1
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Lei Z, Wang Z, Jiang H, Cahn JR, Chen H, Huang S, Jin Y, Wang X, Yu K, Zhang W. Dual-Factor-Controlled Dynamic Precursors Enable On-Demand Thermoset Degradation and Recycling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407854. [PMID: 39225419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermosets are well known for their advantages such as high stability and chemical resistance. However, developing sustainable thermosets with degradability and recyclability faces several principal challenges, including reconciling the desired characteristics during service with the recycling and reprocessing properties required at the end of life, establishing efficient methods for large-scale synthesis, and aligning with current manufacturing process. Here a general strategy is presented for the on-demand degradation and recycling of thermosets under mild conditions utilizing dynamic precursors with dual-factor-controlled reversibility. Specifically, dynamic triazine crosslinkers are introduced through dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) into the precursor polyols used in polyurethane (PU) synthesis. Upon removal of the catalyst and alcohol, the reversibility of SNAr is deactivated, allowing for the use of standard PU polymerization techniques such as injection molding, casting, and foaming. The resulting cyanurate-crosslinked PUs maintain high stability and diverse mechanical properties of traditional crosslinked PUs, yet offer the advantage of easy on-demand depolymerization for recycling by activating the reversibility of SNAr under specific but mild conditions-a combination of base, alcohol, and mild heat. It is envisioned that this approach, involving the pre-installation of dual-factor-controlled dynamic crosslinkers, can be broadly applied to current thermosetting plastic manufacturing processes, introducing enhanced sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zirui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Jackson R Cahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | | | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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2
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Schara P, Cristadoro A, Sijbesma RP, Tomović Ž. Sustainable and Scalable Synthesis of Acetal-Containing Polyols as a Platform for Circular Polyurethanes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401595. [PMID: 39141831 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are highly versatile polymers widely utilized across industries. However, chemical recycling of PU poses significant challenges due to the harsh conditions required and the formation of complex mixtures of oligomers upon depolymerization. Addressing this inherent lack of recyclability, we developed closed-loop recyclable PU materials by integrating cleavable acetal groups. We present a sustainable and scalable synthesis method for acetal-containing polyols (APs) through aldehyde-diol polycondensation, utilizing reusable heterogeneous catalysts. Three APs with different hydrolytic stabilities depending on the structure of acetal groups were synthesized from formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde with 1,6-hexanediol (H16). These APs were employed alongside 4,4'-methylene diisocyanate (MDI) for preparation of PU materials. The resulting PUs exhibited mechanical properties comparable to or surpassing those of conventional PUs, while demonstrating excellent recyclability under acidic conditions. Notably, hydrolysis of PU materials based on acetaldehyde-derived APs yielded remarkable monomer recovery rates, with 89 % for H16 and 84 % for 4,4'-methylenedianiline, a precursor to MDI. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated closed-loop recycling by synthesizing APs from recovered H16, resulting in PU materials with identical properties to the original PU. This achievement highlights the potential for establishing a closed-loop recycling system for acetal-containing PUs, contributing to the advancement of a sustainable and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Cristadoro
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Rint P Sijbesma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Željko Tomović
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Miravalle E, Viada G, Bonomo M, Barolo C, Bracco P, Zanetti M. Recycling of Commercially Available Biobased Thermoset Polyurethane Using Covalent Adaptable Network Mechanisms. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2217. [PMID: 39125243 PMCID: PMC11314662 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Until recently, recycling thermoset polyurethanes (PUs) was limited to degrading methods. The development of covalent adaptable networks (CANs), to which PUs can be assigned, has opened novel possibilities for actual recycling. Most efforts in this area have been directed toward inventing new materials that can benefit from CAN theory; presently, little or nothing has been applied to industrially producible materials. In this study, both an industrially available polyol (Sovermol780®) and isocyanate (Tolonate X FLO 100®) with percentages of bioderived components were employed, resulting in a potentially scalable and industrially producible material. The resultant network could be reworked up to three times, maintaining the crosslinked structure without significantly changing the thermal properties. Improvements in mechanical parameters were observed when comparing the pristine material to the material exposed to three rework processes, with gains of roughly 50% in elongation at break and 20% in tensile strength despite a 25% decrease in Young's modulus and crosslink density. Thus, it was demonstrated that theory may be profitably applied even to materials that are not designed including additional bonds but instead rely just on the dynamic urethane bond that is naturally present in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Miravalle
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Gabriele Viada
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
- Instm Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- SUSPLAS@UniTo, Sustainable Plastic Scientific Hub, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
- Instm Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- SUSPLAS@UniTo, Sustainable Plastic Scientific Hub, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
- SUSPLAS@UniTo, Sustainable Plastic Scientific Hub, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
