1
|
Wang L, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field-effect transistors and functional circuits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:795-835. [PMID: 36562312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in many areas, and can withstand large deformations and form close contact with curved surfaces. Stretchable conductors are vital components of stretchable electronic devices used in wearables, soft robots, and human-machine interactions. Recent advances in stretchable conductors have motivated basic scientific and technological research efforts. Here, we outline and analyse the development of stretchable conductors in transistors and circuits, and examine advances in materials, device engineering, and preparation technologies. We divide the existing approaches to constructing stretchable transistors with stretchable conductors into the following two types: geometric engineering and intrinsic stretchability engineering. Finally, we consider the challenges and outlook in this field for delivering stretchable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu WN, Tu TH, Pai CH, Cheng KH, Tung SH, Chan YT, Liu CL. Metallo-Supramolecular Rod–Coil Block Copolymer Thin Films for Stretchable Organic Field Effect Transistor Application. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ni Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Pai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Heng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han SS, Ko TJ, Shawkat MS, Shum AK, Bae TS, Chung HS, Ma J, Sattar S, Hafiz SB, Mahfuz MMA, Mofid SA, Larsson JA, Oh KH, Ko DK, Jung Y. Peel-and-Stick Integration of Atomically Thin Nonlayered PtS Semiconductors for Multidimensionally Stretchable Electronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20268-20279. [PMID: 35442029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various near-atom-thickness two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals with unparalleled electromechanical properties have been explored for transformative devices. Currently, the availability of 2D vdW crystals is rather limited in nature as they are only obtained from certain mother crystals with intrinsically possessed layered crystallinity and anisotropic molecular bonding. Recent efforts to transform conventionally non-vdW three-dimensional (3D) crystals into ultrathin 2D-like structures have seen rapid developments to explore device building blocks of unique form factors. Herein, we explore a "peel-and-stick" approach, where a nonlayered 3D platinum sulfide (PtS) crystal, traditionally known as a cooperate mineral material, is transformed into a freestanding 2D-like membrane for electromechanical applications. The ultrathin (∼10 nm) 3D PtS films grown on large-area (>cm2) silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) wafers are precisely "peeled" inside water retaining desired geometries via a capillary-force-driven surface wettability control. Subsequently, they are "sticked" on strain-engineered patterned substrates presenting prominent semiconducting properties, i.e., p-type transport with an optical band gap of ∼1.24 eV. A variety of mechanically deformable strain-invariant electronic devices have been demonstrated by this peel-and-stick method, including biaxially stretchable photodetectors and respiratory sensing face masks. This study offers new opportunities of 2D-like nonlayered semiconducting crystals for emerging mechanically reconfigurable and stretchable device technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Sub Han
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Mashiyat Sumaiya Shawkat
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | | | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Shahid Sattar
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Shihab Bin Hafiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mohammad M Al Mahfuz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Sohrab Alex Mofid
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - J Andreas Larsson
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyun Ko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chitrakar C, Hedrick E, Adegoke L, Ecker M. Flexible and Stretchable Bioelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1664. [PMID: 35268893 PMCID: PMC8911085 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medical science technology has improved tremendously over the decades with the invention of robotic surgery, gene editing, immune therapy, etc. However, scientists are now recognizing the significance of 'biological circuits' i.e., bodily innate electrical systems for the healthy functioning of the body or for any disease conditions. Therefore, the current trend in the medical field is to understand the role of these biological circuits and exploit their advantages for therapeutic purposes. Bioelectronics, devised with these aims, work by resetting, stimulating, or blocking the electrical pathways. Bioelectronics are also used to monitor the biological cues to assess the homeostasis of the body. In a way, they bridge the gap between drug-based interventions and medical devices. With this in mind, scientists are now working towards developing flexible and stretchable miniaturized bioelectronics that can easily conform to the tissue topology, are non-toxic, elicit no immune reaction, and address the issues that drugs are unable to solve. Since the bioelectronic devices that come in contact with the body or body organs need to establish an unobstructed interface with the respective site, it is crucial that those