluble and Cytocompatible Phospholipid Polymers for Molecular Complexation to Enhance Biomolecule Transportation to Cells in Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081762. [PMID: 32781760 PMCID: PMC7465638 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble and cytocompatible polymers were investigated to enhance a transporting efficiency of biomolecules into cells in vitro. The polymers composed of a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) unit, a hydrophobic monomer unit, and a cationic monomer unit bearing an amino group were synthesized for complexation with model biomolecules, siRNA. The cationic MPC polymer was shown to interact with both siRNA and the cell membrane and was successively transported siRNA into cells. When introducing 20–50 mol% hydrophobic units into the cationic MPC polymer, transport of siRNA into cells. The MPC units (10–20 mol%) in the cationic MPC polymer were able to impart cytocompatibility, while maintaining interaction with siRNA and the cell membrane. The level of gene suppression of the siRNA/MPC polymer complex was evaluated in vitro and it was as the same level as that of a conventional siRNA transfection reagent, whereas its cytotoxicity was significantly lower. We concluded that these cytocompatible MPC polymers may be promising complexation reagent for introducing biomolecules into cells, with the potential to contribute to future fields of biotechnology, such as in vitro evaluation of gene functionality, and the production of engineered cells with biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.I.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5841-7124 (K.I.); +81-22-795-6841 (T.K.)
| | - Shohei Hachiya
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Yuuki Inoue
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Tomohiro Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba-Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5841-7124 (K.I.); +81-22-795-6841 (T.K.)
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Kaneko M, Ishihara K, Nakanishi S. Redox-Active Polymers Connecting Living Microbial Cells to an Extracellular Electrical Circuit. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001849. [PMID: 32734709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical systems in which metabolic electrons in living microbes have been extracted to or injected from an extracellular electrical circuit have attracted considerable attention as environmentally-friendly energy conversion systems. Since general microbes cannot exchange electrons with extracellular solids, electron mediators are needed to connect living cells to an extracellular electrode. Although hydrophobic small molecules that can penetrate cell membranes are commonly used as electron mediators, they cannot be dissolved at high concentrations in aqueous media. The use of hydrophobic mediators in combination with small hydrophilic redox molecules can substantially increase the efficiency of the extracellular electron transfer process, but this method has side effects, in some cases, such as cytotoxicity and environmental pollution. In this Review, recently-developed redox-active polymers are highlighted as a new type of electron mediator that has less cytotoxicity than many conventional electron mediators. Owing to the design flexibility of polymer structures, important parameters that affect electron transport properties, such as redox potential, the balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, and electron conductivity, can be systematically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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19
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Goda T, Miyahara Y, Ishihara K. Phospholipid-mimicking cell-penetrating polymers: principles and applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7633-7641. [PMID: 32720672 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of eukaryotic cellular membranes with nanomaterials is required to construct efficient and safe nanomedicines and molecular bioengineering. Intracellular uptake of nanocarriers by active endocytosis limits the intracellular distribution to the endosomal compartment, impairing the intended biological actions of the cargo molecules. Nonendocytic intracellular migration is another route for nanomaterials with cationic or amphiphilic properties to evade the barrier function of the lipid bilayer plasma membranes. Direct transport of nanomaterials into cells is efficient, but this may cause cytotoxic or biocidal effects by temporarily disrupting the biological membrane barrier. We have recently discovered that nonendocytic internalization of synthetic amphipathic polymer-based nanoaggregates that mimic the structure of natural phospholipids can occur without inducing cytotoxicity. Analysis using a proton leakage assay indicated that the polymer enters cells by amphiphilicity-induced membrane fusion rather than by transmembrane pore formation. These noncytotoxic cell-penetrating polymers may find applications in drug delivery systems, gene transfection, cell therapies, and biomolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