- Instm Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- SUSPLAS@UniTo, Sustainable Plastic Scientific Hub, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Yu Z, Li Q, Liu Y, Tian S, Chen W, Han Y, Tang Z, Zhang J. Malleable, Ultrastrong Antibacterial Thermosets Enabled by Guanidine Urea Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402891. [PMID: 38868926 PMCID: PMC11321644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent polymers (DCPs) that strike a balance between high performance and rapid reconfiguration have been a challenging task. For this purpose, a solution is proposed in the form of a new dynamic covalent supramolecular motif-guanidine urea structure (GUAs). GUAs contain complex and diverse chemical structures as well as unique bonding characteristics, allowing guanidine urea supramolecular polymers to demonstrate advanced physical properties. Noncovalent interaction aggregates (NIAs) have been confirmed to form in GUA-DCPs through multistage H-bonding and π-π stacking, resulting in an extremely high Young's modulus of 14 GPa, suggesting remarkable mechanical strength. Additionally, guanamine urea linkages in GUAs, a new type of dynamic covalent bond, provide resins with excellent malleability and reprocessability. Guanamine urea metathesis is validated using small molecule model compounds, and the temperature dependent infrared and rheological behavior of GUA-DCPs following the dissociative exchange mechanism. Moreover, the inherent photodynamic antibacterial properties are extensively verified by antibacterial experiments. Even after undergoing three reprocessing cycles, the antibacterial rate of GUA-DCPs remains above 99% after 24 h, highlighting their long-lasting antibacterial effectiveness. GUA-DCPs with dynamic nature, tuneable composition, and unique combination of properties make them promising candidates for various technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Center of Eco‐Material and Green ChemistryLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Shu Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Wanding Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Yingying Han
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Tang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco‐Material and Green ChemistryLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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5
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Du S, Yang S, Wang B, Li P, Zhu J, Ma S. Acetal-thiol Click-like Reaction: Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Dynamic Dithioacetals and Recyclable Polydithioacetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405653. [PMID: 38764409 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Dithioacetals are heavily used in organic, material and medical chemistries, and exhibit huge potential to synthesize degradable or recyclable polymers. However, the current synthetic approaches of dithioacetals and polydithioacetals are overwhelmingly dependent on external catalysts and organic solvents. Herein, we disclose a catalyst- and solvent-free acetal-thiol click-like reaction for synthesizing dithioacetals and polydithioacetals. High conversion, higher than acid catalytic acetal-thiol reaction, can be achieved. High universality was confirmed by monitoring the reactions of linear and cyclic acetals (including renewable bio-sourced furan-acetal) with aliphatic and aromatic thiols, and the reaction mechanism of monomolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1) and auto-protonation (activation) by thiol was clarified by combining experiments and density functional theory computation. Subsequently, we utilize this reaction to synthesize readily recyclable polydithioacetals. By simple heating and stirring, linear polydithioacetals withM ‾ ${\bar M}$ w of ~110 kDa were synthesized from acetal and dithiol, and depolymerization into macrocyclic dithioacetal and repolymerization into polydithioacetal can be achieved; through reactive extrusion, a semi-interpenetrating polymer dynamic network with excellent mechanical properties and continuous reprocessability was prepared from poly(vinyl butyral) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate). This green and high-efficient synthesis method for dithioacetals and polydithioacetals is beneficial to the sustainable development of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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6
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Lei Z, Chen H, Huang S, Wayment LJ, Xu Q, Zhang W. New Advances in Covalent Network Polymers via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7829-7906. [PMID: 38829268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent network polymers, as materials composed of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, are known for their thermal and chemical stability. Over the past two decades, these materials have undergone significant transformations, gaining properties such as malleability, environmental responsiveness, recyclability, crystallinity, and customizable porosity, enabled by the development and integration of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). In this review, we explore the innovative realm of covalent network polymers by focusing on the recent advances achieved through the application of DCvC. We start by examining the history and fundamental principles of DCvC, detailing its inception and core concepts and noting its key role in reversible covalent bond formation. Then the reprocessability of covalent network polymers enabled by DCvC is thoroughly discussed, starting from the significant milestones that marked the evolution of these polymers and progressing to their current trends and applications. The influence of DCvC on the crystallinity of covalent network polymers is then reviewed, covering their bond diversity, synthesis techniques, and functionalities. In the concluding section, we address the current challenges faced in the field of covalent network polymers and speculates on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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7