bioelectronics are not only flexible but also stretchable for constant monitoring of the biological signals. Understanding the challenges of fabricating soft stretchable devices, we review several flexible and stretchable materials used as substrate, stretchable electrical conduits and encapsulation, design modifications for stretchability, fabrication techniques, methods of signal transmission and monitoring, and the power sources for these stretchable bioelectronics. Ultimately, these bioelectronic devices can be used for wide range of applications from skin bioelectronics and biosensing devices, to neural implants for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie Ecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (C.C.); (E.H.); (L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiong Y, Han J, Wang Y, Wang ZL, Sun Q. Emerging Iontronic Sensing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9867378. [PMID: 36072274 PMCID: PMC9414182 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9867378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Iontronic sensors represent a novel class of soft electronics which not only replicate the biomimetic structures and perception functions of human skin but also simulate the mechanical sensing mechanism. Relying on the similar mechanism with skin perception, the iontronic sensors can achieve ion migration/redistribution in response to external stimuli, promising iontronic sensing to establish more intelligent sensing interface for human-robotic interaction. Here, a comprehensive review on advanced technologies and diversified applications for the exploitation of iontronic sensors toward ionic skins and artificial intelligence is provided. By virtue of the excellent stretchability, high transparency, ultrahigh sensitivity, and mechanical conformality, numerous attempts have been made to explore various novel ionic materials to fabricate iontronic sensors with skin-like perceptive properties, such as self-healing and multimodal sensing. Moreover, to achieve multifunctional artificial skins and intelligent devices, various mechanisms based on iontronics have been investigated to satisfy multiple functions and human interactive experiences. Benefiting from the unique material property, diverse sensing mechanisms, and elaborate device structure, iontronic sensors have demonstrated a variety of applications toward ionic skins and artificial intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiong
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Han
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA
| | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Mun J, Chen G, Schuster NJ, Wang W, Zheng Y, Nikzad S, Lai JC, Wu Y, Zhong D, Lin Y, Lei Y, Chen Y, Gam S, Chung JW, Yun Y, Tok JBH, Bao Z. A Design Strategy for Intrinsically Stretchable High-Performance Polymer Semiconductors: Incorporating Conjugated Rigid Fused-Rings with Bulky Side Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11679-11689. [PMID: 34284578 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to improve stretchability of polymer semiconductors, such as introducing flexible conjugation-breakers or adding flexible blocks, usually result in degraded electrical properties. In this work, we propose a concept to address this limitation, by introducing conjugated rigid fused-rings with optimized bulky side groups and maintaining a conjugated polymer backbone. Specifically, we investigated two classes of rigid fused-ring systems, namely, benzene-substituted dibenzothiopheno[6,5-b:6',5'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (Ph-DBTTT) and indacenodithiophene (IDT) systems, and identified molecules displaying optimized electrical and mechanical properties. In the IDT system, the polymer PIDT-3T-OC12-10% showed promising electrical and mechanical properties. In fully stretchable transistors, the polymer PIDT-3T-OC12-10% showed a mobility of 0.27 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 75% strain and maintained its mobility after being subjected to hundreds of stretching-releasing cycles at 25% strain. Our results underscore the intimate correlation between chemical structures, mechanical properties, and charge carrier mobility for polymer semiconductors. Our described molecular design approach will help to expedite the next generation of intrinsically stretchable high-performance polymer semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Schuster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yusheng Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sangah Gam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao F, Yuan Y, Ding Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang G, Gu X, Qiu L. Taming Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Conjugated Polymers with Linear Siloxane Side Chains. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengsheng Zhao
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yafei Ding