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Wang P, Yang R, Liu S, Ren Y, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang W, Chi B. Thermosensitive nanoparticle of mPEG-PTMC for oligopeptide delivery into osteoclast precursors. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520933916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane delivery of biomolecules through nanoparticles plays an important role in targeted therapy. Here, we designed a simple nanoparticle for the delivery of model peptide drug into primary osteoclast precursor cells (bone marrow macrophages) by thermosensitive and biodegradable diblock copolymer monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(trimethylene carbonate). The model peptide drug was encapsulated into the nanoparticle by dropping the drug carrier dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide solvent into water containing poly(vinyl alcohol) to achieve temperature response nanoparticles. Through size analysis, we found that the nanoparticles possessed a temperature-sensitive property between 30°C and 40°C. Moreover, flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetry analysis indicated that nanoparticle systems underwent significant cellular uptake. In addition, the evaluation of cell biology showed that nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the results indicated that the temperature-sensitive nanoparticles have potential application value for targeted delivery of oligopeptide in the treatment process of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Lin HP, Akimoto J, Li YK, Ito Y. Selective Control of Cell Activity with Hydrophilic Polymer-Covered Cationic Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000049. [PMID: 32253822 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers exhibit high cytotoxicity via strong interaction with cell membranes. To reduce cell membrane damage, a hydrophilic polymer is introduced to the cationic nanoparticle surface. The hydrophilic polymer coating of cationic nanoparticles resulted in a nearly neutral nanoparticle. These particles are applied to mouse fibroblast (3T3) and human cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela) cells. Interestingly, nanoparticles with a long cationic segment decrease cell activity regardless of cell type, while those with a short segment only affect 3T3 cell activity at lower concentrations less than 500 µg mL-1 . Most nanoparticles are located inside 3T3 cells but on the cell membrane of Hela cells. The short cationic nanoparticle shows negligible cell membrane damage despite its high accumulation on Hela cell membranes. Cell activity changed by hydrophilic polymer-coated cationic nanoparticles is caused by incorporated nanoparticle accumulation in the cells, not cell membrane damage. To suppress the cytotoxicity from the cationic polymer, cationic nanoparticle needs to completely cover with hydrophilic polymer so as not to exhibit the cationic effect and applies to cell with low concentrations to reduce the nonselective cytotoxicity from the cationic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Pen Lin
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jun Akimoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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22
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Hatano H, Goda T, Matsumoto A, Miyahara Y. Induced Proton Dynamics on Semiconductor Surfaces for Sensing Tight Junction Formation Enhanced by an Extracellular Matrix and Drug. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3195-3202. [PMID: 31763825 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the fields of tissue engineering and drug discovery, confirming the formation and maturation of epithelial cell tight junctions (TJs), which are necessary for blocking pathogenic invasion and absorption of nutrients and ions, at a high spatiotemporal resolution is essential. We previously developed a system of monitoring pH perturbation induced by weak acid exposure to cells cultured on an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor that enables a sensitive and specific detection of biomembrane injuries and TJ breakdowns caused by external stimuli such as nanomaterials and cytotoxins. In this study, we monitor time-lapse changes in the paracellular diffusion of growing epithelial cell monolayers using the pH perturbation assay as well as conventional permeability and trans-epithelial electrical resistance assays. The effects of the extracellular matrix and a TJ potentiator (KN-93) on epithelial TJ formation are evaluated. TJ formations were promoted on the substrate coated with Matrigel more than on the one coated with poly(l-lysine). KN-93 accelerated TJ formations in a dose-dependent manner. The pH perturbation assay denoted a longer incubation time for the completion of TJ formation compared with the conventional assays under the same conditions. Importantly, the pH perturbation assay is able to rigorously evaluate TJ formation, as the assay uses protons as the smallest indicator for detecting paracellular gaps, and the pH perturbation is specific to TJ alterations. These features for in vitro TJ evaluation using proton dynamics are advantageous for applications in tissue engineering and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Nano Innovation Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 22 Huoline Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P. R. China
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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23
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Guo Y, Werner M, Li W, Sommer JU, Baulin VA. Shape-Adaptive Single-Chain Nanoparticles Interacting with Lipid Membranes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yachong Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Marco Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenfei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir A. Baulin
- Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Av. dels Paisos Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Kaneko M, Ishikawa M, Ishihara K, Nakanishi S. Cell-Membrane Permeable Redox Phospholipid Polymers Induce Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4447-4456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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