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Kito T, Hayashi M. Trapping bond exchange phenomenon revealed for off-stoichiometry cross-linking of phase-separated vitrimer-like materials. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2961-2968. [PMID: 38469887 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Vitrimer materials combined with nano-phase separated structures have attracted attention, expanding the tuning range of physical properties, such as flow and creep properties. We recently demonstrated a preparation of vitrimer-like materials with phase-separated nanodomains in which dissociative bond exchange via trans-N-alkylation of quaternized pyridine was operated. In this study, we demonstrate a new finding about the bond exchange mechanism: that is, the trapping bond exchange phenomenon. The component polymer is a poly(acrylate) containing pyridine side groups randomly along the chain, which is cross-linked by diiodo molecules via pyridine-iodo quaternization, where the quaternized pyridines are aggregated to form nano-size domains. When the cross-linking reaction is performed at an off-stoichiometric pyridine : iodo ratio (i.e., an excess of pyridine groups), free pyridine groups are located in the matrix phase. Since the bond exchange in the present system progresses in an inter-domain manner, the dissociated unit bearing pendant iodo is trapped by the free pyridine groups in the matrix, which generates other small aggregates. This trapping phenomenon greatly affects the relaxation and creep properties, which are very different from those found in conventional knowledge about vitrimer physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kito
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya-city, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya-city, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Carbonell-Blasco MP, Moyano MA, Hernández-Fernández C, Sierra-Molero FJ, Pastor IM, Alonso DA, Arán-Aís F, Orgilés-Calpena E. Polyurethane Adhesives with Chemically Debondable Properties via Diels-Alder Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 38201686 PMCID: PMC10780649 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) represent a pioneering advance in polymer science, offering unprecedented versatility in materials design. Unlike conventional adhesives with irreversible bonds, CAN-based polyurethane adhesives have the unique ability to undergo chemical restructuring through reversible bonds. One of the strategies for incorporating these types of reactions in polyurethanes is by functionalisation with Diels-Alder (DA) adducts. By taking advantage of the reversible nature of the DA chemistry, the adhesive undergoes controlled crosslinking and decrosslinking processes, allowing for precise modulation of bond strength. This adaptability is critical in applications requiring reworkability or recyclability, as it allows for easy disassembly and reassembly of bonded components without compromising the integrity of the material. This study focuses on the sustainable synthesis and characterisation of a solvent-based polyurethane adhesive, obtained by functionalising a polyurethane prepolymer with DA diene and dienophiles. The characterisation of the adhesives was carried out using different experimental techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brookfield viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and T-peel strength testing of leather/adhesive/rubber joints to determine the adhesive properties, both before and after the application of external stimuli. The conversion of both the DA and retro-Diels-Alder (r-DA) reactions was confirmed by 1H-NMR. The adhesive properties were not altered by the functionalisation of the adhesive prepolymer, showing similar thermal resistance and good rheological and adhesive properties, even exceeding the most demanding technical requirements for upper-to-sole joints in footwear. After the application of an external thermal stimuli, the bonded materials separated without difficulty and without damage, thus facilitating their separation, recovery and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Carbonell-Blasco
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - María Alejandra Moyano
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - Carlota Hernández-Fernández
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - Francisco J. Sierra-Molero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (F.J.S.-M.); (I.M.P.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Isidro M. Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (F.J.S.-M.); (I.M.P.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Diego A. Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (F.J.S.-M.); (I.M.P.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Francisca Arán-Aís
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - Elena Orgilés-Calpena
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
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9
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Saito K, Türel T, Eisenreich F, Tomović Ž. Closed-Loop Recyclable Poly(imine-acetal)s with Dual-Cleavable Bonds for Primary Building Block Recovery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301017. [PMID: 37518676 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical recycling offers a promising solution for the end-of-life treatment of synthetic polymers. However, the efficient recovery of well-defined recycled building blocks continues to be a major challenge, especially for crosslinked thermosets. Here, we developed vanillin-based polymer networks functionalized with dual-cleavable imine and acetal bonds that facilitate chemical recycling to primary building blocks and their convenient separation at the molecular level. A library of crosslinked poly(imine-acetal)s was synthesized by combining the in-bulk synthesized liquid di-vanillin acetal monomer (DVA) with commercially available liquid di- and triamines under solvent-free conditions. These thermosets showed tailor-made thermal and mechanical properties along with outstanding chemical recyclability. Under aqueous acidic conditions, poly(imine-acetal)s selectively and completely disintegrate into small molecules. During the polymer design stage, these compounds were carefully selected to enable facile separation without tedious techniques. As a result, the primary building blocks were isolated in high yields and purity and immediately reused to produce fresh polymers with identical thermomechanical properties. Since our "design for recycling" concept aims at obtaining the primary building blocks rather than monomers after depolymerization, a plethora of possibilities are unlocked to utilize these chemical resources, including closed-loop recycling as portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Saito