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding Z, Liu D, Zhao K, Han Y. Optimizing Morphology to Trade Off Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Ma Y, Huang Y. Material innovation and mechanics design for substrates and encapsulation of flexible electronics: a review. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:383-400. [PMID: 34821261 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in materials and mechanics designs have led to the development of flexible electronics, which have important applications to human healthcare due to their good biocompatibility and conformal integration with biological tissue. Material innovation and mechanics design have played a key role in designing the substrates and encapsulations of flexible electronics for various bio-integrated systems. This review first introduces the inorganic materials and novel organic materials used for the substrates and encapsulation of flexible electronics, and summarizes their mechanics properties, permeability and optical transmission properties. The structural designs of the substrates are then introduced to ensure the reliability of flexible electronics, including the patterned and pre-strained designs to improve the stretchability, and the strain-isolation and -limiting substrates to reduce the deformation. Some emerging encapsulations are presented to protect the flexible electronics from degradation, environmental erosion or contamination, though they may slightly reduce the stretchability of flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MA, Li H, Moon S, Han SS, Chung HS, Ma J, Yoo C, Ko TJ, Oh KH, Jung Y, Jung Y. Vertically Aligned 2D MoS 2 Layers with Strain-Engineered Serpentine Patterns for High-Performance Stretchable Gas Sensors: Experimental and Theoretical Demonstration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53174-53183. [PMID: 33180481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with vertically aligned (VA) layers exhibits significantly enriched surface-exposed edge sites with an abundance of dangling bonds owing to its intrinsic crystallographic anisotropy. Such structural variation renders the material with exceptionally high chemical reactivity and chemisorption ability, making it particularly attractive for high-performance electrochemical sensing. This superior property can be further promoted as far as it is integrated on mechanically stretchable substrates well retaining its surface-exposed defective edges, projecting opportunities for a wide range of applications utilizing its structural uniqueness and mechanical flexibility. In this work, we explored VA-2D MoS2 layers configured in laterally stretchable forms for multifunctional nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors. Large-area (>cm2) VA-2D MoS2 layers grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were directly integrated onto a variety of flexible substrates with serpentine patterns judiciously designed to accommodate a large degree of tensile strain. These uniquely structured VA-2D MoS2 layers were demonstrated to be highly sensitive to NO2 gas of controlled concentration preserving their intrinsic structural and chemical integrity, e.g., significant current response ratios of ∼160-380% upon the introduction of NO2 at a level of 5-30 ppm. Remarkably, they exhibited such a high sensitivity even under lateral stretching up to 40% strain, significantly outperforming previously reported 2D MoS2 layer-based NO2 gas sensors of any structural forms. Underlying principles for the experimentally observed superiority were theoretically unveiled by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and finite element method (FEM) analysis. The intrinsic high sensitivity and large stretchability of VA-2D MoS2 layers confirmed in this study are believed to be applicable in sensing diverse gas species, greatly broadening their versatility in stretchable and wearable technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Seokjin Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Sub Han
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Changhyeon Yoo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Tae-Jun Ko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin YC, Chen CK, Chiang YC, Hung CC, Fu MC, Inagaki S, Chueh CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Study on Intrinsic Stretchability of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers with Poly(acryl amide) Side Chains for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33014-33027. [PMID: 32536156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of a π-conjugated polymer with hydrogen-bonding moieties has aroused great attention because of the improved molecular stacking and the hydrogen-bonding network. In this study, PDPPTVT (diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophenevinylenethiophene) and PDPPSe (diketopyrrolopyrrole-selenophene) alkylated with a carbosilane (SiC8) side chain and poly(acryl amide) (PAM)-incorporated alkyl side chain were prepared, and their structure-performance and structure-stretchability correlation were evaluated. By incorporating the DPPTVT backbone and 0, 5, 10, or 20% PAM-incorporated alkyl side chain, the μh value could reach 2.0, 0.97, 0.74, and 0.42 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively (P1 to P4). The polymer with the PDPPSe backbone and 5% PAM-incorporated alkyl side-chain (P5) exhibited the maximum μh value of 0.96 cm2 V-1 s-1. By extending the PAM moiety from the backbone with alkyl spacers, the solid-state packing and edge-on orientation can be properly maintained. Surprisingly, the PAM-incorporated alkyl side-chain can provide a hydrogen-bonding network serving as sacrificial bonding to mechanical deformation. Therefore, the relevant changes in the crystallographic parameters including the crystalline size and the in-plane π-π stacking distance with a 100% external strain were less than 4 and 0.8%, respectively, from P1 to P3. Therefore, P3 achieved an excellent stretchability while maintaining its molecular orientation and charge-transporting performance. Even with 100% external strain, P3 still provided an orthogonal μh over 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1. Moreover, by substituting the TVT moiety with the Se moiety, the ductility of the backbone can be further increased when the elastic modulus decreases from 0.80 to 0.36 GPa for P2 to P5. The achieved high μh retention is over 20% after 500 stretching-releasing cycles with a 60% external strain perpendicular to the channel direction for the polymer composed of PDPPSe and 5% PAM content. The results manifest that our newly designed DPP with the PAM-incorporated alkyl side chain provides a promising approach to promote the intrinsic stretchability of the π-conjugated polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chun Fu