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Tankut Türel
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Željko Tomović
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
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10
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Liu J, Miao P, Leng X, Che J, Wei Z, Li Y. Chemically Recyclable Biobased Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Networks from CO 2 -Derived Six-membered Cyclic Carbonates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300263. [PMID: 37435986 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are widely studied as sustainability potential, because they can be prepared without using toxic isocyanates in the synthesis process. The aminolysis of cyclic carbonate to form NIPUs is a promising route. In this work, a series of NIPUs is prepared from renewable bis(6-membered cyclic carbonates) (iEbcc) and amines. The resulting NIPUs possess excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. The NIPUs can be remolded via transcarbamoylation reactions, and iEbcc-TAEA-10 (the molar ratio of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine in amines is 10%) still get a recovery ratio of 90% in tensile stress after three cycles of remolding. In addition, the obtained materials can be chemically degraded into bi(1,3-diol) precursors with high purity (>99%) and yield (>90%) through alcoholysis. Meanwhile, the degraded products can be used to regenerate NIPUs with similar structures and properties as the original samples. The synthetic strategy, isocyanate-free and employing isoeugenol and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as building blocks, makes this approach an attractive pathway to NIPU networks taking a step toward a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pengcheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jian Che
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Dalian Xinyulong Marine Biological Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, 116222, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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11
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Zhu S, Wang Y, Qin J, Chen L, Zhang L, Wei Y, Liu W. Hemiaminal dynamic covalent networks with rapid stress relaxation, reprocessability and degradability endowed by the synergy of disulfide and hemiaminal bonds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28658-28665. [PMID: 37790096 PMCID: PMC10542860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a strategy to address the challenge of achieving rapid reprocessability of vitrimers at mild temperatures by introducing dynamic disulfide and hemiaminal bonds into hemiaminal dynamic covalent networks (HDCNs). The resulting HDCNs, termed HDCNs-DTDA, were prepared through a facile polycondensation between formaldehyde and 4,4'-dithiodianiline. The dual dynamic bond system in the HDCNs-DTDA enables rapid stress relaxation under mild temperature (65 °C for 54 s), which is significantly faster than that observed in HDCNs containing a single dynamic bond (HDCNs-DDM). The HDCNs-DTDA also exhibit a glass transition temperature of 96 °C, excellent solvent resistance and high recovery rates (97%) of tensile strength after reprocessing. In addition, HDCNs-DTDA can be easily degraded in HCl and thiol solutions at room temperature to enable chemical recyclability. Finally, HDCNs-DTDA demonstrates fast shape memory behaviors using thermal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Zhu
- Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province-Ministry Joint), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jiaxin Qin
- Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province-Ministry Joint), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province-Ministry Joint), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province-Ministry Joint), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai China
| | - Yi Wei
- Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province-Ministry Joint), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai China
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province-Ministry Joint), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai China
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12
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Miravalle E, Bracco P, Brunella V, Barolo C, Zanetti M. Improving Sustainability through Covalent Adaptable Networks in the Recycling of Polyurethane Plastics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3780. [PMID: 37765634 PMCID: PMC10537520 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global plastic waste problem has created an urgent need for the development of more sustainable materials and recycling processes. Polyurethane (PU) plastics, which represent 5.5% of globally produced plastics, are particularly challenging to recycle owing to their crosslinked structure. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on dynamic covalent bonds have emerged as a promising solution for recycling PU waste. CANs enable the production of thermoset polymers that can be recycled using methods that are traditionally reserved for thermoplastic polymers. Reprocessing using hot-pressing techniques, in particular, proved to be more suited for the class of polyurethanes, allowing for the efficient recycling of PU materials. This Review paper explores the potential of CANs for improving the sustainability of PU recycling processes by examining different types of PU-CANs, bond types, and fillers that can be used to optimise the recycling efficiency. The paper concludes that further research is needed to develop more cost-effective and industrial-friendly techniques for recycling PU-CANs, as they can significantly contribute to sustainable development by creating recyclable thermoset polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Miravalle
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunella
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
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13
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Jin Y, Hu C, Wang J, Ding Y, Shi J, Wang Z, Xu S, Yuan L. Thiol-Aldehyde Polycondensation for Bio-based Adaptable and Degradable Phenolic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305677. [PMID: 37204428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing sustainable materials with tunable mechanical properties, intrinsic degradability, and recyclability from renewable biomass through a mild process has become vital in polymer science. Traditional phenolic resins are generally considered to be not degradable or recyclable. Here we report the design and synthesis of linear and network structured phenolic polymers using facile polycondensation between natural aldehyde-bearing phenolic compounds and polymercaptans. Linear phenolic products are amorphous with Tg between -9 °C and 12 °C. Cross-linked networks from vanillin and its di-aldehyde derivative exhibited excellent mechanical strength between 6-64 MPa. The connecting dithioacetals are associatively adaptable strong bonds and susceptible to degradation in oxidative conditions to regenerate vanillin. These results highlight the potential of biobased sustainable phenolic polymers with recyclability and selective degradation, as a complement to the traditional phenol-formaldehyde resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yongliang Ding
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Junjie Shi
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shichao Xu
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
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14
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Yue L, Su YL, Li M, Yu L, Montgomery SM, Sun X, Finn MG, Gutekunst WR, Ramprasad R, Qi HJ. One-Pot Synthesis of Depolymerizable δ-Lactone Based Vitrimers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300954. [PMID: 37060583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A depolymerizable vitrimer that allows both reprocessability and monomer recovery by a simple and scalable one-pot two-step synthesis of vitrimers from cyclic lactones is reported. Biobased δ-valerolactone with alkyl substituents (δ-lactone) has low ceiling temperature; thus, their ring-opening-polymerized aliphatic polyesters are capable of depolymerizing back to monomers. In this work, the amorphous poly(δ-lactone) is solidified into an elastomer (i.e., δ-lactone vitrimer) by a vinyl ether cross-linker with dynamic acetal linkages, giving the merits of reprocessing and healing. Thermolysis of the bulk δ-lactone vitrimer at 200 °C can recover 85-90 wt% of the material, allowing reuse without losing value and achieving a successful closed-loop life cycle. It further demonstrates that the new vitrimer has excellent properties, with the potential to serve as a biobased and sustainable replacement of conventional soft elastomers for various applications such as lenses, mold materials, soft robots, and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mingzhe Li
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Luxia Yu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - S Macrae Montgomery
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiaohao Sun
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Will R Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Rewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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15
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Li B, Wang S, Loh XJ, Li Z, Chung TS. Closed-loop recyclable membranes enabled by covalent adaptable networks for water purification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301009120. [PMID: 37011185 PMCID: PMC10104506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301009120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the state-of-the-art membrane industry, membranes have linear life cycles and are commonly disposed of by landfill or incineration, sacrificing their sustainability. To date, little or no thought is given in the design phase to the end-of-life management of membranes. For the first time, we have innovated high-performance sustainable membranes, which can be closed-loop recycled after long-term usage for water purification. By synergizing membrane technology and dynamic covalent chemistry, covalent adaptable networks (CANs) with thermally reversible Diels-Alder (DA) adducts were synthesized and employed to fabricate integrally skinned asymmetric membranes via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation technique. Due to the stable and reversible features of CAN, the closed-loop recyclable membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties and thermal and chemical stabilities as well as separation performance, which are comparable to or even higher than the state-of-the-art nonrecyclable membranes. Moreover, the used membranes can be closed-loop recycled with consistent properties and separation performance by depolymerization to remove contaminants, followed by refabrication into new membranes through the dissociation and reformation of DA adducts. This study may fill in the gaps in closed-loop recycling of membranes and inspire the advancement of sustainable membranes for a green membrane industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofan Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore627833, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore627833, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tai-Shung Chung
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
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16
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In-situ forming dynamic covalently crosslinked nanofibers with one-pot closed-loop recyclability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1182. [PMID: 36864024 PMCID: PMC9981754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanofibers are attractive nanomaterials owing to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio and superior flexibility. However, a difficult choice between durability and recyclability continues to hamper efforts to design new polymeric nanofibers. Herein, we integrate the concept of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) to produce a class of nanofibers ⎯ referred to dynamic covalently crosslinked nanofibers (DCCNFs) via electrospinning systems with viscosity modulation and in-situ crosslinking. The developed DCCNFs possess homogeneous morphology, flexibility, mechanical robustness, and creep resistance, as well as good thermal and solvent stability. Moreover, to solve the inevitable issues of performance degradation and crack of nanofibrous membranes, DCCNF membranes can be one-pot closed-loop recycled or welded through thermal-reversible Diels-Alder reaction. This study may unlock strategies to fabricate the next generation nanofibers with recyclable features and consistently high performance via dynamic covalent chemistry for intelligent and sustainable applications.