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Inagaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu YS, Lin YC, Hung SY, Chen CK, Chiang YC, Chueh CC, Chen WC. Investigation of the Mobility–Stretchability Relationship of Ester-Substituted Polythiophene Derivatives. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cao PF, Li B, Yang G, Zhao S, Townsend J, Xing K, Qiang Z, Vogiatzis KD, Sokolov AP, Nanda J, Saito T. Elastic Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes: Toward a Versatile Approach for Intrinsically Stretchable Functional Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jacob Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | | | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ashizawa M, Zheng Y, Tran H, Bao Z. Intrinsically stretchable conjugated polymer semiconductors in field effect transistors. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Lin YC, Chen FH, Chiang YC, Chueh CC, Chen WC. Asymmetric Side-Chain Engineering of Isoindigo-Based Polymers for Improved Stretchability and Applications in Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34158-34170. [PMID: 31441307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thus far, there is still no study systematically investigating the influence of asymmetric side-chain design on a polymer's stretchability and its associated stretchable device applications. Herein, three kinds of asymmetric side chains consisting of carbosilane side chain (Si-C8), siloxane-terminated side chain (SiO-C8), and decyltetradecane side chain (DT) are engineered in isoindigo-bithiophene (PII2T, P1-P3) and isoindigo-difluorobithiophene (PII2TF, P4-P6) conjugated polymers, and their structure-stretchability correlation is explored in field-effect transistor characterization. It is revealed that owing to the geometric difference between the side chains, different asymmetric side-chain combinations impose distinct influences on the molecular stacking and orientation of the derived polymers. Surprisingly, the combination of asymmetric side chains and backbone fluorination is shown to deliver the best stretchability and mechanical durability of the derived polymer. Consequently, P6 consisting of asymmetric Si-C8/DT side chains and fluorinated backbone possesses the best mobility preservation of 81% at 100% strain with the stretching force perpendicular to the charge-transporting direction. Moreover, it presents 90% mobility retention after 400 stretching-releasing cycles with 60% strain, greatly exceeding the value (36%) of the non-fluorinated counterpart (P3). Our results suggest that the rational design of asymmetric side chains and backbone fluorination provides an efficient way to enhance the intrinsic stretchability of conjugated polymers.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chiang YC, Wu HC, Wen HF, Hung CC, Hong CW, Kuo CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Tailoring Carbosilane Side Chains toward Intrinsically Stretchable Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han-Fang Wen
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dauzon E, Mansour AE, Niazi MR, Munir R, Smilgies DM, Sallenave X, Plesse C, Goubard F, Amassian A. Conducting and Stretchable PEDOT:PSS Electrodes: Role of Additives on Self-Assembly, Morphology, and Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17570-17582. [PMID: 30983315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The addition of dimethylsulfoxide and Zonyl into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) can be combined to achieve excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that it is possible to produce highly transparent conducting electrodes (FoM > 35) with low Young's modulus and high carrier density. We investigated the relationship between the transport properties of PEDOT:PSS and the morphology and microstructure of these films by performing Hall effect measurement, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). Our analysis reveals the distinctive impact of the two additives on the PEDOT and PSS components in the solid-state PEDOT:PSS films. Both additives induce fibrillar formation in the film, and the combination of the two additives only enhances the fibrillary nature and the aggregations of both PEDOT and PSS components of the film. In situ GIWAXS allows to time-resolve the morphology evolution. Our analysis reveals the influence of additives on the aggregation and self-assembly behaviors of the PEDOT and PSS components. Aggregation occurs during the transition from wet to dry film, which is observed exclusively during the thermal annealing step of the as-cast hydrated film. These results indicate that the additives directly influence the self-assembly behaviors of PEDOT and PSS during the ink-to-solid phase transformation of the hydrated film, which occurs primarily during the initial seconds of post-deposition thermal annealing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauzon
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Ahmed E Mansour