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17
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Toendepi I, Zhu S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Wei Y, Liu W. Synthesis and structure-property relationship of epoxy vitrimers containing different acetal structures. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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18
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Yin Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Duan B, Xin Z, Bao C. Mechanically Strong and Tough Poly(urea-urethane) Thermosets Capable of Being Degraded under Mild Condition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200765. [PMID: 36419259 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of degradable polymeric materials such as degradable polyurethane or polyurea has been much highlighted for resource conservation and environmental protection. Herein, a facile strategy of constructing mechanically strong and tough poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) thermosets that can be degraded under mild conditions by using triple boron-urethane bonds (TBUB) as cross-linkers is demonstrated. By tailoring the molecular weight of the soft segment of the prepolymers, the mechanical performance can be finely controlled. Based on the cross-linking of TBUB units and hydrogen-binding interactions between TBUB linkages, the as-prepared PUU thermosets have excellent mechanical strength of ≈40.2 MPa and toughness of ≈304.9 MJ m-3 . Typically, the PBUU900 strip can lift a barbell with 60 000 times its own weight, showing excellent load-bearing capacity. Meanwhile, owing to the covalent cross-linking of TBUB units, all the PUU thermosets show initial decomposition temperatures over 290 °C, which are comparable to those of the traditional thermosets. Moreover, the TBUB cross-linked PUU thermosets can be easily degraded in a mild acid solution. The small pieces of the PBUU sample can be fully decomposed in 1 m HCl/THF solution for 3.5 h at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xuhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Baorong Duan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhirong Xin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chunyang Bao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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19
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Upadhyay C, Ojha U. Stress-Induced Shape-Shifting Materials Possessing Autonomous Self-Healing and Scratch-Resistant Ability. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201082. [PMID: 36637865 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) capable of both shape-shifting and self-healing ability offer a viable alternative to 4D printing technology to gain access to various complex shapes in a simplified manner. However, most of the reported CANs exhibit shape-shifting ability in the presence of temperature, light or chemical stimuli, which restricts their further utilization as realization of such a controlled environment is not feasible under complex scenarios. Herewith, we report a set of CANs based on a room-temperature exchangeable thia-Michael adduct, which undergoes rearrangement in network topology on application of external stress. These CANs with tensile strength (≤6 MPa) and modulus (≤71.4 MPa) adopt to any programmed shape under application of nominal stress. The CANs also exhibit stress-induced recyclability, self-welding and self-healing ability under ambient conditions. The transparency and ambient condition self-healing ability render these CANs to be utilized as scratch-resistant coatings on display items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Bahadurpur, UP, 229304, India
| | - Umaprasana Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Bahadurpur, UP, 229304, India
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20
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Hu K, Wang B, Xu X, Su Y, Zhang W, Zhou S, Zhang C, Zhu J, Ma S. Dual-Dynamic Chemistries-Based Fast-Reprocessing and High-Performance Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200726. [PMID: 36250433 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possess multiple functions including reprocessing (or recyclability), self-healing, welding, shape shifting, 3D printing, etc., due to the network rearrangement from dynamic bonds, and favorable performance from their cross-linked feature, and they are supposed to be as sustainable alternatives to thermosets. However, the thermal and mechanical properties, and stability of CANs are often sacrificed for rapid network rearrangement. In this paper, fast-reprocessing CANs with high performance are facilely constructed by in situ polymerization and dynamic cross-linking of styrene (St), maleic anhydride (MA), and acetal diol (BHAD). The rigid and hydrophobic polymer backbone endow the materials with high glass transition temperatures, mechanical performance, and water resistance. Besides, carboxylic group-catalyzed dual dynamic ester and acetal-based networks exhibit faster stress relaxation and realize extrusion reprocessing. This work provides an ingenious and simple strategy of construction of CANs combining rapid network rearrangement and excellent comprehensive performance, which is beneficial for the application of CANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Sican Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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21
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Bai J, Shi Z. Dynamic Covalent Structure for the Design of Recyclable Polyurethane Based on the Diketone Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200663. [PMID: 36271744 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the rational design of an enaminone compound is reported which can be easily and conveniently designed and obtained via the reaction of amine and diketone. The dynamic enaminoneamide structure is formed via the reaction between isocyanate and enaminone in fabricating a novel dynamic crosslinked polyurethane. The new kind of polyurethane can be efficiently recycled via the shifting between crosslinked structure and oligomer for the reversible dissociation of the enaminoneamide structure. Besides remolding itself via the thermal treatment, oligomers liberated from recycled-polyurethane can directly take part in constructing a new polyurethane without further purification. Therefore, the recyclability of this polyurethane shows high-value characteristics. The ease with which polyurethane can be produced, used, recycled, and reused without losing value offers a new green solution in designing sustainable polymer materials with a high economic value and a minimal environmental burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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22
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Hu J, Feng H, Rong Y, Wang S, Jin D, Chen Q, Dai J, Liu X. Recyclable bio‐based epoxy resins containing hybrid cross‐linking networks. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Feng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Yangke Rong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies of Zhejiang Province Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaipeng Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies of Zhejiang Province Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Jin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies of Zhejiang Province Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyue Dai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies of Zhejiang Province Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies of Zhejiang Province Ningbo People's Republic of China
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23
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Husted KEL, Brown CM, Shieh P, Kevlishvili I, Kristufek SL, Zafar H, Accardo JV, Cooper JC, Klausen RS, Kulik HJ, Moore JS, Sottos NR, Kalow JA, Johnson JA. Remolding and Deconstruction of Industrial Thermosets via Carboxylic Acid-Catalyzed Bifunctional Silyl Ether Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1916-1923. [PMID: 36637230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Convenient strategies for the deconstruction and reprocessing of thermosets could improve the circularity of these materials, but most approaches developed to date do not involve established, high-performance engineering materials. Here, we show that bifunctional silyl ether, i.e., R'O-SiR2-OR'', (BSE)-based comonomers generate covalent adaptable network analogues of the industrial thermoset polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) through a novel BSE exchange process facilitated by the low-cost food-safe catalyst octanoic acid. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations suggest an exchange mechanism involving silyl ester intermediates with formation rates that strongly depend on the Si-R2 substituents. As a result, pDCPD thermosets manufactured with BSE comonomers display temperature- and time-dependent stress relaxation as a function of their substituents. Moreover, bulk remolding of pDCPD thermosets is enabled for the first time. Altogether, this work presents a new approach toward the installation of exchangeable bonds into commercial thermosets and establishes acid-catalyzed BSE exchange as a versatile addition to the toolbox of dynamic covalent chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E L Husted
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph V Accardo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 61820, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of intrinsically recyclable biobased epoxy thermosets enabled by dynamic chemical bonds. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2080559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Yang Y, Xia Z, Huang L, Wu R, Niu Z, Fan W, Dai Q, He J, Bai C. Renewable Vanillin-Based Thermoplastic Polybutadiene Rubber: High Strength, Recyclability, Self-Welding, Shape Memory, and Antibacterial Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47025-47035. [PMID: 36214770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of traditional vulcanized rubber products are insoluble and infusible, which is difficult to reprocess and biodegrade, resulting in black pollution. In addition, although most rubber materials based on covalent adaptive networks (CANs) can achieve structural reconstruction, the lack of traditional vulcanization system leads to a decline in strength. In this study, biobased vanillin derivatives (PV) were synthesized to cross-link the commercially available 1,2-polybutadiene rubber precursor to construct imine-based CANs, thereby fabricating a resource-renewable, recyclable, and degradable high-performance rubber material. Due to the rigid tripod structure of the PV, the tensile strength of the material can achieve as high as 16.24 MPa, ranking among the best in the field of recyclable polybutadiene-based materials. Benefiting from the dynamic imine unit, the "dynamic covalent bridge" can be re-established to repair the damaged network and endow the material with excellent weldability. And, shape memory faculty of the material was proved and depicted. Moreover, this material displayed excellent antibacterial property originates from the introduced Schiff-base structure. By mixing with graphene, the application of action sensors can also be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Jianyun He
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
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26
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Geng Z, Pang A, Ding T, Guo X, Yang R, Luo Y, Zhai J. Overlooked Impact of Interchain H-Bonding between Cross-Links on the Mechanical Properties of Thermoset Polyurethane Elastomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuai Geng
- School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Aimin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Chemical Power Technology, Xiangyang441003, China
| | - Tengfei Ding
- School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
- BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing100176, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Jinxian Zhai
- School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
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27
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Reprocessable and degradable bio-based polyurethane by molecular design engineering with extraordinary mechanical properties for recycling carbon fiber. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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29