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad R Niazi
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahim Munir
- Organic Electronics & Photovoltaics Group, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xavier Sallenave
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Cedric Plesse
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces , Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 95000 Cergy , France
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tran H, Feig VR, Liu K, Zheng Y, Bao Z. Polymer Chemistries Underpinning Materials for Skin-Inspired Electronics. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Lin YC, Shih CC, Chiang YC, Chen CK, Chen WC. Intrinsically stretchable isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated copolymers using poly(acrylate amide) side chains for organic field-effect transistors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated copolymers for organic field-effect transistors with high carrier mobility were achieved using hydrogen-bonded poly(acrylate amide) side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
| | - Yun-Chih Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiang YC, Kobayashi S, Isono T, Shih CC, Shingu T, Hung CC, Hsieh HC, Tung SH, Satoh T, Chen WC. Effect of a conjugated/elastic block sequence on the morphology and electronic properties of polythiophene based stretchable block copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, morphology, and electronic properties of intrinsically stretchable AB-type, ABA-type, and BAB-type block copolymers (BCPs) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT: A block) and elastic poly(octylene oxide) (POO: B block).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Saburo Kobayashi
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Tomoki Shingu
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang C, Wang C, Huang Z, Xu S. Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801368. [PMID: 30073715 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soft electronics are intensively studied as the integration of electronics with dynamic nonplanar surfaces has become necessary. Here, a discussion of the strategies in materials innovation and structural design to build soft electronic devices and systems is provided. For each strategy, the presentation focuses on the fundamental materials science and mechanics, and example device applications are highlighted where possible. Finally, perspectives on the key challenges and future directions of this field are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chonghe Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhenlong Huang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chiang YC, Shih CC, Tung SH, Chen WC. Blends of polythiophene nanowire/fluorine rubber with multiscale phase separation suitable for stretchable semiconductors. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Wang GJN, Molina-Lopez F, Zhang H, Xu J, Wu HC, Lopez J, Shaw L, Mun J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Ehrlich A, Bao Z. Nonhalogenated Solvent Processable and Printable High-Performance Polymer Semiconductor Enabled by Isomeric Nonconjugated Flexible Linkers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ging-Ji Nathan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Francisco Molina-Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Leo Shaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Anatol Ehrlich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hung CC, Nakahira S, Chiu YC, Isono T, Wu HC, Watanabe K, Chiang YC, Takashima S, Borsali R, Tung SH, Satoh T, Chen WC. Control over Molecular Architectures of Carbohydrate-Based Block Copolymers for Stretchable Electrical Memory Devices. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Nakahira
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Kodai Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Shoichi Takashima
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, He K, Chen G, Leow WR, Chen X. Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12893-12941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hayashi S, Asano A, Kamiya N, Yokomori Y, Maeda T, Koizumi T. Fluorescent organic single crystals with elastic bending flexibility: 1,4-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene derivatives. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9453. [PMID: 28842693 PMCID: PMC5573333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic single crystals with elastic bending flexibility are rare because they are generally brittle. We report here fluorescent organic single crystals based on thiophene-tetrafluorobenzene-thiophene derivatives, mainly 1,4-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene. Three derivatives were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Stille or direct arylation pathways). The crystallization of the derivatives gave large (mm- or cm-scale) crystals. Two crystals of 1,4-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, 1, and 1,4-bis(4-methylthien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, 3, bent under applied stress and quickly recovered its original shape upon relaxation. The other crystal of 1,4-bis(5-methylthien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, 2, showed brittle breakage under applied stress (normal behavior). Fibril lamella crystal structure based on criss-cross packed slip-stacked molecular wires and its structural integrity are important factors for the design and production of next generation crystal materials with elastic bending flexibility. Furthermore, mechanical bending-relaxation resulted in reversible change of the morphology and fluorescence (mechanofluorochromism). Such bendable crystals would lead to the next generation solid-state fluorescent and/or semiconducting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Yokomori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Takuto Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Toshio Koizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu C, Lee WY, Shih CC, Wen MY, Chen WC. Stretchable Polymer Dielectrics for Low-Voltage-Driven Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25522-25532. [PMID: 28665108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable and mechanical robust field-effect transistor is essential for soft wearable electronics. To realize stretchable transistors, elastic dielectrics with small current hysteresis, high elasticity, and high dielectric constants are the critical factor for low-voltage-driven devices. Here, we demonstrate the polar elastomer consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP):poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP). Owing to the high dielectric constant of PVDF-HFP, the device can be operated under less than 5 V and shows a linear-regime hole mobility as high as 0.199 cm2 V-1 s-1 without significant current hysteresis. Specifically, the PVDF-HFP:PVP blends induce the vertical phase separation and significantly reduce current leakage and reduce the crystallization of PVDF segments, which can contribute current hysteresis in the OFET characteristics. All-stretchable OFETs based on these PVDF-HFP:PVP dielectrics were fabricated. The device can still keep the hole mobility of approximately 0.1 cm2/(V s) under a low operation voltage of 3 V even as stretched with 80% strain. Finally, we successfully fabricate a low-voltage-driven stretchable transistor. The low voltage operating under strains is the desirable characteristics for soft and comfortable wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Yu Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wen HF, Wu HC, Aimi J, Hung CC, Chiang YC, Kuo CC, Chen WC. Soft Poly(butyl acrylate) Side Chains toward Intrinsically Stretchable Polymeric Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistor Applications. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Fang Wen
- Institute
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | | | - Junko Aimi
- Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | | | | | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Root SE, Savagatrup S, Printz AD, Rodriquez D, Lipomi DJ. Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors for Stretchable, Highly Flexible, and Mechanically Robust Electronics. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6467-6499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun T, Scott JI, Wang M, Kline RJ, Bazan G, O'Connor BT. Reversible Plastic Deformation of Polymer Blends as a Means to Achieve Stretchable Organic Transistors. ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2017; 3:1600388. [PMID: 28690975 PMCID: PMC5497511 DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201600388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable semiconductors will facilitate the realization of seamlessly integrated stretchable electronics. However, to date demonstrations of intrinsically stretchable semiconductors have been limited. In this study, a new approach to achieve intrinsically stretchable semiconductors is introduced by blending a rigid high-performance donor-acceptor polymer semiconductor poly[4(4,4dihexadecyl4Hcyclopenta [1,2b:5,4b' ] dithiopen2yl) alt [1,2,5] thiadiazolo [3,4c] pyridine] (PCDTPT) with a ductile polymer semiconductor poly(3hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Under large tensile strains of up to 75%, the polymers are shown to orient in the direction of strain, and when the strain is reduced, the polymers reversibly deform. During cyclic strain, the local packing order of the polymers is shown to be remarkably stable. The saturated field effect charge mobility is shown to be consistently above 0.04 cm2 V-1s-1 for up to 100 strain cycles with strain ranging from 10% to 75% when the film is printed onto a rigid test bed. At the 75% strain state, the charge mobility is consistently above 0.15 cm2 V-1s-1. Ultimately, the polymer blend process introduced here results in an excellent combination of device performance and stretchability providing an effective approach to achieve intrinsically stretchable semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Joshua I Scott
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - R Joseph Kline
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899, USA
| | - Guillermo Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang X, Gu S, Cai Z, Sun W, Tan L, Dong L, Wang L, Liu Z, Chen W, Li J. Multi-vinyl linked benzothiadiazole conjugated polymers: high performance, low crystalline material for transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8176-8179. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multi-vinyl linked conjugated polymerPTBTVexhibits a hole mobility of up to 3.2 cm2V−1s−1with relatively low crystallinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
| | - Shilei Gu
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Wandong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Luxi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Lichun Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering
| | - Jing Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing 400714