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Debnath S, Upadhyay C, Ojha U. Healable, Recyclable, and Programmable Shape Memory Organogels Based on Highly Malleable Catalyst-Free Carboxylate Linkages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9618-9631. [PMID: 35148046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of healable and recyclable organogels possessing responsive abilities is mainly hindered by the unavailability of many dynamic covalent linkages that undergo exchange reaction below the boiling temperature of organic swelling medium. Furthermore, the exchange is desired to be effective under catalyst-free conditions to circumvent the issue of catalyst leaching during the swelling process. Especially, imparting swift reversibility to thermostable carboxylate linkages is challenging. In this approach, we have utilized the β-keto anchimeric assistance as the tool to induce swift reversibility into the conventional carboxylate linkage under mild temperature (∼70-90 °C) and catalyst-free conditions. Using this β-keto carboxylate linkage as an associative bond exchange mean, strong (tensile strength = 0.3 MPa) and stretchable (ultimate elongation ≈ 600%) covalent adaptable organogels (CAOs) with anisotropic swelling, remoldable, self-healing, and shape memory ability are derived from commercially available precursors. The shape memory ability of these samples shows dependency on the shape fixing time and can be programmed, targeting further applications. Soft actuators may be fabricated from the CAOs using temperature and solvent as the activating tools. This research demonstrates that the conventional carboxylate linkages can be made labile under mild conditions for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Bahadurpur, Harbanshganj, Jais 229304, India
| | - Chandan Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Bahadurpur, Harbanshganj, Jais 229304, India
| | - Umaprasana Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Bahadurpur, Harbanshganj, Jais 229304, India
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30
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Xu X, Ma S, Wang S, Wang B, Feng H, Li P, Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhu J. Fast-reprocessing, Post-adjustable, Self-healing Covalent Adaptable Networks with Schiff base and Diels-Alder Adduct. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100777. [PMID: 35018694 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are a new type of polymers which possess excellent performance of thermosets and reprocessability of thermoplastics. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to realize rapid reprocessing and post-adjusting (adjust properties after preparation). Herein, for the first time, a method of combining Schiff base and Diels-Alder adduct in one network was developed to achieve rapid reprocessing and post-adjusting. Through the dissociation of the Diels-Alder adduct at high temperatures, the cross-link densities of the networks were reduced, thereby accelerating the rearrangement of the networks and realizing the rapid reprocessing and self-healing. Moreover, the reconnecting degree of network after dissociation of Diels-Alder adduct could be easily controlled by annealing, as a result, the properties of the obtained CANs were post-adjustable. This work provides a simple and promising approach of achieving excellent reprocessing and post-adjusting for CANs via the synergism of an associative dynamic chemistry with a dissociative dynamic chemistry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Xu
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key laboratory of bio-based polymeric materials technology and application of Zhejiang province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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31
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Li Q, Ma S, Li P, Wang B, Yu Z, Feng H, Liu Y, Zhu J. Fast Reprocessing of Acetal Covalent Adaptable Networks with High Performance Enabled by Neighboring Group Participation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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32
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Wei Z, Wang Y, Fu X, Jiang L, Wang Y, Yuan A, Xu H, Lei J. Recyclable and Reprocessable Thermosetting Polyurea with High Performance Based on Diels-Alder Dynamic Covalent Crosslinking. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Nellepalli P, Patel T, Oh JK. Dynamic Covalent Polyurethane Network Materials: Synthesis and Self-Healability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100391. [PMID: 34418209 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) has not only been widely used in the daily lives, but also extensively explored as an important class of the essential polymers for various applications. In recent years, significant efforts have been made on the development of self-healable PU materials that possess high performance, extended lifetime, great reliability, and recyclability. A promising approach is the incorporation of covalent dynamic bonds into the design of PU covalently crosslinked polymers and thermoplastic elastomers that can dissociate and reform indefinitely in response to external stimuli or autonomously. This review summarizes various strategies to synthesize self-healable, reprocessable, and recyclable PU materials integrated with dynamic (reversible) Diels-Alder cycloadduct, disulfide, diselenide, imine, boronic ester, and hindered urea bond. Furthermore, various approaches utilizing the combination of dynamic covalent chemistries with nanofiller surface chemistries are described for the fabrication of dynamic heterogeneous PU composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pothanagandhi Nellepalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Twinkal Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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34
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Abstract
This review examines recent strategies, challenges, and future opportunities in preparing high-performance polymeric materials from lignin and its derivable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett F. Bass
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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