- China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim S, Lee SJ, Cho S, Shin S, Jeong U, Myoung JM. Improved stability of transparent PEDOT:PSS/Ag nanowire hybrid electrodes by using non-ionic surfactants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8292-8295. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A T-PEDOT:PSS/Ag NW hybrid electrode was developed to enhance the mechanical stability of Ag NWs and used for flexible ECL displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Center
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbaie Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cramer T, Travaglini L, Lai S, Patruno L, de Miranda S, Bonfiglio A, Cosseddu P, Fraboni B. Direct imaging of defect formation in strained organic flexible electronics by Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38203. [PMID: 27910889 PMCID: PMC5133578 DOI: 10.1038/srep38203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials and devices for flexible electronics depends crucially on the understanding of how strain affects electronic material properties at the nano-scale. Scanning Kelvin-Probe Microscopy (SKPM) is a unique technique for nanoelectronic investigations as it combines non-invasive measurement of surface topography and surface electrical potential. Here we show that SKPM in non-contact mode is feasible on deformed flexible samples and allows to identify strain induced electronic defects. As an example we apply the technique to investigate the strain response of organic thin film transistors containing TIPS-pentacene patterned on polymer foils. Controlled surface strain is induced in the semiconducting layer by bending the transistor substrate. The amount of local strain is quantified by a mathematical model describing the bending mechanics. We find that the step-wise reduction of device performance at critical bending radii is caused by the formation of nano-cracks in the microcrystal morphology of the TIPS-pentacene film. The cracks are easily identified due to the abrupt variation in SKPM surface potential caused by a local increase in resistance. Importantly, the strong surface adhesion of microcrystals to the elastic dielectric allows to maintain a conductive path also after fracture thus providing the opportunity to attenuate strain effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Travaglini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Italy
| | - Stefano Lai
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Italy
| | - Luca Patruno
- DICAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Bonfiglio
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Italy
| | - Piero Cosseddu
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu HC, Hung CC, Hong CW, Sun HS, Wang JT, Yamashita G, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Isoindigo-Based Semiconducting Polymers Using Carbosilane Side Chains for High Performance Stretchable Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Go Yamashita
- Department
of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department
of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qian Y, Zhang X, Xie L, Qi D, Chandran BK, Chen X, Huang W. Stretchable Organic Semiconductor Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9243-9265. [PMID: 27573694 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are essential for the development of intensely packed collapsible and portable electronics, wearable electronics, epidermal and bioimplanted electronics, 3D surface compliable devices, bionics, prosthesis, and robotics. However, most stretchable devices are currently based on inorganic electronics, whose high cost of fabrication and limited processing area make it difficult to produce inexpensive, large-area devices. Therefore, organic stretchable electronics are highly attractive due to many advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as their light weight, flexibility, low cost and large-area solution-processing, the reproducible semiconductor resources, and the easy tuning of their properties via molecular tailoring. Among them, stretchable organic semiconductor devices have become a hot and fast-growing research field, in which great advances have been made in recent years. These fantastic advances are summarized here, focusing on stretchable organic field-effect transistors, light-emitting devices, solar cells, and memory devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bevita K Chandran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gandla S, Gupta H, Pininti AR, Tewari A, Gupta D. Highly elastic polymer substrates with tunable mechanical properties for stretchable electronic applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices have recently gained a lot of attention because of their applications in healthcare and wearable electronics and their other innovative applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Gandla
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Lab (PEEL)
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Harshad Gupta
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Lab (PEEL)
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Anil Reddy Pininti
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Lab (PEEL)
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Amit Tewari
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Lab (PEEL)
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- IITB-Monash Academy
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Lab (PEEL)
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| |
Collapse
|